Masalah Perioperatif
reseptor
Sel sekretori sel target
1. autokrin 2. parakrin
3. endokrin
PRINSIP TRANSDUKSI SINYAL
Stimulus
Respon adaptif
Protein
Sitosol
m- RNA
Nukleus
MEKANISME UMUM e.c. TRANSDUKSI SINYAL
FISIOLOGI ORGAN NORMAL
HOMEOSTASIS
PATHOGENESIS
DEFINISI
Cidera sel:
SEL NORMAL
(homeostasis) CIDERA SEL
REVERSIBEL
Stimulus
Stress Cidera: dosis
ADAPTASI
GAGAL
CIDERA SEL
IREVERSIBEL
NEKROSIS APOPTOSIS
PERUBAHAN HISTOPATOLOGI
Stimulasi Respon Nekrosis & Apoptosis
AUTOPHAGY
Gangguan: New
TRAUMA Respon fisiologik:
Equilibrium:
Nyeri,
Adjusted
Hemostasis
CIDERA physiologic
Neuroendokrin
SEL condition
Refleks
Inflamasi :
Sistem immun Death ?
mediator Sequelae?
metabolik
MEKANISME PADA TRAUMA
Gangguan
Nyeri
Trauma berat
Shock - Trauma berat
+ shock
Stress Hemorrhage
Mitochondrial disruption
+ ATP - ATP
Apoptosis Necrosis
Metabolisme seluler saat iskemia/hipoksia
CO2
36ATP AEROBIC
Respiratory NAD+ Citric
Oxygen Enzyme Acid
Chain NADPH Cycle
H2O
ANAEROBIC
2ATP
Glycolysis
Glucose Pyruvate
NAD+
Lactate
NADPH
NADPH : Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
Perubahan metabolisme akibat trauma
Muscle
Alanine / Pyruvate
Glucose Brain
Glutamine
Glycerol Gluconeogenesis
Ketones Urea
NH3
Kidney
Intestine
Metabolisme glukosa akibat inflamasi
CYTOPLASM
Glucose
Glucose
Cori MITOCHONDRIA
Cycle Pyruvate
Pyruvate Krebs
TNF ATP
IL1X Cycle
IL6
Acetyl CoA
Lactate
Lactate
BLOCKAGE
Metabolisme lemak akibat inflamasi
CAPILLARY
TNF,IL-1
Triglyceride MITOCHONDRIA
Carnitine Fatty acids ATP
TNF
Fatty acid oxidation
Fatty acid
Triglycerides
CYTOPLASMA
glycerol
Respon Hepar akibat inflamasi :
Acute phase proteins
Protein Fungsi
Meningkat C-Reactive protein Opsonin
Serum amyloid A Apolipoprotein
Fibrinogen Coagulation, tissue
repair
Acid Glycoprotein Platelet inhibitor
Macroglobulin, protease Antiprotease
inhibitors
Haptoglobulin, Hemopexin, Antioxidant
ceruloplasmin
C3, Factor b, C1 inhibitor, C4b- Complement
binding protein, Mannose
binding lectin
Menurun Albumin, prealbumin, transferrin Transport
Produksi NOS pada Shock
Efek Ganda NOS
Mekanisme dekompensasi pada shock
HIPO PERFUSI
HIPOKSIA
Disfungsi sel
Asidosis
Mediator Mediator
inflamasi neuroendokrin
Redistribusi Sirkulasi
Iskemi/reperfusi
Rangkuman Respon SIRS
Kegagalan Metabolik
KASUS I : APAKAH YANG TERJADI?
Trauma multipel :
Masalah ?
A = hipoksia
B = gangguan ventilasi
C = perdarahan, iskemia
P = Nyeri
Cidera sel
Inflamasi, SIRS
MODS, MOF?
Perubahan metabolik
Permasalahan Pre-operatif
Bacterial invasion
Counter Inflammation
Immuno depression
SEPSIS
Faist E, Angele M & Wichmann M, Trauma 5th edit. 2004
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