Tips and Manuals (Procedural text)

A. Pengertian Procedure Text

Apa itu Procedure Text? Procedure Text adalah salah satu jenis teks bahasa Inggris atau yang biasa
disebut genre yang menunjukan sebuah proses dalam membuat atau mengoprasikan sesuatu yang
berfungsi untuk menggambarkan bagaimana sesuatu dikerjakan melalui langkah-langkah yang teratur.

B. Tujuan Komunikatif Procedure Text

Tujuan Komunikatif dari Procedure Text adalah memberikan petunjuk tentang cara melakukan
sesuatu melalui tindakan-tindakan atau langkah-langkah yang urut.

C. Generic Structure Procedure Text

Struktur kebahasaan dari Procedure Text terdiri dari 3 bagian, yaitu:

1. Aim/ Goal (Tujuan)

Pada struktur kebahasaan bagian pertama dari Procdeure Text ini berisi informasi mengenai tujuan
dalam pembuatan atau pengoprasian sesuatu.

2. Materials (Bahan-bahan)
Pada bagian ke-dua, Materials terdiri dari bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam membuat sesuatu. Tapi
tidak semua Procedure Text menyertakan bagian materials, adakalanya sebuah Procedure Text tidak
memiliki bagian materials.

Ada tiga jenis Procedural Text yang tidak menggunakan bagian materials, yaitu:

 Procedural Text yang menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu bekerja atau bagaimana cara
melakukan instruksi secara manual. Contohnya : How to use the video game, the computer, the tape
recorder, atau the fax, etc.
 Procedural Text yang menginstruksikan bagaimana melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas tertentu
dengan peraturanya. Contohnya : raod safety rules, atau video game rules, etc.
 Procedural Text yang berhubungan dengan sifat atau kebiasaan manusia. Contohnya How to
live happily, atau How to secceed.

3. Steps (Langkah-langkah)
Pada bagian steps, berisi tentang langkah-langkah atau urutan-urutan yang harus dilakukan agar
tujuan yang diuraikan pada bagian Aim/ Goal bisa tercapai. Langkah-langkah atau urutan-urutan
tersebut haruslah urut dari yang pertama hingga terakhir. Untuk menunjukan urutan suatu tahapan,
biasanya dalam membuat procedure text menggunakan adverbs seperti the first, the second, the third,
the last, etc. dan menggunakan conjunctions seperti then, while, etc.

D. Ciri-ciri Procedure Text

Terdapat beberapa ciri kebahasaan dalam Procedure Text, diantaranya yaitu:

 Menggunakan pola kalimat imperative (perintah), misalnya, cut the carrots into pieces, put the
sugar on the cup, boil the water, etc. 
 Menggunakan action verbs, misalnya cut, put, boil, etc. 
 Menggunakan conjunctions (kata penghubung) untuk mengurutkan kegiatan, misalnya then,
while, dsb. 
 Menggunakan adverbs (kata keterangan) untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, tempat, cara yang
akurat, misalnya for five minutes, 2 hours, dsb. 

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 Menggunakan adverbs (kata keterangan) untuk menyatakan tahapan atau urutan, misalkan the
first, the second, the third, the last, etc.
 Menggunakan simple present.

E. Contoh Procedure Text

Berikut adalah contoh singkat procedure text beserta terjemahannya tentang cara menanami cabai.

How to Plant Chilies

Aim / Goal
Planting chilies is really easy. Not only easy, planting chilies is also useful to get fresh and hygienist
chilies from our own garden. My mom plants several chili-plants in my house backyard. She thinks
that planting chilies can save some money because the price of chilies in the market is so high. 

Martials
Before we plant chilies, we need to prepare several things such as chili seeds, small spade, compost,
and vessels. After all tools and materials have been prepared, then we begin to plant some chilies.

Steps
First, get a handful of chili seeds. Make sure you have already dried it under the sunlight. Second,
make small hole on the soil by using the small spade and put the seeds on it then close with soil. Make
sure to put it on the open area. Next, wait for several day until it come out the sprout. Finally, take the
sprout off the soil and put it on the vessel which full of soil and compost. The sprout will grow bigger
and yield us some fresh chilies. Make sure to watering the plant regularly. 

Terjemahan:
Menanam cabai merupakan hal yang mudah dilakukan. Tidak hanya mudah, menanam cabai juga
berguna untuk mendapatkan cabai yang masih segar dan heginis dari kebun kita sendiri. Ibu ku
menanam beberapa pohon cabai di balakng rumah ku. Ibu ku pikir menanam cabai dan menghemat
uang karena harga cabai di pasar sangatlah mahal. 

Sebelum kita menanam cabai, kita harus menyiapkan beberapah hal seperti biji cabai, skop kecil,
pupuk kompos, dan pot. Setelah semua peralatan dan bahan-bahan telah disiapkan, kemudian kita
mulai untuk menanam beberapa cabai.

Pertama, ambil segengam biji cabai. Pastikan kamu sudah mengeringkannya di bawah sinar matahari.
Ke dua, buatlah lubah kecil di tanah dengan menggunakan skop kecil tadi dan letekan biji cabai itu di
dalamnya kemudian tutup dengan tanah. Pastikan untuk menanamnya di lahan yang terbuka.
Selanjutnya, tunggulah beberapa hari samapi keluar tunasnya. Terakhir, ambil lah tunas tersebut dan
letakan ke dalam pot yang sudah berisi campuran tanah dan pupuk kompos. Tunas tersebut akan

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tumbuh menjadi besar dan akan menghasilkan beberapa cabai yang masih segar. Pastikan untuk selalu
menyirami tanaman tersebut secara teratur.

Berikut ini disajikan beberapa soal reading coprehension tentang teks procedure untuk bahan latihan
sesering mungkin. Latihan sesering mungkin dengan berbagai variasai soal akan meningkatkan
kemampuan reading coprehension.

Soal Procedure Text 1

Ladies and Gentlemen, in case of emergency, take the life jacket which is located under your seat.
Put the life jacket over your head and then fasten the jacket tapes around you’re your waist.
Do not inflate the jacket until you left the aircraft. The jacket will be automatically inflated by pulling
a cord, but if not, you can blow into the chip to inflate it.
A light is attached to the jacket for attracting attention. The life jacket should be removed only in case
of emergency.
The use of TV set, AM and FM radios and radio cassettes recorders, walkman, and any mobile phones
are prohibited on board as they interfere the communication and navigational system.
We wish you an enjoyable flight.

1. Where is the life jacket located?

A. Over the head
B. Around the waist.
C. Outsite the aircraft.
D. In the back of the seat.
E. Under the seat.
2. What can interfere the navigatioanl system
A. Table.
B. The life jacket.
C. Mobile phones
D. The attached light.
E. Tapes around the waist.

Soal Procedure Text 2

A quick and easy cheese cake recipe
Yield : 6 servings
Prep. Time :5 minutes
Cook Time : 40 minutes
Total Time : 45 minutes

Ingredients:
16 ounces cream cheese, 2 packages, softened
½ cup sugar
½ teaspoon vanilla
2 large eggs
4 ounces semi-sweet chocolate chips
1 prepared Graham cracker crust

Directions:
Beat cream cheese, sugar and vanilla at medium speed until well-blended. Blend in 2 eggs. Stir in
chocolate chips then pour batter into Graham cracker chust. (you may sprinkle ¼ cup mini semi sweet
chocolate chips on top if you desire).

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Bake at 35calcius for 40 minutes, or until certer is almost set. Cool.
For best results refrigerate for 3 hours.

3. How many persons is the cake for?

A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 35
E. 2
4. The goal of the text is to tell about . . . . .
A. how to beat cream cheese
B. how to blend sugar and vanilla
C. how to bake chocolate cheese and cake
D. how make chocolate cheese cake
E. how to make mini sweet chocolate chips
5. The text is called a/an . . . . .
A. explanation
B. description
C. procedure
D. report
E. spoof

Soal Procedure Text 3

Recipe for French Toast
You are going to need:
4 pieces of bread
1 spoon of sugar
2 eggs
A quarter of a cup of milk
Butter
Pan
Fork
Bowl

Before you start to cook, you have to read the recipe.

Now you can get ready. After you read the recipe, put everything on the counter.
When everything is ready, break the eggs, pour a quarter of the milk in the bowl, then add a small
spoon of sugar. Mix the eggs, milk and sugar.
Next, put a piece of bread in the bowl with the eggs, milk and sugar. Turn over the bread.
Now, put some butter in the pan. Turn on the stove. When the pan is hot, take the bread out of the
bowl and put it into the pan. After you cook one side of the bread, cook the other side. After you
finish the first place of the bread, cook the other pieces. Now you have French toast!

6. The type of the text above is called …..

A. Recount
B. Narrative
C. Description
D. Procedure
E. Report

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7. The purpose of the text is ……..
A. to describe French toast
B. to explain about French toast
C. to tell the reader how to make French toast
D. to entertain the reader with French toast
E. to persuade the reader to make French toast

8. Who is the text better addressed to?

A. An expert chef
B. A student learning at home
C. A husband left by his wife
D. A mother at home
E. A boy/girl left by his /her mother

9. “Before you start to cook, you have to read the recipe.” The underlined word means …….
A. a set of learning instruction
B. a written statement that one has received money
C. a written statement that one has received something
D. a doctor’s written order for a particular medicine
E. a set of cooking instruction

10. “You are going to need.” The expression and what it follows belong to …..
A. event
B. steps
C. materials
D. purpose
E. orientation

Soal Procedure Text 4

How to Make Starfruit Punch
Ingredients
• 250 gr yellow starfruit in slices
• 100 ml water 2 spoonful of vanilla
• 8 teaspoonful of lemonade extract Procedure
• Put slices of starfruit and water in the blender. Wait until it’s soft. Skim it.
• Add syrup, lemonade extract, and soda water. Stir thoroughly.
• Pour it in the glass and put in the ice cubes.

11. What is the text about?

A. How to make starfruit punch
B. The ingredients of starfruit punch
C. How to use blender
D. How to stir thoroughly
E. How to slice starfruit
12. …..lemonade extract and soda water. Stir thoroughly. The word “stir“ means….
A. to make smooth
B. to boil
C. to cut
D. to make dry
E. to move an object in order to mix it

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13. Which of the following procedures is true?
A. Put slices of starfruit in the glass.
B. Put ice cubes in the blender.
C. Skim two spoonful of vanilla.
D. Skim the slices of starfruit and water which have already been softened
E. Wait until the ice cubes are melted.

Soal Procedure Text 5

Burning a CD allows you to take music from one CD and transfer it onto another CD. This process is
possible with any computer that has a CD driver, but it is easier on a computer that can run two CDs
at once. Either way, you can copy all your music from one CD to the next. Here is how to copy from
one CD to another, using one and two CD drivers.
Instructions Burning with two CD Trays
1. Insert the CD from which you want to burn music into your computer’s CD tray. Insert a blank CD
into your computer’s second CD tray.
2. Open windows media player and wait for it to recognize the CD.
3. Click the “burn” option at the top of Windows Media Player. Drag the songs you want from the list
of your songs into the area on the right labeled “Burn List”.
4. Choose the blank CD onto which you want to burn your song. This can be done at the top of the
Burn List Menu.
5. Click the “Start Burn” button when you have all the song you want for the CD added to the Burn
List. Wait for your computer to finish the CD, then take both of the CDs out.

14. What is the topic of the text?

A Running two CDs.
B. Opening Media Player.
C. Copying a compact disc.
D. Choosing the blank CD.
E. Inserting the CD into computer.
15. What should we do after click the “burn” option at the top of Windows Media Player?
A. Choose the blank CD onto which you want to burn your song.
B. Open windows media player and wait for it to recognize the CD.
C. Wait for your computer to finish the CD, then take both CDs out.
D. Click the “Start Burn” button when you have all the songs you want from the CD.
E. Drag the songs from the list of Songs
16. “The process of copying CD is possible with any computer…” The word “possible” is closest in
meaning to…
A. Improbable
B. Probable
C. Unlikely
D. Doubtful
E. Suspicious

Soal Procedure Text 6

Ingredients
1 tb margarine, dairy free
1 tb Vegetables oil
1 c onion – chopped
8 oz Mushrooms – sliced
1 lg Garlic clove – minced

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1/3 celery – thinly sliced
3 c Soybean milk
4 c Potatoes – cubed ½ inch
¼ ts Black pepper
1 ts Salt, or to taste
1 tb Parsley – chopped

Directions
1. Saute onion, garlic, celery, and green pepper in hot oil and margarine about 3 minutes. Add sliced
mushrooms and sauté 3 more minutes.
2. Add soybean milk, black pepper, salt and potatoes. Bring mixture almost to a boil; reduce heat and
simmer 25 minutes, stirring occasionally.
3. Make about 6 cups. Thin with extra soybean milk if soup is too thick.
4. Garnish with parsley and serve with the veal.

17. The text states that …

A. extra soybean milk must be added if the soup is too thick
B. six cups of soy bean milk must be added to the soup
C. soybean milk is used merely for garnish
D. extra cups must be provided for everybody
E. the soup must be thick to make it easy

18. According to the text when should we add sliced mushroom?

A. After adding soybean milk, black pepper, salt & potatoes.
B. After frying onions, garlic, celery & green pepper.
C. As soon as we heat and simmer onion, garlic and green pepper.
D. Before pouring the oil and margarine.
E. Before we serve the meal.

Soal Procedure Text 7

1. Sitting on a bike, make sure you know where the bikes are and how to operate them
2. You have to learn to balance the bike. Find a person who can hold your bike behind you and try to
go steady as you pedal it
3. Finally, you have to practice. Once you can balance, pedal, start, and stop, you are bicycle rider.
Congratulation!
4. As you gain experience, raise the seat up so that only your toes can touch the ground while you are
seated.
5. When you are ready, ride alone. But first, lower the seat until you can sit and put both feet flat on
the ground
6. After practicing for a couple minutes, the person can release his or her hands while you try to keep
your balance

19. Arrange these sentences below into a good order

A. 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6
B. 1 – 2 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 3
C. 1 – 2 – 6 – 5 – 4 – 3
D. 1 – 2 – 5 – 3 – 6 – 4
E. 1 – 2 – 4 – 6 – 5 – 3

Soal Procedure Text 8

(1) Wrap the casualty in a sheet which has been dampened with cold water.
(2) Move the casualty to a cool place, loosen or remove any tight or heavy clothing.

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(3) Make sure the sheet stays wet and fan the casualty to keep them cool.
(4) Check the casualty’s temperature regurarly.
(5) Once it has fallen to a safer level (under 40oC), remove the wet sheet and stop the cooling process.

20. Rearrange the following sentences into the correct and meaningful procedure!
A. (4)–(5)–(1)–(3)–(2)
B. (4)–(5)–(2)–(3)–(1)
C. (2)–(1)–(4)–(5)–(3)
D. (2)–(1)–(3)–(4)–(5)
E. (2)–(3)–(4)–(1)–(5)

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 Passive Voice
Passive voice adalah suatu bentuk kalimat dimana subjek kalimat menerima aksi, bukan melakukan
aksi. Tidak seperti active voice yang fokus terhadap pihak yang melakukan aksi (doer of action),
bentuk ini lebih berfokus kepada pihak atau objek yang menerima hasil dari suatu aksi tersebut
(receiver of action).

Passive voice adalah suatu bentuk kalimat dimana subjek kalimat menerima aksi, bukan melakukan
aksi. Tidak seperti active voice yang fokus terhadap pihak yang melakukan aksi (doer of action),
bentuk ini lebih berfokus kepada pihak atau objek yang menerima hasil dari suatu aksi tersebut
(receiver of action).

My parents plant some flowers

Active (Pelaku aksi)
Some flowers are planted by my parents
Passive (Penerima aksi)
Umumnya, kalimat aktif yang bisa ditransformasi menjadi kalimat pasif berbentuk kalimat aktif yang
mengandung transitive verbs (kata kerja yang memerlukan objek langsung) seperti make, bring, buy,
write dan sebagainya. Sebaliknya, kalimat pasif yang mengandung intransitive verbs (kata kerja yang
tidak memerlukan objek langsung) seperti cry, swim, go, arrive, dan die tidak bisa diubah menjadi
kalimat pasif.
Namun, apabila intransitive verbs tersebut diikuti oleh preposition, ada kemungkinan kalimat tersebut
bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif tetapi kalimat pasif yang terbentuk akan sangat kaku.

Rumus Passive Voice

Untuk rumus kalimat pasif sebenarnya secara umum adalah:

Present am/is/are + V3

Past was/were + V3

Perfect been + V3

Continuous being + V3

Future/modal be + V3

Jika dituliskan secara detail rumus kalimat pasif atau passive voice adalah sebagai berikut:

Tenses Active Passive

Simple Present S + V1 S + am/is/are + V3

Simple Past S + V2 S + was/were + V3

Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing S + am/is/are + being + V3

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Tenses Active Passive

Present perfect continuous S + have/has + been + V-ing S + have/has +been + being +V3

Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing S + was/were + being + V3

Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + V-ing S + had + been + being + V3

Future Continuous S + will/shall + be + V-ing S + will/shall + be + being + V3

Future Perfect Continuous S + will + have + V-ing S + will +have+been+ being +V3

Past Futurre Continuous S + would + be + V-ing S + would + be + being + V3

Past Future Perfect Continuous S +would +have+been+V-ing S +would+have+been+ being+V3

Simple Perfect S + have/has + V3 S + have/has + been + V3

Past Perfect S + had + V3 S + had + been + V3

Simple Future S + will/shall + V1 S + will/shall + be + V3

Past Future S + would/should + V1 S + would/should + be + V3

Modal (present) S + may/can/must + V1 S + may/can/must + be + V3

Modal (past) S + might/could/had to + V1 S + might/could/had to + be + V3

Penggunaan & Contoh Passive Voice

Kalimat pasif umumnya digunakan dalam kondisi sebagai berikut:

a) Ketika pelaku aksi (doer of action) tidak

diketahui
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di Forum StudioBelajar.com
 
My money has been stolen.
Dalam contoh passive voice ini, pembicara
tidak mengetahui siapa yang mencuri
dompetnya.

b) Ketika pelaku aksi (doer of action) sudah Wheat is grown in Karawang.

jelas dan tidak perlu disebutkan
Dalam contoh ini, sudah sangat jelas bahwa
petani adalah pelaku aksi atau orang yang

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  menanam gandum.

Mistakes were made.

Dalam contoh ini, pembicara tidak mau
memberitahu siapa yang melakukan
c) Ketika tidak ingin memberitahukan siapa
kesalahan.
pelaku aksi (doer of action)
Transjakarta is used as an alternative
means of transportation to avoid traffic jam.
Dalam contoh ini, pelaku aksi adalah semua
orang karena transjakarta dapat digunakan
d) Ketika pelaku aksi (doer of action)
oleh masyarakat luas.
adalah semua orang (people in general)
Mr. Han caught Ari cheating on the test. Ari
was given punishment immediately.
Dalam contoh passive voice ini, Mr. Han
e) Ketika pelaku aksi telah disebutkan pada sebagai pelaku aksi sudah disebutkan
sebelumnya sehingga tidak perlu
kalimat sebelumnya (apabila terdapat di
ditambahkan pada kalimat kedua.
suatu paragraf)

Pelaku Aksi dalam Passive Voice

Dalam beberapa kondisi penggunaan passive voice, by-phrase (frasa yang menyatakan
pelaku aksi) tidak digunakan karena beberapa alasan sebagaimana tertulis di atas.
Namun, sebenarnya kita dapat memasukkan pelaku aksi jika informasi tersebut sangat
penting atau dalam kondisi sebagai berikut :

a) Ketika terdapat informasi baru (kalimat
kedua).
b) Ketika mengetahui nama jelas pelaku
aksi atau pelaku aksi adalah orang
terkenal.
c) Ketika identitas pelaku aksi sangat
mengejutkan atau tidak dikira-kira.
Bottled water comes from mountain water. It
is produced by water company.
Siti Nurbaya was written by Marah Roesli.
It is hard to believe that this beautiful jazz
melody was composed by an eight-year-old.

Latihan Soal

1. Our bookselves _____ by the carpenter when you came.

a. Is being repaired
b. Was being repaired
2. The compressor _____ by that guy.
a. Has been sold
b. Has been being sold
3. She can’t be _____ by this gun.
a. force
b. forced
4. Ubahlah kalimat berikut ke passive voice – He will change the password.
a. The password will be changed by him
b. The password would be changed by him
5. I didn’t recognize when the room _____.

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a. Was being painted
b. Is being painted
6. Ubahlah kalimat berikut ke passive voice – I have taken the sauce.
a. The sauce has been taken by me
b. The sauce have been taken by me
7. The unique doll _____ by Mr. Sukirman last week.
a. was already bought
b. already Is bought
8. He is now _____ by the headmaster.
a. Being punished sadistically
b. Been punished sadistically
9. The next year grammar examination _____.
a. would be passed perfectly
b. should be passed perfectly
10. Ubahlah kalimat berikut – He took the medical care for his illness.
a. The medical care for his illness is taken by him
b. The medical care for his illness was taken by him
11. What is the formulation of passive voice for simple present tense?

a. Subject + Is/am/are + Verb1.

b. Subject + Is/am/are + Verb3.

12. What is the formulation of passive voice for present perfect tense?

a. Subject + Have/has + Been + Being + Verb3.

b. Subject + Have/has + Been + Verb3.

13. We are going to watch Insidious tonight.

a. Insidious was going to be watched by us tonight.

b. Insidious are going to be watched by us tonight.

14. I will clean the house every Saturday afternoon.

a. The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday afternoon.

b. The house will cleaned by me every Saturday afternoon.

15. Agus painted the car amazingly.

a. The car was painted by Agus amazingly.

b. The car were painted by Agus amazingly.

16. The two kings are encountering the treaty.

a. The treaty is been encountered by the two kings.

b. The treaty are being encountered by the two kings.

17. The cleaning crew vacuums and dusts the office every morning.

a. Every morning, the office are vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew.
b. Every morning, the office is vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew.

18. Kemenangan itu akan dirayakan oleh Team minggu depan.

a. The victory will have been being celebrated by the team next week.
b. The victory will be celebrated by the team next week.

19. Saat makan tadi malam, enam bakso udang dimakan oleh Budi.

a. At dinner last night, six shrimpball was eaten by Budi.

b. At dinner last night, six shrimpball were eaten by Budi.

20. Seorang teknisi telah memotong kabel listrik.

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 a. The electricity wire has been cutted by an engineer.
b. The electricity wire have been cutted by an engineer.

CONDITIONAL CENTENCES
3 Tipe Kalimat Pengandaian dalam Bahasa Inggris (Conditional Sentences)

Kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence) adalah kalimat untuk mengandaikan suatu hal yang
belum terjadi, tidak terjadi, atau sudah terjadi. Kalimat ini terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu klausa bebas
(independent clause) yang menjadi induk kalimat dan klausa if (anak kalimat) yang memiliki
peryataan pengandaian.

Klausa bebas adalah klausa yang berdiri sendiri karena mempunyai arti lengkap, sedangkan klausa if
adalah klausa yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri karena artinya tidak lengkap (dependent clause) yang
diawali if.

Jika Anda masih bingung dengan kedua klausa ini, perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut.

If I were Jokowi, I will select honest ministers. [Jika saya Jokowi, saya akan memilih menteri-menteri
yang jujur.]

 If I were Jokowi = klausa if

 I will select honest ministers = klausa bebas/induk kalimat

Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada 3 tipe kalimat pengandaian, yaitu:

1. Kalimat pengandaian tipe I

Kalimat pengandaian tipe I menyatakan pengandaian yang mungkin terjadi. Pola kalimat pengandaian
tipe ini: klausa if dalam waktu sekarang (simple present, present continuous, dan present perfect)
dan klausa bebas dalam bentuk simple present atau simple future.

Contoh:

1. If you are ready, we can begin the test. [Jika Anda siap, kita dapat mulai ujian ini.]
2. If I have much spare time, I will watch the Mahabarata series. [Jika saya punya banyak waktu
luang, saya akan menonton serial Mahabarata.]
3. If he has received my email, he will come to work early tomorrow. [Jika dia telah menerima
email saya, dia besok akan datang bekerja lebih awal.]
4. If she is cooking dinner now, she won’t want to go out to dinner with us. [Jika dia sedang
memasak makan malam sekarang, dia tidak akan mau keluar makan malam bersama kita.]
5. If my car doesn’t start, I will call a tow truck man. [Jika mobil saya tidak hidup, saya akan
menelepon seorang petugas truk derek.]
6. If I pass the exam, my mother will be very happy. [Jika saya lulus ujian, ibuku akan sangat
senang.]

Keterangan:

 Contoh a): klausa if = simple present, klausa bebas= simple present

 Contoh b): klausa if = simple present, klausa bebas = simple future
 Contoh c): klausa if = present perfect tense, klausa bebas = simple future
 Contoh d): klausa if = present continuous, klausa bebas = simple future

13
  Contoh e): klausa if = simple present, klausa bebas = simple future
 Contoh f): klausa if = simple present, klausa bebas = simple future

2. Kalimat pengandaian tipe II

Kalimat pengandaian tipe II menyatakan pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena bertentangan
dengan kenyataan sekarang. Tipe kalimat pengandaian ini memiliki pola: klausa if dalam waktu
lampau (simple past atau past continuous) dan klausa bebas mengandung would atau could.

Contoh:

 If I were a Spiderman, I would protect the world. [Jika saya Spiderman, saya akan melindungi
dunia.]
 If I had a million dollars, I would use the money to buy luxury cars. [Jika saya punya satu juta
dolar, saya akan menggunakan uang itu untuk membeli mobil-mobil mewah.]
 If I were you, I would stop smoking. [Jika saya kamu, saya akan berhenti merokok.]
 If your car was working, you could pick up Maya at airport. [Jika mobil Anda sedang baik,
Anda dapat menjemput Maya di bandara.]

3. Kalimat pengandaian tipe III

Kalimat pengandaian tipe III menyatakan pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena waktunya
sudah berlalu (menyatakan penyesalan). Pola kalimat pengandaian tipe ini adalah klausa if dalam
bentuk past perfect dan klausa bebas mengandung would + have + verb 3.

Contoh:

 If you had called me earlier, I would have attended your party first. [Jika Anda
menghubungiku lebih awal, saya akan menghadiri pesta Anda terlebih dahulu.]
 If Maya had met Andri at that concert, she would have confessed her love. [Jika Maya
bertemu Andri di konser itu, dia akan mengakui cintanya.]
 If I had finished high school, I would have gotten a better job. [Jika saya tamat SMU, saya
akan mendapatkan pekerjaan yang lebih baik.]
 If we had left home earlier, we would have arrived on time. [Jika kita meninggalkan rumah
lebih awal, kita akan tiba tepat waktu.]
 If you had paid attention to the traffic, you would not have had an accident. [Jika Anda
memperhatikan lalu lintas, Anda tidak akan mengalami kecelakaan.]

Catatan:

Klausa bebas/induk kalimat dalam kalimat pengandaian dapat ditempatkan sebelum klausa if.
Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut.

 If I pass the exam, my mother will be very happy. [Jika saya lulus ujian, ibuku akan sangat
senang.]
 My mother will be very happy if I pass the exam. [Ibuku akan sangat senang jika saya lulus
ujian.]

Latihan Soal
1. If I had accepted that work offer,…………………
A. I will have built my own house.
B. I would have built my own house.

14
C. I will build my own house.
D. I would build my own house.

Kunci untuk menjawab pertanyaan pola kalimat pengandaian adalah dengan meng-hafalkan rumus
pola kalimatnya. Kalimat di atas adalah kalimat pengandaian bentuk ke 3.

2. If I work at Ministry of Foreign Affairs,……….

A. I will get a chance for continuing my study in foreign country.
B. I would get a chance for continuing my study in foreign country.
C. I would have got a chance for continuing my study in foreign country.
D. I get a chance for continuing my study in foreign country.

Pola kalimat di atas adalah pola kalimat pengandaian tipe 1.

 3. My father would permit me to ride the motorcycle……..

A. If I have a driving licence
B. If I had a driving licence.
C. If I had had a driving licence.
D. If I would have a driving licence.

Pola kalimat di atas adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2.

 4. If I were you,……………….

A. I will stay at the boarding house.
B. I would stay at the boarding house.
C. I stay at the boarding house.
D. I would have stayed at the boarding house.

Pola kalimat di atas adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2.

 5. If I had come to her wedding party, I would not have regretted. What is the fact of the previous
conditional sentence?
A. I didn’t come to her wedding party. Therefore, I regretted.
B. I don’t come to her wedding party. Therefore, I regret.
C. I have not come to her wedding party. Therefore, I regretted.
D. I had not come to her wedding party. Therefore, I regret.

Pola kalimat di atas adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 3. Fakta yang diungkapkan dalam kalimat
pengandaian tipe 3 adalah bahwa apa yang diandaikan tidak pernah terjadi di masa yang lalu.

6. Mr. Bayu would give me an interesting bonus if 1 won the tender. What is the fact of the previous
conditional sentence?
A. I won the tender.
B. I don’t win the tender.
C. I didn’t win the tender.
D. I win the tender.

Pola kalimat di atas adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2. Fakta yang dari kalimat pengandaian tipe 2
adalah pada saat kalimat tersebut diujarkan apa yang diandaikan tidak terjadi.

7.  If I had practiced harder several months ago……………..

A. I will be the winner of this dance competition.
B. 1 would be the winner of this dance competition.
C. I would have been the winner of this dance competition.
D. I am the winner of this dance competition.

Pola kalimat pengandaian di atas menunjukkan dua waktu yang berbeda di mana anak kalimat
menunjukkan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lampau, sedangkan induk kalimatnya terjadi di masa
sekarang (present).

15
8. What is the fact of the previous conditional sentence (question no. 7)?
A. I don’t practice harder several months ago, so I’m not the winner of this competition.
B. I didn’t practice harder several months ago. so I’m not the winner of this competition.
C. I was not practicing harder several months ago. so I’m not the winner of this competition.
D. I’m not practicing harder several months ago. so I’m not the winner of this competition.

Pola kalimat pengandaian di atas menunjukkan dua waktu yang berbeda di mana anak kalimat
menunjukkan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lampau, sedangkan induk kalimatnya teradi di masa
sekarang [present).

9. If I were staying at my grandmother’s home,……………….

A. I will be eating her delicious home cooking.
B. I would be eating her delicious home cooking.
C. I will eat her delicious home cooking.
D. I would eat her delicious home cooking.

Pengandaian ini menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung. Sehingga, bentuk yang
digunakan adalah bentuk continuous atau progressive.

10. What is the fact of the previous sentence?

A. I was not staying at my grandmother’s home. I was not eating her delicious home cooking.
B. I don’t stay at my grandmother’s home. I don’t eat her delicious home cooking.
C. I am not staying at my grandmother’s home. I am not eating her delicious home cooking.
D. I didn’t stay at at my grandmother’s home. I didn’t eat her delicious home cooking.

Pengandaian dengan menggunakan bentuk continuous memiliki fakta berupa present continuous
tense.

16
 Report Text

A. Pengertian Report Text dan Contohnya

Report text adalah salah jenis genre of text yang masuk kategori descriptive. Definisi report text itu
sendiri adalah sebuah genre atau jenis teks yang berusaha menggambarkan sesuatu seperti benda,
manusia, tumbuhan, hewan dan lain sebagainya yang masih sangat umum. Jadi tidak fokus pada satu
benda melainkan semua benda yang masuk dalam satu kategori. Misalnya kita sedang membicarakan
gajah, maka kita akan membahas sifat, bentuk, karakter gajah pada umumnya.

B. Perbedaan Report Text dan Descriptive Text

1. Cara membedakan report text dan descriptive text yang paling mudah adalah dengan melihat
apakah sesuatu yang digambarkan tersebut umum atau khusus. Jika sesuatu tersebut adalah
umum, maka jenis textnya adalah report. Tetapi jika khusus, maka jenis textnya adalah
descriptive.
Misal, pada penjelasan descriptive text saya memberi contoh tentang Candi Borobudur. Di
dalamnya menjelaskan bagaimana bentuk Candi Borobudur, letaknya dan kapan dibuatnya. Jadi
hanya fokus dan khusus menjelaskan satu objek yang bernama Candi Borobudur. Lain halnya jika
saya menjelaskan tentang Candi. Maka saya akan menjelaskan bentuk atau model candi pada
umumnya seperti apa, kemudian candi merupakan tempat peribadatan agama apa dan seterusnya.
Jadi saya menjelaskan Candi secara umum, baik itu candi Borobudur, Prambanan, Mendut dan
lain sebagainya, tidak khusus dan fokus.
2. Selain itu, biasanya report text biasanya menggambarkan sesuatu dengan sudut pandang
ilmiah. Sehingga biasanya akan diikuti dengan penjelasan tentang hasil penelitian atau observasi
terhadap objek yang sedang dibicarakan tersebut.
Nah, sekarang jika saya minta kamu untuk menentukan jenis text dari dua judul ini: My Cat dan A
Cat, maka kira-kira mana yang termasuk dalam kategori report text? Jika kamu paham pasti bisa
menentukannya dengan benar.

C. Tujuan Report Text

Tujuan komunikatif Report text adalah untuk menggambarkan tentang sesuatu secara apa adanya
yang merupakan hasil observasi atau penelitian dan analisa secara sistematis. Intinya text Report
berisi fakta-fakta sebuah objek yang bisa dibuktikan secara ilmiah.

D. Generic Structure Report Text

Susunan umum atau Generic Structure pada umumnya terdiri dari urut-urutan sebagai berikut:

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1. General Clasification
Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya. 
2. Description
tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or
behaviors. Pada bagian ini biasanya memberikan gambaran fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi,
baik bagian-bagiannya, sifat-sifatnya, kebiasaannya, ataupun tingkah lakunya. Intinya adalah
penjabaran dari klasifikasi yang disajikan dengan ilmiah.

E. Ciri-ciri Report Text

1. Karena bertujuan mengungkap gambaran tentang sesuatu berdasarkan kajian ilmiah, maka
biasanya menggunakan bahasa ilmiah.
2. Dan karena berisi fakta-fakta ilmiah tersebutlah, maka report text didominasi oleh simple
present tense.
3. Judulnya akan terlihat umum, seperti Playing Football dan bukan Manchester Football Club.
4. Biasanya disertai gambar, data statistik berupa diagram atau peta untuk meyakinkan bahwa
hasil penelitiannya dilakukan secara ilmiah.

F. Contoh Report Text dan Penjelasannya

Contoh 1: Komodo Dragon.

Komodo dragons have thrived in the harsh climate of Indonesia’s Lesser Sunda Islands for millions of
years, although amazingly, their existence was unknown to humans until about 100 years ago.

Reaching 10 feet (3 meters) in length and more than 300 pounds (136 kilograms), Komodo
dragons are the heaviest lizards on Earth. They have long, flat heads with rounded snouts, scaly skin,
bowed legs, and huge, muscular tails.
As the dominant predators on the handful of islands they inhabit, they will eat almost anything,
including carrion, deer, pigs, smaller dragons, and even large water buffalo and humans. When
hunting, Komodo dragons rely on camouflage and patience, lying in wait for passing prey. When a
victim ambles by, the dragon springs, using its powerful legs, sharp claws and serrated, shark-like
teeth to eviscerate its prey.

18
Animals that escape the jaws of a Komodo will only feel lucky briefly. Dragon saliva teems with over
50 strains of bacteria, and within 24 hours, the stricken creature usually dies of blood poisoning.
Dragons calmly follow an escapee for miles as the bacteria takes effect, using their keen sense of
smell to hone in on the corpse. A dragon can eat a whopping 80 percent of its body weight in a single
feeding.

There is a stable population of about 3,000 to 5,000 Komodo dragons on the islands of Komodo, Gila

Motang, Rinca, and Flores. However, a dearth of egg-laying females, poaching, human encroachment,
and natural disasters has driven the species to endangered status.
Sumber: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/
Penjelasan:
1. Paragraf pertama: General Classification. Berisi pengenalan objek bahwa Komodo adalah
binatang yang telah ada sejak berjuta-juta tahun yang lalu.
2. Pada paragraf kedua dan seterusnya: Description. Berisi tentang bentuk fisik Komodo
meliputi panjang, berat, maupun ciri fisiknya dan kebiasaannya mencari makan serta statistik
populasi habitat Komodo di berbagai daerah.

G. Latihan Soal Teks Report

A. Answer the question below with crossing A, B, C, or D for the best answer of each quastions!

Text1
The platypus is a semi-aquatic mammal endemic to East to North Australia, including Tazmania. It is
one of the five extreme species of mono-dreams. The only mammal that lays eggs instead of giving
birth to live young. The body and the broad flat tail of these animals are covered with dense brown
fur, that traps a lay including ear to keep the animals warm. It uses its tail for story joy fact. It has
webbed feet and the large robbery’s net. These are species that are be closer to those of ducks, then to
these any known mammals. Weight varies considerably from 0.7 to 2.4 kg with males being larger
than females. And male averages 50 cm total length whiles the female major approximately 45 cm.
The platypus has an average temperature of 32 degrees Celsius rather than 37 degrees Celsius that is
typical of the placental mammals.

Artinya
Platipus adalah mamalia semi-akuatik endemik Timur ke Australia Utara, termasuk Tazmania. Ini
adalah salah satu dari lima spesies ekstrim mono-mimpi. Satu-satunya mamalia yang bertelur
bukannya melahirkan hidup muda. Tubuh dan ekor datar yang luas dari hewan-hewan ini ditutupi
dengan bulu coklat yang tebal, yang menjebak awam termasuk telinga untuk menjaga agar hewan
tetap hangat. Ini menggunakan ekornya untuk fakta cerita sukacita. Ini memiliki kaki berselaput dan
jaring perampokan besar. Ini adalah spesies yang lebih dekat dengan itik, kemudian ke mamalia yang
dikenal ini. Berat bervariasi dari 0,7 hingga 2,4 kg dengan laki-laki lebih besar dari perempuan. Dan
rata-rata laki-laki 50 cm panjang total sedangkan perempuan sekitar 45 cm. Platypus memiliki suhu
rata-rata 32 derajat Celcius daripada 37 derajat Celcius yang merupakan ciri khas dari mamalia
plasental.

19
1. What animal is being described in the monologue?
A. Octopus.
B. Rhinoceros.
C. Platypus
D. Mosquitos.
E. Hippopotamus.
2. How much does the Platypus weigh?
A. 0.7 to 2.4 kg
B. 0.7 to 2.5 kg.
C. 0.7 to 2.6 kg.
D. 0.7 to 2.7 kg.
E. 0.7 to 2.8 kg.

Text 2
The polar bear is a bear native to the Arctic Ocean and its surrounding seas. An adult male weighs
about four hundred to six hundred and eighty kilograms, while an adult female is about half that size.
Although it is closely related to the brown bear, it has paws to occupy a narrow ecological niche with
many bony characteristics adapted to for cold temperatures, for moving across the snow, ice, open
water, and for hunting seals which make up most of its diets. Although most of polar bears are born
on land, it spends most of its time at sea, hence its name meaning maritime bear and can hunt
consistently only from sea ice. It spends much of the year on frozen sea.

Artinya
Beruang kutub adalah beruang asli ke Samudera Arktik dan laut sekitarnya. Seorang pria dewasa
beratnya sekitar empat ratus hingga enam ratus delapan puluh kilogram, sementara seorang wanita
dewasa sekitar setengah dari ukuran itu. Meskipun terkait erat dengan beruang coklat, ia memiliki
kaki untuk menempati niche ekologi sempit dengan banyak karakteristik tulang yang disesuaikan
untuk suhu dingin, untuk bergerak melintasi salju, es, air terbuka, dan untuk berburu anjing laut yang
membuat sebagian besar diet. Meskipun sebagian besar beruang kutub lahir di darat, ia menghabiskan
sebagian besar waktunya di laut, maka namanya berarti beruang maritim dan dapat berburu secara
konsisten hanya dari es laut. Ini menghabiskan banyak tahun di laut beku.

3. What does the adult male bear weigh?

A. 400 – 480 kg
B. 400 – 680 kg
C. 480 – 600 kg
D. 680 – 880 kg
E. 880 – 1500 kg
4. Where did the animal live?
A. In the Arctic Ocean
B. In the Indian Ocean.
C. In the Pacific Ocean.
D. In the North Atlantic Ocean.
E. In the South Atlantic Ocean.

Text 3
Snakes are reptiles (cold-blooded creatures). They belong to the same group as lizards (the scaled
group, Squamata) but from a sub-group of their own (Serpentes).
Snakes have two legs but a long time ago they had claws to help them slither along. Snakes are not

20
slimy. They are covered in scales which are just bumps on the skin. Their skin is hard and glossy to
reduce friction as the snake slithers along the ground.
Snakes often sun bathe on rocks in the warm weather. This is because snakes are cold-blooded; they
need the sun’s warmth to heat their bodies up.
Most snakes live in the country. Some types of snakes live in tress, some live in water, but most live
on the ground in deserted rabbit burrows, in thick, long grass and in old logs.
A snake’s diet usually consists of frogs, lizard, and mice and other snakes. The Anaconda can eat
small crocodiles and even bears. Many snakes protect themselves with their fangs. Some snakes are
protected by scaring their enemies away like the Cobra. The flying snakes glide away from danger.
Their ribs spread apart and the skin stretches out. Its technique is just like the sugar gliders.

Artinya
Ular adalah reptil (makhluk berdarah dingin). Mereka termasuk kelompok yang sama dengan kadal
(kelompok berskala, Squamata) tetapi dari sub-kelompok mereka sendiri (Serpentes).
Ular memiliki dua kaki tetapi sejak dulu mereka memiliki cakar untuk membantu mereka merayap.
Ular tidak berlendir. Mereka ditutupi sisik yang hanya gundukan di kulit. Kulit mereka keras dan
berkilau untuk mengurangi gesekan saat ular melata di tanah.
Ular sering berjemur di batu dalam cuaca hangat. Ini karena ular berdarah dingin; mereka
membutuhkan kehangatan matahari untuk menghangatkan tubuh mereka.
Sebagian besar ular hidup di negara ini. Beberapa jenis ular hidup di pohon, sebagian hidup di air,
tetapi sebagian besar hidup di tanah di liang kelinci yang sepi, di rumput tebal, panjang dan di batang
pohon tua.
Diet ular biasanya terdiri dari katak, kadal, dan tikus dan ular lainnya. Anaconda bisa makan buaya
kecil dan bahkan beruang. Banyak ular melindungi diri dengan taring mereka. Beberapa ular
dilindungi dengan menakut-nakuti musuh mereka seperti Cobra. Ular terbang meluncur menjauh dari
bahaya. Tulang rusuk mereka terbuka dan kulit membentang. Tekniknya sama seperti sugar glider.

5. Since the snakes are cold-blooded, they…

A. like sucking the cool blood
B. avoid sun-bathing to their skins
C. never sun bathe in the warm weather
D. live on the ground in deserted burrows
E. require the sun’s warmth to heat their bodies
6. We know from the text that snakes…
A. do not have claws
B. do not like sunlight
C. have two legs and claws
D. use their legs to climb the tree
E. use their claws to slither along the ground
7. Some types of snakes live in tress, some live in water, but most live on the ground in deserted
rabbit burrows,…(paragraph 4).The word “burrows “ has the similar meaning with…
A. foster
B. dig
C. plough
D. nurture
E. cultivate
8. How do flying snakes protect themselves.
A. They fly away
B. They use their fangs they scare their enemies.
C. They stretch out their skin,

21
D. They eat the other animals.
E. sun bathe on rocks

Text 4
Napoleon is a favorite fish for divers in many regions of the world. The fish can instantly be
recognized by its size, color and shape. It is one of the largest reef fish in the world. They can grow up
to 230 cm and weigh 190 kg. They have fleshy lips and a hump over the head that is similar to a
napoleon hat. The Hump becomes more prominent with age.
Colors vary with age and sex. Males range from a bright electric blue to green or purplish blue.
Mature males develop a black stripe along the sides, blue spots on their body scales, and blue
scribbles on the head. Juveniles can be identified by their pale greenish color and two black lines
running behind the eye. Females, both old and young, are red-orange on the upper parts of their
bodies and red-orange to white yellow.
Napoleon fish are carnivorous and eat during the day. They can be seen feasting on shellfish, other
fish, sea stars, sea urchins and crabs, crushing the shells to get the animal within. They also crush
large chunks of dead coral rubble with peg-like teeth to feed on the burrowing mussels and worms.
Pairs spawn together as part of a larger mating group that may consist of over 100 individuals. The
planktonic eggs are released into the water, and once the larvae have hatched they will settle out on
the substrate. Adult females are able to change sex but the triggers for this development are not yet
known.
The Napoleon is mainly found on coral reef edges and drop-offs. They move into shallow bays during
the day to feed, and tend to move into deeper waters as they grow older and large. Adults, therefore,
are more common offshore than inshore.

Artinya
Napoleon adalah ikan favorit bagi para penyelam di banyak wilayah di dunia. Ikan dapat langsung
dikenali dari ukuran, warna dan bentuknya. Ini adalah salah satu ikan karang terbesar di dunia.
Mereka bisa tumbuh hingga 230 cm dan berat 190 kg. Mereka memiliki bibir yang berdaging dan
punuk di atas kepala yang mirip dengan topi napoleon. The Hump menjadi lebih menonjol seiring
bertambahnya usia.
Warna bervariasi dengan usia dan jenis kelamin. Jantan berkisar dari biru listrik terang ke hijau atau
biru keunguan. Pria dewasa mengembangkan garis hitam di sepanjang sisi, bintik biru di sisik tubuh
mereka, dan coretan biru di kepala. Remaja dapat diidentifikasi dengan warna kehijauan pucat dan
dua garis hitam di belakang mata. Wanita, baik tua maupun muda, berwarna merah jingga di bagian
atas tubuh mereka dan berwarna merah-jingga ke kuning putih.
Ikan Napoleon adalah karnivora dan makan di siang hari. Mereka dapat dilihat berpesta dengan
kerang, ikan lain, bintang laut, bulu babi dan kepiting, menghancurkan kulit untuk mendapatkan
hewan di dalamnya. Mereka juga menghancurkan potongan-potongan besar puing-puing karang mati
dengan gigi peg-seperti untuk memberi makan pada remis dan cacing menggali.
Pasangan bertelur bersama sebagai bagian dari kelompok kawin yang lebih besar yang dapat terdiri
dari lebih dari 100 individu. Telur plankton dilepaskan ke dalam air, dan setelah larva menetas mereka
akan menetap di substrat. Betina dewasa mampu mengubah jenis kelamin tetapi pemicu untuk
perkembangan ini belum diketahui.
Napoleon terutama ditemukan di tepi terumbu karang dan drop-off. Mereka pindah ke teluk dangkal
selama hari untuk memberi makan, dan cenderung bergerak ke perairan yang lebih dalam saat mereka
tumbuh dewasa dan besar. Orang dewasa, oleh karena itu, lebih umum di lepas pantai daripada di
pantai.

9. What is the text about?

A. The description of Napoleon fish

22
B. The physical characteristics of carnivorous fish
C. The divers’ favorite animals
D. Napoleon’s family
E. The development of Napoleon fish
10. Where do Napoleon fish move during the day to feed?
A. Offshore
B. Onshore
C. Deeper water
D. Shallow bays
E. Coral reef edges
11. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the text?
A. Napoleon fish tend to move into shallow waters as they grow older and large
B. Napoleon fish move into deep bays during the day to feed
C. Adult females are not able to change sex
D. Napoleon fish are not carnivorous
E. The male has more attractive colours than the females

Text 5
Ant-eaters are perhaps the most curious looking animals.
Their long head and snout look like tubes, and they have no teeth at all. Their front legs are very
strong and armed with heavy curved claws with which they break open the nets of ants and termites
and then, when the insects rush out, use their long, sticky tongues to lick them up at great speed.
True ant-eaters are found in the swamps and forests of central and South America. Scaly ant-eaters, or
pangolins, are found in Africa and tropical Asia.
Various other insect-eating animals are sometimes called ant-eaters, although they really belong to
other groups of animals. One of them is the ant-bear, which lives on the plains of South and Central
Africa. This has long, erect ears but short blunt claws, an almost hairless tail, yellow brown in color.
Unlike the true ant-eaters, it has small teeth.

Artinya
Pemakan semut mungkin adalah hewan yang paling penasaran.
Kepala dan moncong panjang mereka terlihat seperti tabung, dan mereka tidak memiliki gigi sama
sekali. Kaki depan mereka sangat kuat dan dipersenjatai dengan cakar melengkung yang besar yang
dengannya mereka membongkar jaring semut dan rayap dan kemudian, ketika serangga-serangga itu
keluar, menggunakan lidah mereka yang panjang dan lengket untuk menjilati mereka dengan
kecepatan tinggi.
Pemakan semut sejati ditemukan di rawa dan hutan di Amerika tengah dan Selatan. Scaly ant-eater,
atau pangolins, ditemukan di Afrika dan Asia tropis.
Berbagai hewan pemakan serangga lainnya kadang-kadang disebut pemakan semut, meskipun mereka
benar-benar termasuk kelompok hewan lain. Salah satunya adalah beruang semut, yang hidup di
dataran Afrika Selatan dan Tengah. Ini memiliki telinga panjang, tegak tetapi cakar pendek tumpul,
ekor yang hampir tidak berbulu, berwarna kuning kecokelatan. Tidak seperti pemakan semut yang
sesungguhnya, ia memiliki gigi kecil.

12. The text tells us ….

A. the story of ant-eaters
B. the report of ant-eaters
C. the discussion of ant-eaters
D. the description of ant-eaters
E. the explanation of ant-eater’s body

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13. What is the ant-bear?
A. The animal has long, erect ears and small teeth
B. The animal looks like a pangolin.
C. The animal has no sticky tongue
D. The animal does not like to eat ants.
E. The animal belongs to ants’ group.
14. From the passage above, we can conclude that….
A. all ants are friends of other insects
B. ants live in the disgusted places
C. ants are classified as predators
D. ants belong to the insect group
E. ants usually eat death animals

Text 6
A kangaroo is an animal found only in Australia. It has a smaller relative, called a wallaby, which
lives on the Australian island of Tasmania and in New Guinea.
Kangaroos eat grass and plants.They have short front legs, but very long and strong back legs and a
tail. These are used for sitting up and for jumping. Kangaroos have been known to make forward
jumps of over eight metres, and leap across fences more than three metres high. They can also run at
speeds of over 45 kilometres per hour.
The largest kangaroos are the Great grey kangaroo and the Red Kangaroo. Adult grows to a length of
1.60 metres and weighs over 90 kilos.
Kangaroos are marsupials. This means that the female kangaroo has an external pouch on the front of
her body. A baby kangaroo is very tiny when it is born, and it crawls at once into this pouch where it
spends its first five months of life.

Artinya
Seekor kanguru adalah hewan yang hanya ditemukan di Australia. Ia memiliki kerabat yang lebih
kecil, disebut walabi, yang hidup di pulau Tasmania Australia dan di New Guinea.
Kangguru memakan rumput dan tanaman. Mereka memiliki kaki depan yang pendek, tetapi kaki
belakang dan ekor yang sangat panjang dan kuat. Ini digunakan untuk duduk dan melompat. Kanguru
telah dikenal membuat melompat ke depan lebih dari delapan meter, dan melompat di pagar lebih dari
tiga meter. Mereka juga dapat berlari dengan kecepatan lebih dari 45 kilometer per jam.
Kanguru terbesar adalah kanguru abu-abu Besar dan Kangguru Merah. Dewasa tumbuh dengan
panjang 1,60 meter dan berat lebih dari 90 kilogram.
Kanguru adalah marsupial. Ini berarti bahwa kanguru betina memiliki kantong eksternal di bagian
depan tubuhnya. Bayi kanguru sangat kecil ketika dilahirkan, dan ia merangkak sekaligus ke dalam
kantong ini di mana ia menghabiskan lima bulan pertama kehidupannya.

15. According to the text, the kangaroo ….

A. can grow as tall as a man
B. can run faster than a car
C. can walk as soon as it is born
D. can jump over a 3 metres high fence
E. can live in a pouch during its life
16. …. are used for sitting up and for jumping.
A. Long tails
B. Short legs
C. Body pouch

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D. Short front legs
E. Strong back legs
17. We know from the text that kangaroo ….
A. is smaller in size to human
B. is an omnivorous animal
C. has habitat in Tasmania
D. can be called Wallaby in New Guinea
E. has another name called Wallaby 29.

Text 7
An elephant is the largest and strongest animals. It is a strange looking animal with its thick legs, huge
sides and backs, large hanging ears, a small tall, little eyes, long white tusks and above all it has a
long noise, the trunk.
The trunk is the elephant’s peculiar feature, and it has various uses. The elephant draws up water by
its trunk and can squirt it all over its body like a shower bath. It can also lift leaves and puts them into
its mouth. In fact the trunk serves the elephant as a long am and hand. An elephant looks very clumsy
and heavy and yet it can move very quickly.
The elephant is a very intelligent animal. Its intelligence combined with its great strength makes it a
very useful servant to man and it can be trained to serve in various ways such as carry heavy loads,
hunt for tigers and even fight.

Artinya
Gajah adalah hewan terbesar dan terkuat. Ini adalah hewan yang tampak aneh dengan kaki-kakinya
yang tebal, sisi-sisi dan punggung-punggung yang besar, telinga-telinga gantung yang besar, mata
kecil yang tinggi, mata kecil, gading-gading putih panjang dan di atas semuanya itu memiliki suara
yang panjang, batang pohon.
Batangnya adalah fitur khas gajah, dan memiliki berbagai kegunaan. Gajah menarik air dari
belalainya dan dapat menyemprotkannya ke seluruh tubuhnya seperti mandi pancuran. Itu juga bisa
mengangkat daun dan memasukkannya ke dalam mulutnya. Kenyataannya, belalai melayani gajah
sebagai kaki dan tangan yang panjang. Seekor gajah terlihat sangat kikuk dan berat, tetapi bisa
bergerak sangat cepat.
Gajah adalah hewan yang sangat cerdas. Kecerdasannya dikombinasikan dengan kekuatannya yang
besar membuatnya menjadi hamba yang sangat berguna bagi manusia dan dapat dilatih untuk
melayani dengan berbagai cara seperti membawa beban berat, berburu harimau dan bahkan berkelahi.

18. The text tells us about….

(A). the Elephant’s peculiar feature
(B). useful servant
(C). strange looking animal
(D). an elephant
(E). elephant looks very clumsy.
19. The third paragraph is mainly about the fact that….
(A) elephants are strong
(B) elephants can lift logs
(C) elephants are servants
(D) elephant are very useful
(E) elephant must be trained
20. The most distinguishing characteristic of an elephant is…..
(A). its clumsiness
(B). its thick legs

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(C). its large body
(D). its long nose
(E). its large ears

B. Answer the quastions below!

21. What is a report text?

22. What is the generic structure of report text?

23. What is the social function of report text?

24. What is the language features of report text?

25. write a factual report text! You may search on media social !

~ THE END ~

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