( BAHAN CETAK )
Sumadhi S
Dept. Ilmu Material dan Teknologi Ked Gigi
FKG - USU
IMPRESSION MATERIALS
( BAHAN CETAK )
bahan untuk mendapatkan cetakan gigi atau jaringan mulut
GIGI TIRUAN
GTC GTL
PARTIAL FULL
PESAWAT
ORTHODONTI RA,RB,RA/RB
TAMBALAN
INLAY
IMPRESSION TAKING
(MENCETAK)
GIGI/MULUT
MENCETAK
- SENDOK CETAK
CETAKAN
(SPOON/TRAY)
(NEGATIVE REPRODUCTION)
- BAHAN CETAK
↓
MENGISI CETAKAN
(POURING)
-GYPS
-↓
MODEL/CAST/DIE
(POSITIVE REPRODUCTION)
IMPRESSION MATERIALS
( BAHAN CETAK )
Syarat-syarat bahan cetak:
I. IMPRESSION COMPOUND
THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL
Panas Lunak Dingin Keras
( api, air panas )
# bengkok/ distorsi melalui daerah undercut
# mencetak bagian – bagian non undercut
# cetakan yang tidak memerlukan ketepatan
# soft tissue displacement
Komposisi
• Thermal conductivity
* penghantar panas yang rendah
* pelunakan dipijit-pijit
1. IMPRESSION COMPOUND
• Softening dan flow
pelunakan dan daya alir
Dimensional Accuracy
dan Stability
• Contoh
A. Stentz
Merk : Palgat, Parribar, Xantingen
B. Green Kerr
tray compound
untuk mencetak Inlay atau Crown
II. IMPRESSION PLASTER
/IMPRESSION GYPS
RIGID
• Komposisi
Plaster of Paris + Modifiers
Starch Potatoes
• Setting Time : 3 – 5’
• Setting Expansion : 0.06 %
II. IMPRESSION PLASTER
/IMPRESSION GYPS
• Sifat Fisis
Brittle SUSUN KEMBALI
• Separating Medium :
- Lacquer
- Air Sabun
• Kegunaan :
- FULL DENTURE
III. Zn Oxide Eugenol
Imp. Paste
• Kemasan
• Keuntungan:
- Adhesi pd. Tray
(Compound Resin , Shellac base)
- Retest / penambahan bila kurang
- Waktu kerja sesuai
- Akurat / stability dimensional baik
- Separating medium : No.
- Flow baik
III. Zn Oxide Eugenol
Imp. Paste
• Komposisi
Base Materials Accelerator
ZnO ( 30 % ) Oil of cloves/ Eugenol ( 56 % )
Rosin ( 14 % ) Gumrosin ( 16 % )
MgCl ( 1% Olive oil ( 16 % )
Air Linseed oil ( 6%)
Light mineral oil ( 6%)
• Setting time
• - Ratio Zn Oxide dengan Eugenol
• - Petunjuk pabrik
• - ST cepat : ( + ) Zn Oxide paste
• - Temperatur
• - Temp. mulut : ↑
• - Air - Mempercepat
III. Zn Oxide Eugenol
Imp. Paste
• Penggunaan
- Afdruk fisiologis u/ Full prothesa
- Relining sementara
ELASTIC IMPRESSION
MATERIALS
Fasa
Gelatin/Agar
rantai/fibril/micelles
ikatan
cabang-cabang
Secondary Molecular Forces
ikatan
Reaksi chemis
struktur timbunan brush
IV.1. Agar Reversible
Hydrocolloids Imp. Mat.
beda : Hysterisis
IV.1. Agar Reversible
Hydrocolloids Imp. Mat.
• Komposisi
Agar 13-17% polysaccharide,
tumb.laut (algae)
Borax 0.2-0.5% strength,
viscosity
Sulfates 1.0-2.0%
Wax, hard 0.5-1.0%
Thicotropic mat. 0.3-0.5%
Water secukupnya
IV.1. Agar Reversible
Hydrocolloids Imp. Mat.
IV.1. Agar Reversible
Hydrocolloids Imp. Mat.
IV.1. Agar Reversible
Hydrocolloids Imp. Mat.
• Dimensional stability
Syneresis
Imbibisi
control : (+) garam-garam
humidity lingkungan
IV.1. Agar Reversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
• Pemanipulasian
- duplikasi
-stone model → investment gips model
(metal framework)
Komposisi
Agar 2.6%
Borax 0.2%
Potasium Sulfate 2.0%
Preservative 2.0%
Glycerine 35%
Water 60%
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
Irreversible
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
Origin :
• Algae → Alginate acid → Ca, K, NH4 alginate
Kimiawi :
Copolymer anhydro β-d mannuronic acid
anhydro β-d guluronic acid
BM tinggi
mannuronan → weak, elastis gel
guluronnan → strong, brittle gel
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
• Komposisi weight %
• - Pottasium alginate 18
• - Calcium sulfate dehydrate 14
• - Pottasium sulfate 10
• - Sodium phosphate 2
• - Diatomaceous earth
• atau silicate powder 56
• - Organic glycols sedikit
• - Wintergreen, peppermint sedikit
• - Pigments sedikit
• - Disinfectants 1-2
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
• Komposisi Function
• - Pottasium alginate react with Ca ions
• - Calcium sulfate dehydrate react with K alg
• - Pottasium sulfate inhibit react, smooth
• - Sodium phosphate react w/ Ca ion,
• retarder
• - Diatomaceous earth
• atau silicate powder consistency
• - Organic glycols dustless powder
• - Wintergreen, peppermint pleasant taste
• - Pigments color
• - Disinfectants disinfection
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
• 2Na3PO4 + 3CaSO4 → Ca3(PO4)2 + 3Na2SO4 (1)
Atau
• Setting time
• P/W ratio ↑ ST ↓
• Temperature ↑ ST ↓
IV.2. Alginate Irreversible
Hydrocolloids Imp Mat
• Dimensional stability
• Disinfection
• - hepatitis B
• - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
• - herpes simplex
• Main Paste :
• Sodium alginate 5 wt.%
• Diatomaceous earth 8 wt.%
• Distilled water 75 wt.%
• Locust bean gum 12 wt.%
• Setting Paste :
• Calcium sulfate hemihydrate 50 wt.%
• Liquid paraffin 49.5 wt.%
• Polybutene 0.5 wt.%
V. Elastomer Imp Mat
Rubber Base Imp Mat
• Consistencies
• Several consistencies
• Polysulfide : - low (syringe or wash)
• - medium (regular)
• - high (tray)
• Addition silicone : 3 + - extra low
• - monophase
• - putty (extra-high)
• Condensation silicone : - low
• -putty
• Polyether : - low
• - medium
• - high
V. Elastomer Imp Mat
• Mixing system
• Hand mixing
• Static automixing
• Dynamic mechanical mixing
V. Elastomer Imp Mat
• Disinfection
• Akurasi
• Ability to record detail
• Ease of handling
• Setting characteristic
– Polymerization continued
V. 1. Elastomer Imp Mat
Polysulfide
• Composition
• Base Weight(%)
• Polysulfide polymer 80-85
• Titanium dioxide, zinc 16-18
• sulfate, copper carbonate
• or silica
• Accelerator
• Lead dioxide 60-68
• Dibutyl/dioctyl phthalate 30-35
• Sulfur 3
• Mg stearate, deodorants 2
V. 1. Elastomer Imp Mat
Polysulfide
V. 1. Elastomer Imp Mat
Polysulfide
V. 1. Elastomer Imp Mat
Polysulfide
V. 2. Elastomer Imp Mat
Condensation Silicone
• Composition
• Base
– Polydimethyl siloxane (hydroxy-terminated)
– Colloidal silica/metal oxide filler
– Color pigments
• Accelerator
– Orthoethyl silicate – cross linking
– Stannous octoate - catalyst
V. 2. Elastomer Imp Mat
Condensation Silicone
• Reaction
• Properties
– Pleasant color and odor
– Excellent reproduction of surface details
– Dimensional stability
• High curing shrinkage (0.4-0.6%)
• Shrinkage due to evaporation of ethyl alcohol
• Permanent deformation high 1-3%
– Hydrophobic
V. 3. Elastomer Imp Mat
Addition Silicone
V. 3. Elastomer Imp Mat
Addition Silicone
• Composition
• Base
– Poly (methyl hydrogen siloxane)
– Other siloxane prepolymers
– Fillers
• Accelerator
– Divinyl polysiloxane
– Other siloxane prepolymers
– Platinum salt – catalyst (chloroplatinic acid)
– Palladium or hydrogen absorber
– Retarders
– Fillers
V. 3. Elastomer Imp Mat
Addition Silicone
V. 3. Elastomer Imp Mat
Addition Silicone
V. 3. Elastomer Imp Mat
Addition Silicone
V. 3. Elastomer Imp Mat
Addition Silicone
• Reaction
• Pt salt
– Vinylsiloxane + Silane siloxane →
– Silicone rubber
– No by product
V. 3. Elastomer Imp Mat
Addition Silicone
• Properties
– Pleasant color and odor
– Excellent reproduction of surface details
– Best dimensional stability
• Low curing shrinkage (0.17%)
• Lowest permanent deformation 0.05-0.3%
– Extremely hydrophobic
V. 1. Elastomer Imp Mat
Polyether
V. 1. Elastomer Imp Mat
Polyether
• Composition
• Base
– Polyether polymer
– Colloidal silica filler
– Glycolether/phtalate plasticizer
• Accelerator
– Aromatic sulfonate ester cross linking agent
– Colloidal silica fillers
– Glycolether/phtalate plasticizer
• Accelerator
V. 1. Elastomer Imp Mat
Polyether
• Reaction
•
– Polyether + Sulfonic ester →
– Cross link rubber
– No by product
V. 1. Elastomer Imp Mat
Polyether
• Properties
– Pleasant color and odor
– Dimensional stability is very good
• Low curing shrinkage (0.24%)
• Low permanent deformation 1-2%
– Hydrophylic – change dimension
Cetakan
• Cetakan anatomis
– Cetakan gigi geligi, proc alveolaris, palatum secara
garis besar
• Cetakan fungsional
– Cetakan rahang dgn batas mucosa yang bergerak
dan tidak bergerak tercakup
Cara mencetak
• Posisi pasien
– Rileks, belakang kepala dan punggung terletak pada
satu garis
• Mencetak rahang atas
– Garis kamfer (Naso tragal/Naso auricular line) sejajar
lantai
– Mulut pasien setinggi bahu operator
– Operator berdiri dibelakang kanan pasien
• Mencetak rahang bawah
– Garis mulut ke tragus sejajar lantai
– Mulut pasien setinggi siku operator
– Operator berdiri didepan kanan pasien
Cara mencetak
• Rahang atas
– Tangan kanan memegang sendok cetak
– Jari kiri membuka ujung mulut sebelah kiri
– Sendok cetak dimasukan dari sudut mulut kanan secara
berputar sampai gagang sendok cetak segaris dengan hidung
pasien
– Sendok cetak ditekan pada regio depan kmd belakang sampai
sejajar dgn lantai
– Naikan bahan cetak ke bagian fornix pada daerah vestibulum
– Bibir atas ditarik kebawah dan lepas kembali
– Operator kedepan kanan pasien dan menahan sendok cetak
dengan ibu jari dan jari tengah
– Tunggu 2-3 menit sampai bahan mengeras
– Sendok cetak dikeluarkan sejajar dengan sumbu gigi
Cara mencetak
• Rahang bawah
– Tangan kanan memegang sendok cetak
– Jari kiri membuka ujung mulut sebelah kanan
– Sendok cetak dimasukan dari sudut mulut kiri secara berputar sampai gagang
sendok cetak segaris dengan hidung pasien
– Sendok cetak ditekan pada regio depan kmd belakang sampai sejajar dgn
lantai
– Masukan bahan cetak ke bagian fornix pada daerah vestibulum
– Bibir bawah ditarik keatas dan lepas kembali
– Operator menahan sendok cetak dengan ibu jari dan jari tengah
– Tunggu 2-3 menit sampai bahan mengeras
– Sendok cetak dikeluarkan sejajar dengan sumbu gigi
Cetakan yang baik