Kelompok 6 :
1.Diyon Mustiko
2.Moch. Syarifudin
3.Moch. Abdul Rokhim
4.Roike Dian Saputra
5.Setyono
6.Whendy Aprilian A
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Diagram Fasa/diagram kesetimbangan fasa
(Equilibrium phase diagram)
Pada umumnya logam tidak berdiri sendiri atau keadaan murni,
tetapi lebih banyak dalam keadaan dipadu atau logam paduan
dengan kandungan unsur-unsur tertentu sehingga struktur yang
terdapat dalam keadaan setimbang pada temperatur dan tekanan
tertentu akan berlainan.
Fasa = bagian homogen dari suatu sistem yang memiliki sifat fisik
dan kimia yang seragam.
Jenis pemaduan:
1. Unsur logam + unsur logam
Contoh: Cu + Zn; Cu + Al; Cu + Sn. 4
Contoh-contoh pemaduan:
Water Alcohol
Oil
Water
Solution
Sugar
Saturated Syrup
Water
Excess Sugar
Next
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Pemaduan terjadi akibat adanya
susunan atom sejenis ataupun ada
distribusi atom yang lain pada
susunan atom lainnya.
Jika ditinjau dari posisi atom-atom Cu
yang larut, diperoleh dua jenis
larutan padat: Ni
Temperature (°C)
(liquid)
Question: What is the 60 +
solubility limit at 20°C? L
40 (liquid solution S
i.e., syrup) (solid
20 sugar)
0 20 40 6 065 8 0 10 0
Answer: 65wt% sugar C o =Composition (wt% sugar)
Water
Sugar
Pure
Pure
If Co < 65wt% sugar: syrup
If Co > 65wt% sugar: syrup + sugar
80 L
(liquid)
Temperature (°C)
• water-
sugar 60 +
L S
system (liquid solution
40 (solid
i.e., syrup) sugar)
20 A(70, 20 )
2 phases
0
0 20 40 60 70 80 10 0
C o =Composition (wt% sugar)
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Cooling Curve for Pure Metal
(a)
FIG. 3-50 (1) Heat pure metal to point Ta; (2) cooling of liquid metal a – b; (3) at
point b, pure metal starts to precipitate out of solution; (4) point c, pure metal
completely solid; curve from b to c straight horizontal line showing constant
temperature Tb-c because thermal energy absorbed in change from liquid to solid; (5)
more cooling of solid pure metal from c to d and temperature begins to fall again. 14
Cooling Curve for Pure Iron
(b)
FIG. 3-54 Allotropic forms of iron (three phases: bcc, fcc, bcc)
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Cooling Curve for a Metal Alloy
(c)
FIG. 3-50 (c) Cooling curve for a metal alloy: (1) The alloy A-B heated to point a
(liquid phase, with both metals soluble in each other); (2) cooling of alloy in liquid
phase; (3) point b, solidification begins; (4) point c, solidification complete; sloped
b – c due to changing from liquid to solid over the temperature range Tb to Tc
because components A and B have different melting/cooling temperatures; (5)
further cooling from c to d of solid-state metal alloy. 17
Klasifikasi Diagram Kesetimbangan Fasa
1. Larut sempurna dalam keadaan cair dan padat.
2. Larut sempurna dalam keadaan cair, tidak larut dalam keadaan
padat (reaksi eutektik).
3. Larut sempurna dalam keadaan cair, larut sebagian dalam keadaan
padat (reaksi eutektik).
4. Larut sempurna dalam keadaan cair, larut sebagian dalam keadaan
padat (reaksi peritektik).
5. Larut sempurna dalam keadaan cair, tidak larut dalam keadaan
padat dan membentuk senyawa.
6. Larut sebagian dalam keadaan cair (reaksi monotektik).
7. Tidak larut dalam keadaan cair maupun padat.
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1. Larut sempurna dalam keadaan cair dan padat
b. Perbedaan ukuran atom kedua unsur tidak boleh lebih dari 15%.
Contoh klasik untuk jenis diagram fasa ini adalah diagram fasa
Cu-Ni.
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T(°C) • 2 phases:
160 0 • 2– phases:
L (liquid)
– (FCC solid solution)
L (liquid)
150 0 L (liquid) • 2 lines (phase boundaries):
(FCC
– The solidline
liquidus solution)
(L/L+)
140 0 • 3– phase fields:
The solidus line (/L+)
L fields:
• 3 phase
130 0 – LL+
– L+
120 0 –
150 0 L (liquid)
• contoh: i d us
u
B(1250,35)
140 0 liq us
l id
A (1100°C, 60wt% Ni): so
130 0 +
1 phase: L (FCC solid
120 0 solution)
B (1250°C, 35wt% Ni):
2 phases: L + 110 0 A(1100,60)
100 0
0 20 40 60 80 10 0 wt% Ni
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Aturan kaidah lengan/the lever arm rule
ws wo wo wl
L x100% S x100%
ws wl ws wl
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• aturan 2: jika diketahui T dan Co, maka
– akan diketahui komposisi dari fasa T(°C)
160 0
150 0 L (liquid)
s
u i du
B(1250,35)
140 0 liq us
lid
so
• contoh: C0 = 35 wt%Ni 130 0
L +
(FCC solid
120 0 solution)
At TA: 110 0 A(1100,60)
At TB: 120 0 L+ D (solid)
TD
Both and L
CL = CLiquidus = 32 wt%Ni 20 3 032 35 4 0 43 50
C LC o C wt% Ni
C = CSolidus = 43 wt%Ni 23
wl (32%) wo(35%) ws(43%)
43 35 35 32
L x100% S x100%
43 32 43 32
L 72,7% S 27,3%
Contoh lain: pada wo= 53% Ni
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% fasa cair dan padat:
wl (45%) wo(53%) ws(58%)
58 53 53 45
L x100% S x100%
58 45 58 45
L 38% S 62%
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Example: Determine the phase(s) that are present
and the composition of the phase(s)
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(L)
(1) Determine the
phase(s) that are
present
60 wt% Ni-40 wt
% Cu at 1100°C
Point A:
phase
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(2) Determine the
composition of each
phase
C = C0 = 60 wt% Ni
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(L)
(1) Determine the
phase(s) that are
present
Point B
+ L phases
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(2) Determine the
composition of each
phase
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Tie Line
31.5 35 42.5
CL C 0 C
Composition (wt% Ni)
• 35 wt% Ni-65 wt% Cu at 1250°C (Point B): in two phase ( + L) region
Draw a tie line
Composition of a: intersection L/+L — C = 42.5wt% Ni
Composition of L: intersection /+L — CL = 31.5 wt% Ni
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Equilibrium Cooling in a Cu-Ni Binary System
• Consider T(°C) L (liquid) L: 35wt%Ni
Co = 35wt%Ni
• Upon cooling 130 0 A +
L: 35wt%Ni L
–L : 46wt%Ni B
35wt% 32wt% 32
35
C 46
24wt% 43
– 24 D L: 32wt%Ni
36
46wt% 43wt% : 43wt%Ni
120 0
L + E
36wt% L: 24wt%Ni
– Equilibrium cooling : 36wt%Ni
Sufficiently slow (solid)
cooling rate gives
enough time for 110 0
composition 20 30 35 40 50
readjustments Co wt% Ni
32