Antibiotik topikal

OBJEKT
IF
1. Memberi definisi ubatan
‘antibiotik topikal’.
2. Menyatakan tujuan/ indikasi ubat.
3. Menyatakan dos dan contoh ubat.
4. Menyatakan kaedah pemberian
ubat.
1. Menyatakan tindakan ubat.
2. Menerangkan kesan sampingan
dan kontraindikasi ubat.
3. Memberikan nasihat spesifik
dalam pengambilan ubat.
Antibiotik Topikal
 Antibiotik topikal

• Adalah ubat yang

digunakan untuk merawat
jangkitan bakteria topikal
(luaran).
 Tindakan

• Bacteriostatic (menghalang
pembiakan/ pertumbuhan
bakteria)
• Bactericidal (membunuh
bakteria)
 Contoh ubat
• chloramphenicol
(Chloromycetin)
• chlortetracycline
(Aureomycin)
• neomycin (Neosporin)
• gentamycin (Garamycin)
• sulphacetamide (Albucid)
 1. chloramphenicol
(Chloromycetin 0.5% Eye Drop)
Category: C

• Broad spectrum.
• Bacteriostatic (prevent cell
replication)
• Mudah diserap ke dalam mata.
 Indication

• Jangkitan bakteria pada

mata
• Konjunctivitis - semua
peringkat umur
• Blepharitis
• Abrasi kornea - pencegahan
 Dose
• 1-2 titis setiap 3-4 jam
• Kurangkan kekerapan (bila
infeksi terkawal)
• Sambung rawatan selama 48
jam selepas sembuh (1-2 titis
qid)
 2. chloramphenicol
(Chloromycetin 1% Eye Oinment)
Category: C

• Broad spectrum ( gram negatif

dan gram positif)
• Bacteriostatic (halang replikasi
sel)
• Mudah diserap ke dalam mata.
 Indication

• Jangkitan bakteria pada mata

• Konjunctivitis - semua
peringkat umur
• Blepharitis(inflamasi eye lid)
• Abrasi kornea - pencegahan
 Dos
• Gunakan½ ointment kedalam
sudut conjunctiva malam
( sekiranya ubat titis mata
digunakan siang hari)
• Gunakan ½ ointment kedalam
sudut konjuntiva tid-qid (jika
hanya digunakan ointment
sahaja)
 Kesan sampingan

• Allergic
– Irritation, burning, itching, urticaria
• Superinfection
• Bone marrow hypoplasia (long
term)
• Aplastic anemia (long term)
 Contraindication
• Allergic to chloramphenicol
Cautious
• Renal/ hepatic failure
• G6PD
deficiency(enzyme
glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase)
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
 3. chlortetracycline
(Aureomycin 1% Eye Oinment)
Category: B

• Broad spectrum.
• Bacteriostatic
• Berkesan terhadap organisma
Gram +ve dan Gram –ve.
 Indikasi

• Jangkitan bakteria superficial

pada mata (gram +ve & -ve
termasuk trachoma)
• Infeksi eyelid
 Dose

• Apply 1 drop tid-qid (if eye

oinment used alone)
 Kesan sampingan
• Allergic
– Irritation, burning, itching, urticaria
• Superinfection

Contraindication
• Allergic to chlortetracycline
 4. neomycin
(Neosporin Eye Drop)
Category: B

• Sering digunakan bersama

kortikosteroid.
• Bactericidal (menyekat
sentesis protin, dan
memusnahkan dinding sel).
 Indication

• Superficial bacterial infection

of the eye (gram -ve)
 Dose

• 1-2 drops bid-qid

• Severe infection: 1-2 drops
every 15-30 mins
Kesan Sampingan

• Urticaria
• Itching
• Irritation
• Pain
• Dermatitis
• Rash
 Contraindication

• Allergic to neomycin
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
 5. gentamycin
(Garamycin 0.3% Eye Drop)

Category: A

• Bactericidal (Inhibit protein

synthesis, destroy bacterial
cell wall).
 Indication
• Superficial bacterial
infection of the eye
(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Dose
• 1-2 drops bid-qid
 6. Gentamycin
(Garamycin Eye Oinment)
Category: A

• Bactericidal (Inhibit protein

synthesis, destroy bacterial
cell wall).
 Indication
• Superficial bacterial infection
of the eye (Pseudomonas
aeruginosa)

Dose
• Apply into the conjunctival
sac tid-qid
 Kesan Sampingan

• Transient irritation
• Burning
• Stinging(rasa pedih)
• Itching
• Dermatitis
• Superinfection
 Contraindication
• Allergic to gentamycin

Cautious
• Contact lens users
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
 7. sulphacetamide
(Albucid 10% Eye Drop)
Category: B

• Bakteriostatik
 Indication
• Mild infection of conjunctiva
• Eyelid infection
• Industrial eye injuries
 Dose
• Apply 1-2 drops every 2-6
hours

Kesan Sampingan
• Iritation
• Itching
• Dermatitis
 Contraindication
• Allergic to sulphacetamide
Interactions
• Not found
Anti-Viral Topikal
 Antibiotik topikal

• Adalah ubat yang

digunakan untuk
merawat jangkitan virus
pada mata.
 Tindakan

• Mengganggu pembiakan
virus dengan mengubah sintesis
DNA.
 Contoh ubat

• acyclovir (Zovirax)
 1. acyclovir
(Zovirax 3% Eye Oinment)
Category: A*

Indication
• Herpes Simplex
keratitis
 Dose

• Applied 1cm into conjunctival

sac 5 times/day.
• Continue for about 3 days
after healing.
 Kesan Sampingan
• Iritation
• Inflammation
• Edema of eyelids
• Allergic reactions
• photophobia
Contraindication
• Allergic to drugs

Interactions
• Not found
 Soalan
1. Berikan definisi serta terangkan
cara tindakan Antibiotik topikal?
2. Senaraikan ubat-ubat Antibiotik
topikal?
3. Nyatakan kesan sampingan
serta kontraindikasi ubat
Antibiotik topikal?