Step 1
1. orthostastic hypotension : misalnya dari berbaring atau duduk, berdiri
merasakan pusing
- orthostastic : Mempertahankan tekanan arteri selama keadaan berdiri tegak,
tergantung aliran darah yang baru
Step 2
1. Why the woman present to general practitioner with the difficulty in walking,
numbness in her two legs?
2. why the patient sometimes she complains of burning in her leg and stiffness in
lower extrimity?
3. why in the physical examination reveals a distal weakness in her both lower
extrimities?
4. why the autonomic test showed a sweating abnormalityband orthostastic
hypotension?
5. what the corelation the doctor prescrible a glucose control therapy,
symtomatic and non pharmalogical therapy with case the scenario?
6. why she has fine motor disturbances like unscrewing jar lids and paresthesi in
finger?
7. what the therapi and education in this case?
8. what the pathogenesis, pathophysiologi and etiology in the scenario?
9. DD and diagnosis?
10. What the complicatin in this case?
11. What the support examination in this scenario?
Step 3
1. Why the woman present to general practitioner with the difficulty in walking,
numbness in her two legs?
Terjadi hiperglikemi vasokontriksi pembuluh darah mempengaruhi kerja
saraf dengan serat semakin tipis lama kelamaan jadi ulkus diabetic (tidak ada
pasokan oksigen) iskemik tumbuh bakteri dan jamur busuk dan mati rasa
Mekanisme berhubungan peningkatan glukosa, vaskuler, imun, metabolic
Patogenesis :
Nerve grow factor mempercepat dan mempertahankan pertumbuhan saraf
menurun derajat dari neuropati NGF berperan sebagai vasodilatasi
vasokontriksi terus menerus (pembuluh darah kecil)
3 mekanisme : terjadi degenerasi sekunder mielin akson meluas
Demielisasi segmental disfungsi mielin tanpa kerusakan aksn
Degenrasi aksonal degenerasi pada bagian distal pada akson saraf perifer dan
beberapa tempat ujung akson
Etiologi :
Metabolik factro : glukosa darah, diabetic cronis,\
Neurovaskuler factor : inflamasi di nervus, mechanical injury,
lifestyle factor : merokok dan alkohol, dislipidemia
9. what the therapi and education in this case?
Edukasi : dihindari gula berlebih, menghindari faktor resiko (merokok, konsumsi
alkohol)
Terapi :
Medikamentosa
Gol. Aldose reduktase inhibitor menghambat penumpukan sorbitol dan
fruktosa
Penghambat ACE
Neurotropin NGF dan brain derived neurotropic factor
Alfa lipolistic acid
Diabetes inhibitor : metformin
Simptomatik : gabapentin, sodium valproate, dextrometorfan, dexametason
Protein kinase C inhibitor menghambat NA, K atp ase
10. What the complication in this case?
Ulkus diabeticum
Disfungsi sexual
11. Anatomi vertebra dann medula spinalis
Klasifikasi neurophati ? ada 4