Materi : 01

SISTEM KOMUNIKASI BERGERAK

Pengenalan Sistem Cellular

MALANG, 2018

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Klasifikasi WIRELESS
contoh :
point to point communication, infra
Non
red communication, LMDS,
Cellular
Fixed Microwave communication
Wireless
contoh :

Cellular PHS, CT2, PACS, DCS1800,

DECT
Wireless
Communication contoh :
Non paging system (ERMES, NTT, NEC)
Cellular , dispatching system, PAMR (Public
Access Mobile Radio) dsb
Mobile
Wireless contoh :

Cellular GSM, CDMA/IS-95, AMPS, UMTS,

PHS, DCS1800, NMT450, TACS,
C-450, dsb

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak
Syarat
Ada sedikitnya satu terminal bergerak di dalam komunikasi

Pada awalnya
 Daya pancar tinggi
 Antena setinggi-tingginya
 Cakupan sel sebesar-besarnya
 Konsep Handoff tidak ada

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Generasi Awal Sistem
Komunikasi Bergerak

Radio tow er

Kelemahan
Radio tow er

 Biaya mahal karena perlu penguat

daya tinggi dan antena tinggi
 Kenyamanan pelanggan terganggu
saat berpindah cakupan
 Kapasitas rendah
 Efisiensi spektrum rendah
27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT
 Perkembangan Siskomber

Satelit
 GMPCS (Global Mobile
Personal Communication
System)
Sistem Komunikasi  Iridium,Globalstar
bergerak
Terestrial
 Siskomber Selluler

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Klasifikasi Sistem Cellular
Menurut Daerah Jangkauan
(Coverage)
1. Large Zone (Single
Cell/Convensional).
* Radius +/- 20 miles.
* STKB – Inti.
2. Multi Zone (Cellular).
* STB ( NMT, GSM,
CDMA.
3. Global System (Mobile
Satelite).
* Iridium,
Globalstar,GMPCS
Menurut Sistem Transmisi
yang digunakan
1. STB dgn Transmisi
Tereterial.
* Radio Teresterial
(VHF/UHF).
* Single Cell
Convensional & Cellular.
2. STB dgn Transmisi
Satelite.
* Iridium , Globalstar,
GMPCS

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Standar Sistem Seluler
Sistem Seluler Analog – Generasi Pertama
 AMPS ( Advanced Mobile Phone System )
 NMT 450 ( Nordic Mobile Phone )
 TACS ( Total Access Communication System )

Sistem Seluler Digital – Generasi Kedua

 GSM ( Global System for Mobile Communication )
 DAMPS ( Digital AMPS )

 CDMA/IS-95
Generasi Ketiga
 IMT 2000
27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT
 Technology Cellular.
1G - Analog voice service
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) - No data service
wireless
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) - Digital voice service
2G - 9.6K to 14.4K bit/sec.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) - CDMA, TDMA and PDC offer
wireless GSM one-way data transmissions only
(Global System for Mobile - Enhanced calling features
Communications) like caller ID
- No always-on data connection
PDC (Personal Digital Cellular)

W-CDMA - Superior voice quality

3G - Up to 2M bit/sec.
(Wide-band Code Division Multiple - always-on data
wireless Access) - Broadband data services
like video & multimedia
CDMA-2000 - Enhanced roaming

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Cellular Evolution : European ways

1G 2G 2.5G 3G

IMT-2000/
TACS, GPRS &
GSM
NMT, etc EDGE UMTS

Analog Digial speech, Digial speech, 4 QoS Class :

speech low speed data low speed data, Conversational,
medium speed streaming,
interactive, &
up to 384 kbs background

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 2G Vs 3G
2G 3G

Layanan Suara+ Aplikasi

Low data rate Multimedia
Kapasitas 22,8 kb/s 2 Mb/s
Transmisi
Switching/ Routing Circuit Packet

Pentarifan Time and Location Volume Based

based
1980: 1990: 2000:

1 2 3
s s s
st nd rd
Generasi Generasi Generasi
Analog Digital pita lebar

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

Advanced Mobile Phone Service.
• Pioneer of cellular telecommunications
• FDMA-based analog system
– Low capacity of subscriber per cell
• Unsecure
– Phone number can be scanned and copied
– Voice conversation is not encrypted

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

Global System for Mobile Communications.
• The most popular of cellular technologies
– Supported in nearly all countries
• TDMA-based digital system
– 8 times capacity of AMPS per frequency band
• Secure
– All information exchange between Mobile
Station (MS) and Base Station (BS) are
encrypted

A5 A5
Algorithm Algorithm

BS/MSC/AU

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Cellular System Architecture.
Mobile Stations
(MS)

Base Transceiver
Station (BTS) A interface

Base Station
Controller (BSC)

Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Abis interface
Base Station (BS)
Public Switche
Mobile
Telephone Netw
Switching
Um interface Centre
(PSTN)
(MSC)

Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)

Base Station
Controller (BSC) CCITT
Signalling
Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Abis interface System No. 7
Base Station (BS) (SS7)
interface
27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT
 CDMAOne.
• Newest cellular phone standard
– Developed by Qualcomm
– Supported mainly in the Americas and East Asia
• CDMA-based digital system
– Up to 18 times capacity of AMPS per frequency
band
• Very Secure
– Listeners need the right descrambler key
– Optional encryption is also available

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Perbandingan

AMPS GSM CDMA/IS-95

Akses jamak FDMA TDMA DS-CDMA

Modulasi FM GMSK QPSK

Bandwidth RF 30 kHz 200 kHz 1,25 MHz

Kanal / carrier RF 1 8 20 – 30

Frekunsi Uplink 824 – 849 890 – 915 824 – 849

MHz MHz MHz
Frekuensi Downlink 869 – 894 935 – 960 869 – 894
MHz MHz MHz

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Trend Teknologi Seluler
Syarat Pelayanan
 Aplikasi multimedia baru
 Arsitektur layanan terpadu
 Layanan berbasis Internet Protocol
 Data Kecepatan tinggi
 Suara kualitas tinggi

Teknologi Akses

 WCDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple

Access)

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Cellular Evolution and 3G Roadmap.

GSM GSM GPRS W-CDMA HSDPA

Europe

HSCSD EDGE UMTS

PDC
Japan PDC PDC+

D-AMPS
North America
D-AMPS CDMA2000

IS-95 IS-95 1X-RTT EV-DV

North America
IS-95B EV-DO
2G 2.5G 3G 3G+
27/11/2018 9.6-14 kbps 114-384
Staf Pengajar kbps
- M.Junus, ST, MT 0.384-2 Mbps >5 Mbps
 Data Rate and Mobility.
Mobility

Vehicle

4G
Mobile

3G
Pedestrian Mobile
IEEE802.11a
HIPERLAN/2

IEEE802.11g
IEEE802.11b
Stationary
Future high
IEEE802.15.3
Bluetooth speed RLAN

0.1 1 10 100 1000

Data Rate [Mbps]

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

3G Open Systems Technology Platform

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

 Visi dari Teknologi Wireless 3G
Global
Satellite

Suburban Urban
In Building

Picocell
Microcell
Macrocell

PDA Terminal

Audio Visual
Basic terminal Terminal

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT

27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT
27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT
 GMPCS
Global Mobile Personal Communication
System
 Definisi awal : Sistem satelit orbit non
geostasioner , disebut juga Big Leo
 Frekuensi diatas 1 GHz
 Layanan suara dan data narrow band
 Dianggap sebagai komponen IMT 2000 , yang
menyatukan berbagai sistem dalam satu
infrastruktur radio terpadu
 Komunikasi anywhere and anytime
 Definisi sekarang : Semua sistem yang
memberikan layanan telekomunikasi dari
gugusan satelit baik trans-nasional, regional,
maupun basis global
27/11/2018 Staf Pengajar - M.Junus, ST, MT