ASTHMA
Pembimbing:
dr. Retno Aziza, Sp. P. FCCP.
Anggota Kelompok:
Gemayangsura, S.Ked
Rana M. Raydian, S. Ked
DIAGNOSIS ASMA
Riwayat alergi di keluarga dan riwayat pribadi
Pemeriksaan fisik pada penderita asma
◦ Wheezing atau didapatkan hasil normal
Wheezing juga ditemukan pada kondisi lain, contohnya:
◦ Infeksi respiratori
◦ PPOK
◦ Disfungsi pernapasan atas
◦ Obstruksi endobronchial
◦ Inhalasi benda asing
Wheezing mungkin tidak ditemukan pada asma eksaserbasi
(‘silent chest’)
DIAGNOSIS ASMA
Test fungsi paru (Spirometri)
FEV1/FVC <75-80
Bronchial provocation test
Allergy test
Skin prick test atau jumlah sIgE pada
serum
Ekhalasi nitric oxide
Peningkatan FENO (fractional
concentration of exhaled nitric oxide)
Patient with
respiratory symptoms
Are the symptoms typical of
asthma?
NO
YES
Detailed history/examination
for asthma
History/examinationsupports
asthma diagnosis?
Further history and tests for
NO
alternative diagnoses
Clinical urgency, Alternative diagnosis
YES
and other confirmed?
diagnoses unlikely
Perform spirometry/PEF
with reversibility test
Results support asthma
diagnosis?
Repeat on another
NO occasion or arrange
other tests NO
YE
S Confirms asthma
diagnosis?
2. Pengobatan
Teknik inhaler dan kepatuhan
Tanyakan mengenai efek samping
Apakah pasien telah menuliskan rencana pengobatan asma?
Apa sikap pasien dan tujuan pasien terhadap asma mereka?
3. Komorbiditas
Pertimbangkan rhinosinusitis, GERD, obesitas, obstructive sleep
apnea, depresi, anxietas
Hal ini berkontribusi terhadap gejala dan kualitas hidup yang rendah
MENILAI KEPARAHAN ASMA
BAGAIMANA?
◦ Tingkat keparahan asma dapat dinilai secara retrospektif dari tahap
terapi dimulai sampai gejala terkontrol dan eksaserasi
KAPAN
◦ Setelah pasien menjalani terapi kontrol selama beberapa bulan
◦ Tingkat keparahan asma tidak statis – dapat berubah beberapa
bulan atau tahun
KATEGORI TINGKAT KEPARAHAN ASMA
◦ ASMA RINGAN: terkontrol baik dengan step 1 atau 2 (SABA atau
dosis rendah kortikosteroid inhalasi)
◦ ASMA SEDANG: terkontrol baik dengan step 3 (dosis rendah
ICS/LABA)
◦ ASMA BERAT: step 4 atau 5 (dosis sedang atau tinggi ICS/LABA ±
add-on) atau tidak terkontrol dengan terapi tersebut
GINA ASSESSMENT OF
SYMPTOM CONTROL
A. Symptom control
Well- Partly Uncontrolled
In the past 4 weeks, has the patient had:
controlled controlled
• Daytime asthma symptoms more
than twice a week? Yes No
• Any night waking due to asthma? Yes No
None of 1-2 of 3-4 of
• Reliever needed for symptoms* these these these
more than twice a week? Yes No
• Any activity limitation due to asthma? Yes No
Asma okupasional
Tanyakan pada pasien dengan asma onset dewasa mengenai riwayat pekerjaan. Hindari pencetus sesegera mungkin
IMPROVING
DISCHARGE/FOLLOW-UP PLANNING
Ensure that resources at home are adequate.
Reliever: continue as needed
Controller: consider need for, or adjustment of, regular controller
Check inhaler technique and adherence
Follow up:within 1-7 days
Provide and explain action plan
FOLLOW UP VISIT
Reliever: Reduce to as-needed
Controller: Continue or adjust depending on cause of exacerbation, and duration of need for extra salbutamol
Risk factors: Check and correct modifiable risk factors that may have contributed to exacerbation, including
inhaler technique and adherence
Action plan: Is it understood? Was it used appropriately? Does it need modification?
Schedule next follow up visit