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TEKNIK PRODUKSI I
TM UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
PRODUKTIVITAS FORMASI
VERTICAL LIFT PERFORMANCE
CHOKE PERFORMANCE
HORIZONTAL FLOW PERFORMANCE
NATURAL FLOW WELL
NODAL ANALYSIS
CHOKE/BEAN/JEPITAN/KERANGAN
Pu : up stream pressure ~ Pwh
Pd : down stream pressure
Pu Pd
Pu = 2 Pd
Syarat Sonic Velocity :
Fungsi : (Pd/Pu) > 0,7
Menanggulangi back pressure dari flow line dan separator,
sehingga back pressure tsb tidak mengganggu tekanan
tubing.
Mengatur besarnya laju produksi sumur
Fenomena :
Pwf kecil, draw down pressure besar Q besar
Ø choke besar Q besar krn Pwf kecil, akbtnya Pwh
kecil
Back pressure besar Pwh besar Q kecil
435 R 0,546
Pwh Q
S 1,89
CHOKE
A Jika :
A = 435 Øck masih
memadai
A > 435 Øck terlalu besar
A < 435 Øck terlalu kecil
C R 0 ,5
Pwh Q
S2
CHOKE
Dari contoh
Garis linier dari titik 0
dimuka,
Pwh
Q
ANALISIS NODAL
TUJUAN
Mendapatkan laju produksi optimum sumur dengan
melakukan evaluasi secara lengkap dan terintegrasi
pada sistem produksi sumur
SYARAT
Tersedia Inflow Performance (IPR)
Tersedia Outflow Performance (VLP-CP-HFP-SP)
Kehilangan Tekanan pada Sistem Sumur
P4 = (Pwh - Psep)
Gas
Sales line
Pwh Psep Liquid
Stock tank
Pwf Pwfs Pr Pe
Safety
Valve DP1 = Pr - Pwfs = Loss in Porous Medium
Pusv DP2 = Pwfs - Pwf = Loss across Completion
DP3 = Pur - Pdr = Loss across Restriction
DP4 = Pusv - Pdsv = Loss across Safety Valve
DP5 = Pwh - Pdsc = Loss across Surface Choke
Bottom Pdr DP6 = Pdsc - Psep = Loss in Flowline
Hole
Restriction Pur DP7 = Pwf - Pwh = Total Loss in Tubing
DP8 = Pwh - Psep = Total Loss in Flowline
_
Pwf Pwfs Pr Pe
ANALISIS NODAL
METODOLOGI
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Production rate, STB/D
Tubing Curve
3500
Tubing Curve
3000
Flowing bottomhole pressure, psi
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Production rate, STB/D
System Graph
3500
Inflow (Reservoir) Curve
Tubing Curve
3000
Flowing bottomhole pressure, psi
2500
1957.1 psi
2000
1500
1000
500
2111 STB/D
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Production rate, STB/D
Pengaruh Skin pada IPR
Inflow
Pressure at Node
(IPR)
Outflow
SKIN
10 5 0 -1 -3
qo a 1/ ln re +S
rw
Flowrate Note : Log effect
Pengaruh Penurunan
Tekanan Reservoir pada IPR
Reservoir with no pressure support
Inflow
Outflow
Flowrate
Pengaruh Diameter Tubing (Pipe)
pada Outflow
Inflow
(IPR)
Pressure at Node
Outflow
2 3/8”
2 7/8” 3 1/2”
4 1/2”
Flowrate (stb/d)
ANALISIS NODAL
Node di Choke
Node di Separator
Node .................
Node di Dasar Sumur Tanpa Choke
3500
3500
Gas
bottomholepressure,
2500
2500
2000
Sales line
2000
Horz. Perf.
Flowingbottomhole
1500
1500
Pwh Psep
Flowing
1000
1000
500
500
00
Liquid
Stock tank
00 500
500 1000
1000 1500
1500 2000
2000 2500
2500 3000
3000 3500
3500 4000
4000 4500
4500
Productionrate,
Production rate, STB/D
STB/D
3500
Inflow (Reservoir) Curve
Tubing Curve
3000
1957
2500
P1 = Pr - Pwfs = Loss
psi in reservoir
P3 = Pwf - Pwh 2000 P2 = Pwfs - Pwf = Loss across completion
P3 = Pwf - Pwh 1500 = Loss in tubing
P4 = Pwh - Psep 1000
= Loss in flowline
2111
500
PT = Pr - Psep STB/D
= Total pressure loss
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Production rate, STB/D
3500
3500
3000
3000
Inflow (Reservoir)
Inflow Curve
(Reservoir) Curve Pwf Pwfs Pr Pe
Flowing bottomhole pressure, psi
Flowing bottomhole pressure, psi
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
500500
Tubing Curve
3000 Tubing Curve
3000
Flowing bottomhole pressure, psi
Stock tank
Flowing bottomhole pressure, psi
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
3500
500
500
Inflow (Reservoir) Curve
0
00 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Tubing Curve
3000
1957
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Production rate, STB/D
Production rate, STB/D
2500
P1 = Pr - Pwfs = Loss
psi in reservoir
P3 = Pwf - Pwh 2000 P2 = Pwfs - Pwf = Loss across completion
P3 = Pwf - Pwh 1500 = Loss in tubing
P4 = Pwh - Psep 1000
= Loss in flowline
2111
500
PT = Pr - Psep STB/D
= Total pressure loss
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Production rate, STB/D
3500
3500
3000
3000
Inflow(Reservoir)
Inflow (Reservoir)Curve
Curve Pwf Pwfs Pr Pe
Flowing bottomhole pressure, psi
Flowing bottomhole pressure, psi
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
500
500
SUKSES
EMPAT TITIK NODAL DI
SUMUR SEMBUR ALAM
Pwf = Ps - q/PI
2000
Tubing intake
1500
Tekanan, Psi
IPR
1000
500
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Laju peoduksi, Bbl/d
Contoh soal analisa sistim nodal dengan titk nodal di dasar
Tentukan laju produksi yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan dasar sumur sebagai
titik nodal , dengan memperhitungkan kerapatan perforasi.
Penyelesaian
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000 Tubing
2 SPF
900
4 SPF
800 6 SPF
Tekanan, Psi
8 SPF
700
10 SPF
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Laju produksi, Bbl
Perpotongan antara kurva perbedaan tekanan di kaki
tubing dengan tekanan dipermukaan formasi produktif
dan kurva kehilangan tekanan diperforasi,menunjukan
laju produksi yang dihasilkan untuk setiap kerepatan
perforasi,yaitu sebagai berikut.
200 2000
400 1800
600 1600
800 1400
1000 1200
1500 700
3. Berdsarkan hasil perhitungan kehilangan tekanan sepanjang
pipa salur dan tubing untuk beberapa harga laju produksi,
( telah dihitung dicontoh soal sebelumnya)diperoleh tekanan
alir dasar sumur (dikaki tubing),sebagai berikut:
Q anggapan Pwh Pwf
1500 42 1840
4. Hitung perbedaan tekaan antara tekanan dipermkaan
formas produktif dengan tekanan dikaki tubing, sebagi
berikut:
Q Pwf Pwf Beda
(sandface) (Tubing) Tekanan
200 2000 750 1250
SPF A C D
4 700
6 760
8 800
10 820
Analisa nodal dengan titik nodal di dasar sumur diperforasi dan digravel pack
1500
1400
Tubing
1300
1200
2 SPF
1100 4 SPF
1000
6 SPF
900
8 SPF
Tekanan, Psi
800
700
10 SPF
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Laju alir, Bbl/d
Prosedur Analisa Sistem Nodal Untuk Titik Nodal
di Kepala Sumur
1500 700
5. Plot antara q terhadap Pwh pada kertas grafik
700
600
Aliran tegak
500
400
Tekanan, Psi
Aliran mendatar
300
200
100
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
1500 700 -
3. Plot antara q dan Pwh pada Gambar 3-6 ,kurva ini
adalah kurva tubing.
500
300 K
200
100
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
1000 180 -
4. Plot q terhadap P ins seperti gambar 3-7
700
600
500
Kurva flowline
Tekanan, Psi
400
300
200
100
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000