II
AGEN PENGENDALIAN
HAYATI
MUSUH ALAMI
Predator
Parasit
Serangga (Neuroptera,
Odonata, Dermaptera, dll)
Ex. Nematoda
Arachnida (Laba-laba,
Tungau)
Burung (Burung hantu)
Parasitoid
Patogen
Serangga
(Hymenoptera,
Diptera)
Bakteri (Bacillus
thuringiensis,
B. israelensis)
Virus (NPV)
Jamur (Metarhizium sp)
Persyaratan
yang baik
1.
2.
3.
4.
musuh
alami
1. Memiliki kemampuan
mencari yg
Diadegma
tinggi
semiclausum
Plutella xylostella
(Sembel et al, 1999)
Dpt menekan
populasi
inang/mangsa pd
kepadatan inang
/mangsa yg rendah
kumbang Vedalia
(Rodalia cardinalis)
Kutu sisik
(DeBach, 1975)
Spesifik/Spesiali
s
habitat
Penting sbg
syarat agen
hayati
Spesialis
Plutella xylostela
D. semiclausum
Spesialis
Enceng gondok
Fekunditas
tinggi
Siklus hidup
pendek
Trichogramma sp
Inang
Toleransi
ekologis yg
luas
Musuh alami
Dapat memarasiti
kumbang moncong di
dataran tinggi dan
rendah
Anaphoidea nitens
(Mymaridae)
5.
Daun
bawang
Trissolcus basalis
Keuntungan
Pengendalian Hayati
1. Bebas dari pengaruh samping
yang
merusak
2. Derajat spesifitas tinggi
3. Biaya murah
4. Memiliki sifat-sifat yg dpt
memperbanyak diri
5. Pengendalian dapat bersifat
permanen
6. Mudah untuk diterapkan
7. Agen hayati mencari musuh
Kelemahan Pengendalian
Hayati
1. Kemampuan agen hayati dalam
menekan populasi hama
terbatas
2. Pencarian agen hayati yg tepat
cukup
rumit
3. Tidak semua agen hayati dapat
dibiakkan di laboratorium
4. Sukses hanya terbatas pada
daerahdaerah dan jenis hama
tertentu
5. PH memerlukan waktu yg lama
Contoh kerugian
Pengendalian Hayati
1. Memperkecil
spesies
biodiversitas
native
2. Potensial menyebabkan
penyakit pada organisme non
target
cane
toad
3. Potensial menurunkan
populasi sasaran non target
cane
toad
Rhynocyllus
conicus
Thistles
Populasi
turun
Mengganggu
populasi
Kumbang
predator asli
Heteropsila
cubana ( kutu
loncat)
Thn 1995
populasi baru
stabil
Curinus coeruleus
(kumbang tudung)
IN
TR
UK OD
SI
Prospek PH
Huge role in the future of pest prevention.
Biological control is being used among society
today; however, it could someday Biological
control could potentially play a reduce the use of
many pesticides and herbicides. Since biological
control could potentially have a large economic
value, if found to be successful, research and job
fields would increase continually.
By increasing awareness of biological controls
among more people, new successful biological
controls could be discovered in the future. This
could eliminate the overuse of chemicals.
Biodiversity would increase, too, because of the
reduction of chemical applications that often do
affect not only the single species they are
intended to kill, but other species as well