Neraca Energi yang digunakan pada Pra Rancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Asam
Linoleat dari Biji Alpukat dengan Kapasitas 957 ton/tahun yaitu dengan ketentuan
sebagai berikut :
Basis Perhitungan : 1 jam operasi
Satuan : kJ/jam
Temperatur basis : 25 oC = 298,15 K
Perubahan panas pada perancangan ini terjadi pada peralatan :
1. Grinder (G-101)
2. Heater (H-101)
3. Tangki Degumming (T-102)
4. Heat Exchanger (HE-101)
5. Tangki Hidrolisis (T-104)
6. Flash Tank (FT-101)
7. Dryer (DR-101)
8. Crytsllizer 01 (CR-101)
9. Crytsllizer 02 (CR-102)
x . Cp l
Cp Trigliserida =
= 0,2034 (1.650,11) + 0,0123 (1.832,39) + 0,1588 (1.780,67)
+ 0,4735 (1.728,95) + 0,0497 (1677,23) + 0,0181
(2014,67) + 0,0277 (1990,07) + 0,0422 (1787,21) +
0,0141 (1467,83)
= 1.730,66,36 J/mol.K
x . Cp l
Cp Asam Lemak =
= 0,2034 (542,05) + 0,0123 (602,81) + 0,1588 (585,57)
+ 0,4735 (568,33) + 0,0497 (551,09) + 0,0181
(663,57) + 0,0277 (524,81) + 0,0422 (646,33) +
0,0141 (481,29)
= 560,97, J/mol.K
Gliserol (C18H30O2)
Cp gliserol = 1 (-CH-) + 2 (-CH2-) + 3 (-OH)
= 1 (20,92) + 2 (30,38) + 3 (44,77)
= 215,99 J/mol.K
x . H f
Hof Asam Lemak =
= 0,2034 (-723,84) + 0,0123 (-765,12) + 0,1588 (-
743,10) + 0,4735 (-721,08) + 0,0497 (-699,06) +
0,0181 (-806,40) + 0,0277 (-701,82) + 0,0422 (-
784,38) + 0,0141(-682,56)
= -727,58 kJ/mol
Cp
7
n air v dT
Tref 298,15K
Q7air =
= (558,6/18,02) x 5297,16 kJ/kmol.K
= 164206,0808 kJ/jam
Qin = Q5Biji avokad + Q7air
= 169477,97 kJ/jam
Qsteam
Steam
T = 120 oC
Cp
13
n air l dT
Tref 298,15 K
Q13Air =
= (31,95/18,02) kmol/jam 374,71 kJ/kmol.K
= 664,41
Qin = Q9crude oil + Q13Air
= 150.139,04 kJ/jam
Q14Air =
= (31,95/18,02) kmol/jam 1878,91 kJ/kmol.K
= 3.331,36 kJ/jam
Q14Wet gum = n14 Wet gum CpWet gum T
= (53,25/161,62) 0,54 kJ/kmol.K (323,15 298,15) K
= 4,45 kJ/jam
Q14Minyak = n14Minyak Cp minyak T
= (1.011,81/863,21) 1.730,66 kJ/kmol.K (323,15 298,15) K
= 50.714,61 kJ/jam
Cp (l) dT
298,15
H (30C) = = 104,89 kJ/kg
323,15
Cp (l) dT
298,15
H (50C) = = 209,30 kJ/kg
H = H (50 C) H (30 C)
= 209,30 kJ/kg 104,89 kJ/kg
= 104,41 kJ/kg
QSteam
Steam
T = 120 oC
Q19in
Minyak murni HEAT Q19out
EXCHANGER Minyak murni
T = 50 oC T = 80 oC
Cp
19
n Air l dT
Tref 298,15K
Q19Air =
= (31,95/18,02) kmol/jam 1878,91 kJ/kmol.K
= 3.331,36 kJ/jam
Qin = Q19Minyak + Q19Air
= 54.045,97 kJ/jam
Cp
19
n air l dT
Tref 298,15K
Q19Air =
= (1,01/18,02) kmol/jam 4.149,18 kJ/kmol
= 233,21 kJ/jam
Alur 20
Air proses masuk pada suhu 30 C
T 303,15 K
n 20 air Cp
Tref 298,15 K
l . dT
Q20 air =
= (404,72/18,02) kmol/jam 374,71 kJ/kmol
= 8415,79 kJ/jam
303,15K 373,15K
Q22Air =
kmol kJ
(309,29 / 18,02) 5.297,16 40.656,20 104.540,01
jam kmol
=
= 2.583.024,11 kJ/jam
Alur 21
Q21Asam Lemak = n21Asam Lemak CpAsam Lemak T
= (954,70/277,04) kmol/jam 560,97 kJ/kmol.K (523,15 -
298,15) K
= 434.957,27 kJ/jam
373,15K 523,15K
n air Cpl dT H VL Cpv dT
21
303,15K 373,15K
Q21 Air =
kmol kJ
(34,36/18, 02) 5.297,16 40.656,20 104.540,01
jam kmol
=
= 286.956,28 kJ/jam
r = 1,15 kmol/jam
T2
Cp . dT
s
T1
HR (523,15 K) = HR (298,15 K) +
Hof (298) (Reaktan)
massa pati
Hof (298) Minyak = -2.058,24 kJ/mol = -2.058.237,95 kJ/kmol BM pati
massa pati
Hof (298) Air = 3 (-68,32) kJ/mol = -204.960,00 kJ/kmol BM pati
-2.182.740,48 kJ/kmol
massa d-maltosa
Hof (298) Gliserol = BM d-maltosa -567,22 kJ/mol = -567.220,00
kJ/kmol
Hof (298) Produk = Hof (298) Asam Lemak + Hof (298) Gliserol
= [-2.182.740,48+ (-567.220,00)] kJ/kmol
= -2.749.960,48 kJ/jam
HR (298) = Hof (298) Produk - Hof (298) Reaktan
= [-2.749.960,48 + (-2.263.197,95)] kJ/kmol
= -486.762,53 kJ/kmol
TG = -1
Air = -3
Asam Lemak =3
Gliserol =1
T2
32.381,91 kJ/kmol
T2
Cp . dT
s
T1
HR (523,15 K) = HR (298,15 K) +
= -486.762,53 kJ/kmol + 32.381,91 kJ/kmol
= -454.380,62 kJ/kmol
T T
dQ 2 2
dQ
dt
= 1,15 . -454.380,62 + [3.369.872,19] [117.984,88]
= [-11.114.649,36 + 8.933.513,11] kJ/jam
= 2.729.350,48 kJ/jam
dQ
dt
QSteam = Qout - Qin
= [3.369.872,19 (2.729.350,48) 117.984,88] kJ/jam
= 523.536,83 kJ/jam
Steam yang digunakan adalah superheated steam pada suhu 280 C (553,15 K)
dan keluar sebagai superheated steam pada suhu 260 C (533,15 K). Dari Tabel F.2
untuk superheated steam Smith dkk. (2005) diketahui data berikut:
H (280 C) = 3.034,44 kJ/kg
H (260 C) = 2.994,48 kJ/kg
Kandungan panas steam :
H = H (280 C) H (260 C)
= (3.034,44 - 2.994,48) kJ/kg = 39,96 kJ/kg
Banyaknya steam yang diperlukan :
Q
H
m =
523.536,83 kJ/jam
39,96 kJ/kg
= = 13076,50 kg/jam
Tabel B.8 Neraca Energi Tangki Hidrolisis (T-104)
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
19 20 21 22
Minyak 109.340,55 9.112,29
Air 228,54 8.415,79 2.583.024,11 286.956,28
Asam Lemak 434.957,27
Gliserol 55.822,24
Steam 523.536,83
Panas Reaksi 2.729.350,48
Sub Total 109.569,09 8.415,79 3.252.887,31 2.647.958,64 721.913,55
Total 3.369.872,19 3.369.872,19
n 24 air Cp
Tref 298,15K
v dT
Q24 Air =
= (24,06/18,02) kmol/jam 6436,41 kJ/kmol
= 8.593,79 kJ/jam
Alur 23
T 383,15K
Cp
7
n air v dT
Tref 298,15 K
Q23 Air =
= (10,31/18,02) kmol/jam 6436,41 kJ/kmol
= 3.682,54 kJ/jam
Q23Asam Lemak = n23 Asam Lemak Cp Asam Lemak T
= (954,70/277,04) kmol/jam 560,97 kJ/kmol.K (383,15 -
298,15) K
= 164.318,31 kJ/jam
Air Q26
T = 120 C
Alur 26
T 353,15K
Cp
26
n air v dT
Tref 298,15K
Q26 air =
= (10,31/18,02) kmol/jam 7.588,03 kJ/kmol
= 4.341,43 kJ/jam
QAir pendingin
Air pendingin
T = 30 oC
Asam oleat
Q25 Asam linoleat
Asam lemak Q27 Asam linolenat
CRYSTALLIZER Asam lemak jenuh
o
T = 125 C T = 40 oC
Alur 27
Q27As. lemak jenuh = n27As. lemak jenuh CpAs. lemak jenuh T
= (95,47/84,86) kmol/jam 178,28 kJ/kmol.K
(303,15 - 298,15) K
= 3.016,99 kJ/jam
Q27As. oleat = n27As. oleat Cp As. oleat T
= (151,60/282,47) kmol/jam 585,57 kJ/kmol.K (313,15
298,15) K
= 4.714,39 kJ/jam
Q27As. linolenat = n27As. linolenat Cp As. linolenat T
= (47,45/291,10) kmol/jam 551,09 kJ/kmol.K (313,15
298,15) K
= 1.347,43 kJ/jam
Q27As. linoleat = n27As. linoleat Cp As. linoleat T
= (452,24/280,45) kmol/jam 568,33 kJ/kmol.K (313,15
298,15) K
= 13.746,72 kJ/jam
Qout = Q28As. miristat + Q28As. palmitat + Q28As. stearat + Q28As. arakidat + Q28As.
palmitoleat + Q28As. gadoleat + Q27As. lemak jenuh + Q27As. oleat + Q27As. linolenat
+ Q27As. linoleat
= (362,70 + 5.542,11 + 335,96 + 495,23 +736,44 + 1.132,10 +
3.016,99 + 4.714,39 + 1.347,43 + 13.746,72) kJ/jam
= 31.430,05 kJ/jam
Cp (l) dT
298,15
H (30 C) = = 104,89 kJ/kg
323,15
Cp (l) dT
298,15
H (50 C) = = 209,30 kJ/kg
H = H (50 C) H (30 C)
= 209,30 kJ/kg 104,89 kJ/kg
= 104,41 kJ/kg
QAir pendingin
Air pendingin
T = 30 oC
Alur 29
Q29As. linolenat = n29As. linolenat Cp As. linolenat T
= (47,45/291,10) kmol/jam 551,09 kJ/kmol.K (299,15
298,15) K
= 89,64 kJ/jam
Q29As. linoleat = n29As. linoleat Cp As. linoleat T
= (452,24/280,45) kmol/jam 568,33 kJ/kmol.K (313,15
298,15) K
= 916,45 kJ/jam
Qout = Q30As. lemak jenuh + Q30As. oleat + Q29As. linolenat + Q29As. linoleat
= (193,32 + 314,29 + 89,64 + 916,45) kJ/jam
= 1.513,70 kJ/jam
Cp (l) dT
298,15
H (30 C) = = 104,89 kJ/kg
323,15
Cp (l) dT
298,15
H (50 C) = = 209,30 kJ/kg
H = H (50 C) H (30 C)
= 209,30 kJ/kg 104,89 kJ/kg
= 104,41 kJ/kg
Jumlah air pendingin yang diperlukan :
Q
H
m =
21.311,82 kJ/jam
104,41 kJ/kg
=
= 204,17 kg/jam
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
27 29 (30)
Asam Oleat 4.714,39 314,29
Asam Linolenat 1.347,43 89,64
Asam Linoleat 13.746,72 916,45
Asam lemak jenuh 3.016,99 193,32
Air pendingin -21.311,82
Sub Total 22.825,53 -21.311,82 1.006,09 507,61
Total 1.513,70 1.513,70