CRI

TICALBOOKREVI
EW

MK.PEMBELAJARAN
BI
LINGUAL

PRODIS1PGSD-
FIP

SKORNI
LAI:

SPOTLI
TE:
BILI
NGUALEDUCATI
ON

Nama :
Nur
mani
daput
ri

NI
M :
1192411036

Kel
as :
DRegul
er2020

DosenPengampu :
DodyFPandi
munAbr
t,S.
pd,
.M.
Hum.

Mat
aKul
i
ah :
Pembel
ajar
anBi
l
ingual

PROGRAM STUDIS1PENDI
DIKANGURUSEKOLAHDASAR

UNI
VERSI
TASNEGERIMEDAN

MEDAN

OKTOBER2020
 KATAPENGANTAR

Puj
idansy
ukursay
aucapkanat
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ratTuhanYangMahaEsa,kar
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as r
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h say
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it
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iew  
mat
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Har
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manf
aatbagisi
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a.Sebagaimanusi
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utugas i
nimasi
h ada
kekur
angan-kekur
angan ol
ehsebabi
tudengant
angant
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amengi
ngi
nkan
kr
it
ikdansar
andar
iBapakdosenpengampu maupundar
ipar
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uk
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it
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iewsel
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Seki
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  Medan,
 
 Okt
ober2020

Peny
usun

Nur
mani
daPut
ri

1192411036

2
 DAFTARI
SI

KATAPENGANTAR .
..
..
..
..i
DAFTARI
SI i
i
BABIPENDAHULUAN
A.Rasi
onal
i
sasi
CBR 1
B.Tuj
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C.Manf
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D.
Ident
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BABI
IRI
NGKASANI
SIBUKU
A.BABI
:Backgr
ound&Cont
ext 4
B.BABI
I:Bi
l
ingual
Educat
ion:
ACol
l
ect
ionofVoi
ces 9
C.BABI
II:
Innov
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ons 12
D.BABI
V:Concl
udi
ngRemar
ks 19
BABI
IIPEMBAHASAN
A.PembahasanI
siBuku 21
B.Kel
ebi
handanKel
emahanBuku 21
BABI
VPENUTUP
A.Kesi
mpul
an 23
B.Sar
an 23
DAFTARPUSTAKA

i
i
 BABI
PENDAHULUAN
A. Rasi
onal
i
sasi
CBR
Ket
erampi
l
anmembuatCBR padapenul
i
sdapatmenguj
ikemampuandal
am
mer
ingkasdanmenganal
i
sissebuahbukuser
tamembandi
ngkanbukuy
angdi
anal
i
sis
denganbukuy
angl
ain,
mengenaldanmember
ini
l
aiser
tamengkr
it
iksebuahkar
yat
uli
s
y
angdi
anal
i
sis.

Ser
ingkal
iki
tabi
ngungmemi
l
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efer
ensiunt
ukki
tabacadanpahami
.
Ter
kadangki
tahany
amemi
l
ihsat
ubukuunt
ukdi
bacat
etapihasi
l
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hbel
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memuaskan mi
sal
nyadar
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i
sisbahasadan pembahasan.Ol
eh kar
enai
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i
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anBi
l
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niunt
ukmemper
mudahpembacadal
am
memi
l
ihbukur
efer
ensit
erkhususpadapokokbahasant
ent
angmat
eripembel
ajar
an
Bi
l
ingual
.

B.Tuj
uanPenul
i
sanCBR

Al
asandi
buat
nyaCr
it
ical
BookRev
iewi
niadal
ahunt
uk:

1.Mengul
asi
sisebuahbuku

2.Mel
ati
hdi
riunt
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fi
ki
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it
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am mencar
iinf
ormasiy
angdi
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eh 
set
iapbabdar
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3.Menambahwawasant
ent
angPembeaj
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l
ingual

4.Meni
ngkat
kanket
erampi
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andal
am menul
i
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5.Menguat
kanAr
gumeni
siBukumengenai
Bil
i
ngual

6.Membandi
ngkanbukuy
angdikr
it
ik dengant
eor
iteor
iyangadamaupunbuku
y
angsej
eni
s.

7.Peny
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i
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l
ingual

1
C.Manf
aatPenul
i
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Adapunmanf
aatdar
ipenul
i
sanCBRi
niadal
ah:
1.Unt
uk menambah wawasan ser
ta mel
ati
h ket
erampi
l
an mahasi
swa dal
am
mengkr
it
isi
isi
buku.

2.Membant
upembacamenget
ahuigambar
andanpeni
l
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isebuah
bukuat
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yal
ainny
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ari
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D.I
dent
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asBuku

BukuUt
ama

1.Judul :
Spot
li
te:
Bil
i
ngual
Educat
ion

2.Edi
si :
1

3.Pengar
ang :
Hei
diGar
kman,
Kadj
aAl
adi
n,Chr
ist
opl
erPet
ri
e

4.Pener
bit :
Hunder
gOr
g

5.Kot
aTer
bit :
NewDel
hi

6.TahunTer
bit :
2020

7.I
SBN :
-

2
BukuPembandi
ng

1.Judul :
Bil
i
ngual
Educat
ionPr
ogr
ams

2.Edi
si :
1

3.Pengar
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Dr.Di
dikSant
oso,
M.pd.

Pi
rmanGi
nti
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M.Hum.

4.Pener
bit :
Prenadamedi
aGr
oup

5.Kot
aTer
bit :
Jakar
ta

6.TahunTer
bit :
2015

7.I
SBN :
978-
602-
1186-
60-
2

3
 BABI
I

PEMBAHASAN
RI
NGKASANI
SIBUKU

BABIBACKGROUND&CONTEXT

Whati
sBi
l
ingual
Educat
ion?

Set
ti
ngoutt
odef
inebi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
snotaseasyorst
rai
ght
for
war
dasi
ni-
ti
all
y
expect
ed.Notonl
yisbi
l
ingual
educat
ionst
rongl
ycont
extdr
ivent
othet
imeandpl
aceof
di
ff
erentcul
tur
es,
buti
tisal
soahi
ghl
ypol
i
tical
l
y,economi
cal
l
y,soci
all
yandemot
ional
l
yloaded
t
erm.Thi
scompl
exi
tymakesf
indi
ngauni
for
m def
ini
ti
onofbi
l
ingual
educat
iondi
ff
icul
t.

Thebasi
candof
tenuseddef
ini
ti
onofbi
l
ingual
educat
ionasi
nvol
vi
ngt
heuseoft
wo
l
anguagesi
ninst
ruct
ion/
educat
iondoesnot
,accor
dingt
omanyschol
ars,
suf
fi
-ci
ent
ly
encompasst
hewi
derappr
oachesandgoal
sofbi
l
ingual
educat
ion,
nordoesi
tincl
udet
he
v
ari
ousst
atusesofl
anguages(
maj
ori
ty,
minor
it
y,of
fi
cial
,nat
ional
…)Ther
eisconsensusamong
manyschol
arst
hatbi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
ndeedi
sa“
sim-
plel
abel
foracompl
exphenomenon”
(
asci
tedi
nBaker
,2001,
p.192)
.

Wi
thi
nbi
l
ingual
educat
ion,
ther
eisav
ari
etyofpedagogi
cal
met
hods,
model
sand
pr
ogr
amsf
orbi
l
ingual
teachi
ngandl
ear
ning.Bi
l
ingual
educat
ionpr
ogr
amsmaydi
ff
eri
n
t
eachi
ngmet
hods,
soci
etal
andeducat
ional
aims,
studentpr
ofi
l
e,l
anguageuseandl
i
ngui
sti
c
goal
s(seef
ramewor
ksbyBaker2006,
pp.215–216;
andGar
cía&Bear
dsmor
e2011,
p.172)
.A
f
ewnot
abl
emodel
sofbi
l
ingual
educat
ionar
eCont
entandLanguageI
ntegr
atedLear
ning(
CLI
L),
dual
languagebi
l
ingual
educat
ionandl
anguagei
mmer
sion.

Bi
l
ingual
i
sm i
sanot
hermul
ti
-di
mensi
onal
concept
,whi
chi
susual
l
yunder
stoodasan
i
ndi
vi
dual
phenomenonorasoci
etal
possessi
on(
Lai
ti
nen,
2001)
.Bi
l
ingual
i
sm wi
thi
naspeci
fi
c
soci
etydependsoni
ts“
li
ngui
sti
cmake-
up”
:languagecont
act
,di
s-t
ri
but
ionandpol
i
cy(
Grosj
ean,
2010)
.Indi
vi
dual
bil
i
ngual
i
sm i
snoteasyt
oout
li
ne,
ast
her
eisnoonewayofbei
ngbi
l
ingual
.On
t
hei
ndi
vi
dual
lev
el,
bil
i
ngual
i
sm canr
efert
oadual
li
ngui
sti
cident
it
y,t
othepr
ofi
ciencyi
nort
he
useoft
wol
anguages,
ort
oindi
vi
dual
sfr
om bi
l
ingual
fami
l
iesorenv
ironment
s(Tandef
elt
,2001)
.

Languagel
ear
ningov
eral
li
snotazer
o-sum game(
i.
e.t
hel
ear
ningofonel
an-
guage

4
doesnotaut
omat
ical
l
yrul
eoutanot
her
)(Sundel
l
,2015)
,bi
l
ingual
i
sm i
snot“
monol
i
ngual
i
sm
t
imest
wo”
,andbi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
snotabout“
onel
anguagepl
usasecondl
anguageequal
s
t
wol
anguages”(
Gar
cía&Bear
dsmor
e2011,
p.17)
.

Thesear
ecommonmi
sconcept
ionsandov
er-
simpl
i
ficat
ions,
whi
chmayeasi
l
yov
er-
look
t
hei
ndi
vi
dual
,communal
andsoci
etal
adv
ant
agesofbi
l
ingual
i
sm andbi
l
ingual
educat
ion.
Bi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
saboutsomuchmor
ethanonl
ylear
ninganot
herl
anguage.Bi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
sani
ncl
usi
veenv
ironmentwher
emor
ethanonel
an-
guagei
susedt
olear
n–i
tis
aboutl
ear
ningwhatt
hewor
ldl
ooksl
i
kei
nmor
ethanonel
anguage!

WhatdowemeanbyBi
l
ingual
Educat
ion?

Hav
ingr
ecogni
sedt
hecompl
exdef
ini
ti
onal
issues,
let
’sbegi
nbyaddr
essi
ngour
under
standi
ngofbi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
nthi
sSpot
li
ght
:

Weusebi
l
ingual
educat
ionasabr
oadt
ermf
oreducat
iont
hatusest
woormor
elanguagest
o
t
eachcont
ent
.Wi
tht
hisf
lexi
bledef
ini
ti
on,
wear
eabl
etocel
ebr
atet
hewi
der
angeofpr
act
ices
andsol
uti
ons,
thel
anguagesusedf
ori
nst
ruct
iont
hatcanbei
ntegr
atedi
nvar
iousshapes,
f
orms,
var
iet
iesandcombi
nat
ions.

Ourdef
ini
ti
oni
sst
rongl
yinspi
redbyGar
cía&Bear
dsmor
e’sexpandeddef
ini
ti
onof
bi
l
ingual
educat
ion,
whi
chencompasseswhatcoul
dbeconsi
der
edas“
mul
ti
li
n-gual
educat
ion”
.
Theyv
iewbi
l
ingual
educat
iont
obe“
mor
egr
oundedi
ntheor
y,r
esear
ch,
pract
ice,
andr
eal
i
ty
t
han‘
mul
ti
li
ngual
educat
ion’
”,andar
guet
hati
tis“
easi
ert
ounder
standt
hecompl
exi
tyof
bi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
fwest
artwi
thadi
s-cussi
onoft
wol
anguages,
andt
henext
endt
hese
not
ionswhenconsi
der
ingmor
emul
ti
li
ngual
possi
bil
i
ties’
’(
2011,
pp.18–19)
.

Wer
ecogni
set
hatbi
l
ingual
educat
iongoesbey
ondl
anguagesandl
anguagel
ear
n-i
ng.
Themai
nfocusdoesnotnecessar
il
yli
einknowi
ngt
hegr
ammarorst
ruct
ureofl
anguages,
or
r
eachi
ngaspeci
fi
clev
elofl
anguagecompet
enceorbi
l
ingual
abi
l
ity
.Int
hisSpot
li
ght
,the
under
lyi
nget
hosi
nbi
l
ingual
educat
ionpr
ovi
des,
dri
vesandsuppor
tsacer
tai
nawar
eness,
t
oler
anceandappr
eci
ati
onoft
hev
alueofl
i
ngui
s-t
icandcul
tur
aldi
ver
sit
y.

Thi
swi
dergoal
ofbi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
swhatsepar
atesi
tfr
om t
radi
ti
onal
secondor
f
orei
gnl
anguaget
eachi
ng,
wher
ethegoal
ofl
ear
ninganaddi
ti
onal
languagei
smuchnar
rower
(
Gar
cía&Bear
dsmor
e,2011,
p.16)
.

5
 Themi
l
li
on-
dol
l
arquest
ioni
s:howcanbi
l
ingual
educat
ionmakechi
l
drenex-
cit
edabout
l
anguages?I
tisi
mpor
tantt
oconsi
derl
anguagesi
nthei
rownuni
quei
ndi
vi
dual
andsoci
al
set
ti
ng,
andl
i
ngui
sti
candhumandi
ver
sit
y.Wehav
eident
if
iedt
hef
oll
owi
ngel
ement
swhi
ch
shoul
dbest
rongl
ysuppor
tedandencour
agedi
nbi
-l
ingual
educat
ion:

1.Empower
ment
:knowi
ngot
herl
anguagesmaypr
ovi
dechi
l
drenwi
tht
hepowert
oaccess
somet
hingt
heycoul
dnotaccessi
nthei
rownl
anguage(
s)(
especi
all
yout
sideofschool
andi
ntheonl
i
newor
ld)
;

2.Sel
f-
conf
idence:
languagel
ear
ningi
sver
yemot
ional
andsubj
ect
ive,
andaddr
essi
ngt
he
i
ssueofanxi
etyi
scr
it
ical
;

3.Asenseofbel
ongi
ng:
languagei
skeyt
obot
hunder
standi
ngandi
dent
if
yingwi
thot
her
communi
ti
esandcul
tur
es.Thi
saspecti
simpor
tantf
orboost
ingt
hecur
iosi
ty,
ent
husi
asm andhungert
olear
nandexper
iencel
anguages!

Rat
ional
e:Bi
l
ingual
Educat
ionMat
ter
s!

Whi
l
ebi
l
ingual
educat
ionmi
ghtbedi
ff
icul
tordubi
oust
odef
ine,
andwhi
l
ether
ear
e
numer
ousper
spect
ivesonwhi
chmodel
ormet
hodofbi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
sthemost
successf
uli
nwhi
chcont
ext
,onemat
terseemst
obel
esscont
est
ed:
theben-
efi
tsof
bi
l
ingual
i
sm,
andt
her
efor
e,t
hei
mpor
tanceofbi
l
ingual
educat
ion.

Bi
l
ingual
i
sm andl
anguagel
ear
ningi
sbenef
ici
alt
oev
ery
one,
whet
hert
heycomef
rom a
bi
l
ingual
backgr
oundornot
.Inourgl
obal
wor
ld,
educat
ioni
smostpower
-f
ulwhenusedasbot
h
at
ool
forandr
efl
ect
ionofl
i
ngui
sti
candcul
tur
aldi
ver
sit
y(UNESCO,
2003)
.Iti
simpor
tantt
o
i
ncr
easet
heawar
enessandsuppor
tforl
an-
guageeducat
ioni
nschool
–educat
iont
hat
pr
omot
esbi
l
ingual
i
sm andar
eal
under
-st
andi
ngandappr
eci
ati
onoft
hepeopl
eandcul
tur
es
i
nvol
ved!

Wewi
sht
ohi
ghl
i
ghtt
hef
oll
owi
ngbenef
it
sandaspect
sofbi
l
ingual
i
sm,
andassuch,
account
f
orwhybi
l
ingual
educat
ionmat
ter
s:

Adv
ant
agesoft
hebi
l
ingual
mind:
isbel
i
evedt
oincl
udei
mpr
ovedat
tent
ional
andcogni
ti
ve
cont
rol
,i
ncr
easedcr
eat
iveanddi
ver
gentt
hinki
ng,
bet
terwor
kingmemor
yandhi
gher
met
ali
ngui
sti
cawar
eness(
i.
e.t
heabi
l
ityt
othi
nkaboutl
an-
guage)
.The“
ment
alf
lexi
bil
i
ty”

6
associ
atedwi
thbi
l
ingual
i
sm hasal
sobeenf
oundt
opr
otectsomewhatagai
nstcogni
ti
ve
decl
i
neanddement
ia.(
Adesopeetal
.,
2010andBi
aly
stok,
Crai
k&Luk,
2012)
.

Soci
alcohesi
on&i
ntegr
ati
on:
Bil
i
ngual
i
sm i
srepor
tedt
ofost
eropen-
minded-
ness,
off
er
di
ff
erentper
spect
ivesonl
i
fe,
andr
educecul
tur
ali
gnor
ance(
Grosj
ean2010,
p.100)
.Fort
his
r
eason,
manyunder
li
net
hesoci
alandcul
tur
albr
idge-
bui
l
dingcapaci
tyofbi
l
ingual
educat
ion,
as
i
tpav
est
hewayf
orgr
eat
ersoci
alequal
i
tyandt
oler
ance.

Gl
obal
cit
izenshi
p:Languagesopendoor
s,andbi
l
ingual
scanpar
ti
cipat
eint
hegl
obal
communi
tyandj
obmar
keti
nmor
edi
ver
seway
sthanmonol
i
ngual
s.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,soci
aland
cr
oss-
cul
tur
alawar
enessar
econsi
der
edt
obef
undament
alski
l
lsneededi
nthe21stcent
ury
(
UNESCO,
2015)
.

Languagesar
ea“
nat
ural
resour
ce”
:Languagescanbeexpl
oit
edf
orcul
tur
al,
spi
ri
tual
and
educat
ional
growt
haswel
lasf
oreconomi
c,commer
cial
andpol
i
tical
gai
n(Baker2001,
p.374)
.
Theschool
syst
em shoul
dlear
nhowt
obet
ter“
capi
tal
i
se”ont
hel
anguager
eper
toi
resf
oundi
n
t
hecommuni
ty,
andonst
udent
swhoal
readyhav
etheexper
ienceofnav
igat
ingbet
weent
woor
mor
elanguagesandcul
tur
es(
bil
i
ngual
,l
anguagemi
nor
it
y,i
mmi
grant
…).

Speaki
ngone’
sownl
anguagei
sabasi
c,humanr
ight
:Af
undament
alpar
tofcul
tur
ali
dent
it
yand
empower
ment
,bot
hfort
hei
ndi
vi
dual
andt
hegr
oup(
UNESCO,
2003,
p.16)
.TheUNSust
ainabl
e
Dev
elopmentGoal
4isi
ncl
usi
veandqual
i
tyeducat
ionf
oral
l
.Thi
smeanschi
l
drenf
rom
i
ndi
genousormi
nor
it
yback-
groundsshoul
dhav
ether
ightt
ost
udyandl
ear
nint
hei
rown
mot
hert
ongue,
aswel
lasi
ntheof
fi
cial
languageoft
hecount
ry(
UNRepor
tA/
HRC/
43/
47)
.

Language&I
dent
it
y

Wheny
ouasksomeone‘
whatl
anguagesdoy
ouspeak?
’itqui
ckl
ybecomesar
ich
conv
ersat
iont
hatgoesbey
ondt
hel
anguagei
tsel
f,buthowonei
dent
if
ieswi
thl
an-
guage.A
si
mpl
equest
ionopensapl
ethor
aofpossi
bil
i
tiesandoppor
tuni
ti
est
ogett
oknowsomeoneon
adeeperl
evel
.Thi
ssi
mpl
eact
ivi
typr
omot
est
henot
iont
hatl
anguagei
sdeepl
yconnect
edt
o
ourhi
stor
y,cul
tur
e,nat
ional
i
ty,
educat
ion,
int
er-
est
s,et
c.andcanbeanef
fect
ivest
art
ingpoi
nt
t
obet
terunder
standoneanot
herandour
sel
ves.Asbi
l
ingual
i
sm i
sanecessar
yski
l
ltot
hri
vei
n
t
hewor
ld,
ther
eisagr
owi
ngneedt
onotonl
yteachl
anguagesbutal
sounder
standt
hecul
tur
e&
peo-
plet
hatenabl
eaut
hent
icl
anguagel
ear
ning.

7
 Webel
i
evet
hati
dent
it
ypl
aysani
mpor
tantpar
tint
headopt
ionandsust
ain-
abi
l
ityof
l
anguage.I
dent
it
yresear
chhasbecomei
ncr
easi
ngl
ypopul
ari
nthel
astdecade,
predomi
nant
ly
wi
thaf
ocusont
eacheri
dent
it
y.Thef
oll
owi
ngout
li
nepr
o-v
idesabr
iefov
erv
iewofi
dent
it
yand
t
her
oleofl
anguagedr
awi
ngonel
ement
soft
eacheri
dent
it
y(Akker
man&Mei
j
er,
2011)t
hatcan
beappl
i
edt
oal
lst
akehol
der
s.

Thesoci
alnat
ureofi
dent
it
y:Recogni
singhowt
her
oleof‘
other
s’i
nfl
uencet
hesel
fand
per
cept
ionofl
anguagel
ear
ningi
simpor
tant
.Forexampl
e,t
heat
ti
-t
udeofast
udentl
ear
ninga
secondl
anguagecanbei
nfl
uencedbyt
hei
rpar
ent
s,peer
s,t
eacher
sandcommuni
ty.Thi
s
i
nfl
uencecanbeseenatt
hemacr
o(soci
ety
),t
hemeso(
school
)andt
hemi
cro(
classr
oom)
(
Cost
a&Nor
ton,
2017)
.Bel
owar
eex-
ampl
esofhowr
elat
ionshi
pswi
thi
nthesoci
ety
,school
and
cl
assr
oom cani
nfl
uencet
heper
cept
ionofast
udentt
oal
anguage.

 Att
hemacr
olev
el,
thewayl
anguagei
srepr
esent
edandusedi
nsoci
ety
,forexampl
e,i
n
apr
edomi
nant
lyangl
ophonepr
ovi
ncel
i
keAl
ber
ta,
Canada,
Frenchi
sseenonpr
oduct
s
andr
oadsi
gns,
howev
ernotr
eadi
l
yhear
d.Thi
scani
nfl
uencet
hest
udent
s’r
elat
ionshi
p
wi
tht
hel
anguagebecauset
her
oleofFr
enchi
snotappar
enti
nthecommuni
ty.

 Themesol
evel
ref
erst
othel
anguagecul
tur
eatt
heschool
,of
tensetbyt
hel
eader
s,
t
eacher
sandpar
ent
s.Thebel
i
efsofapr
inci
pal
ont
het
opi
cofbi
l
ingual
educat
ionwi
l
l
ef
fect
ivel
ysett
het
oneoft
heschool
andi
nfl
uencet
her
elat
ionshi
poft
hest
affand
st
udent
stowar
dst
hel
anguagewi
thi
nthatschool
cont
ext
.

 Last
ly,
themi
crol
evel
happensi
nthecl
assr
oom,
wher
etheat
ti
tudeoft
het
eacher
,
par
ent
sandpeer
scani
nfl
uencet
her
elat
ionshi
poft
hest
udentandt
hel
anguage.

Themul
ti
pli
cit
yofi
dent
it
y:Her
mans(
2001)di
scussest
heconceptof“
mul
ti
-voi
cedeness”(
p.
324)v
iewi
ngi
dent
it
yascomposedofi
dent
it
ies.Akker
manandMei
-j
er(
2011)descr
ibeanI
-
posi
ti
on“
asa‘
voi
ced’
posi
ti
on,
thati
s,aspeaki
ngper
sonal
i
tybr
ingi
ngf
orwar
daspeci
fi
c
v
iewpoi
ntandst
ory
”(p.312)
.Eachi
dent
it
yhasadi
ff
erentst
ance(
I-
posi
ti
on)i
ndi
ff
erent
cont
ext
s.Forexampl
e,abi
l
ingual
Swedi
shst
udenti
nFi
nlandwoul
dhav
esub-
ident
it
iessuch
Fi
nni
sh,
bil
i
ngual
,st
udent
,daught
er/
son,
brot
her
/si
steret
c.Whenwev
iewi
dent
it
yinsucht
erms,
wecanbet
terunder
standhowmul
ti
plei
dent
it
iesar
enegot
iat
edi
ndi
ff
erentci
rcumst
ances.
Under
standi
ngi
dent
it
yar
guabl
yleadst
oabet
terunder
standi
ngofbi
l
ingual
educat
ionandcan
hel
ppr
omot
ebi
l
ingual
i
sm i
namor
ehol
i
sti
cwayt
hroughoutt
hewor
ld.

Thedi
scont
inui
tyofi
dent
it
y:r
efer
stot
henot
iont
hati
dent
it
yisst
agnant
.Int
hecaseofbi
l
ingual

8
educat
ion,
ther
eisani
nter
est
ingdi
scour
sebet
weent
hei
den-
ti
tyoft
hemat
ernal
languageand
t
hei
dent
it
yoft
hesecondl
anguage(
s).Forex-
ampl
e,t
hei
ntr
oduct
ionofanewl
anguagecan
compl
etel
yal
terper
cept
ionofsel
finr
elat
iont
othe“
old”i
dent
it
y.Wear
ether
efor
einast
ateof
const
antchange.

Languagei
mmer
sioni
ntwobi
l
ingual
count
ri
es

Asment
ionedi
nthef
orewor
d,t
hest
art
ingpoi
ntf
orourpar
tner
shi
pwi
tht
heSwedi
sh
Cul
tur
alFoundat
ioni
nthi
srepor
twast
hest
agnanti
nter
estf
orSwedi
shi
mmer
sioni
nFi
nland
(
despi
tei
tsov
er30y
ear
sofpr
act
ice)
.Thi
srepor
tther
efor
ehi
ghl
i
ght
sinspi
ri
ngpedagogi
cal
appr
oachest
oencour
agebi
l
ingual
i
sm andl
an-
guagel
ear
ningt
hatmi
ghtr
equi
reot
herorl
ess
r
esour
cest
hani
mmer
sion.

Nev
ert
hel
ess,
languagei
mmer
sioni
sanest
abl
i
shedandwel
l
-recogni
sedpeda-
gogi
cal
model
,wewi
l
lther
efor
ededi
cat
ethi
ssect
iont
obr
ief
lyexpl
ori
ngi
twi
thi
nthecont
extoft
wo
of
fi
cial
l
ybi
l
ingual
count
ri
es:
Swedi
shi
mmer
sioni
nFi
nland,
andFr
enchi
mmer
sioni
nCanada.

Languagei
mmer
sioni
sanumbr
ell
ater
mforanumberofappr
oachest
oim-
mer
se
st
udent
sinasecondl
anguage.Si
ncei
tsor
igi
nsi
nCanadai
nthel
ate1960s,
thei
mmer
sion
met
hodhasbeenadopt
edanddev
elopedi
nav
ari
etyofcont
ext
sandobj
ect
ives.Forabi
l
ingual
pr
ogr
am t
obel
abel
l
edi
mmer
sion,
resear
cher
siden-
ti
fysev
eral
“cor
efeat
ures”whi
chneedt
obe
mor
eorl
esspr
esent
,tonameaf
ew(
Swai
n&Johnson,
1997andLai
ti
nen,
2001)
:

Swedi
shi
mmer
sioni
nFi
nlandandFr
enchi
mmer
sioni
nCanadabot
himmer
sema-
jor
it
y-
l
anguagest
udent
sint
heot
herof
fi
cial
languageoft
hecount
ry,
whi
chi
sinami
nor
it
y.Bot
h
pr
ogr
amsal
sohav
esi
mil
ari
ntr
anat
ional
aimst
omai
ntai
nandboostsoci
etal
bil
i
ngual
i
sm
(
Swai
n&Johnson,
1997)
.Languagei
mmer
sioni
nFi
nlandi
sal
ocal
adapt
ati
onoft
heor
igi
nal
Canadi
anFr
enchi
mmer
sionmodel
,fi
rsti
mpl
e-ment
edi
nthel
ate1980s.

Ther
eisonei
mpor
tantdi
ff
erencewor
thment
ioni
ng,
thebi
l
ingual
cont
exti
nCan-
ada
i
nvol
vest
wol
argeandhi
gh-
stat
uswor
ldl
anguages,
FrenchandEngl
i
sh(
Baker
,2001,
p.237)
.It
i
seasyt
oar
guef
ort
heeconomi
candmar
ket
abl
eval
ueofl
anguageski
l
lsi
nbot
hEngl
i
shand
Fr
ench.Fi
nni
shandSwedi
shont
heot
herhand,
arebot
hint
ernat
ional
l
ymi
norl
anguages
(
Björ
klund,
1997,
p.99)
,andsomeFi
nni
sh-
languagev
iewst
endt
ofav
ourt
heeconomi
cval
ueof

9
l
argerl
anguagesov
erSwedi
sh,
suchasEngl
i
shorRussi
an.

Ashor
tcompar
isonofaf
ewsel
ect
edf
eat
uresofl
anguagei
mmer
sioni
ntheFi
nni
shand
Canadi
ancont
exti
sfeat
uredbel
ow.Next
,wewi
l
llett
hev
oicesoft
woex-
per
iencedi
mmer
sion
t
eacher
sshedsomel
i
ghtont
heov
eral
ltopi
cofi
mmer
sioneducat
ion:
onef
rom Fi
nlandandone
f
rom Canada.

BABI
IBI
LINGUALEDUCATI
ON:
ACOLLECTI
ONOFVOI
CES

Oneofmybi
ggestf
rust
rat
ionscor
rel
atest
omyownst
oryl
ear
ningSpani
sht
onowt
eachi
ngi
n
bi
l
ingual
educat
ion.St
udent
swi
thv
erysepar
ateneedsar
eal
lbei
ngpl
acedi
ntoonecl
assr
oom
f
rom secondl
anguagel
ear
ningt
ost
udent
swi
thdi
sabi
l
iti
es.I
nmyt
eachi
ngcont
ext
,Iwasabl
e
t
owor
kcl
osel
ywi
tht
heschool
admi
nist
rat
iont
ofi
ndway
sformet
oengagei
nthecl
assr
oom
andcr
eat
eadi
ff
erentcur
ri
cul
um t
hatwasmor
especi
fi
ctot
hedi
ff
erentneedsoft
hose
st
udent
s.

CHI
ARANI
CASTRO

Mygr
eat
estf
rust
rat
ioni
sthel
ackofl
eader
shi
pint
hisar
ea.Manyt
eacher
sandadmi
nist
rat
ors
ar
ewi
l
li
ngt
oimpl
ementchangebutsi
mpl
ydonothav
ethet
ool
sandsuppor
ttodoso.

HAYOREI
NDERS

Somet
imeswear
einasi
tuat
ion,
wher
eweshoul
dputEngl
i
shspeaki
ngi
mmi
grant
sint
heCLI
L
cl
ass.I
nmyopi
nion,
thi
sshoul
dnothav
etohappen.I
fsomebodyi
sgoi
ngt
oli
vei
nFi
nland,
they
hav
etol
ear
nFi
nni
sh.Buti
ftheyconst
ant
lyspeakEngl
i
sht
heydonotl
ear
nit
.Thi
ski
ndof
l
ear
ningi
snotbi
l
ingual
fort
hem.Thei
rcl
assmat
esl
ear
ngoodEngl
i
sh,
butwehav
etomake
sur
eourschool
syst
em i
sgoodf
oral
lofourci
ti
zens.

KAI
SAI
SOTALO.

Whatar
eyourhopesanddr
eamsf
ort
hef
utur
eofbi
l
ingual
educat
ion?

Myhopei
sthatwear
eabl
etogr
owwi
tht
hechangi
ngoft
imesandt
hegl
obal
i
zat
iont
hati
s
happeni
ngwi
thi
nbi
l
ingual
educat
ion.It
hinkt
hef
utur
eofbi
l
ingual
edu-
cat
ionneedst
obe

10
somet
hingt
hati
sfl
exi
blet
ochangeandnotsoconf
ormedt
other
igi
dnessofat
ext
book.We
needt
oli
stent
othest
udent
s.Beadapt
abl
e.

CHI
ARANI
CASTRO

I
tismyhopet
hatt
hroughbet
tereducat
ionwecangi
vet
eacher
-l
eader
sreal
agencyandi
nso
doi
ngmakebi
l
ingual
educat
ionmor
esust
ainabl
e.

HAYOREI
NDERS

Myhopesanddr
eamsf
ort
hef
utur
eofbi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
nAust
ral
i
aist
hatoneday
,itwoul
d
si
mpl
ybe‘
nor
mal
i
sed,
’t
oapoi
ntt
hatour‘
l
anguagecr
isi
s’wi
l
lnol
ongerbemaki
ngt
he
headl
i
nes,
andt
hatAust
ral
i
awoul
dtr
ansf
ormf
rom bei
nga‘
grav
eyar
dofl
anguages’
toa‘
hot
bed
f
orl
anguagel
ear
ning.
’

STANLEYWANG

Def
ini
ti
onofBi
l
ingual
Educat
ion

Weusebi
l
ingual
educat
ionasabr
oaderumbr
ell
ater
mforeducat
iont
hatusest
woormor
e
l
anguagest
oteachcont
ent
.Ourdef
ini
ti
oni
sst
rongl
yinspi
redbyGar
cía&Bear
dsmor
e’s
expandeddef
ini
ti
onofbi
l
ingual
educat
ion,
whi
chencompasseswhatmanywoul
dref
ert
oas
“
mul
ti
li
ngual
educat
ion”(
2011,
p.18)
.

Ouri
nnov
ati
onsel
ect
ionpr
ocesscanbedi
sti
l
ledi
ntof
ourdi
sti
nctst
ages:

STAGE1

i
nvol
veddi
scov
eri
ngl
eadi
ngi
nnov
ati
onswi
thHundr
ED’
sgl
obal
communi
tyofov
er400+
ambassador
sand100+y
out
hambassador
s.Byt
heendofouri
nnov
ati
onsear
ch,
wedi
scov
ered
ov
er100i
nnov
ati
onssubmi
tt
edgl
obal
l
y.Oft
hese:

 89t
argetpr
imar
ylev
eland65f
orsecondar
y

 48r
equi
redi
git
aldev
ices

 42r
equi
ret
hei
nter
net

11
  36pr
omot
epl
ayf
ull
ear
ning

 43non-
prof
it
,46f
or-
prof
it
,ot
her
semai
l
edt
ofi
ndt
hisi
nfor
mat
ion

 26t
argetadul
tsand93t
argetst
udent
s

STAGE2

I
swher
ewet
hor
oughl
yrev
iewedeachi
nnov
ati
onf
ori
tsi
mpactandscal
abi
l
ity
.Ashor
tl
istof30
i
nnov
ati
onst
hatar
eel
i
gibl
eandar
eofhi
ghqual
i
tyonbot
hcr
it
eri
awascr
eat
edbyHundr
ED’
s
Resear
chTeam.

Tobeshor
tl
ist
ed,
innov
ati
onsmusthav
edemonst
rat
edasi
gni
fi
cantamountofev
idencef
ort
he
f
oll
owi
ngt
womai
ncr
it
eri
a:

I
mpact
:Ev
aluat
edasav
aluabl
eimpr
ovementwi
thi
nthei
nnov
ati
on’
scont
ext
.Al
li
nnov
ati
ons
musthav
eat
-l
east1-
yearofbei
ngi
mpl
ement
edwi
thi
tsi
ntendeduser
s.

Scal
abi
l
ity
:Ei
thert
hei
nnov
ati
oni
sact
ivel
yexpandi
ngt
oot
hercont
ext
sorhasahi
ghdegr
eeof
t
ransf
erabi
l
ityf
orot
her
stoadopti
tspr
act
ice/
technol
ogy
.

STAGE3

TheAdv
isor
yBoar
drev
iewedt
heshor
tl
istofi
nnov
ati
ons–madeofov
er40ex-
per
tsi
nBi
l
ingual
Educat
ionf
rom ar
oundt
hewor
ldi
ncl
udi
ng:
academi
cs,
educat
ors,
andl
eader
sineducat
ion.

Webel
i
evet
hatt
hedi
ver
sit
yofexper
iencedper
spect
ivesf
rom awi
der
angeofcont
ext
sis
f
undament
all
yimpor
tantt
ooursel
ect
ionpr
ocess.Wi
thhel
pfr
om t
hesehi
ghl
yexper
ienced
per
spect
ives,
wecanbemuchmor
ecer
tai
nani
nnov
ati
oni
spot
ent
ial
l
ybot
himpact
ful
and
scal
abl
etoot
hercont
ext
s.

Thesel
ect
ionoft
heAdv
isor
yBoar
dinv
olv
edensur
ingt
heysuppor
tHundr
ED’
smi
s-si
ont
ohel
p
ev
erychi
l
dfl
our
ishi
nli
feandacar
eful
bal
ancef
orar
angeofexper
iencedst
akehol
der
sin
Bi
l
ingual
Educat
ion(
par
ti
cul
arl
yforgenderandcul
tur
aldi
ver
sit
y).

STAGE4

Al
lshor
tl
ist
edi
nnov
ati
onswer
erev
iewedbyt
heAdv
isor
yBoar
dandwer
erankedf
rom most
f
avour
abl
eresponsesbasedonourcr
it
eri
atot
hel
east
.Anynegat
ivecomment
sident
if
iedby
t
heAdv
isor
yBoar
dwer
eser
iousl
yconsi
der
edf
ir
stast
owhet
hert
hepr
obl
em r
aisedr
uledt
he

12
i
nnov
ati
onout
.

Fi
nal
l
y,t
heHundr
EDResear
chTeam andt
heSwedi
shCul
tur
alFoundat
ionpar
ti
ci-
pat
edi
na
st
ruct
uredwor
kshopt
hatsel
ect
edt
hei
nnov
ati
onst
obehi
ghl
i
ght
edi
nthi
sSpot
li
ght
.Int
his
wor
kshop,
theyconsi
der
edt
heAdv
isor
yBoar
drev
iewswhi
l
eai
mingt
ocov
eradi
ver
ser
angeof
:
(
a)appr
oachest
obi
l
ingual
educat
ion,
(b)l
evel
s,and(
c)t
argetgr
oups(
e.g.educat
ors,
par
ent
s,
andst
udent
s).

BABI
III
NNOVATI
ONS

A.Sel
ect
edi
nnov
ati
ons

Thef
inal
sel
ect
ionofi
nnov
ati
onshav
e:

 beenest
abl
i
shedf
rom 2003t
o2019

 spr
eadf
rom 1t
o71count
ri
es

 ar
angef
rom 1200t
o103000t
otal
user
s.

1.Gl
obal
MindsI
nit
iat
ive

2.Kami
l
ala

3.Ki
waDi
git
al

4.TheLanguageAmbassador
s

5.LanguageFr
iendl
ySchool

6.LanguagePar
ty

7.LanguageShower
ingi
nJy
väsky
lä

8.Li
nguacui
sine

9.Mot
herTongueEducat
ionf
orEar
lyLear
ner
s

10.Nor
deni
skol
en(
Nor
deni
nSchool
)

B.Gl
obal
MindsI
nit
iat
ive

13
 I
nschool
sacr
osst
heUni
tedSt
atesandCanada,
student
sfr
om ov
er50coun-
tr
iesmeet
af
terschool
tocombati
ntol
eranceandf
ost
eri
nter
cul
tur
alf
ri
endshi
ps.Desi
gned,
led,
andr
un
ent
ir
elybyy
out
h,t
hispr
ogr
am pai
rsnat
iveEngl
i
shspeaker
swi
thEngl
i
sh-
languagel
ear
ner
sto
suppor
tacademi
cper
for
manceandf
orgesoci
alunder
standi
ng.

Asgl
obal
migr
ati
oni
ncr
eases,
communi
ti
esar
oundt
hewor
ldar
ebecomi
ngmor
e
di
ver
se.Cul
tur
aldi
ver
sit
yisatanal
l
-ti
mehi
ghi
ntheUni
tedSt
ates,
andcont
inuest
ori
se.And
wi
thi
ncr
easeddi
ver
sit
ycomescul
tur
alconf
li
ctandmi
sunder
standi
ng,
whi
chcanl
eadt
o
xenophobi
a,di
scr
imi
nat
ion,
andv
iol
ence.

Ov
erhal
foft
hewor
ld’
sref
ugeesar
eundert
heageof18.I
nor
dert
ofl
our
ish,
thesechi
l
dren
needaposi
ti
ve,
wel
comi
ngenv
ironmentt
hatsuppor
tst
hei
rlanguagel
ear
ningandsoci
al
i
ntegr
ati
on.

HOW CANYOUTHLEADTHEWAYI
NCREATI
NGAWORLDWHEREI
MMI
GRANTAND
REFUGEESTUDENTSCANTHRI
VE?

Desi
gned,
led,
andr
unent
ir
elybyy
out
h,Gl
obal
Mindsdoest
wot
hingsatonce:
itf
orges
i
nter
cul
tur
alunder
standi
ngamongdi
ver
segr
oupsofy
oungpeopl
ewhi
l
esuppor
ti
ngi
mmi
grant
andr
efugeest
udent
slear
ningEngl
i
sh.

Nat
iveEngl
i
shspeaker
sandEngl
i
sh-
languagel
ear
ner
scomet
oget
heraf
terschool
once
aweekt
olear
nabouteachot
her
’scul
tur
esandpr
act
iceEngl
i
sht
hroughst
ruct
uredact
ivi
ti
es.
Theyal
socompl
eteser
vicepr
oject
sthatbenef
iti
mmi
grant
s,r
efugees,
andpeopl
eofcol
ori
n
t
hei
rcommuni
ti
es.

Si
nceest
abl
i
shi
ngt
hef
ir
stcl
ubatAl
l
der
diceHi
ghSchool
inPi
tt
sbur
gh,
Global
Mindshas
l
aunchedachapt
ermodel
tosuppor
tst
udent
sat22ot
herschool
acr
osst
heUni
tedSt
atesand
Canada,
wit
hnewchapt
ersbei
ngf
ormedmont
hly
.

I
ntheschool
soper
ati
ngGl
obal
Mindschapt
ers,
student
sofdi
ff
erentnat
ional
i
tiessi
t
t
oget
heratl
unch,
got
othemov
ies,
andsmi
l
eatoneanot
heri
nthehal
l
.Thesemi
ghtseem l
i
ke
smal
lact
s,butt
heyr
epr
esentst
epst
owar
dacul
tur
alshi
ftt
hati
sneededf
orev
erychi
l
dto
f
lour
ish.

Formor
einf
ormat
ion,
dat
a,andst
ori
escheckoutourendoft
hey
earev
aluat
ion:
ht
tp:
//gl
obal
minds.
wor
ld/
wp-
cont
ent
/upl
oads/
2018/
12/
Global
-Mi
nds-
Year
-Book-
web.
pdf
.

14
C.Kami
l
ala

Whati
sKami
l
ala?Kami
l
ala,
coor
dinat
edbyt
heDULALAassoci
ati
on,
isani
n-t
ernat
ional
net
wor
kofact
orswor
kingi
ntheeducat
ionsect
orwhoshar
eacom-
mongoal
:tomake
l
i
ngui
sti
candcul
tur
aldi
ver
sit
yar
esour
cet
oval
uebyshar
ingt
hear
ti
sti
cexper
ienceofa
mul
ti
li
ngual
kami
shi
bai
.

Kami
shi
bai
li
ter
all
ymeans«paper
-pl
ay»i
nJapanese紙芝居.I
tisast
ory
tel
l
ing
t
echni
quet
hatcomesf
rom Japan.St
reetst
ory
tel
l
erswoul
dper
for
minf
rontofchi
l
-dr
enwi
th
t
hesuppor
tofi
l
lust
rat
ionsdi
spl
ayedt
hroughawoodenf
rame(
but
ai)
.Eachi
mager
epr
oduces
anepi
sodeoft
hest
orywhi
l
ethecor
respondi
ngt
extcanber
eadatt
hebackoft
hef
rame.

Mul
ti
li
ngual
Kami
shi
bai
Compet
it
ionof
fer
seducat
orsandchi
l
drenacr
eat
iveandi
nnov
ati
ve
pr
ojectopent
othedi
ver
sit
yofl
anguages:
eachgr
oupcr
eat
esamul
ti
-l
ingual
stor
y(usi
ngat
l
eastf
ourl
anguages)accor
dingt
othekami
shi
bai
for
mat
.

Mul
ti
li
ngual
kami
shi
bai
impl
i
est
ell
i
ngast
oryi
naf
unandcapt
ivat
ingway
.Iti
sal
soa
power
ful
tool
fort
eacher
stohel
pchi
l
drenl
ear
ntor
ead,
wri
te,
expr
esst
hem-
sel
veswi
thwor
ds
andt
hrought
hear
ts…whi
l
eopeni
ngt
hem upt
olanguagesatt
hesamet
ime!

Atl
eastf
ourl
anguagesi
ntegr
atet
hest
oryort
hei
l
lust
rat
ions.Mul
ti
li
ngual
text
sref
lectt
he
di
ver
sit
yofl
anguagesspokenbynumer
ouspupi
l
swhocomef
rom t
hel
ocal
areaaswel
las
bey
ond.

D.Ki
waDi
git
al

Ki
waDi
git
ali
sawor
ld-
leadi
ngpr
oduct
ionhousef
orexper
ient
ial
digi
tal
apps.Ki
waDi
git
al
br
ingsst
ori
est
odi
git
all
i
feacr
ossl
anguagesandcul
tur
es,
usi
ngcut
-t
ingedget
echnol
ogyt
o
cr
eat
eimmer
siv
e,i
nter
act
ive,
andi
nst
ruct
iveexper
iences.Di
git
alpubl
i
shi
ngi
sthecor
eofKi
wa
Di
git
al,
andt
het
echnol
ogyenabl
esi
ndi
genousgr
oupst
ocommuni
cat
ethei
rownst
ori
esi
nthei
r
ownl
anguage!

Ki
wahasapassi
onf
orbr
ingi
ngst
ori
esandcul
tur
alt
reasur
est
oli
fef
ort
hedi
git
al
gener
ati
on!Di
git
alpubl
i
shi
ngi
satt
hecor
eofKi
waDi
git
al.Bypar
tner
ingwi
thcont
entowner
sto
pr
ovi
dedi
git
alpubl
i
shi
ngser
vices,
KiwaDi
git
albr
ingscont
entt
oli
fei
nthewayt
heor
igi
nal
aut
horal
way
sint
ended.

E.TheLanguageAmbassador
s

15
 TheLanguageAmbassador
svi
sitschool
sandt
alkaboutt
hei
rownuni
queandi
n-spi
ri
ng
exper
ienceswi
thl
anguagel
ear
ning.Wi
tht
heschool
visi
ts,
thest
udent
sgetaconcr
ete
under
standi
ngoft
heper
sonal
benef
it
sofknowi
ngl
anguagesi
nthewor
ldout
sideofschool
.
Thegoal
ist
oincr
easet
hest
udent
s’mot
ivat
iont
olear
nlanguages,
wit
hanemphasi
son
l
ear
ningSwedi
shi
nFi
nland.

Thenet
wor
kwant
stoi
mpr
ovet
heat
ti
tudest
owar
dsbi
l
ingual
i
sm andi
ncr
easet
he
under
standi
ngofwhatagr
eatper
sonal
resour
ceknowi
ngandspeaki
ngl
an-
guagesr
eal
l
yis.
Wi
tht
hehel
pofl
i
vingandl
ocal
languagel
ear
ningst
ori
es,
thegoal
ist
oawakent
hest
udent
s
i
nnermot
ivat
iont
olear
nandusel
anguages.

I
nor
dert
omaket
heexper
iencemor
erel
atabl
e,l
anguageambassador
susual
l
yvi
sit
school
sfr
om t
hei
rownhomear
ea.Asofnow,
theemphasi
sli
esont
het
woof
fi
cial
languages
ofFi
nland:
Finni
sh(
maj
ori
ty)andSwedi
sh(
minor
it
y),
andt
hemai
npur
-posei
stoev
okegr
eat
er
i
nter
estf
ort
henat
ional
minor
it
ylanguage.

Theambassador
svi
sitschool
sandor
gani
zat
ions,
andt
alkaboutt
hei
rownf
unand
i
nspi
ri
ngexper
ienceswi
thl
anguagel
ear
ning.Dur
ingt
hev
isi
t,t
hest
udent
scanal
sodi
scuss
t
hei
rpl
ansf
ort
hef
utur
e,andhowpr
ofi
ciencyi
nSwedi
shand/
orFi
nni
shcanf
urt
hert
heseor
opennewdoor
s.

F.LanguageFr
iendl
ySchool

ALanguageFr
iendl
ySchool
isananswert
othei
ncr
easi
ngmul
ti
li
ngual
i
sm pr
es-
enti
n
school
sacr
osst
hewor
ld;
aresul
tofpeopl
emi
grat
ingt
oot
herpl
acesseek-
ingempl
oyment
,
r
euni
ti
ngwi
thl
ovedonesorescapi
ngwarandconf
li
ct.Wi
thi
naLanguageFr
iendl
ySchool
,
ev
ery
onewel
comesandv
aluesal
ll
anguagesspokenbyt
hest
udent
s,t
hepar
ent
sandt
he
school
stakehol
der
s.Joi
nusi
nourmi
ssi
onandl
et’
smaket
hewor
ldal
anguagef
ri
endl
i
erpl
ace:
oneschool
atat
ime.

WHYSHOULDYOURSCHOOLBECOMEALANGUAGEFRI
ENDLYSCHOOL?

Ther
ear
emanybenef
it
sassoci
atedwi
thaneducat
iont
hatt
akesi
ntoaccountchi
l
dren’
smot
her
t
onguesorhomel
anguages:

• Chi
l
drenl
ear
nbet
terandf
ast
eri
nal
anguaget
heycanunder
stand

• Theyenj
oyschool
mor
e,t
heyf
eel
mor
eathome

16
 • Chi
l
drent
endt
oshowi
ncr
easedsel
f-
est
eem

• Par
ent
spar
ti
cipat
ioni
sincr
eased

• St
udi
eshav
erepor
tedt
hatwhenchi
l
drent
akeadv
ant
ageoft
hei
rmul
ti
li
ngual
i
sm
t
heyal
soenj
oyhi
ghersoci
oeconomi
cst
atus,
incl
udi
nghi
gherear
nings

• Onav
erage,
theschool
sper
for
m bet
ter
,repor
ti
ngl
essr
epet
it
ion

• Fi
nal
l
y,school
srepor
tchi
l
drenst
ayi
nschool
longer
.

G.LanguagePar
ty

Al
anguagepar
tyi
saf
reshandi
nti
mat
est
yleofcommuni
ty-
basedgat
her
ingt
hat
cel
ebr
atest
heseaofl
anguagesspokeni
nournei
ghbour
hoods,
townsandci
ti
es.Atany
gat
her
ing,
hel
dany
wher
eint
hewor
ld,
stor
ytel
l
ersshar
etal
esi
nthei
rmot
h-ert
onguet
hen
t
ransl
atet
hem i
ntot
hedomi
nantl
anguageoft
heaudi
ence.

Whati
sthepur
poseofaLanguagePar
ty?St
ory
tel
l
ingi
nlanguageenl
i
vensandenr
iches
communi
ti
es.I
tencour
agesspeaker
sofl
esser
-knownl
anguagest
okeept
hei
ror
alt
radi
ti
ons
st
rong.Pastaudi
encemember
sdescr
ibet
heexper
ienceofat
-t
endi
ngshowsas“
anawakeni
ng”
,
“
unexpect
edl
yenj
oyabl
eandi
nspi
ri
ng”
,“mov
ingandcompel
l
ing”and“
apr
ivi
l
eget
obepar
tof
”.
Mostofal
l
,thepur
posei
sther
ela-
ti
onshi
pst
hatar
ecr
eat
edi
nthepr
ocessofput
ti
ngona
l
anguagepar
ty.

THEGOALS

Thepur
poseofaLanguagePar
tyi
stocel
ebr
ateandconnect
:cel
ebr
atet
hel
i
n-gui
sti
c
di
ver
sit
yinourmi
dst
,andconnectpeopl
ewhoar
ekeepi
ngt
hei
rlanguagesst
rong.Theul
ti
mat
e
goal
issoci
alchangei
nwhi
chur
bancent
resbecomewel
comi
ngandnur
tur
ingspacesf
or
i
ndi
genousandi
mmi
grantpeopl
e.

I
nreal
i
ty,
thepeopl
ewhoat
tendaLanguagePar
tyar
eal
ready‘
conv
ert
ed’
.Thus,
wesee
t
hepr
imar
yaudi
enceofsoci
alchangeast
hest
ory
tel
l
erst
hemsel
ves.Byowni
ngt
hei
rlanguage
i
napubl
i
cpl
aceandbyhav
ingpeopl
eli
steni
ngat
tent
ive-
ly
,st
ory
tel
l
ersexper
iencer
ecogni
ti
on,
newpr
idei
nthei
rident
it
y.Theyr
esol
vet
okeept
hei
rlanguagesst
rong.Forr
ecent
ly-
arr
ived
i
mmi
grant
s,t
hisi
sa‘
str
engt
hs-
basedappr
oach’
tol
ear
ningt
hel
ocal
l
ydomi
nantl
anguage.
LanguagePar
ti
esar
easour
ceofr
efr
eshmentandencour
agementf
orany
onei
nthe‘
l
ingui
sti
c
f
rontl
i
ne’
.

17
H.LanguageShower
ingi
nJy
väsky
lä

Languageshower
ingi
samet
hodoff
orei
gnl
anguaget
eachi
ngwher
epr
eschool
t
eacher
s,att
imes,
uset
argetl
anguagesdur
ingt
hechi
l
dren’
sev
ery
dayact
ivi
ti
es.Thepr
imar
y
ai
m oft
hemet
hodi
stopr
ovi
deposi
ti
veexper
iencesofl
anguagesandl
anguagel
ear
ning.I
nthe
ci
tyofJy
väsky
lä,
languageshower
inghasbecomeaper
-manentact
ivi
ty,
creat
ingposi
ti
ve
exper
iencesf
oral
li
nvol
ved!

Thef
orei
gnl
anguagei
susedoccasi
onal
l
yandwher
eitf
it
snat
ural
l
y,whi
chena-
blest
he
maj
ori
tyoft
hel
anguagebei
ngspokent
obet
hecount
ry’
sof
fi
cial
languagewi
tht
hef
orei
gn
l
anguagebei
ngshower
edher
eandt
her
e.

Languageshower
ingi
sanof
fi
cial
par
toft
heear
lychi
l
dhoodeducat
ioncur
ri
cul
um i
nthe
ci
tyofJy
väsky
lä,
wher
etheshower
ingl
anguagesar
eEngl
i
sh,
Ger
man,
FrenchandRussi
an.The
v
ari
ati
onofl
anguagesi
supt
othet
eacher
s:somepr
efert
omi
xthem updai
l
y,buti
tis
r
ecommendedt
ouseonef
orei
gnl
anguageov
eral
ongerper
iodoft
imesoast
onotconf
use
l
anguagesandt
ofur
thersuppor
tlear
ning.

I
.Li
nguacui
sine

TheLi
nguacui
sinepr
ojectpr
omot
esandexpl
oresl
ear
ningofdi
git
all
i
ter
acy
,lan-
guages,
cui
si
nesandcul
tur
es.Thef
reeLi
nguacui
sineapphel
psy
oul
ear
nal
anguagewhi
l
eyou’
re
cooki
ngameal
.Wi
tht
extandv
ideo,
yoursmar
tphoneort
abl
etwi
l
ltal
kyout
hrought
hest
ages
ofcooki
ngar
eci
pei
nthechosenf
orei
gnl
anguage.Bestofal
l
,wheny
ou’
vef
ini
shed,
youcaneat
t
hef
oody
ou’
vecooked!

LI
NGUACUI
SINEFORTEACHERS

 TheLi
nguacui
sineappcanbeusedf
orf
orei
gnl
anguagel
essons,
butal
sof
orcooker
y
l
essonsandcr
oss-
cur
ri
cul
um pr
oject
s.St
udent
scanuset
heappt
ocookandl
ear
nin
t
heki
tchenathomeaswel
lasatschool
.Ther
eisapr
izef
ort
hebestr
eci
pe!

 Theappi
sagoodwayofpr
epar
ingst
udent
sforaf
orei
gnt
ri
pasi
thel
psengaget
hem
wi
tht
hecui
sine,
cul
tur
eandl
anguagei
nadv
ance.

 St
udent
scanal
sowr
it
ethei
rownr
eci
pesi
nthei
rownl
anguage,
inf
ormi
ngpeopl
e
abr
oadaboutt
hei
rcul
tur
eandcui
sine.

18
  I
tisal
soanexcel
l
entwayofget
ti
ngl
ear
ner
stocommuni
cat
ewi
thl
ear
ner
sinot
her
count
ri
es.Vi
deol
i
nkshav
ebeenav
ail
abl
eforsomet
ime,
butLi
nguacui
sinemeanst
hat
l
ear
ner
sindi
ff
erentcount
ri
escandoenj
oyabl
eshar
edact
ivi
ti
est
oget
her
,cooki
ng
r
eci
pesf
rom t
heot
hercount
ri
eswhi
l
stl
ear
ningaboutt
heot
herl
anguageandcul
tur
e.

 Di
git
alski
l
lscanal
sobedev
elopedbyusi
ngt
he‘
reci
pebui
l
der
’aut
hor
ingsof
twar
e.
Li
nguacui
sinehaspr
oducedacer
ti
fi
cat
ionsy
stem f
ort
heapp’
sdi
git
alcompet
ences.

J.Mot
herTongueEducat
ionf
orEar
lyLear
ner
s

Mot
herTongueEducat
ionf
orEar
lyLear
ner
s,orMTE,
prov
idest
het
rai
ninganddev
elops
t
hel
ear
ningandt
eachi
ngmat
eri
alsr
equi
red,
tot
eachl
ear
ner
sint
hei
rmot
hert
ongue.MTE
wor
kst
opr
oduceear
lyr
eaderbooksandot
hermat
eri
alst
osuppor
tli
ter
acyandnumer
acyt
hat
ar
elocal
l
yappr
opr
iat
eandcul
tur
all
yrel
evant
.

HOW DOESI
TWORK?

Byt
eachi
ngchi
l
dreni
nthei
rmot
hert
onguewhent
heyst
artschool
,l
ear
ner
sar
enotonl
y
abl
etol
ear
nmor
equi
ckl
ybutar
ebet
terpr
epar
edt
olear
nthenat
ional
languageoranysecond
l
anguagee.
g.Engl
i
sh.Thi
sset
sthem oncour
set
orecei
veal
lthebenef
it
sthatar
eav
ail
abl
eto
peopl
ewhocompl
etet
hei
reducat
ion.

MTEpr
ovi
dest
het
rai
ninganddev
elopst
hel
ear
ningandt
eachi
ngmat
eri
alsr
equi
redt
o
t
eachl
ear
ner
sint
hei
rmot
hert
ongue.MTEwor
kst
opr
oduceear
lyr
eaderbooksandot
her
mat
eri
alst
osuppor
tli
ter
acyandnumer
acyt
hatar
elocal
l
yappr
opr
iat
eandcul
tur
all
yrel
evant
.
Thi
scanr
angef
rom r
eadi
ngmat
eri
alder
ivedf
rom l
ocal
sto-
ri
esandpoemst
omat
eri
alt
hat
addr
essesi
mpor
tantsoci
ali
ssuessuchasheal
thcar
e.

I
nsuppor
ti
ngl
ocal
languagei
nst
ruct
ionMTEwor
kscl
osel
ywi
thpar
ent
sint
he
communi
ty,
whoar
eof
tenkeent
ohav
ethei
rchi
l
dreni
nst
ruct
edi
nthenat
ional
language,
seei
ng
t
hisast
hel
anguageofsuccess.MTEhel
pspar
ent
stounder
standt
hatl
ocal
languagel
i
ter
acy
wi
l
lbet
terpr
epar
ethei
rchi
l
drenf
ort
hef
utur
e,andMTEal
sosuppor
tspar
ent
sthemsel
vest
o
gai
nlocal
languagel
i
ter
acy
,enabl
i
ngmanyoft
hem t
oreadandwr
it
efort
hef
ir
stt
imei
nthei
r
l
i
ves.

K.Nor
deni
skol
en(
Nor
deni
nSchool
)

Nor
deni
skol
en(
Nor
deni
nSchool
)isaf
reeeducat
ional
plat
for
mfort
hewhol
eof

19
Nor
den!Thepl
atf
orm of
fer
sK12educat
ional
mat
eri
ali
nal
lNor
dicl
anguages.Nor
deni
skol
eni
s
af
orum wher
eNor
dicst
udent
scangenui
nel
yexper
ienceandconnectwi
tht
hei
rcl
osel
yrel
ated
nei
ghbour
ingl
anguagesandcount
ri
est
hroughcommonNor
dict
hemes,
subj
ect
sand
per
spect
ives.

Thef
ir
standonl
yofi
tski
nd,
Nor
deni
skol
eni
sthel
argestj
ointNor
diceducat
ional
plat
for
m.
Thest
atedobj
ect
iveoft
hecommonnon-
prof
itpr
ojecti
stor
evi
tal
i
zet
heeducat
ioni
ntheNor
dic
l
anguagesandt
ost
rengt
hent
heawar
enessofNor
diccul
tur
alunder
standi
ng.

Theeducat
ional
mat
eri
ali
smul
ti
li
ngual
–av
ail
abl
einal
lNor
dicl
anguages–anddi
ver
se:
ext
ract
sfr
om booksandnov
els,
shor
tfi
l
ms,
games&musi
cvi
deos,
cov
eri
ngt
hesubj
ectar
eas
of“
LanguageandCul
tur
e”,
“Hi
stor
yandSoci
ety
”,and“
Cli
mat
eandNat
ure”f
rom aNor
dic
per
spect
ive.Themat
eri
ali
scent
redar
oundr
eadi
ngandl
i
steni
ngcompr
ehensi
on.

BABI
VCONCLUDI
NGREMARKS

Bi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
saboutsomuchmor
ethanl
ear
ninganot
herl
anguageorr
eachi
nga
hi
ghl
evel
off
luency
.Int
hisr
epor
t,t
heunder
lyi
nget
hosi
nbi
l
ingual
educat
ionsuppor
tsan
awar
eness,
tol
eranceandappr
eci
ati
onoft
heposi
ti
vev
alueofl
i
ngui
sti
candcul
tur
aldi
ver
sit
y.
Thr
oughcel
ebr
ati
ngdi
ver
sit
y,Bi
l
ingual
Educat
ioncanenabl
eanenv
ironmentwher
eev
ery
one
canbenef
itf
rom deepeni
ngandbr
oadeni
nganunder
standi
ngoft
hewor
ldwel
i
vei
n.

1.ENACTRADI
CALI
NCLUSI
ONBYNORMALI
SINGBI
LINGUALI
SM I
NSCHOOLS

Ani
ncl
usi
veenv
ironmenti
sar
guabl
yoneoft
hef
undament
alf
eat
urest
othe
successofbi
l
ingual
educat
ion.Thef
reedom t
oembr
aceone’
sownl
anguagei
dent
it
y
wi
thi
nthegr
eat
erschool
-wi
decul
tur
e,i
ncr
easesaccept
anceofsel
fandsenseof
bel
ongi
ngwhi
chl
i
esatt
hehear
tofbi
l
ingual
educat
ion.Al
li
nnov
ati
onssel
ect
edf
ort
his
Spot
li
ghti
nonewayoranot
herembodyt
hespi
ri
tofr
adi
cal
incl
usi
onbyencour
agi
ngand
pr
omot
ingt
hepowerofembr
aci
ngone’
smot
hert
ongue,
languagel
ear
ning&
bi
l
ingual
i
sm.

2.I
DENTI
FYROLEMODELSI
NEACHCOMMUNI
TYANDCELEBRATETHEM REGULARLY

Thei
mpor
tanceofr
olemodel
sineducat
iongoesbey
ondt
hel
anguagei
tsel
f,but
exposi
ngst
udent
stot
heaut
hent
icoppor
tuni
ti
esandpossi
bil
i
tiest
hatknowi
ngmul
ti
ple
l
anguagesof
fer
.Thi
sisaneasyandef
fect
ivewayt
obr
ingr
eal
-l
if
ebi
l
ingual
exper
iences
t
ost
udent
s,l
i
ber
ati
ngt
hel
anguagef
rom t
heconf
inesofaneducat
ion-
alcont
ext
.

20
 Sel
ect
edi
nnov
ati
onst
ohel
pther
ecogni
ti
onandi
nvol
vementofr
olemodel
sinbi
l
ingual
env
ironment
sar
eGl
obal
MindsI
nit
iat
ive,
LanguageAmbassador
sandLanguagePar
ty.

3.LEADERS/
PRI
NCI
PALSNEEDTOPARTI
CIPATEI
NTHEI
MPLEMENTATI
ONOF
BI
LINGUALEDUCATI
ONI
NNOVATI
ONS

Bi
l
ingual
educat
ioni
nnov
ati
onswor
kbesti
nci
rcumst
anceswher
ethe
educat
ional
leaderandpr
inci
pal
isnotonl
yabl
ebutal
sost
rongl
ycommi
tt
edt
o
par
ti
cipat
eint
hei
rimpl
ement
ati
on.Wi
tht
hesuppor
tfr
om t
heeducat
ional
andschool
l
eader
shi
p,t
heconsci
ousnessofawhol
ecommuni
tycanbebui
l
ttocul
ti
vat
eaheal
thy
andsuccess-
ful
env
ironmentf
orbi
l
ingual
educat
ion.Thei
nnov
ati
onsLanguageFr
iendl
y
School
,LanguageShower
ingi
nJy
väsky
läandMot
herTongueEducat
ionf
orEar
ly
Lear
ner
spr
ovi
dewhol
eschool
,ci
tyandcommuni
tyappr
oachest
obi
-and
mul
ti
li
ngual
i
sm.

4.CREATEREGULAROPPORTUNI
TIESFORPARENTSANDTHECOMMUNI
TYTOCOME
TOGETHERI
NORDERTOCELEBRATETHEI
RVARI
OUSLANGUAGESANDCULTURES

Thesay
ing“
itt
akesav
il
laget
orai
seachi
l
d”,
iscer
tai
nlyt
ruewheni
tcomest
o
bi
l
ingual
educat
ion.Ther
esponsi
bil
i
tyofl
anguagel
ear
ningdoesnotst
aywi
thi
nthe
conf
inesofaschool
butr
atheri
nvol
vest
heent
ir
ecommuni
ty.Gl
obal
MindsI
nit
iat
ive,
LanguageFr
iendl
ySchool
,LanguagePar
tyandMot
herTonguef
orEar
lyLear
ner
sal
l
enabl
e,suppor
tandencour
ageposi
ti
vemul
ti
li
ngual
andmul
ti
cul
tur
almi
ndset
swi
thi
n
t
hewhol
ecommuni
ty.

5.ASKWHATSUPPORTEDUCATORSNEEDANDPROVI
DEI
TTOTHEM

I
nvol
vi
ngandempower
ingbi
l
ingual
educat
orsal
lrequi
rescommuni
cat
ion.Com-
muni
cat
iononwhatt
heeducat
orsact
ual
l
yneed–mat
eri
als,
knowl
edge,
peopl
e,
i
nst
rument
s–t
obui
l
dfunct
ioni
ngandcr
eat
ivebi
l
ingual
classr
ooms.Thesel
ect
ed
i
nnov
ati
onsNor
deni
skol
en(
Nor
deni
nSchool
),Kami
l
ala,
KiwaDi
git
alandLi
nguacui
sine
pr
ovi
deeducat
orswi
thi
nter
act
iveandi
nter
disci
pli
nar
ytool
sandi
deast
opl
ayar
ound
wi
thandappl
ytot
hei
rrespect
ivebi
l
ingual
teachi
ngenv
ironment
s!

21
 BABI
II

PEMBAHASAN

A.Kel
ebi
handanKel
emahanBuku

BUKUUTAMA

a.Kel
ebi
hanBuku

 Sampul(
cov
er)bukut
erl
i
hatmenar
ik,sehi
nggamenambahmi
natbaca
bagi
siswa.

 Menggunakanbahasay
angmudahdi
pahami
pembaca.

 Ter
dapatt
ujuan dan kel
emahan ser
ta kel
ebi
han dal
am set
iap model
pembel
ajar
an kooper
ati
f sehi
ngga dapat mendor
ong penget
ahuan
pembacamengenai
mat
eri
yangdi
j
elaskandi
dal
am buku.

 Diset
iapbabny
apenul
i
smembuatsat
ukesi
mpul
anat
aur
angkumany
ag
mudahdi
pahami
.

 Ter
dapatt
abel
yangmemper
jel
asmaksuddar
iti
apmat
eri
.

 Tat
alet
ak/l
ayoutbukusudahbai
k.

b.Kel
emahanBuku

 Pembahasansat
umat
eri
ter
lal
udal
am danl
uas

BUKUPEMBANDI
NG

a.Kel
ebi
han

22
  Cov
erbukubagusdenganwar
nay
angmenar
ikper
hat
ianpar
apembaca

 Menggunakanbahasay
angsangatmudahdi
menger
ti

 Tat
alet
ak/
lay
outbukusangatbagus

 Ter
dapatt
ujuan ser
ta kel
ebi
han dan kel
emahan dal
am set
iap model
pembel
ajar
ankooper
ati
f.

 Si
stemat
ikapenul
i
sanbukusangatbagus

 Penj
elasanset
iapbabny
ajel
asdanl
engkap

 Pembahasanmat
eri
nyacukupl
uas

b.Kekur
angan

 Pembahasany
angt
erdapatpadabukukeduai
nit
erl
alumendal
am.

 Ter
kadangadakat
a-kat
ayangt
idakber
hubungandengankal
i
maty
angada
di
bukut
ersebut
.

23
 BABI
V

PENUTUP

A.Kesi
mpul
an

Bukui
nimer
upakanbukuy
angber
isimat
erimengenaiPembel
ajar
anBi
l
ingual
.
Di
manaset
elahmembacakeduabukui
nidapatmember
ikankesi
mpul
anbahwamat
eri
di buku i
ni r
ata-
rat
a membahas mengenai bagai
mana pembel
ajar
an bi
l
ingual
di
l
aksanakan.Tent
usaj
ater
dapatkeunggul
anmaupunkel
ebi
handal
am masi
ng-
masi
ng
buku.

Dal
am pembahasankeduabukui
nimasi
hadakat
ayangmasi
hkur
angber
kenan
dal
am pembahasan sehi
ngga pembaca mer
asakan beber
apa subab y
ang masi
h
pembacakur
angpahami
.

B.Sar
an

Sar
ansay
aadal
ahper
ludi
per
hat
ikankembal
idal
am penul
i
sankat
amengenai
kekur
anganhur
ufsehi
nggat
idakmembi
ngungkanpembacadal
am memahamimat
eri
t
ersebut
.

24
 DAFTARPUSTAKA

Adesope,
O.O.
,Lav
in,
T.,
Thompson,
T.&Unger
lei
der
,C.(
2010)
.ASy
stemat
icRev
iewandMet
a-

Anal
ysi
soft
heCogni
ti
veCor
rel
atesofBi
l
i sm.Rev
ngual
i iewofEducat
ionalResear
ch,
80(
2),
207–245.

Baker
,C.( .Foundat
2001) ionsofbi
l
ingualeducat
ionandbi
l
ingual
i
sm (
3rded.
).Cl
evedon
[
Engl
and];

Buf
fal
o[N.
Y.]
:Mul
ti
li
ngual
Mat
ter
s.

_
___
___
_( .Foundat
2006) ionsofbi
l
ingualeducat
ionandbi
l
ingual
i
sm (
4thed.
)Cl
evedon:
Mul
ti
li
ngual

Mat
ter
s.

Ber
grot
h,M.( .Ref
2016) ormi
ngt
henat
ionalcor
ecur
ri
cul
um f
orbi
l
ingualeducat
ioni
nFi
nland.
Jour
nal

ofI
mmer
sionandCont
ent
-BasedLanguageEducat
ion,
4(1)
,86–107.

Gr
osj
ean,
F.( .Bi
2010) l
ingual
:Li
feandr
eal
i
ty.Cambr
idge,
Mass.
:Har
var
dUni
ver
sit
yPr
ess.

Cummi
ns,
J.( .Language,
2000) powerandpedagogy
:Bi
l
ingualchi
l
dreni
nthecr
ossf
ir
e.
Cl
evedon

[
Engl
and];
Buf
fal
o[N.
Y.]
:Mul
ti
li
ngual
Mat
ter
s.

Hay
day
,M.(
2015)
.SoTheyWantUst
oLear
nFr Pr
ench: omot
ingandOpposi
ngBi
l
ingual
i
sm i
n

Engl
i
sh-
Speaki
ngCanada.Vancouv
er:
UBCPr
ess.

Gar
cía,
O.&Bear
dsmor
e,H.B.( .Bi
2008) l
ingualeducat
ioni
nthe21stcent
ury
:Agl
obal
per
spect
ive.

Mal
den(
MA)
:Bl
ackwel
lPub.

25