Reen Perniagaan
Reen Perniagaan
3
PENETAPA
N HARGA
Penetapan Harga
● Harga ialah nilai pertukaran dalam
bentuk wang bagi sesuatu produk atau
perkhidmatan yang dipersetujul oleh
penjual dan pembeli dalam suatu urus
niaga.
● Penting untuk mencapai matlamat
organisasi dalam memaksimumkan
keuntungan serta meningkatkan hasil
Faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi penetapan harga
Faktor Dalaman
1) Objektif pemasaran adalah penakatan
-Objektif yang Ingin dicapai oleh perniagaan dalam penetapan harga berdasarkan
sama ada penakatan, memaksimumkan keuntungan, memimpin pasaran atau
memimpin kualiti produk
2) Strategi pemasaran
-Harga produk yang ditetapkan harus mengambil kira reka bentuk produk, jenis
produk dan kualiti produk, bentuk pengedaran serta jenis promosi yang dijalankan
-Produk yang berkualiti dan berjenama diletakkan harga tinggi manakala produk
Faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi
3. Kospenetapan harga 4. Pertimbangan organisasi
Harga yang diletakkan oleh perniagaan -Dalam organisasi besar, harga
mestilah dapat meliputi semua kos yang ditentukan oleh pengurusan sesebuah
erlibat supaya memperoleh keuntungan. organisasi, manakala dalam organisasi
kecil, harga ditentukan oleh pemilik
Perniagaan harus menghitung semua kos perniagaan.
pengeluaran yang terlibat, ialtu kos tetap
dan berubah sebelum menetapkan harga -Jabatan penetapan harga jualan
produk. Harga mestilah mungkin diwujudkan jika sesuatu
dapat menampung semua kos yang terlibat produk sentiasa mendapat persaingan
seperti harga yang hebat di pasaran.
pengeluaran, pengagihan dan promosi
produk -Harga sesuatu produk yang ditetapkan
agar dapat keuntungan. oleh sesebuah organisasi iaitu sama ada
melaku pengurusan atasan atau
Faktor luaran
1) Keadaan pasaran dan permintaan
-Keadaan ekonomi yang baik dan permintaan yang tinggi membenarkan
pemasar meletakkan harga yang bersesuaian dengan kuasa beli pengguna.
Manakala dalam keadaan ekonomi yang meleset memberi kesan kepada kos
pengeluaran dan persepsi pengguna terhadap nilai dan harga. Penetapan harga
juga bergantung kepada jenis pasaran produk tersebut dipasarkan:
2) Persaingan
- Persaingan yang wujud perlu diambil kira oleh pemasar sebelum menetapkan harga
produk
-Harga produk yang dikenakan akan mempengaruhi penetapan harga yang akan dibuat
oleh pemasar kerana pemasar perlu membandingkan harga dengan kualiti produk
Pasaran oligopoli
▪︎Penetapan harga adalah sensitif dalam kalangan penjual yang sedikit dalam pasaran.
✓ Penurunan harga akan diikuti oleh pesaing lain tetapi kenaikan harga tidak aka
diikuti oleh pesaing.
✓ Hanya terdapat penjual tunggal dalam pasaran. Oleh itu, penjual mempuny
kebebasan untuk menetapkan harga produk yang dapat memberikan keuntungan lebi
kepada syarikat contohnya dalam industri kuasa dan tenaga
2) Persaingan
3) Faktor Persekitaran
- Persekitaran sosiobudaya dan perundangan menentukan tingkat
harga yang boleh ditetapkan oleh pemasar.
—SOMEONE FAMOUS
01
NAME OF
THE SECTION
You can enter a subtitle
here if you need it
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Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun
Maybe you need to
divide the content
Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name, is the
Sun and the smallest one in the second planet from the Sun and its
Solar System—it’s only a bit larger atmosphere is extremely poisonous
than the Moon
Maybe you need to divide the content
Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest Saturn is the only planet
planet to the Sun with rings
Venus Mars
Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars is
name, but it’s hot a cold place
You can use three
Jupiter
columns, why not? It’s the biggest planet in the
Solar System and the
fourth-brightest object in
the sky
Mars Saturn
Mars is a cold place. It’s full Saturn is a gas giant and the
of iron oxide dust, which only planet with rings. It’s
gives the planet its reddish composed of hydrogen and
cast helium
You can use five columns, why not?
Mars Venus
Despite being red, Mars Venus has a beautiful
is a cold place name, but it’s hot
You can use three columns, why not?
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place
Saturn
Saturn is the only planet
with rings
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
A picture always
reinforces
the concept
Images reveal large
amounts of data, so
remember: use an image
instead of long texts
A picture always
reinforces the concept
Images reveal large amounts
of data, so remember: use an
image instead of long texts
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
AWESOM Becaus
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are gre words
a
catchin t for
36%
12%
Neptune Venus
Neptune is the Venus has a
farthest planet from beautiful name, but
the Sun it’s hot
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
This is a graph
Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful name,
planet to the Sun but it’s hot
Mars Saturn
Despite being red, Mars is a Saturn is the only planet
cold place with rings
You can use two columns
Mars
Mars is a cold place. It’s full of iron
oxide dust, which gives the planet
its reddish cast
Jupiter
It’s the biggest planet in the Solar
System and the fourth-brightest
object
How about the percentages?
30% 15
Mercury is the %
Despite being red,
closest planet to the Mars is a cold place
Sun
22% 45%
Saturn is a gas Venus has a
giant and the planet beautiful name, but
with rings it’s hot
How about the percentages?
30% 70%
Mercury is the closest Despite being red,
planet to the Sun Mars is a cold place
This is a graph
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Venus Saturn
Venus has a Saturn is the only
beautiful name, but planet with rings.
it’s hot It’s made of gas
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the
new one here. For more info, click here
This is a graph
26% Mars 24%
Mercury
Mercury is the Despite being red,
closest planet to the Mars is a very cold
Sun place
Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest Saturn is the only planet
planet to the Sun with rings
2019
Saturn
Infographics make your idea understandable…
Mercury
Jack Bright 10 7 6 10
Anna
8 9 10 7
Connor
Burt Light 9 8 7 10
Carmen Blue 7 10 8 6
This is a map
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s terribly
hot
This is a map
Mercury Mars
Mercury is the Despite being red,
closest planet Mars is cold
Saturn Venus
Saturn is the planet Venus has a
with rings beautiful name
A timeline always works well
984,263 174,96+
Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is the only planet
planet of them all with rings
Reinforce the concept using infographics!
04 MARS 01
Mars is a
cold place
VENUS JUPITER
Venus is terribly Jupiter is the
hot biggest planet
EARTH
Earth
harbors life
03 02
Reinforce the concept using
infographics!
Mercury Mars
Mercury is the Despite being red,
smallest planet Mars is cold
Saturn Venus
Saturn is the only Venus has a
planet with rings beautiful name
Our services
01 02 03
Saturn Venus Mercur
Saturn is the only Venus has a y is the
Mercury
planet with rings beautiful name smallest planet
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