PELAKSANAAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI (KBAT)

dalam
SAINS

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
Apa itu KBAT dalam Sains?
 BAGAIMANA MEMPELAJARI SAINS?
Murid:
• Belajar dengan berkesan melalui
aktiviti hands on
• Seronok menyelesaikan masalah yang
bermakna
• Menjadi bosan jika guru bercakap
lebih dari 10 minit
• Memberi respon kepada soalan yang
bermakna
• Belajar lebih baik melalui galakan
berbanding hukuman
• Memahami idea berkembang secara
berperingkat dan berurutan
 MENGAPA KBAT PENTING?
Menghasilkan modal insan yang cerdas, kreatif
dan inovatif bagi memenuhi cabaran abad ke-21
agar negara mampu bersaing di persada dunia.

If we want students to develop

the capacity to think, reason,
and problem solve then we need
to start with high-level,
cognitively complex tasks.
Stein & Lane 1996
 RASIONAL KBAT
• Berubah daripada amalan hafalan kepada pemahaman
yang mendalam.
• Meningkatkan tahap kesedaran dengan menganalisa,
menyelesaikan masalah dan menilai serta mencipta
• Belajar mewajarkan penyelesaian dan penemuan
• Konsep sains boleh dipelajari dengan berkesan melalui KBAT.
• Penyiasatan saintifik memerlukan KBAT
 BAGAIMANA MENINGKATKAN
PENGUASAAN KBAT DALAM
KALANGAN MURID DALAM SAINS?
GURU BERUBAH CARA:
• berfikir
• menyoal bagi mencungkil idea
murid
• Memotivasi murid
• menekankan aktiviti hands-on
• mengubah jenis tugasan
• mentaksir untuk pembelajaran
• berkomunikasi secara berkesan
PERANAN GURU DALAM MENEKANKAN KBAT:

Menggalakkan
pemikiran
kritis, kreatif
dan inovatif

1. Memastikan setiap murid melibatkan diri secara aktif dalam

PdP.
2. Memberi peluang murid berbincang, bertanya dan
memberi pendapat.
3. Mempelbagaikan strategi.
4. Mengemukakan soalan membina, memimpin, terbuka serta
menggalakkan penaakulan serta berfikir pada aras
tinggi.
INKUIRI DALAM SAINS
 MENGAPA INKUIRI?
• Murid belajar konsep sains
berdasarkan penemuan yang
mereka sendiri peroleh.
• Inkuiri berlaku apabila terdapat
kaitan antara konsep sains dengan
soalan yang murid kemukakan
dan mereka mencari jawapan
melalui penyiasatan.
 SAINS SECARA HANDS-ON
Murid teruja apabila diberikan masalah luar dari
kebiasaan, ketidakpastian, persoalan atau dilema.

Belajar secara hands-on

menghasilkan kefahaman
yang mendalam untuk
KPS/KBSB membolehkan mereka
mengaplikasikannya
Inkuiri
dalam situasi yang
baru.
CONTOH SOALAN
TIMSS 2007
 ITEM PADA SKOR PENANDAARASAN TERTINGGI
The mass of a substance A and B are measured on a Negara % jawapan
balance, as shown in Figure 1. Substance B is put into betul
the beaker and substance C is formed. The empty Jepun 65
beaker is put back on the balance, as shown in Figure 2.
Korea 51
China Taipei 51
Rusia 39
Singapura 37
Hong Kong 30
England 28
The scale in Figure 1 shows a mass of 110 grams.
What will it show in Figure 2? Australia 25
Thailand 25
Check one box:
More than 110 grams Amerika Syarikat 24
110 grams Purata Antarabangsa 23
Less than 110 grams
Malaysia 14
Explain your answer. Indonesia 6
 ITEM PADA SKOR PENANDAARASAN TINGGI
Negara % jawapan
The diagram shows four identical size rods each of a betul
different material sealed into the bottom of a
Singapura 79
container. The same amount of wax is placed on the
end of each rod and then the container is filled with China Taipei 75
boiling water. On which rod will the wax melt first? Jepun 68
England 66
Rusia 63
Australia 60
Korea 60
Amerika Syarikat 57
Hong Kong 55
Malaysia 55
Thailand 53
A. Glass rod
B. Wooden rod Purata Antarabangsa 47
C. Metal rod Indonesia 21
D. Plastic rod
 ITEM PADA SKOR PENANDAARASAN SEDERHANA
Negara % jawapan
betul
In a deep valley on Earth, a person
shouting will hear an echo as the Korea 90
sound is reflected back off the China Taipei 89
surrounding mountains. In a similar Hong Kong 84
valley on the Moon, no echo will be Jepun 82
heard. This is because Singapura 77
England 77
A. the gravitational pull on the Moon is
Australia 73
too low.
B. the temperature on the Moon is too Rusia 73
low. Amerika Syarikat 71
C. there is no air on the Moon for the Indonesia 67
sound to travel through. Purata Antarabangsa 65
D. the mountains on the Moon cannot Malaysia 63
reflect sound. Thailand 54
 ITEM PADA SKOR PENANDAARASAN RENDAH

Negara % jawapan
Work is done when an object is moved in betul
the direction of an applied force. A person Singapura 96
performed different tasks as shown in the Amerika Syarikat 91
diagrams below. In which diagram is the
Rusia 91
person doing work?
Korea 91
Indonesia 86
Australia 86
England 85
Malaysia 84
Jepun 82
China Taipei 81
Purata Antarabangsa 78
Hong Kong 75
Thailand 74
CONTOH SOALAN
PISA 2007
Ultrasound
 Ultrasound
Question 1: ULTRASOUND
To form an image the ultrasound machine needs to calculate the distance
between the foetus and the probe. The ultrasound waves move through the
abdomen at a speed of 1540 m/s. What measurement must the machine
make so that it can calculate the distance?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

Question 2: ULTRASOUND
An image of a foetus can also be obtained using X-rays. However, women are
advised to avoid having X-rays of their abdomens during pregnancy.
Why should a woman avoid having her abdomen X-rayed during pregnancy
in particular?
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
.
 Ultrasound
Question 4: ULTRASOUND
An image of a foetus can also be obtained using X-rays. However, women are
advised to avoid having X-rays of their abdomens during pregnancy.
Why should a woman avoid having her abdomen X-rayed during pregnancy in
particular?
.............................................................................................................................
.
.............................................................................................................................
Question
. 5: ULTRASOUND
Can ultrasound examinations of expectant mothers provide answers to the following
questions? Circle “Yes” or “No” for each question.

Can an ultrasound examination answer this question? Yes or No?

Is there more than one baby? Yes / No
What colour are the baby’s eyes? Yes / No
Is the baby about the right size? Yes / No
Ultrasound
 PELAKSANAAN HOTs MENUNTUT
Pelbagai
Pelbagai
Sikap Positif Pendekatan
Perkaitan
Kritikal &
Engaging Non-algorithmic Analitikal
Komunikasi
Pemikiran
Penaakulan &
Reflektif
Pembuktian Pelbagai
Peruntukan Masa Strategi
Penerokaan &
Membuat & Penyiasatan Kreatif &
menguji Inovatif
konjektur Kefahaman
Mendalam Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia