SEJARAH

KERAJAAN
MATARAM
KUNO
Oleh kelompok 5
 AWAL BERDIRINYA
KERAJAAN MATARAM
KUNO
Kerajaan Mataram (Mataram Kuno atau Mataram Hindu
atau Kerajaan Medang) adalah kelanjutan dari Kerajaan
Kalingga di Jawa Tengah sekitar abad VIII, yang
berpindah-pindah sebanyak tujuh kali hingga sampai ke
Jawa Timur di abad ke X. Kerajaan ini didirikan Wangsa
Sanjaya di bawah kepemimpinan Rakai Mataram pada
tahun 732 M dengan periode berkuasa pada 732-760 M.
Kerajaan Mataram Kuno dikenal sebagai kerajaan yang toleran dalam hal
beragama. Sebab, di Kerajaan Mataram Lama berkembang agama Buddha dan
Hindu secara berdampingan. Kerajaan ini diperintah oleh dua dinasti, yaitu
Dinasti Sanjaya yang beragama Hindu dan Dinasti Syailendra yang beragama
Buddha.

Berdasarkan interpretasi terhadap prasasti-prasasti bahwa kedua dinasti itu saling

bersaing berebut pengaruh dan kadang-kadang memerintah bersama-sama. Asal
usul Dinasti Sanjaya tercantum dalam prasasti Canggal (732 M) yang
menyebutkan bahwa Sanjaya adalah keponakan Sanna (anak dari Sannaha).
Dinasti Syailendra sendiri tercantum dalam prasasti Sojomerto (tidak berangka
tahun), isinya menceritakan tentang Dapuntahyang Syailendra.
 KEHIDUPAN POLITIK KERAJAAN MATARAM
Pulau Jawa yang subur dan banyak menghasilkan gandum atau padi dan kaya akan
KUNO
tambang emas, yang mula-mula diperintah oleh Raja Sanna.
Setelah Raja Sanna meninggal, ia digantikan oleh Raja Sanjaya, anak saudara
perempuan Raja Sanna. Raja Sanjaya adalah seorang raja yang gagah berani yang telah
menaklukkan raja di sekelilingnya dan menjadikan kemakmuran bagi rakyatnya . Menurut
Carita Parahyangan (buku sejarah Pasundan).
Prasasti Kalasan (778 M) yang terdapat di sebelah timur Yogyakarta. Dalam prasasti itu
disebutkan Raja Panangkaran dengan nama Syailendra Sri Maharaja Dyah Pancapana
Rakai Panangkaran. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa raja-raja keturunan Sanjaya termasuk
keluarga Syailendra.
Prasasti Kedu dibuat pada masa Raja Rakai Dyah Balitung. Adapun silsilah raja-raja yang
pernah memerintah di Mataram yaitu sebagai berikut.

1. Rakai Mataram Sang Ratu Sanjaya 6. Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan

2. Sri Maharaja Rakai Panangkaran 7. Sri Maharaja Rakai Kayuwangi
3. Sri Maharaja Rakai Panunggalan 8. Sri Maharaja Rakai Watuhumalang
4. Sri Maharaja Rakai Warak 9. Sri Maharaja Rakai Dyah Balitung
5. Sri Maharaja Rakai Garung
A. Pemerintah wangsa Sanjaya
Raja-raja wangsa Sanjaya, seperti dimuat dalam prasasti Mantyasih (Kedu), sebagai berikut.
1) Rakai Mataram Sang Ratu Sanjaya (717 – 746 M)
Raja ini adalah pendiri Kerajaan Mataram sekaligus pendiri wangsa Sanjaya. Setelah wafat, ia
digantikan oleh Rakai Panangkaran.
2) Sri Maharaja Rakai Panangkaran (746 – 784 M)
Dalam prasasti Kalasan (778 M) diceritakan bahwa Rakai Panangkaran (yang dipersamakan dengan
Panamkaran Pancapana) mendirikan candi Kalasan untuk memuja Dewi Tara, istri Bodhisatwa Gautama,
dan candi Sari untuk dijadikan wihara bagi umat Buddha atas permintaan Raja Wisnu dari dinasti
Syailendra.

Ini menunjukkan bahwa pada masa pemerintahan raja ini datanglah dinasti Syailendra dipimpin rajanya,
Bhanu (yang kemudian digantikan Wisnu), dan menyerang wangsa Sanjaya hingga melarikan diri ke Dieng,
Wonosobo. Selain itu, Raja Panangkaran juga dipaksa mengubah kepercayaannya dari Hindu ke Buddha.
3)Adapun penerus wangsa
Sri Maharaja RakaiSanjaya setelah Panangkaran
Panunggalan (784 – 803 tetap
M)beragama Hindu.
4) Sri Maharaja Rakai Warak (803 – 827 M)
Setelah Raja Warak turun takhta sebenarnya sempat digantikan seorang raja wanita, yaitu Dyah
Gula (827 – 828 M), namun kedudukannya hanya bersifat sementara
5) Sri Maharaja Rakai Garung (828 – 847 M)
6) Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan (847 – 855 M)
Raja Pikatan berusaha keras mengangkat kembali kejayaan wangsa Sanjaya dalam masa
pemerintahannya.
7) Sri Maharaja Kayuwangi (855 – 885 M)
Dalam pemerintahannya, Kayuwangi dibantu oleh dewan penasihat merangkap
staf pelaksana yang terdiri atas lima orang patih. Dewan penasihat ini diketuai
seorang mahapatih.
8) Sri Maharaja Watuhumalang (894 – 898 M)
9) Sri Maharaja Watukura Dyah Balitung (898 – 913 M)
Raja ini dikenal sebagai raja Mataram yang terbesar. Ialah yang berhasil mempersatukan
kembali Mataram dan memperluas kekuasaan dari Jawa Tengah sampai ke Jawa Timur.
Ia dapat naik takhta karena kegagahberaniannya dan karena perkawinannya dengan putri
Raja Mataram. Selama masa pemerintahannya, Balitung sangat memerhatikan
kesejahteraan rakyat, terutama dalam hal mata pencaharian, yaitu bercocok tanam,
sehingga rakyat sangat menghormatinya.
 INTRODUCTIO
N
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot—even hotter than
Mercury—and its atmosphere is
extremely poisonous
01 OVERVIEW 03 ASSIGNMENT

02 FEATURES OF
THE TOPIC
04 ABOUT THE T
OPIC
 01
OVERVIE
W
You can enter a subtitle here if you
need it
WHAT IS THIS TOPIC
ABOUT?
MARS
Despite being red, Mars is actually a
cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust,
which is what gives the planet its
reddish cast

VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot, more than Mercury, which
is closer to the Sun
 THE TWO MAIN TOPICS
MARS
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s full of
iron oxide dust, which gives the
planet its reddish cast
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name and
is the second planet from the
Sun. It’s terribly hot, even hotter
than Mercury
 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS

01 02 03 04
NEPTUN
MERCURY MARS E SATURN
Mercury is the smallest Despite being red, Neptune is the fourth- Saturn is composed
planet in the Solar Mars is actually a cold largest planet in the mostly of hydrogen and
System place Solar System helium
A SHORT SUMMARY OF THE
TOPIC
HISTORY Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings

ETYMOLOG
Y Despite being red, Mars is a cold place

DOCUMENT
S Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all

ITS USE Venus is the second planet from the Sun

HISTORY
Do you know what helps you make your point
clear?
Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience won’t

miss the point of your presentation
 ETYMOLOGY
“PAPYROS”
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

GREEK EGYPT
Ceres is located in the main Saturn was named after a
asteroid belt Roman god

“ΠΆΠΥΡΟΣ” “WADJ OR DJIET”

 DOCUMENTS

01 03
NEPTUNE JUPITER
Neptune is far away Jupiter doesn’t have a
from us solid surface

02 04
SATURN MARS
Saturn was named after Despite being red,
a Roman god Mars is very cold
 ITS USE

WRITIN
ART
G
Mercury is the closest Venus is the second
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun
 IT IS TRUE OR FALSE?
Mark true or false in the following sentences. Look at the first examples:

TRUE FALSE Venus is extremely hot, even more than Mercury

TRUE FALSE Earth is the only planet known to harbor life

TRUE FALSE Despite being red, Mars is very cold

TRUE FALSE Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System

TRUE FALSE Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings

TRUE FALSE Neptune is very far away from the Sun

 OTHER ANCIENT AND MODERN USES

ANCIENT USES MODERN USES

MERCUR Mercury is the smallest SATURN

Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
Y planet of them all

Venus is extremely hot, NEPTUN Neptune is the farthest

VENUS even more than Mercury E planet from the Sun

Earth is the planet where Pluto is now considered a

EARTH we all live on PLUTO dwarf planet

Despite being red, Mars is The Moon is Earth’s only

MARS actually a cold place MOON natural satellite
 FEATURES
02 OF THE
TOPIC
You can enter a subtitle here
if you need it
 EIGHT ESSENTIAL
THE CONCEPTS
MOON NEPTUNE EARTH JUPITER
The Moon is Earth’s Neptune is far away Earth is the planet Jupiter doesn’t have a
only natural satellite from us where we all live on solid surface

VENUS CERES MARS SATURN

Venus is the second Ceres is located in the Despite being red, Saturn was named after
planet from the Sun asteroid belt Mars is very cold a Roman god
 FILL THE TABLE WITH DATA
PEOPLE BUILDINGS MATERIALS TRADITION
S
Jupiter is the Earth is the
3000 BC —
biggest planet planet with life
—

Venus has a
2000 BC — — —
beautiful name

Mercury is very Neptune is far Mars is actually a

1300 BC small planet
—
away from us cold place

Saturn has Pluto is now a

51 BC beautiful rings dwarf planet
— —
 CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
HOW WAS PAPER WHERE WAS PAPER
1. MADE?
2. INVENTED?
A. Neptune is far away from us A. Mars is a red planet
B. Saturn is a gas giant B. Saturn has rings

WHAT ARE THE

WHEN DID
3. WRITING APPEAR?
4. MAIN USES OF
PAPER?
A. Venus has beautiful rings A. Earth has life
B. Mars is made of basalt B. Venus is a hot planet
 3150
BC
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 FEATURES OF THE TOPIC

MARS 01 JUPITER
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place 03 It’s the biggest planet
in the Solar System

MERCURY
It’s the closest planet to 02
the Sun VENUS
04 Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
1346
The plague arrives in
England

1453
The fall of Constantinople to
the Ottoman

1564
William Shakespeare is born
 THE FIRST IMPORTANT CULTURES

Despite being red, Mars is

MESOPOTAMIA 01 actually a cold place

Jupiter is the biggest planet in

the Solar System 02 EGYPT

Saturn is a gas giant and has

GREECE 03 several rings
25% JUPITER
Jupiter is quite a big planet

45% EARTH
Earth harbors lots of life

30% THE MOON

It’s Earth’s only natural satellite
 REVIEW THE MOST IMPORTANT DATES

4000 BC 476 AD 1492 AD 1789 AD

SATURN NEPTUNE VENUS JUPITER

Saturn was named after Neptune is very far Venus is the second Jupiter doesn’t have a
a Roman god away from us planet from the Sun solid surface
 PRACTICAL USES OF THIS
SUBJECT

MERCURY MARS SATURN

Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars is Saturn is a gas giant and
planet to the Sun a cold place has several rings

VENUS NEPTUNE JUPITER

Venus is the second planet Neptune is the farthest It’s the biggest planet in
from the Sun planet from the Sun the Solar System
KEY LOCATIONS IN ORDER TO
UNDERSTANDING HISTORY

MARS SATURN MERCURY

VENUS NEPTUNE SATURN

 TYPES OF PAPYRUS

NEPTUNE SATURN
Neptune is the farthest planet Saturn is composed of
from the Sun hydrogen and helium

JUPITER MERCURY
Jupiter is the biggest planet in Mercury is the closest planet
the Solar System to the Sun

MARS VENUS
Despite being red, Mars is Venus is the second
actually a cold place planet from the Sun
 THE MANUFACTURING OF PAPYRUS
01 02 03

FIRST STEP SECOND STEP THIRD STEP

Despite being red, Mars is Venus is the second planet Mercury is the closest planet
actually a cold place from the Sun to the Sun

SOME TIPS SOME TIPS SOME TIPS

● Saturn has rings ● Jupiter is huge ● Earth has life
● Neptune is far away ● Mars is cold ● Venus is very hot
 03
ASSIGNMEN
T
You can enter a subtitle here if you
need it
YOU SHOULD KEEP THESE THINGS IN
MIND

MERCURY SATURN VENUS

Mercury is the closest Saturn is a gas giant and Venus is the second planet
planet to the Sun has several rings from the Sun

MARS JUPITER
Despite being red, Mars is It’s the biggest planet in the
a cold place Solar System
 MULTIMEDIA

You can insert your own

multimedia content here. It
could be a nice addition to
your lesson, making it more
entertaining
A PICTURE IS WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS
 A PICTURE ALWAYS
REINFORCES THE
CONCEPT

Images reveal large amounts of data, so

remember: use an image instead of a long text.
Your audience will appreciate it
 04
ABOUT
THE
TOPIC
You can enter a subtitle here if you
need it
 DISCUSSION
PAPYRUS
DISCOVERY
Earth is the third planet from the
Sun and the only one that harbors
life in the Solar System. This is
where we all live on
● Mercury is very small
● Venus is a hot planet
● Jupiter is a gas giant
● Saturn is a gas giant
● Earth is the planet with life
ABOUT ITS USE
Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. It's
also the fourth-largest planet by diameter in the
Solar System
TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE
Saturn is composed mostly of hydrogen and
helium. It was named after the Roman god of
wealth and agriculture
 DID YOU KNOW THIS?

01 02 03

SATURN NEPTUNE VENUS

Yes, this is the Neptune is the It has a beautiful
ringed planet. It’s a farthest planet from name and is the
gas giant, the Sun and the second planet from
composed of fourth-largest by the Sun. It’s quite hot,
hydrogen and diameter in the Solar even hotter than
helium System Mercury
 EGYPTIANS

MARS
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place

EARTH
Earth is the beautiful planet
where we all live on

VENUS
Venus is extremely hot, even
more than Mercury
 Despite being red, Mars is actually a
cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust,
which is what gives the planet its
PROBLEM reddish cast

Venus has a beautiful name and is the

second planet from the Sun. It’s hotter
SOLUTION
than Mercury, which is closer to the
Sun
 THIS IS A TABLE

1350 1400 1450 1500 1550

VENUS 123 444 321 235 452

MARS 457 864 1000 567 678

JUPITER 34 76 125 97 76
 THE OLDEST WRITINGS
SHURUPPAK
INSTRUCTION 2600 BC Mercury is the smallest planet of them all
S

TEMPLE OF
2600 BC Venus is extremely hot, even more than Mercury
KOSH

URUKAGINA
2600 BC Earth is the planet where we all live on
CODE

LEGEND OF
2400 BC Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place
ETANA

PYRAMID
2400 BC Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all
TEXTS
AWESOME
WORDS
 STUDY SCHEDULE
MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
01 02 03 04 05 06 07

08 09 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

MARS MERCURY VENUS

Despite being red, Mars Mercury is the closest Venus has extremely
is a cold place planet to the Sun high temperatures
 THE OLDEST PORTS IN THE WORLD

2.
1.
331 BC 1. 2. 450 BC
ALEXANDRI
ATHENS
A
Saturn was named Ceres is located in
after a Roman god the asteroid belt
 HISTORICAL DATA
VENUS A
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun C

MARS B B
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place
A

JUPITER C
It’s the biggest planet in the
Solar System
If you want to modify this graph, click on it, follow the
link, change the data and replace it here
 ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT
3000 BC 1000 BC
Jupiter is the biggest Mercury is the closest
planet of them all planet to the Sun

20% 70%

2000 BC 0
Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet from the Sun cold place
50% 100%
* To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the
data and paste the new graph here, replacing this one.
You can see how to modify the graph here
 PROCESS

Mercury is the Despite being red,

closest planet to the Mars is actually a
Sun cold place
1390 MERCURY 1530 MARS

VENUS 1450 SATURN 1610

Venus is the It’s composed of
second planet hydrogen and
from the Sun helium
 THE ELABORATION PROCESS

1 2 3

JUPITER MERCURY PLUTO

Jupiter is the biggest It’s the closest planet to It’s now considered a
planet of them all the Sun dwarf planet

VENUS MARS CERES

Venus is the second Mars is actually a very It’s located in the main
planet from the Sun cold place asteroid belt
 OVERVIEW DIAGRAM

VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name,
but also high temperatures

MARS JUPITER SATURN

Despite being red, it’s It’s the biggest planet in It’s composed of
actually a cold place the Solar System hydrogen and helium
 CONCLUSIONS

1. NEPTUNE
Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun.
It's also the fourth-largest by diameter in
the Solar System

2. SATURN
It's composed mostly of hydrogen and
helium. It was named after the Roman god
of wealth and agriculture
 EXERCISE
Fill in the blanks with the
name of each part

_____
Mercury is the smallest
of them all
_____
Despite being red, _____
Mars is a cold place
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
 EXERCISE TWO
Which word belongs to
each description?

_____ _____
This is Earth’s only This is the smallest
natural satellite planet of them all

_____ _____
This gas giant has several It is located in the main
rings asteroid belt

MERCUR
SATURN MOON CERES
Y
 EXERCISE THREE
Match the sentences with words.
Look at the example

NEPTUNE It is the farthest planet from the Sun

SATURN It is located in the main asteroid belt
MERCUR It is the closest planet to the Sun
Y
VENUS It has extremely high temperatures
MARS It is the only planet that harbors life
JUPITER It is full of iron oxide dust
CERES It is the biggest planet of them all
EARTH It is a gas giant and has several rings
 EXERCISE FOUR
Fill in the gaps the best word.
Look at the first example

1 JUPITER 2 MERCURY
Jupiter is the _____ planet in the Mercury is the closest planet
Solar System _____the Sun
3 MARS 4 VENUS
Despite being red, Mars _____ Venus has a beautiful name,
actually a cold place _____ it’s quite hot
5 SATURN 6 NEPTUNE
Saturn is composed _____ Neptune is the farthest _____
hydrogen and helium from the Sun
 ASSIGNMENT

1. Venus is the second planet

from the Sun

2. Mercury is the closest

planet to the Sun

3. Despite being red, Mars is

actually a cold place
 METHODOLOGY

COMPARISO
RESEARCH ANALYSIS STUDY
N
Jupiter is the biggest Mercury is the Earth is the beautiful Despite being red,
planet in the Solar smallest planet in the planet where we all Mars is actually a cold
System Solar System live on place
LITERATURE
AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Publisher
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun

AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.

Publisher
The Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite

AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.

Publisher
Ceres is located in the main asteroid belt

AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.

Publisher
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings

AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.

Publisher
Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet
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Jupiter is the
biggest planet

Mercury is a
NEPTUNE small planet

THE FIRST Saturn has

CIVILIZATIONS TOPIC beautiful rings

Earth is the
AFRICA 50% planet with life
MARS
EUROPE 10% Venus is terribly
hot
ASIA 40%
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