BAB VII

PERENCANAAN SAMBUNGAN

Sambungan pada titik buhul, diketahui :

• Alat sambung : Baut
• σ : 1600 kg/cm³
• Sudut Kuda – kuda : 22,5°
• Tebal pelat : 1 cm = 10 mm

A. TITIK BUHUL A

1. Tinjau batang A1 (Tekan)

Profil yang dipakai = 65 x 65 x 11
Besar gaya (P) = 6526,334 kg (Tekan)
Tebal pelat buhul = 10 mm = 1 cm
Tegangan – tegangan yang diijinkan dalam menghitung kekuatan baut :
Ø Baut = 16 mm
Tegangan Tarik yang diijinkan = 0,7 × 1600 = 1120 kg/cm³
Tegangan Geser yang diijinkan = 0,6 × 1600 = 960 kg/cm³
Tegangan Tumpu yang diijinkan = 1,2 × 1600 = 1920 kg/cm³
 Jarak antar baut (D = 1,6 cm)
2,5 d <s< 7d
2,5 (1,6) < s < 7 (1,6)
4 < s < 11,2
S diambil 5 cm
1,2 d < s1< 3 d
1,2 (1,6) < s1< 3 (1,6)
1,92 < s1< 4,8
S1 diambil = 2,5 cm
Baut bekerja pada 2 irisan
1
Ngeser = × 𝜋 × 𝑑2 × 𝜏
4
1
= × 3,14 × 1,62 × (0,6 × 1600) = 1929,216 𝑘𝑔
4
Ntp = Ølubang × t × σtp
= 1,7 × 1 × 1920 = 3264 𝑘𝑔

Pilih yang terkecil = 1929,216 kg/cm

𝑃 6526,334
n = 𝑁𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 1929,216 = 3,38 buah → diambil n = 4 buah

Cek tegangan geser untuk 1 baut :

Ry = 0
𝑃 6526,334
Rx = 𝑛 = = 1631,583 kg
4

Profil 65 x 65 x 11 → e = 2,0 cm
1
Mx = P × (2 × 𝐿 − 𝑒)

1
= 6526,334 × (2 × 6,5 − 2)

= 8157,92 kgcm
Σr = Σr² + Σy² = [ (−7,52 ) + (−2,5²) + 2,52 + 7, 52 ) + 0² ]
= 125 cm
𝑀𝑥 × 𝑦 8157,92 × 0
Rx’ = Rx – = 1631,583 –
𝛴𝑟 125

= 1631,583 kg
𝑀𝑥 × 𝑥 8157,92 × 7,5
Ry’ = Ry + =0+
𝛴𝑟 125

= 489,4752 kg
 R = √𝑅𝑥 ′2 + 𝑅𝑦′²

= √(1631,583)2 + (489,4752)²
= 1703,423 kg
𝑅
τ = 1 ≤ 0,6 × 1600
2× ×𝜋×𝑑2
4

1703,423
= 1 ≤ 0,6 × 1600
2× ×3,14×1,62
4

= 423,821 ≤ 960 kg/cm²

2. Tinjauan batang B1 (Tarik)

Profil yang dipakai = 110 x 110 x 10
Besar gaya (P) = 6078,596 kg
Tebal pelat buhul = 10 mm = 1 cm
Tegangan – tegangan yang diijinkan dalam menghitung kekuatan baut :
Ø Baut = 16 mm
Tegangan Tarik yang diijinkan = 0,7 × 1600 = 1120 kg/cm³
Tegangan Geser yang diijinkan = 0,6 × 1600 = 960 kg/cm³
Tegangan Tumpu yang diijinkan = 1,2 × 1600 = 1920 kg/cm³
Jarak antar baut (D = 1,6 cm)
2,5 d <s< 7d
2,5 (1,6) < s < 7 (1,6)
4 < s < 11,2
S diambil 5 cm
1,2 d < s1< 3 d
1,2 (1,6) < s1< 3 (1,6)
1,92 < s1< 4,8
S1 diambil = 2,5 cm
Baut bekerja pada 2 irisan
1
Ngeser = × 𝜋 × 𝑑2 × 𝜏
4
1
= × 3,14 × 1,62 × (0,6 × 1600) = 1929,216 𝑘𝑔
4
Ntp = Ølubang × t × σtp
= 1,7 × 1 × 1920 = 3264 𝑘𝑔

Pilih yang terkecil = 1929,216 kg/cm

 𝑃 6078,596
n= = = 3,151 buah → diambil n = 4 buah
𝑁𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟 1929,216

Cek tegangan geser untuk 1 baut :

Ry = 0
𝑃 6078,596
Rx = 𝑛 = = 1519,649 kg
4

Profil 110 x 110 x 10 → e = 3,07 cm

1
Mx = P × (2 × 𝐿 − 𝑒)

1
= 6078,596 × ( × 11 − 3,07)
2

= 14770,99 kgcm
Σr = Σr² + Σy² = [ (−7,52 − 2,5² + 2,52 + 7, 52 ) + 0² ]
= 125 cm
𝑀𝑥 × 𝑦 14770,99 × 0
Rx’ = Rx – = 1519,649 –
𝛴𝑟 125

= 1519,649 kg
𝑀𝑥 × 𝑥 14770,99 × 7,5
Ry’ = Ry + =0+
𝛴𝑟 125

= 886,26 kg
R = √𝑅𝑥 ′2 + 𝑅𝑦′²

= √(1519,649 )2 + (886,26)²
= 1759,201 kg
𝑅
τ = 1 ≤ 0,6 × 1600
2× ×𝜋×𝑑2
4

1759,201
= 1 ≤ 0,6 × 1600
2× ×3,14×1,62
4

= 437,699 ≤ 960 kg/cm²

Cek terhadap plat buhul A
⸥⸤ 65 x 65 x 11 ⸥⸤ 110 x 110 x 10
A = 13,2 cm² A = 21,2 cm2
Ix = Iy = 48,8 cm4 Ix = Iy = 3,36 cm4
e = 2,0 cm e = 3,07 cm

Mencari Anetto
Profil 65x65x11 = 2 × 6,5 × 1,1 = 14,3 cm²
= 2 × 1,1 × 5,935 = 13,057 cm²
A Plat Buhul = 21,142 × 1 = 21,142 cm²
Profil 110x110x10 = 2 × 11 × 1 = 22 cm²
= 2 × 1 × 10 = 20 cm²
Abrutto = 90,499 cm²
Lubang 1 = 1,7 × 3 = 5,1 cm²
A netto = Abrutto – ( 5,1 )
= 90,499 – 5,1 = 85,399 cm²
Statis momen terhadap sisi bawah
𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑙 ×𝑗𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑙 𝑘𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑤𝑎ℎ
Yb = 𝐴 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑜
(14,3×20,592)+(13,057×17,029)+(21,142×10,571)+(22×0,5)+(20×6)−(5,1×5,5)
= 85,399

= 9,87 cm
Ya = h – Yb
= 21,142 – 9,87 = 11,272 cm

Menghitung I netto
I brutto
1
Profil 65 x 65 x 11 = (2 × (12 × 𝑏 × ℎ3 )) + (A × y²)
1
Bagian atas = (2 × (12 × 6,5 × 1,13 )) + (14,3 × 10,67²)

= 1629,481 cm4
1
Profil 65 x 65 x 11 = (2 × (12 × 𝑏 × ℎ3 )) + (A × y²)
1
Bagian bawah = (2 × (12 × 1,1 × 5,9353 )) + (13,057 × 7,16²)

= 707,702 cm4
1
Plat Buhul = (2 × (12 × 𝑏 × ℎ3 )) + (A × y²)
1
= (2 × (12 × 1 × 21,1423 )) + (21,142 × 0,701²)

= 1585,412 cm4
1
Profil 110 x 110 x 10 = (2 × (12 × 𝑏 × ℎ3 )) + (A × y²)
1
Bagian atas = (2 × (12 × 11 × 13 )) + (22 × 9,37²)

= 1933,365 cm4
 1
Profil 110 x 110 x 10 = (2 × (12 × 𝑏 × ℎ3 )) + (A × y²)
1
Bagian bawah = (2 × (12 × 1 × 103 )) + (20 × 3,87²)

= 466,204 cm4
I brutto = 1629,481 + 707,702 + 1585,412 + 1933,365 + 466,204
= 6322,164 cm4
I lubang
1
I lubang 1 = (12 × 𝑏 × ℎ3 ) + (A × y²)
1
= (12 × 3 × 1,73 ) + (5,1 × 4,37²)

= 98,622 cm4
I netto = I brutto – (98,622)
= 6322,164 – 98,622 = 6223,542 cm4
perhatikan lagi sudutnya. disamakan dengan Sudut
yang dari Ketentuan soal

N1 = - 6526,334 × cos 23° ? = -6007,522 kg (Tekan)

N2 = 6078,596 = 6078,596 kg (Tarik) perhatikan hitungan ke bawah ya

NTotal = - 6007,522 + 6078,596 = 71,074 kg (Tarik)

D = - 6526,334 × sin 23° ? = -2550,042 kg (Tekan)
M = N1 (Ya – ey) + N2 (Yb – ex)
= 6007,522 × (11,272 – 2,0) + 6078,596 × (9,87 – 3,07)
= 55701,744 + 41334,453 = 97036,197 kgcm
𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑜 6223,542
Wa = = = 552,124 cm³
𝑌𝑎 11,272
𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑜 6223,542
Wb = = = 630,55 cm³
𝑌𝑏 9,87

Tegangan yang terjadi :

𝑁𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 71,074
σn = 𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑜 = 85,399 = 0,832 kg/cm²
𝑀 −97036,197
σma = 𝑊𝑎 = = - 175,75 kg/cm²
552,124
𝑀 97036,197
σmb = 𝑊𝑏 = = 153,891 kg/cm²
630,55

σatas = σn + σma
= 0,832 + (-175,75) = - 174,918 kg/cm²
σbawah = σn + σmb
= 0,832 + (153,891) = 154,723 kg/cm²
 𝐷𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 −2550,042
τr = = = 29,86 kg/cm²
𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑜 85,399

σi = √𝜎𝑏 2 + 1,56 × 𝜏𝑟²

= √(154,723 )2 + 1,56 × (29,86)²

= 159,154 kg/cm² < 1600 kg/cm² …. OK !