DERMATOPATHOLOGY

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DIVISION OF PATHOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
BOGOR AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY
SRI ESTUNINGSIH,
HAKEKAT dan FUNGSI KULIT

1. MENGHUBUNGKAN HEWAN DENGAN

LINGKUNGANNYA (Corp. Meisner)
2. MERUPAKAN organ TERLUAS DIBANDINGKAN organ
LAINNYA
3. BERFUNGGSI SEBAGAI PELINDUNG TUBUH
4. MAMPU MELAKUKAN PROSES PERSEMBUHAN
SETELAH TERPAPAR KERUSAKAN RINGAN- SEDANG
5. MENGGAMBARKAN KONDISI KESEHATAN TUBUH
YBS (PENYAKIT NUTRISI, METABOLIT DAN
PENYAKIT KRONIS)
6. MEMILIKI KEMAMPUAN ANTIMIKROBIAL
(keratin)

7. MENYIMPAN CADANGAN ELEKTROLIT, AIR, VITAMIN,

LEMAK DAN KARBOHIDRAT

8. MEMILIKI PIGMEN DAN MAMPU MELAKSANAKAN

PIGMENTASI SEBAGAI USAHA PELINDUNG TUBUH
TERHADAP SINAR MATHARI. DILENGKAPI DENGAN
ADNEXA, MEMILIKI STRUKTUR HAS KUKU, TANDUK,
SISIK, RAMBUT DAN BULU untuk pelindung
Mempelajarinya dapat dikelompokkan a/d

• 1. Anatomi kulit :
• 2. Kelompok penyebab penyakit :
• 3. lamanya penyakit :
KULIT NORMAL

TERDIRI DARI 3 LAPIS :

1. EPIDERMIS
2. DERMIS
3. SUB KUTIS
 Diagram of the skin's upper layer called the
epidermis (outer paper-thin envelope). Diagram
shows the layers which comprise the epidermis
including the dead horn layer known as the stratum
corneum, the final layer of transition between the
dead and alive layers called the granulosum and the
live prickle cell layer as well as the basal layer which
lies against the dermis (leather layer of the skin).
Note the individual melanocyte or pigment cells that
are found along the basal layer.
Komponen epidermis
A. KERATINOSIT : SEL TERBANYAK MENGHASILKAN KERATIN

B. MELANOSIT : MEMPRODUKSI MELANIN

C. SEL LANGERHANS : FAGOSIT, MEMPROSES AG

D. SEL MERKEL : NEURO ENDOKRIN

Melanosit
 EPIDERMIS

STRATUM CORNEUM

LABORATORY OF PATHOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
BOGOR AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY
 EPIDERMIS

STRATUM GRANULOSUM

DIVISION OF PATHOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY
MEDICINE
BOGOR AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY
 EPIDERMIS

STRATUM SPINOSUM

LABORATORY OF PATHOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
BOGOR AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY
 EPIDERMIS

STRATUM GERMINATIVUM
LABORATORY OF PATHOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
BOGOR AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY
HISTOLOGI KULIT NORMAL
 DERMIS

PAPILARY DERMIS

LABORATORY OF PATHOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
BOGOR AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY
 DERMIS

RETICULAR DERMIS

LABORATORY OF PATHOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
BOGOR AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY
DERMIS
HISTOLOGI KULIT NORMAL

Epidermis
• Str. Corneum/Keratin
• Str. Granulosum
• Str. Spinosum
• Str. Basale
Melanosit
Sel Markel
Sel Langerhan
• Dej = Dermo-Epidermal Junction
Dermis

1. Folikel Rambut
2. Akar Rambut
3. Kelenjar Sebacious/Lemak
4. Kelenjar Keringat
3
5. Pembuluh Darah

2
4 1

5
SUBKUTIS

1. Otot
2. Syaraf
KAMUS DERMATO-PATHOLOGY

KELAINAN PADA LAPISAN EPIDERMIS

HYPERKERATOSIS
ORTOKERATOTIC HYPERKERATOSIS
PARAKERATOTIC HYPERKERATOSIS
HYPOKERATOSIS
DYSKERATOSIS
HYPERGRANULOSIS
HYPERKERATISATOSIS
Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis
Also called granular degeneration. It is characterized by:
perinuclear clear spaces in the upper stratum malpighii
indistinct cellular boundaries
a markedly thickened granular layer with increased
numbers of keratohyalin granules and
hyperkeratosis
ORTOKERATOTIC HYPERKERATOSIS
erosi

edema

radang
PARAKERATOTIC HYPERKERATOSIS
HYPERGRANULOSIS
• HYPOGRANULOSIS
• HYPERPLASIA
• ACHANTOSIS
• HYPOPLASIA
• ATROPHY
• NECROSIS
• SPONGIOSIS (INTERCELULER EDEMA)
• INTRACELLULER EDEMA (DEGENERASI
JUGA HYDROPIS ATAU DEGENERASI
VACOULER)
HYPERPLASIA
• BALLONING DEGENERATION (KOILOCYTOSIS)
• ACANTHOLYSIS
• DEGENERASI HYDROPIS SEL BASAL
• CHEFT/CELAH
• DEGENERASI HYDROPIS LAPISAN SEL-SEL BASAL
• MIKROVESICLE, VESICLE, BULLAE
• MIKOABSES DAN FUSTULA
• MIKROPIGMENTASI (HYPERPIGMENTOSIS)
• HYPOPIGMENTASI
BALOONING DEGENERATION

INFEKSI VIRUS
BALLONING DEGENERATION /
KOILOCYTOSIS
ACHANTOSIS
Acanthosis
The increase in the thickness of the stratum malpighii.
Examples of acanthosis in Psoriasis)
and Lichen Simplex Chronicus
Acanthosis
The increase in the thickness of the stratum malpighii.
Examples of Lichen Simplex Chronicus
HYPOPLASIA
ATHROPY
Atrofi kulit

BULUH DARAH TAMPAK JELAS

NECROSIS
 INTRACELLULER EDEMA : DEGENERASI
HYDROPIS ATAU DEGENERASI VACOULER
ACANTHOLYSIS
DEGENERASI HYDROPIS SEL BASAL
MIKROVESICLE, VESICLE, BULLAE
Erythema, Papule
Nodule, Papilloma
Wheal, Plaque
Tumor, Cyst
Crust, Ulcer
Pustula, Bulla
MIKROABSES DAN PUSTULA
HYPERPIGMENTOSIS
HYPOPIGMENTASI
KALAINAN PADA LAPISAN DERMIS

• HYALINASI
• DEGENERASI FIBROSA
• KOLAGENOLISIS
• MINERALISASI DISTROFIK
• ATROPHY
• FIBROPLASIA
HYALINASI
• DESMOPLASIA
• FIBROPLASIA
• SCLEROSIS
• PAPALLOMATOSIS
• PIGMENTOSIS
• EDEMA
• DEGENERASI MUCINOUS

PAPALLOMATOSIS
 KELAINAN PADA KELENJAR RAMBUT
• SEBACIOUS ADENITIS ; PERADANGAN KELENJAR SEBACEOUS

• HYDRADENITIS: PERADANGAN KELENJAR KERINGAT

PENYAKIT KULIT SPESIFIK
BERDASARKAN PENYEBABNYA PENYAKIT
KULIT DIKLASIFIKASIKAN SBB:

– HEREDITER/CONGENITALIS
– BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN LINGKUNGAN
– BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN REAKSI IMUN
– KELAINAN ENDOKRIN
– AKIBAT FAKTOR NUTRISI

MANA ANJING MANA HANDUK?

A. PENYAKIT KULIT HEREDITER

• ACANTOSIS NIGRICHANS
• COLLAGEN DYSPLASIA
• EPHITELLIOGHENESIS IMPERFECTA
• ICHTYOSIS
Ichtyosis Foetalis
Acanthosis nigricans
HP Acanthosis nigricans
 B. PENYAKIT KULIT YANG BERHUBUNGAN
DENGAN LINGKUNGAN

1. SOLAR DERMATITIS
2. SOLAR DERMATITIS DAN NEOPLASIA

scc
Squamous cell carcinoma
Horn pearl = mutiara tanduk Pulau sel-sel tumor

Fokus radang
C. PENGARUH BAHAN KIMIA TERHADAP
KULIT
1. CONTACT DERMATITIS
DERMATITIS EROSIVA AKIBAT bahan kimia
C. PENGARUH BAHAN KIMIA TERHADAP KULIT

2. KELAINAN KULIT AKIBAT PENGARUH

FISIS > PANAS KEBAKARAN
DERMATITIS FOTOSENSITISASI- SAPI
DERMATITIS FOTOSENSITISASI
DERMATITIS FOTOSENSITISASI
 ACARAL LICK
DERMATITIS + LICK
GRANULOMA

FELINE
PHYSICHOGENIC
ALOPECIA

CALLUS

DERMATITIS
PYOTRAUMATICA
 These are commonly known as lick
granulomas. There are many causes,
allergies being a primary one. Other
causes include arthritis, skin tumors,
inflamed nerves, fungal infections,
ectoparasites, and psychological factors
like boredom and stress
excessive licking.
The color change is due to the chronic saliva on the har

ACARAL LICK DERMATITIS

LICK GRANULOMA

This dog's skin is oily from chronic rubbing

ACARAL LICK DERMATITIS
D. PENYAKIT KULIT INFEKSIUS
• INFEKSI KULIT OLEH BAKTERI

• PIOMA SUPERFICIALIS :

• INTRA DERMAL PUSTULA DAN FOLIKULITIS

• DERMATITIS SUPURATIF SUPERFICIAL

• DEEP PYODERMA ;

• STAPHYOLOCOCCUS INTREMEDIUS

• MYCOBACTERIA, ACTINOMYCES, ACTINOBACILLUS

DAN NOCARDIA
ERYSIPELOSIS BABI
Erysipelothrix rusiopathy
Pyoderma : Staphylococcus aureus
DERMATITIS PYOGENIK SUPERFISIALIS
DERMATITIS SUPERFISIALIS
 DEEP PYODERMA

SEL RADANG
DERMATITIS PROFUNDA
VIRAL INFECTION – Fowl Pox
 INTRA DERMAL PUSTULA DAN FOLIKULITIS

demodecosis

Folikulitis, furunkulosis
MITES INFESTATION
Scabies – Sarcoptes scabiei
Mange (mites) Notoedres cati
(feline mange mite)
PENGAMBILAN SAMPEL KULIT

KOH 10%
PENYAKIT KULIT AKIBAT MIKROORGANISME
GOLONGAN NAMA JENIS LESIO KASUS
MO
Bakteri Streptococcus Lesio dermis Impetigo
pyogenik Staphylococcus pustulusa folokulitis
carbuncle
celllutis
Bakteri lain Mycobacterium Lesio
tuberculosis granulomatosa
M. lepprae Perivaskulitis = TBC
Syphilis lesio syphilis
Erysiphelotrix Maculopapular erysipelosis
rusisopathy pendarahan
Ricketsia Babesia BD kecil pada Rocky
Piroplasma dermis pecah mountain
spotted fever
GOLONGAN NAMA JENIS LESIO KASUS
MO
Protozoa Leishmania Deposisi Kala
donovani Makropag azar/leshmani
Papula osis
plaquaes,
ulceratif
Fungus Dermatophyta Radang Tumor like
supuratif mycetoma
Radang
granulomato
sa
Insekta Kutu Radang akut Scabies,
Nyamuk radang kronis psoroptes,
Tungau demodex,
otodectes,
notoedres
 LESIO KULIT Perubahan mikroskopis Penyakit
Tumor Infiltrasi sel tumor Benign, malignant tumor
Papilloma Acanthosis dan Wart/kutil
papillomatosis
Cyst Ruang dibatasi epitel Epidermal inclusion cyst
Vesicle Edema dan inflamasi PMK, herpes
dan/ atau necrosis
Bulla Edema dan inflamasi Terbakar, obat
dan/atau necrosis
Pustula Inflamasi supuratif Impetigo
Ulcer Defek epidermal Syphilitic
Chancre
Crust Luka/defek terisi bekuan Persembuhan chicken
plasma pox
Lesio kulit Perubahan mikroskopis Penyakit
Erythema Dilatasi, congesti bd inflamasi
Macula Fokal hiperpigmentasi Frekles
epidermis

Patch Edema, inflamasi dermis Rubella

Wheal Dermal edema, inflamasi Racun Ivy
ringan

Papule Dermal inflamasi dan Atopic dermatitis

acathosis

Plaque Penebalan epidermis Psoriasis

Nodule Infiltrasi sel radang atau Nevus
sel tumor
 Kulit sehat vs agen

Sakit mati
Sembuh Sakit kronis
Nekrotik
Regenerasi
cacat
Respon kulit

• Gangguan sirkulasi
• degenerasi
• Kematian sel
• Nekrotik
• Radang
Penyakit kulit yang berhubungan
dengan respon imun
Penyakit kulit dapat terjadi akibat
1. reaksi hypersensitifitas
2. penyakit autoimun
1. penyakit kulit akibat reaksi hypersensitifitas
terdapat 4 type reaksi hypersensitifitas, yaitu :

1. type I = atopik/ alergi

2. type II = reaksi sitotoksik
3. type III= kompleks Ag-Ab
4. type IV = cel mediated/berperantara sel
Type I
Reaksi alergi/atopik

Jika kulit terpapar suatu agens atau bahan

yang menyebabkan alergi; jika memakan
sesuatu yang mengundang alergi
kejadian alergi:
Bahan terpapar akan mengundang mast sel ke lokasi
tubuh yang terpapar terdapat Ig E di lokasi terpapar

Akibatnya terbebas histamin dan serotonin yang

mengakibatkan vassoaktifasi

Akibatnya terjadi edema pada dermis (spongiosis)

Contoh kasus : Wheals
Atopic dermatitis
Eczema
Sengatan tawon
alergi obat
Flea alergy
Facial skin lesions, Excoriations, erythema and
secondary to scratching, lichenification in a dog with Mast cell
in a dog with atopic dermatitis atopic dermatitis
ulcer
Section from a
skin biopsy
hyperplasia obtained from
a dog with
atopic
dermatitis

Inflammation : mast cell, PMN, Macrofag, fibroblast, giant cell

When allergens first enter the body of
a person predisposed to allergies, the
immune system produces the allergen-
specific IgE antibodies. The IgE
antibodies attach themselves to the
surface of cells called mast cells. The
next time that allergic individual
comes into contact with the allergen,
the IgE identifies it and quickly
initiates the release of chemicals -
such as histamine - from the mast
cells. These potent chemicals cause
the symptoms seen in allergic
reactions and anaphylaxis.
1 – allergen
2 - IgE
3 - Kompleks IgE/Ag
4 - histamin
5 - Degranulasi
6 - sel Mast
7 - histamin
Type II
Reaksi sitotoksik

Jika terdapat Ab, komplemen yang

mengundang hadirnya T sitotoksik
Sitotoksik mengakibatkan terjadinya nekrosa
Contoh kasus : pemphigus vulgaris
kejadian hypersensitifitas type II

Jika terbentuk antibodi terhadap keratinosit.

Jika Ab bersirkulasi dan menempel pada
epidermis akan mengakibatkan daya adhesi
sel lepas hingga intraepidermal bullae dan
vesikula
Type III
Diperantarai imun kompleks

Terjadi deposisi kompleks Ag-Ab pada regio DEJ

Berupa deposit granul
Contoh kasus : SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus
SLE
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
DLE
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Pemphigus vulgaris
Discoid lupus Erythematosus
LUPUS
DLE, SLE

DEJ
Perubahan PA :
atrofi kulit
hiperkeratosis
sumbtan keratin pada folikel

Perubahan HP :
degenarasi liquofaktif stratum basale
edema dermis
inflamasi buluh darah dermal
Type IV
Cell mediated reaction
Akibat reaksi T cell
Contoh kasus : Contact dermatitis
Graft vs Host Reaction pada
1. Bone marrow
transplantation
2. Skin transplantation
Perubahan HP : Edema epidermis dan dermis
Spongiosis epidermis
Reaksi radang granuloma
Exocytosis
Crust (scab)
Infectious disease
Viral (Herpes virus) ; Bacterial
(Staphylococcus .sp)
Infectious disease
Fungal
Ringworm
Infectious disease
fleas and mites
• Endocrine skin disease
Allopecia; hyperpigmentation;
calcinosis cutis

• Nutrional skin disease

Zinc deficiency
• Pigmentary disorders
hypopigmentation; hyperpigmentation
• Skin disease with prominient eosinophils
Rodent ulcer; linear granuloma
• Growth disorders
Seborrhea complex; seborrhea sicca;
seborrhea oleosa
• Tumor
Growth disorders
Seborrhea
Dermatitis nodularis
Dermatitis nodularis
Dermatitis nodularis
Perivascular Dermatitis
Perivascular Dermatitis
radang

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