PERADABAN ISLAM PADA MASA DINASTI

ABBASIYAH

KEL 1
AHMAD RAFIQ
AHMAD RIFAI
YOGI PRATAMA
CIKAL ASMIATHA
PUTRI SHABRINA
SEJARAH LAHIRNYA DAULAH ABBASIYAH

Berdirinya Daulah Abbasiyah tidak lepas dari faktor faktor runtuhnya Dinasti Umayyah.
Beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan dinasti Bani Umayyah lemah dan membawanya kepada
kehancuran :

1. Sistem pergantian khalifah melalui garis keturunan adalah sesuatu yang baru bagi tradisi
Arab yang lebih menekankan aspek senioritas. Pengaturannya tidak jelas.

2. Latar belakang terbentuknya dinasti Bani Umayyah tidak bisa dipisahkan dari konflik-
konflik politik yang terjadi di masa Ali. Sisa-sisa Syi’ah (para pengikut Ali) dan Khawarij terus
menjadi gerakan oposisi.
3. pertentangan etnis antara suku Arabia Utara (Bani Qays) dan Arabia Selatan
(Bani Kalb) yang sudah ada sejak zaman sebelum Islam, makin meruncing.

4. Lemahnya pemerintahan daulat Bani Umayyah juga disebabkan oleh sikap

hidup mewah di lingkungan istana.

5. Munculnya kekuatan baru yang dipelopori oleh keturunan al-Abbas ibn Abd
al-Muthalib. Gerakan ini mendapat dukungan penuh dari Bani Hasyim dan
golongan Syi’ah, dan kaum mawali yang merasa dikelas duakan oleh
pemerintahan Bani Umayyah.
Kepemimpinan Daulah Umayyah berakhir pada tahun 132 H (750 M) dengan wafatnya pemimpin terakhir
yaitu Khalifah Marwan bin Muhammad di Fustat, Mesir pada 132 H/750 M dan dengan demikian secara de
facto berdirilah kekuasaan Daulah Abbas atau Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah. Daulah Abbasiyah berkuasa selama
hampir enam abad (132-656 H/750-1258 M), didirikan oleh Abul Abbas As Saffah dibantu oleh Abu Muslim
Al Khurasani, seorang panglima Muslim yang berasal dari Khurasan, Persia dan Abu Ja’far Al Manshur
(754- 775 M) yang banyak berjasa dalam membangun pemerintahan Daulah Abbasiyah. Dinamakan Daulah
Abbasiyah karena para pendiri dan penguasa Daulah ini adalah keturunan Abbas paman Nabi Saw
KHALIFAH KHALIFAH DAULAH ABBASIYAH

Berikut ini adalah para khalifah yang memberikan peranan penting dalam perjalanan panjang Daulah
AbbasiyahAbul Abbas As-Saffah (750-754 M).

1. Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas (750-754), merupakan khalifah pertama
pemerintahan Daulah Abbasiyah. Abu al-Abbas adalah seorang revolusioner yang bisa menaungi kaum non
Muslim dan non Arab. Pada masa pemerintahannya, saat pasukan Abbasiyah menguasai Khurasan dan Irak,
dia keluar dari persembunyiannya dan dibaiat sebagai Khalifah pada tahun 132 H/ 749 M. Setelah itu dia
mengalahkan Marwan bin Muhammad dan mengakhiri pemerintahan Daulah Umayyah pada tahun yang
sama. Abul Abbas Daulah wafat pada tahun 136 H/753 M dalam usia yang masih sangat muda.
2. Abu Ja’far Al-Manshur (754-775) menjadi khalifah kedua Daulah Abbasiyah. Adapun yang pertama kali dilakukan Khalifah
Abu Ja’far Al-Manshur setelah dibaiat menjadi Khalifah pada 136 H/754 M adalah mengatur politik dan siasat pemerintahan
Daulah Abbasiyah. Jalur-jalur pemerintahan ditata rapi dan cermat, sehingga pada masa pemerintahannya terjalin kerjasama erat
antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah. Selama masa kepemimpinannya, kehidupan masyarakat berjalan tenteram, aman dan
makmur. Khalifah Abu Ja’far Al Manshur berangkat ke Makkah untuk menunaikan ibadah haji di penghujung tahun 158 H.
Namun dalam perjalanan ia sakit lalu meninggal dunia. Ia wafat dalam usia 63 tahun dan menjadi Khalifah selama 22 tahun.
Jenazahnya kemudian dibawa dan dikebumikan di Baghdad.

3. Muhammad Al-Mahdi bin al-Mansur (158 H/775 M-169 H/785 M) seorang yang sangat dermawan dan pemurah. Pada masa
pemerintahannya, kondisi dalam negeri saat itu sangat stabil. mencapai kemenangan-kemenangan atas orang-orang Romawi.
Dibantu anaknya, Harun Ar-Rasyid adalah panglima Penakluk Romawi. Muhammad Al-Mahdi meninggal pada tahun 169 H/785
M. Muhammad AlMahdi tercatat memerintah selama 10 tahun beberapa bulan.
4. Harun Al-Rasyid (170 H/786 M-193 H/809 M) Harun Al-Rasyid bin al-Mahdi adalah mutiara sejarah
Daulah Abbasiyah. Harun Al-Rasyid dikenal sebagai sosok yang sangat pemberani. Pada masa ke-khalifahan
Harun Al-Rasyid, dikenal sebagai masa keemasan Islam (The Golden Age of Islam), di mana saat itu Baghdad
04.
menjadi salah satu pusat ilmu pengetahuan dunia.Perhatian Khalifah Harun Al-Rasyid yang begitu besar
terhadap kesejahteraan rakyat serta kesuksesannya mendorong perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, tekonologi,
ekonomi, perdagangan, politik, wilayah kekuasaan, dan peradaban Islam. Pada masa Harun Al-Rasyid
bermunculan para ilmuwan-ilmuwan muslim yang hebat yang mempengaruhi dunia sains, diantaranya adalah
Al-Khawarizmi yang menulis kitab Al-Jabar dan Jabir Ibn Hayyan seorang pakar ilmu kimia (bapak kimia).
Saat dia wafat pada tahun 193 H/809 M negara dalam keadaan makmur dengan memiliki kekayaan 900 juta
dirham.
PERIODESASI KEPEMIMPINAN DAULAH ABBASIYAH

1. Periode pertama (750M-847M/ 132H-232H) Abu Abbas Daulah – Abu Ja’far Al Watsiq.
2. Periode kedua (847-945M/ 232H-334H) Al Mutawakil – Al Muktafi.
3. Periode ketiga (333H-381H/944-1031M) Al Muktafi – Al Qadir.
4. Periode keempat ( 447H-590H/1055-1194) Al Qayyim – An Nashir.
5. Periode kelima (590H-656H/1194M-1258M) Az zahir – Al musta’shim
 PENYEBARAN WILAYAH ISLAM PADA MASA DAULAH ABBASIYAH.
● Kota-kota besar menjadi pusat-pusat peradaban Islam, seperti Baghdad, Isfahan, Tabaristan, Ghasnah, Halab, Bukhara
dan lain sebagainya. erkembangan Islam pada masa pemerintah Daulah Abbasiyyah, meliputi sekitar kerajaan-kerajaan
Islam yang besar. Pada masa itu berdiri juga Daulah Umayyah di Andalusia yang dipimpin oleh Abdurrahman Ad-
Dakhil dan para penguasa keturunan Daulah Umayyah. Dengan adanya kekuasaan Islam selain Daulah Abbasiyah di
Andalusia (Eropa) berarti wilayah dakwah Islam semakin luas.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02
ABOUT US MARKET ANALYSIS
Here you could describe Here you could describe
the topic of the section the topic of the section
04 05
CONTENT PLAN BUDGET
Here you could describe Here you could describe
the topic of the section the topic of the section
03
GOALS & STRATEGY
Here you could describe
the topic of the section
06
KPI OVERVIEW
Here you could describe
the topic of the section
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
MISSION
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one

VISION
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet
 OUR HISTORY

Venus has a beautiful Jupiter is a gas giant

name, but it’s terribly and the biggest planet
hot

Saturn is composed Despite being red, Neptune is the

mostly of hydrogen Mars is a cold place, Fourth planet in our
not hot Solar System
 AUDIENCE DEMOGRAPHICS
GENDER AGE

25-35
35-45
75% 45% 45-55

PROFESSION
 TOP SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES

50% 75% 25%

Venus has a beautiful name, but Mercury is the closest planet to Neptune is the farthest planet
it’s hot the Sun from the Sun
BUYER PERSONA
AGE: 25-35 JOB: Publicist
GENDER: Female INCOME RANGE: $1500-$2000
STUDIES: Degree in Advertising MARITAL STATUS: SINGLE
LOCATION: Madrid, Spain HOBBIES: Sports
and social media

● Motivations
● Behavior
● Personality
● Interests
ANALYZING THE COMPETITION

Neptune is the farthest planet

from the Sun

Mercury is the closest planet

to the Sun

Despite being red, Mars is a

cold place, not hot
GOALS

VENUS MERCURY
Venus has a beautiful name, but Mercury is the closest planet to
it’s terribly hot the Sun

MARS JUPITER
Despite being red, Mars is a cold It’s a gas giant and the biggest
place, not hot planet
STRATEGY

STEP 1 STEP 3 STEP 5

Neptune is the Venus has a Mercury is the
farthest planet beautiful name closest planet

STEP 2 STEP 4
Jupiter is the Mars is a cold
biggest planet place, not hot
OUR AREAS OF EXPERTISE

VENUS MERCURY NEPTUNE

Venus has a beautiful name, but Mercury is the closest planet to Neptune is the farthest planet
it’s hot the Sun from the Sun
WHAT CONTENT ARE WE GOING
TO CREATE?
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun

Venus has a beautiful name,

but it’s terribly hot

Despite being red, Mars is a

cold place, not hot
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
 WHAT PLATFORMS ARE WE
GOING TO USE?

MERCURY VENUS MARS

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Despite being red,
planet name Mars is cold

JUPITER SATURN NEPTUNE

Jupiter is a gas giant Composed mostly of Neptune is the farthest
planet hydrogen planet
CONTENT SHARING PLAN

MASS DIAMETER GRAVITY

Mercury 0,06 0,38 0,38

Mars 0,11 0,53 0,38

Saturn 95,2 9,4 1,16

 CALENDAR

MARS
Posting Days
1 2 3 4 5 6
Campaign Launch
7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30
 SNEAK PEEK

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 05.
BUDGET
Here you could describe the
topic of the section
4,498,300,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 06.
KPI OVERVIEW
Here you could describe the
topic of the section
KPI OVERVIEW

TOTAL LEADS SALES-READY

5,408 408
Total of eads Sales-ready leads this
this month month

CUSTOMERS NEW REVENUE

408 $50
New customers this New revenue for this
month month
KPI OVERVIEW

MERCURY
29,4%
Mercury is the closest planet

58,8%
VENUS
Despite being red, Mars is cold
11,8%

MARS
Venus has a beautiful name
If you want to modify this graph, click on it, follow the
link, change the data and replace it
OUR TEAM
HELENA JAMES
You can replace the image on
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JENNA DOE
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the screen with your own
THANKS
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+91 620 421 838
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