& BAKERY
TPG 282 3(2-3)-P
2 STRUKTUR SEREALIA
5 PENYIMPANAN SEREALIA
6 PENGGILINGAN KERING
7 PENGGILINGAN BASAH
8 REVIEW
9 UTS
SRR Pertiwi 2016
MG KE MATERI
Buckwheat Amaranth
Wheat Rice Rhubarb Quinoa
Rye Corn Spinach
Barley Millet
Triticale Sorghum
Job’s Tears
Ragi
Teff
Wild Rice
Oats
Kasarda (2003)
SRR Pertiwi 2016
TAKSONOMI SEREALIA (Gramineae/Poaceae)
KINGDOM : Plantae (tumbuhan)
PHYLUM : Magnoliophyta (tumbuhan berbunga)
CLASS : Liliopsida (monokotil)
ORDER : Cyperales (rumput-rumputan/grasses/sedges)
FAMILY : Poaceae
Oryzeae - rice
Tripsaceae - corn
Kasarda (2003)
SRR Pertiwi 2016
A: Oats (Avena sativa)
B: Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
C: Gandum (Triticum aestivum)
D: Rye (Secale cereale)
Sumber: Hoseney
(1994).
Gambar: HGCA (2009).
HRSSRR Pertiwi
HRW2016 SRW WW DW
Jenis Gandum Australia
KADAR
NO JENIS PROTEIN PENGGUNAAN
(%)
1 Australian Prime Hard APH 13-15 roti
2 Australian Hard No. 1 AH 11.5-14 roti
No. 2 11.0-13
3 Australian Standard ASW 9.5-12 soft wheat
White products
4 Australian Soft AS protein soft wheat
rendah products
5 Australian Durum No. 1 AD 13.0 produk pasta
No. 2 11.5
6 Australian General AGP
Purpose
7 Australian Feed AF makanan ternak
gandum durum
CARYOPSIS
BIJI (SEED) KULIT BIJI:
(KERNEL/
(92.5%) • SEED COAT (TESTA):
GRAIN) • CUTICULA LUAR
• PIGMEN
• CUTICULA DALAM
• NUCELLAR TISSUE (EPIDERMIS/HYALINE LAYER)
ENDOSPERM:
• ALEURON (1 LAPIS SEL)
• STARCHY ENDOSPERM (82.5%):
• PERIPHERAL (1 LAPIS SEL, KECIL BERATURAN)
LEMBAGA • PRISMATIC (BEBERAPA LAPIS SEL,
(EMBRYO/GERM) BESAR BERATURAN)
(2.5-3.5%) • SENTRAL (BEBERAPA LAPIS SEL,
UKURAN & BENTUK TIDAK BERATURAN)
Sumber: Hoseney (1994). SRR Pertiwi 2016
Perbedaan Gandum Keras & Lunak
NO VARIABEL GANDUM KERAS GANDUM LUNAK
1 Dinding sel Tebal Tipis
(pentosan, Daya serap air tinggi Daya serap air
hemiselulosa, rendah
β-glukan
2 1st point fracture Dinding sel Isi sel
3 Ikatan protein-pati Kuat, kompak Lemah
4 Granula pati Mudah pecah Utuh
5 Kenampakan Vitreous/horny/ Opaque/mealy/
translucent floury/white berry
6 Rongga udara Tidak ada (sedikit) Ada (banyak)
Sumber: Hoseney (1994).
Testa dan hyaline 15.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 51.3 11.1 8.1 177
Endosperm dalam 8.0 1.6 72.6 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.5 348
Klasifikasi:
Famili : Gramineae
Spesies : Zea mays L.
Varietas dominan 1800-an:
1) Virginia Gourd seed
2) Northeastern Flints
Varietas jagung paling produktif di dunia: Corn Belt Dents
SRR Pertiwi 2016
JAGUNG/CORN/MAIZE
Tipe Jagung: Jagung:
Bagian-bagian
Hull/bran
Dent, Flint,(pericarp+seed
flour, sweet, pop,
coat,pod.
5-6%)
Endosperm (80-85%)
Lembaga (10-14%)
Ukuran:
Tip cap
W.250-300 mg (serealia paling besar)
Penyimpanan:
Warna:
Kadar air 15%.merah, coklat, biru, ungu.
Putih, kuning,
Corn Field
• Usage: oatmeal, rolled
oats, livestock feed.
• Endosperm contains the
highest lipids compared
other cereals.
• Oats are health food (
cholesterol-lowering
properties).