BAB VII

PERENCANAAN TULANGAN BALOK

7.1 KODEFIKASI BALOK

Gambar 7.1 Kode denah balok

7.2 DATA PERENCANAAN

a. Data Struktur Balok B1
Lebar Balok (B1) = 300 mm
Tinggi Balok (B1) = 600 mm
Mu- = 167,479 kNm
Mu+ = 145,805 kNm
Vu- = 75,366 kNm
Vu+ = 72,888 kNm
b. Data Material
f'c = 30 MPa

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 fy, mutu baja (fy) > Ø 12 mm = 240 MPa
fy, mutu baja (fy) < Ø 12 mm = 240 MPa
β = 0,85
Es = 200000 MPa
εc = 0,003

7.3 ANALISIS PERENCANAAN BALOK

7.3.1 Tulangan Tumpuan
a. Rasio Penulangan
ρb = (0,85*f'c*ß)/ [fy *(600/600+fy)]
= (0,85*30*ß)/ [240 *(600/600+240)]
= 0,0314
ρmax = 0,75 * ρb
= 0,75 * 0,0314
= 0,02355
ρ = 0,5 * ρb
= 0,5 * 0,0314
= 0,0157
ρ pakai adalah ρ terkecil = 0,0268
b. Koefisien Perlawanan ( R1 )
m = fy / (0,85 * f'c)
= 240 / 0,85 * 30
=16,0784
R1 = ρ*fy*(1-0,5*ρ*m )
= 0,0157*240*(1-0,5*0,0157*16,0784 )
= 5,625 MPa
Mn = Mu- / Ø
= 167,479/ 0,8
= 20,9348750 kNm
= 209348750 Nmm

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 bd² = Mn / R1
= 209348750 / 5,625
= 37215001,8 mm³
c. Perhitungan tinggi balok yang digunakan ( h pakai)

Gambar 7.2 Luas Tarik Efektif Beton

(Sumber: SNI 03-2847-2002)

bd 2
Dperlu =
b
37215001,82
=
300
= 352,207 mm
Selimut beton, s = 30 mm
d tulangan, Ø = 16 mm
d tul geser = 10 mm
h perlu = d perlu + ds , nilai ds di dapat dari :
d' = Selimut beton + d tul geser +½ Ø tul
= 30 + 10 + ½*16
= 48 mm
ds = Selimut beton + Ø tul + ½ Ø tul
= 30 + 16 + ½*16
= 48 mm

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 Hperlu = d perlu + ds
= 352,207+ 48
= 400,207 mm
H pakai adalah h terkecil h perlu < h balok
400,207 mm < 600 mm
Nilai h pakai =400 mm

d. Perhitungan Tinggi Efektif

Gambar 7.3 Skema Penampang Beton

(Sumber: SNI 03-2847-2002)

ddesak = h pakai – ds
= 400 – 48
= 352,207 mm
dtarik = h pakai - d'
= 400 – 48
= 352,207 mm

7.3.1.1 Perhitungan Tulangan Desak

a. Koefisien Perlawanan
R2 = γ * R1
= 0,5 * 5,625
= 2,812 Mpa

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 M1 = R2 * b * d desak²
= 2,812* 300 * 352,207²
= 104674375 Nmm

M2 = Mn – M1
= 209348750 – 104674375
= 104674375 Nmm
b. Luas tulangan desak perlu
M2
As' perlu =
fy (d desak−d ' )
104674375
=
240(352,207−48)
= 839,241 mm²
c. Luas tulangan rencana
D tul = 16 mm
As D tulangan = ¼ * π * D2
= ¼ * π * 162
= 201,061 mm²
e. Jumlah tulangan perlu
A s ' perlu
n =
As d tul
839,241
=
201,061
= 4,174
Nilai n Pakai = 5 tulangan
As' ada = n * As D tul
= 5 * 201,061
= 1005,309 mm²
Checking : As’ada > As’ perlu
1005,309 mm² > 839,241 mm² → AMAN!!
Jadi tulangan desak tumpuan menggunakan : 5 D 16

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7.3.1.2 Perhitungan Tulangan Tarik
a. Luas tulangan tarik perlu
Ρ baru =γ*ρ
= 0,5 * 0,0157
= 0,00785
As Perlu = (ρ baru * b* d tarik) + As’ ada
= (0,00785* 300 * 352,207) + 1005,309
= 1668,833 mm²
b. Luas tulangan rencana
D tul = 16 mm
As D tulangan = ¼ * π * D2
= ¼ * π * 162
= 201,061 mm²
c. Jumlah Tulangan Perlu
As perlu
n =
As d tul
1668,833
=
201,061
= 8,3
n pakai = 9 tulangan
As ada = n * As D tul
= 9 * 201,061
= 1809,557 mm²
Jadi tulangan tarik tumpuan menggunakan : 9 D 16

Jumlah tulangan maksimum dalam satu baris

n = (b – 2 tebal selimut)/(Sn + D)
= (300 – 2*50)/(25+25)
= 4 tulangan

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7.3.2 Tulangan Lapangan
a. Data perencanaan (dari perhitungan tulangan desak)
Mu+ = 30,396 kNm
ρ maks = 0,0403
R1 = 5,471 MPa
d desak = 527,5 mm
b. Kontrol perencanaan tulangan
Mn = Mu+ / φ
= 30,3967/ 0,8
= 37995875 Nmm
εs∗Es∗d desak
Cb =
( εs∗Es ) + Fy
0,003∗200000∗527,5
=
( 0,003∗200000 ) +240
= 376,785 mm
a max = 0,75 * ß * Cb
= 0,75 * 0,85 * 376,785
= 240,200 mm
Mn = 0,85.f'c.a.b. (d-a/2 )
11920,274 = 1055 a - 1 a²
0 = -11920,274 + 1055a - 1 a²
Diselesaikan dengan rumus abc, didapat nilai a :
−b+ √ b2 −4 a .c
a1 =
2. a
= 11,422 mm
−b−√ b2−4 a . c
a2 =
2. a
=1043,577 mm
Nilai a pakai = 11,422 mm

7.3.2.1 Perhitungan Tulangan Desak

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a. Luas tulangan desak perlu
R2 = γ * R1
= 0,5 * 5,41
= 2,735 MPa
M1 = R2 * b * d desak²
= 2,735 * 300 * 527,52
= 228381856,2 Nmm
M2 = Mn – M1
= 37995875 – 228381856,2
= - 19038591 Nmm
M2
As' perlu =
fy∗( d desak−d' )
−19038591
=
240∗(527,5−62,5)
= - 1743,469 mm²
b. Luas tulangan rencana
D tul = 25 mm
As D tul = ¼ * π * D²
= ¼ * π * 252
= 490,873 mm²
c. Jumlah tulangan perlu
A s ' perlu
n =
As d tul
17 43,469
=
490,873
= - 3,552
Nilai n pakai = 4 tulangan
As'ada = n * As D tul
= 4* 490,873
= 1963,495 mm²
Jadi tulangan desak lapangan menggunakan : 4 D 25

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7.3.2.2 Perhitungan Tulangan Tarik
a. Luas tulangan tarik perlu
0,85∗f c '∗a∗b
As Perlu =
fy
0,85∗25∗11,244∗300
=
240
= 303,410 mm²
b. Luas tulangan rencana
D tul = 22 mm
As D tul = ¼ * π * D²
= ¼ * π * 222
= 490,873 mm²
d. Jumlah tulangan perlu
A s ' perlu
n =
As d tul
303,410
=
490,873
= 0,618
Nilai n pakai = 2 tulangan
As'ada = n * As D tul
= 2 * 490,873
= 981,747 mm²
Jadi tulangan desak lapangan menggunakan : 2 D 25
e. Kontrol momen tersedia
Cc = Ts
0,85*f’c*a*b = As ada tarik * fy
As ada tarik∗fy
a =
0,85∗f ’ c∗b
981,747∗240
=
0,85∗25∗300
= 36,959 mm
Mn = 0.85 * f'c * a * b * (d-½a)

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 = 0.85 * 25 * 36,959 * 300 * (527,5 - ½ * 36,959)
= 119935022,1 Nmm
= 199,935 kNm
Φ Mn = 0,8 * Mn
= 0,8 * 199,935
= 95,948 kNm
Checking: Φ Mn > Mu+
95,948 kNm > 30,396 kNm → AMAN!!

7.3.3 Kontrol Momen

7.3.3.1 Kontrol Rasio
ρ ada = As ada / b*d
= 0,0537
ρ' ada = As’ ada / b*d
= 0,0268
ρ min = 1,4 / fy
= 0,0010
ρ maks = 0,0403
ρ ada – ρ’ ada = 0,0269
Syarat:
(ρ ada – ρ’ ada) > ρ min → 0,0269 > 0,0058 ... AMAN!!
(ρ ada – ρ’ ada) < ρ maks → 0,0269 < 0,0403 ... AMAN!!
7.3.3.2 Kontrol momen Mg-
As’ ada = 2945,234 mm2
As ada = 4908,738 mm2
Cc = 0.85 * f'c * a * b
= 0.85 * 25 * 0,85 * c * 300
= 5418,75 c
Cs = As' ada * εc * Es * (c-d’)/c
= 2945,234* 0,003 * 200000 * (c – 62,5)/c

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 = (1767145,868 c. d’)/c
Ts = As ada * fy
= 4908,738* 240
= 1178097,245 MPa
0 = Cc-Cs+Ts
0 = 5418,75 c–1767145,868. d’)/c -1178097,245
1 = c2 – 108,706 – 23643,474
Diselesaikan dengan rumus abc, didapat nilai c :
−b+ √ b2 −4 a .c
c1 =
2. a
= 108,735 mm
−b+ √ b2 −4 a .c
c2 =
2. a
= 217,440 mm
Nilai c Pakai = 108,735 mm
εs∗Es∗c−d '
fs' =
c
0,003∗200000∗108,735−62,5
=
108,735
= 199,945 MPa
Karena fs' < fy maka :
fs' pakai = 240 MPa
a = 0,85 * c
= 0,85 * 108,735
= 92,424 mm
Mg- = 0.85 * fc’ * a * b * ( d – a/2) + (As’ * fs’ * (d-d’)
= 594217502,3 Mpa
= 594,217 kNm
φMg- = 475,374 kNm
Cek kontrol keamanan:
φMg- > Mu-

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 475,374kNm > 69,173 kNm → AMAN!!

7.3.3.3 Kontrol momen Mg+

As’ ada = 2945,243 mm2
As ada = 4908,738 mm2
Cc = 0,85 * f'c * a * b
= 5418,75 c
' ada∗ϵs∗Es∗c−d '
Cs = As
c
c−62,5
= 2945243,113 *
c
Ts = As ada * Fy
= 706858,347
Cc + Cs – Ts = 0
c−62,5
5418,75 c + 2945243,113 * - 706858,347= 0
c
c2 + 2238384,766 c – 213530126 = 0
Diselesaikan dengan rumus abc, didapat nilai c :
−b+ √ b2 −4 a .c
c1 =
2. a
= 79,928 mm
2
−b−√ b −4 a . c
c2 =
2. a
= -493,010 mm
Nilai c pakai = 79,928 mm
c−d '
fs' =ϵs . Es .
c
= 55,766 MPa
fs' pakai = 55,766 MPa
a = 0,85 . c
= 67,939 mm

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 Mg+ = (0,85 . fc’ . a . b. (d- a/2)+ (As.fs’.(d-d’)
= 358154952 MPa
= 338,154 kNm
φ Mg+ = 0,8*Mg+
= 286,523 kNm

Cek keamanan:
φ Mg+ > Mu+ → 286,523 kNm > 30,396 kNm ... AMAN!!

7.3.3.4 Kontrol momen kapasitas Mpr-

As' ada = 2945,243 mm²
As ada = 4908,738 mm²
Cc = 0,85.f'c.a.b
= 5418,75 c
' c−d '
Cs = A s ada. ϵs . Es
c

= 1767145,868 *[(c-63)/c]
Ts = As.fy .1,25
= 1472621,556
Cc + Cs - Ts =0
5418,75 c + 1767145,868 *[(c-63)/c] - 1472621,556= 0
5418,75 c2 - 294524,311 c – 128118075 =0
Diselesaikan dengan rumus abc, didapat nilai C :

−b+ √ b2 −4 a .c
c1 =
2. a
= 128,971 mm
−b−√ b2−4 a . c
c2 =
2. a
= -183,323 mm

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 Nilai c pakai = 128,971 mm
c−d '
fs' = ϵs . Es .
c
= 262,710 MPa
fs' pakai = 240 MPa
a = 0,85.c
= 109,625 mm
Mpr- = 0,85. Fc’ . a . b . (d-a/2) + (As’ ada. fs’ . (d-d’)
= 651963705,2 Nmm
= 651,963 kNm
ϕ.MPr- = 521,570 Nmm
Checking:
ϕ.MPr- > Mu- → 521,570 > -69,733 ... AMAN!!

7.3.3.5 Kontrol momen kapasitas Mpr+

As' ada = 2945,243 mm²
As ada = 4908,738 mm²
Cc = 0,85.f'c.a.b
= 5418,75 c
' c−d '
Cs = A s ada. ϵs . Es
c
= 2945243,113 *[(c-63)/c]
Ts = As.fy .1,25
= 883572,933
Cc + Cs - Ts =0
5418,75 c + 2945243,113 *[(c-63)/c] - 883572,933 = 0
5418,75 c2 - 2016670 c – 213530126 =0
Diselesaikan dengan rumus abc, didapat nilai c :

−b+ √ b2 −4 a .c
c1 =
2. a

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 = 84,710 mm
−b−√ b2−4 a . c
c2 =
2. a
= -465,180 mm
Nilai c pakai = 84,710 mm
c−d '
fs' = ϵs . Es .
c
= 86,487 MPa
fs' pakai = 86,487 MPa
a = 0,85.c
= 72,004 mm
Mpr+ = 0,85. Fc’ . a . b . (d-a/2) + (As’ ada. fs’ . (d-d’)
= 341498743,8 Nmm
= 341,498 kNm
ϕ.MPr+ = 273,198 Nmm
Checking:
ϕ.MPr+ > Mu+ → 273,198 > 30.396 ... AMAN!!

7.3.4 PERHITUNGAN TULANGAN SUSUT BALOK

D tul = 12 mm
As D tul = 1/4 . π . D²
= 113,097 mm²
Asst = 0,0018*b*h
= 360 mm²
Asst
n =
As d tul
= 3,183 buah
n pakai = 3 buah
jadi digunakan tulangan susut 3 P 12

7.3.5 PERHITUNGAN TULANGAN GESER

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a. Gaya Gesr Akibat Beban Gempa( Ve )
Ve = (Mpr- + Mpr+)/L netto
= 189,230 Kn
b. Gaya geser ultimate ( vu )
Vu 1 = Ve + Vu+
= 251,154 kN
Vu 2 = Ve+(-Vu-)
= 127,448 N

251,154

127,448

7.3.5.1 Daerah dalam sendi plastis

Vc = 1/6 . √ fc ' . b . d desak
= 131875 N
Nilai Vc < Vu → 131875 < 189892, maka perlu sengkang
Vu1
Vs =
0,75−Vc
= 202998,257 N
a. jarak antar sengkang ( s )
jumlah kaki =2
Diameter Tulg = 10 mm
As tulangan = ¼*π* D²
= 78,540 mm²
jumlah kaki . As tul . fy . d
s =
Vs

86
 = 97,962 mm
Spasi maksimum:
1) ¼*d desak = 134,375 mm
2) d/2 = 263,75 mm
3) 24 * d tul = 240 mm
s pakai = 75 mm
jadi sengkang tumpuan digunakan 2 P 10 – 75

7.3.5.2 Daerah luar sendi plastis

a. Mencari nilai x
x/Vu2 = (L-x)/Vu1
x/127,448 = (6000-x)/251,154
x = 1767,300 mm

b. Mencari nilai y
Vu

L kritik
L1

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 L1 = L-x
= 3482,699 mm
L kritik =2.h
= 1200 mm
L1/Vu = (L1-L kritik)/y
3482,699 = (573311187 – 1000)/y
y = 164,616 mm
Nilai Y < Vu = 164,616 < 189,892, maka perlu sengkang

y
Vs = −Vc
0,75
= 87614,215 N
c. jarak antar sengkang ( s )
jumlah kaki =2
D Tulangan = 10 mm
As tulangan = 1/4 π D²
= 78,540 mm²
Jumlah kaki . As tul . fy . d
s =
Vs
= 226,9755 mm
s pakai = 100 mm
jadi sengkang lapangan digunakan 2 P 10 – 100

7.4 Kesimpulan Hasil Penulangan Balok

Diameter
Tulanga Tulanga
Kode Jml
Ukuran Momen n n Diameter
Balok Tul
b h Tul
(mm) (mm) (mm) Susut Susut(mm)
Tarik Tumpuan 25 10
Desak Tumpuan 25 6
B1 300 600 3 12
Desak Lapangan 25 4
Tarik Lapangan 25 2
B2 300 500 Tarik Tumpuan 25 8 3 12

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 Desak Tumpuan 25 4
Tarik Lapangan 25 2
Desak Lapangan 25 4
Tarik Tumpuan 22 5
Desak Tumpuan 22 3
BA 200 300 2 12
Tarik Lapangan 22 2
Desak Lapangan 22 2

89