UNIVERSITAS CENDERAWASIH

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN

BUKU LAPANGAN

KEBERSAMAAN MENCIPTAKAN SEGALA

SESUATU

SORONG
2022
Catatan : GEOLOGI DASAR
........................................................................................................................... I. Deskripsi Singkapan
........................................................................................................................... A. Lokasi : ... ………………………….
........................................................................................................................... B. Dimensi Singkapan : L = ……… m; T = ............. m
........................................................................................................................... C. Keadaan Singkapan : ... ………………………….
........................................................................................................................... D. Warna soil : …………………………….. ; Tebal Soil ............m ;
........................................................................................................................... E. Jenis soil................................................................ (Pedalfer, Pedokal)
........................................................................................................................... F. Keadaan Vegetasi : ... ………………………….
........................................................................................................................... G. Tingkat Pelapukan : ……………………………
........................................................................................................................... H. Jenis Batuan : ……………………………
........................................................................................................................... I. Kedudukan Batuan : ……………………………
........................................................................................................................... J. Hubungan dengan batuan disekitarnya :
........................................................................................................................... …………………………..…………………………………………..………
........................................................................................................................... ………………………………………………………………….……………
........................................................................................................................... ……………………………………………………………………….………
........................................................................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………….…
........................................................................................................................... K. Kenampakan lainnya secara umum :
........................................................................................................................... ………………………………………………………………….……………
........................................................................................................................... ……………………………………………………………………….………
........................................................................................................................... ……………………………………………………………………………….
........................................................................................................................... ……….………………………………………………………………………
........................................................................................................................... L. Setelah itu diskripsi sampel singkapan tsb yang masih fresh yang berukuran
........................................................................................................................... hand speciment.
........................................................................................................................... M. Bila ada kenampakan (kekar, breksiasi, indikasi sesar, lipatan, dll) maka
........................................................................................................................... unsur-unsur struktur tersebut harus diukur serta disketsa lalu berikan
........................................................................................................................... penjelasan pada buku lapangan.
...........................................................................................................................

1
36
A. Lokasi : ...…………………………. Catatan :
B. Dimensi Singkapan : L = ……… m; T = ............ m ...........................................................................................................................
C. Keadaan Singkapan : ...…………………………. ...........................................................................................................................
D. Warna soil : …………………………….. ; Tebal Soil ........... m ; ...........................................................................................................................
E. Jenis soil ................................................................. (Pedalfer, Pedokal) ...........................................................................................................................
F. Keadaan Vegetasi : ...…………………………. ...........................................................................................................................
G. Tingkat Pelapukan : …………………………… ...........................................................................................................................
H. Jenis Batuan : …………………………… ...........................................................................................................................
I. Kedudukan Batuan : …………………………… ...........................................................................................................................
J. Hubungan dengan batuan disekitarnya : ...........................................................................................................................
…………………………..…………………………………………..……… ...........................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………….…………… ...........................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………….……… ...........................................................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………….… ...........................................................................................................................
K. Kenampakan lainnya secara umum : ...........................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………….…………… ...........................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………….……… ...........................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………. ...........................................................................................................................
……….……………………………………………………………………… ...........................................................................................................................
L. Setelah itu diskripsi sampel singkapan tsb yang masih fresh yang berukuran ...........................................................................................................................
hand speciment. ...........................................................................................................................
M. Bila ada kenampakan (kekar, breksiasi, indikasi sesar, lipatan, dll) maka ...........................................................................................................................
unsur-unsur struktur tersebut harus diukur serta disketsa lalu berikan ...........................................................................................................................
penjelasan pada buku lapangan. ...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

2 35
Catatan : A. Lokasi : ... ………………………….

........................................................................................................................... B. Dimensi Singkapan : L = ……… m; T =............. m

........................................................................................................................... C. Keadaan Singkapan : ... ………………………….

........................................................................................................................... D. Warna soil : …………………………….. ; Tebal Soil ............m ;

........................................................................................................................... E. Jenis soil ................................................................(Pedalfer, Pedokal)

........................................................................................................................... F. Keadaan Vegetasi : ... ………………………….

........................................................................................................................... G. Tingkat Pelapukan : ……………………………

........................................................................................................................... H. Jenis Batuan : ……………………………

........................................................................................................................... I. Kedudukan Batuan : ……………………………

........................................................................................................................... J. Hubungan dengan batuan disekitarnya :

........................................................................................................................... …………………………..…………………………………………..………

........................................................................................................................... ………………………………………………………………….……………

........................................................................................................................... ……………………………………………………………………….………

........................................................................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………….…

........................................................................................................................... K. Kenampakan lainnya secara umum :

........................................................................................................................... ………………………………………………………………….……………

........................................................................................................................... ……………………………………………………………………….………

........................................................................................................................... ……………………………………………………………………………….

........................................................................................................................... ……….………………………………………………………………………

........................................................................................................................... L. Setelah itu diskripsi sampel singkapan tsb yang masih fresh yang berukuran

........................................................................................................................... hand speciment.

........................................................................................................................... M. Bila ada kenampakan (kekar, breksiasi, indikasi sesar, lipatan, dll) maka

........................................................................................................................... unsur-unsur struktur tersebut harus diukur serta disketsa lalu berikan

........................................................................................................................... penjelasan pada buku lapangan.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

3
34
A. Lokasi : ...…………………………. Catatan :
B. Dimensi Singkapan : L = ……… m; T = ............ m ...........................................................................................................................
C. Keadaan Singkapan : ...…………………………. ...........................................................................................................................
D. Warna soil : …………………………….. ; Tebal Soil ........... m ; ...........................................................................................................................
E. Jenis soil ................................................................. (Pedalfer, Pedokal) ...........................................................................................................................
F. Keadaan Vegetasi : ...…………………………. ...........................................................................................................................
G. Tingkat Pelapukan : …………………………… ...........................................................................................................................
H. Jenis Batuan : …………………………… ...........................................................................................................................
I. Kedudukan Batuan : …………………………… ...........................................................................................................................
J. Hubungan dengan batuan disekitarnya : ...........................................................................................................................
…………………………..…………………………………………..……… ...........................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………….…………… ...........................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………….……… ...........................................................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………….… ...........................................................................................................................
K. Kenampakan lainnya secara umum : ...........................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………….…………… ...........................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………….……… ...........................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………. ...........................................................................................................................
……….……………………………………………………………………… ...........................................................................................................................
L. Setelah itu diskripsi sampel singkapan tsb yang masih fresh yang berukuran ...........................................................................................................................
hand speciment. ...........................................................................................................................
M. Bila ada kenampakan (kekar, breksiasi, indikasi sesar, lipatan, dll) maka ...........................................................................................................................
unsur-unsur struktur tersebut harus diukur serta disketsa lalu berikan ...........................................................................................................................
penjelasan pada buku lapangan. ...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

4 33
Catatan : A. Lokasi : ... ………………………….
B. Dimensi Singkapan : L = ……… m; T =............. m
...........................................................................................................................
C. Keadaan Singkapan : ... ………………………….
...........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................... D. Warna soil : …………………………….. ; Tebal Soil ............m ;

........................................................................................................................... E. Jenis soil ................................................................(Pedalfer, Pedokal)

F. Keadaan Vegetasi : ... ………………………….
...........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................... G. Tingkat Pelapukan : ……………………………

........................................................................................................................... H. Jenis Batuan : ……………………………

I. Kedudukan Batuan : ……………………………
...........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................... J. Hubungan dengan batuan disekitarnya :

........................................................................................................................... …………………………..…………………………………………..………
………………………………………………………………….……………
...........................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………….………
...........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………….…

........................................................................................................................... K. Kenampakan lainnya secara umum :

........................................................................................................................... ………………………………………………………………….……………
……………………………………………………………………….………
...........................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………….
...........................................................................................................................
……….………………………………………………………………………
...........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................... L. Setelah itu diskripsi sampel singkapan tsb yang masih fresh yang berukuran

........................................................................................................................... hand speciment.

........................................................................................................................... M. Bila ada kenampakan (kekar, breksiasi, indikasi sesar, lipatan, dll) maka

........................................................................................................................... unsur-unsur struktur tersebut harus diukur serta disketsa lalu berikan

........................................................................................................................... penjelasan pada buku lapangan.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

5
32
A. Lokasi : ...…………………………. Kembali Waktu
No Muat Angkut Menumpah
B. Dimensi Singkapan : L = ……… m; T = ............ m Kosong Edar
66
C. Keadaan Singkapan : ...…………………………. 67
D. Warna soil : …………………………….. ; Tebal Soil ........... m ; 68
69
E. Jenis soil ................................................................. (Pedalfer, Pedokal) 70
F. Keadaan Vegetasi : ...…………………………. 71
72
G. Tingkat Pelapukan : ……………………………
73
H. Jenis Batuan : …………………………… 74
75
I. Kedudukan Batuan : ……………………………
76
J. Hubungan dengan batuan disekitarnya : 77
…………………………..…………………………………………..……… 78
79
………………………………………………………………….…………… 80
……………………………………………………………………….……… 81
82
…………………………………………………………………………….… 83
K. Kenampakan lainnya secara umum : 84
85
………………………………………………………………….……………
86
……………………………………………………………………….……… 87
………………………………………………………………………………. 88
89
……….……………………………………………………………………… 90
L. Setelah itu diskripsi sampel singkapan tsb yang masih fresh yang berukuran 91
92
hand speciment. 93
M. Bila ada kenampakan (kekar, breksiasi, indikasi sesar, lipatan, dll) maka 94
95
unsur-unsur struktur tersebut harus diukur serta disketsa lalu berikan
96
penjelasan pada buku lapangan. 97
98
99
100

31
6
 No Muat Angkut Menumpah Kembali Waktu Petrologi
Kosong Edar
Batuan Beku
31
32 A. Jenis Batuan
33 (Asam, Intermediet, Basa, Ultrabasa)
34
35 B. Warna Lapuk
36 C. Warna Segar
37
38 D. Struktur
39 E. Tekstur
40
1. Derajat Kristalisasi : ……………………………………
41
42 (Holokristalin, Hipokristalin, Holohialin)
43
2. Granularitas
44
45 (Fanerik, Afanitik)
3. 46 Fabrik (Kemas)
47
48 a. Bentuk Butir
49 (Euhedral, Subhedral, Anhedral)
50
51 b. Relasi
52 (Equigranular
53
Hipidiomorfik granular, Allotiomorfik granular ;
54
55 Inequigranular = Porfiritik, Vitroferik, porfiro
56 afanitik, dll ; Tekstur Khusus = Diabasik,
57
58 Trakhitik, Intergranular, dll)
59 F. Komposisi Mineral
60
61 1. Mineral Utama
62 2. Mineral Tambahan
63
G. Nama Batuan
64
65

30
7
A. Jenis Batuan : Batuan Beku ….................... II. Truck
(Asam, Intermediet, Basa, Ultrabasa) W. Awal : .................................. Hari, tgl : ..................................
B. Warna Lapuk : …………………………………… W. Akhir : .................................. W.Istirahat : ..................................
C. Warna Segar : …………………………………… Kembali Waktu
No Muat Angkut Menumpah
D. Struktur ................................................. (Lihat lampiran ttg struktur Btn Beku) Kosong Edar
1
E. Tekstur : 2
1. Derajat Kristalisasi : …………………………………… 3
4
(Holokristalin, Hipokristalin, Holohialin)
5
2. Granularitas : …………………………………… 6
7
(Fanerik, Afanitik)
8
3. Fabrik (Kemas) : 9
a. Bentuk Butir : …………………………………… 10
11
(Euhedral, Subhedral, Anhedral) 12
b. Relasi : …………………………………… 13
14
(Equigranular = Panidiomerfik granular, 15
Hipidiomorfik granular, Allotiomorfik granular ; 16
17
Inequigranular = Porfiritik, Vitroferik, porfiro
18
afanitik, dll ; Tekstur Khusus = Diabasik, 19
Trakhitik, Intergranular, dll) 20
21
F. Komposisi Mineral : 22
1. Mineral Utama : …………………………………… 23
24
2. Mineral Tambahan : …………………………………… 25
G. Nama Batuan : …………………………………… 26
27
28
29
30

29
8
 Kembali Waktu A. Jenis Batuan
No Maju Muat Angkut Menumpah
Kosong Edar (Asam, Intermediet, Basa, Ultrabasa)
66
67 B. Warna Lapuk
68 C. Warna Segar
69
70 D. Struktur
71 E. Tekstur
72
1. Derajat Kristalisasi : ……………………………………
73
74 (Holokristalin, Hipokristalin, Holohialin)
75
2. Granularitas
76
77 (Fanerik, Afanitik)
78 3. Fabrik (Kemas)
79
80 a. Bentuk Butir
81 (Euhedral, Subhedral, Anhedral)
82
83 b. Relasi
84 (Equigranular
85
Hipidiomorfik granular, Allotiomorfik granular ;
86
87 Inequigranular = Porfiritik, Vitroferik, porfiro
88 afanitik, dll ; Tekstur Khusus = Diabasik,
89
90 Trakhitik, Intergranular, dll)
91 F. Komposisi Mineral
92
93 1. Mineral Utama
94 2. Mineral Tambahan
95
G. Nama Batuan
96
97
98
99
100

9
28
A. Jenis Batuan : Batuan Beku ….................... Kembali Waktu
No Maju Muat Angkut Menumpah
(Asam, Intermediet, Basa, Ultrabasa) Kosong Edar
31
B. Warna Lapuk : …………………………………… 32
C. Warna Segar : …………………………………… 33
34
D. Struktur ................................................. (Lihat lampiran ttg struktur Btn Beku) 35
E. Tekstur : 36
37
1. Derajat Kristalisasi : ……………………………………
38
(Holokristalin, Hipokristalin, Holohialin) 39
2. Granularitas : …………………………………… 40
41
(Fanerik, Afanitik) 42
3. Fabrik (Kemas) : 43
44
a. Bentuk Butir : …………………………………… 45
(Euhedral, Subhedral, Anhedral) 46
47
b. Relasi : …………………………………… 48
(Equigranular = Panidiomerfik granular, 49
50
Hipidiomorfik granular, Allotiomorfik granular ;
51
Inequigranular = Porfiritik, Vitroferik, porfiro 52
afanitik, dll ; Tekstur Khusus = Diabasik, 53
54
Trakhitik, Intergranular, dll) 55
F. Komposisi Mineral : 56
57
1. Mineral Utama : …………………………………… 58
2. Mineral Tambahan : …………………………………… 59
60
G. Nama Batuan : ……………………………………
61
62
63
64
65

10 27
II. Loader Batuan Sedimen
W. Awal : .................................. Hari, tgl : .................................. A. Jenis Batuan : Sedimen …................

W. Akhir : .................................. W.Istirahat : .................................. (Klastik, Nonklastik)

Kembali Waktu B. Warna Lapuk : ……………………………………

No Maju Muat Angkut Menumpah
Kosong Edar C. Warna Segar : ……………………………………
1
2 D. Struktur : …................ (Lihat lampiran ttg struktur Btn Sedimen)
3 E. Tekstur
4
1. Ukuran Butir : …................
5
6 (Skala Wenworth,)
7 2. Pemilahan : ……………………………………
8
9 (Baik, Sedang, Buruk)
10 3. Kebundaran : ……………………………………
11
12 (Sangat membulat, Membulat, Membulat tanggung,
13 Menyudut tanggung, Menyudut, Sangat menyudut)
14
4. Kemas : ……………………………………
15
16 (Terbuka, Tertutup)
17
F. Komposisi Mineral
18
19 1. Fragmen : ……………………………………
20 2. Matriks : ……………………………………
21
22 3. Semen : ……………………………………
23 G. Nama Batuan : ……………………………………
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

26
11
A. Jenis Batuan : Sedimen …................ Swing Waktu
No Gali Swing Isi Menumpah
(Klastik, Nonklastik) Kosong Edar
66
B. Warna Lapuk : …………………………………… 67
C. Warna Segar : …………………………………… 68
69
D. Struktur ............................................ (Lihat lampiran ttg struktur Btn Sedimen) 70
E. Tekstur 71
72
1. Ukuran Butir : …................
73
(Skala Wenworth,) 74
75
2. Pemilahan : ……………………………………
76
(Baik, Sedang, Buruk) 77
3. Kebundaran : …………………………………… 78
79
(Sangat membulat, Membulat, Membulat tanggung, 80
Menyudut tanggung, Menyudut, Sangat menyudut) 81
82
4. Kemas : …………………………………… 83
(Terbuka, Tertutup) 84
85
F. Komposisi Mineral
86
1. Fragmen : …………………………………… 87
2. Matriks : …………………………………… 88
89
3. Semen : …………………………………… 90
G. Nama Batuan : …………………………………… 91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100

12 25
 Swing Waktu A. Jenis Batuan
No Gali Swing Isi Menumpah
Kosong Edar (Klastik, Nonklastik)
31
32 B. Warna Lapuk
33 C. Warna Segar
34
35 D. Struktur
36 E. Tekstur
37
1. Ukuran Butir : …................
38
39 (Skala Wenworth,)
40 2. Pemilahan
41
42 (Baik, Sedang, Buruk)
43 3. Kebundaran
44
45 (Sangat membulat, Membulat, Membulat tanggung,
46 Menyudut tanggung, Menyudut, Sangat menyudut)
47
48 4. Kemas
49 (Terbuka, Tertutup)
50
F. Komposisi Mineral
51
52 1. Fragmen
53 2. Matriks
54
55 3. Semen
56 G. Nama Batuan
57
58
59
60 24
13
61
62
63
64
65
A. Jenis Batuan : Sedimen …................ PEMINDAHAN TANAH MEKANIS
(Klastik, Nonklastik) I. Excavator / Backhoe
B. Warna Lapuk : …………………………………… W. Awal : .................................. Hari, tgl : ..................................
C. Warna Segar : ……………………………………
W. Akhir : .................................. W.Istirahat : ..................................
D. Struktur ............................................ (Lihat lampiran ttg struktur Btn Sedimen)
No Gali Swing Isi Menumpah Swing Waktu
E. Tekstur Kosong Edar
1. Ukuran Butir : …................ 1
2
(Skala Wenworth,) 3
2. Pemilahan : …………………………………… 4
5
(Baik, Sedang, Buruk) 6
3. Kebundaran : …………………………………… 7
8
(Sangat membulat, Membulat, Membulat tanggung,
9
Menyudut tanggung, Menyudut, Sangat menyudut) 10
11
4. Kemas : ……………………………………
12
(Terbuka, Tertutup) 13
F. Komposisi Mineral 14
15
1. Fragmen : …………………………………… 16
2. Matriks : …………………………………… 17
18
3. Semen : …………………………………… 19
G. Nama Batuan : …………………………………… 20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

23
14
II. Sketsa Lintasan Batuan Metamorf
A. Jenis Batuan : Batuan Metamorf …....................
(Regional, Kontak, Kataklastik, Burial)
B. Warna Lapuk : ……………………………………
C. Warna Segar : ……………………………………
D. Struktur : ……………………………………
Foliasi  Slaty cleavage, Schistose, Gneisic, Phylitic ; Non
Foliasi  Hornfelsik, Granulose, Liniasi, Pilonotik,
Kataklastik (Flaser, Boudinage, Milonitik) etc
E. Tekstur : ……………………………………
(Kristaloblastik Lepidoblastik, Nematoblastik,
Xenoblastik, Idioblastik,Granoblastik, Porfiroblastik ;
Palimpsest  Blastoporfiritik, Blastopsefit, Blastopsemit,
Blastopelite, etc).
F. Komposisi Mineral :
1. Mineral Stress : ……………………………………
2. Mineral Antistress : ……………………………………
3. Lain-lain : ……………………………………
G. Nama Batuan : ……………………………………

22 15
A. Jenis Batuan : Batuan Metamorf …....................
(Regional, Kontak, Kataklastik, Burial)
B. Warna Lapuk : ……………………………………
C. Warna Segar : ……………………………………
D. Struktur : ……………………………………
Foliasi  Slaty cleavage, Schistose, Gneisic, Phylitic ; Non
Foliasi  Hornfelsik, Granulose, Liniasi, Pilonotik,
Kataklastik (Flaser, Boudinage, Milonitik) etc
E. Tekstur : ……………………………………
(Kristaloblastik Lepidoblastik, Nematoblastik,
Xenoblastik, Idioblastik,Granoblastik, Porfiroblastik ;
Palimpsest  Blastoporfiritik, Blastopsefit, Blastopsemit,
Blastopelite, etc).
F. Komposisi Mineral :
1. Mineral Stress : ……………………………………
2. Mineral Antistress : ……………………………………
3. Lain-lain : ……………………………………
G. Nama Batuan : ……………………………………

16
21
 PEMETAAN (KOMPAS) III. Geologi Struktur
I. Peta Lintasan A. Pemetaan Struktur

Lokasi : Hari, tgl : Hari, tgl : Cuaca :

Cuaca : Koordinat :

Azimuth Jarak No Strike/Trend Dip/Plung Spasi Bukaan Pengisi

o
Patok Slope ( ) Keterangan (No E) (o ) (cm) (mm)
(N o
E) (Meter) 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

20
17
 Strike/Trend Dip/Plung Spasi Bukaan Sketsa
No Pengisi
(No E) (o ) (cm) (mm)
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.

18
19
 3. PERALATAN UNIT CRUSHING PLANT
Waktu Awal : Titik Kordinat dan a. Hopper
Elevasi: b. Dimensi Hopper
Waktu Akhir : Metode Penambangan:

Waktu Istirahat: Dimensi Hopper

HOPPER I
A. PENGAMBILAN DATA DI LAPANGAN
1. Deskripsi Wilayah Penelitian: Dimensi Panjang Lebar Luas Tinggi Volume
Atas
Bawah

HOPPER I
Dimensi Panjang Lebar Luas Tinggi Volume
Atas
Bawah
2. Deskripsi Dan Gambarkan Alur Proses Kegiatan Dari Awal
Penggalian, Peremukan Unit Crushing Plant, Hingga Hasil Produksi a. Feeder I
Spesifikasi Teknis Pengimpanan (feeder) yang digunakan:
Type
Tempat Pembuatan
Model, Lebar
Jumlah Bar
Jarak Pitch
Kapasitas
Ukuran umpan maksimum
Berat
Feeder II
Spesifikasi Teknis Pengimpanan (feeder) yang digunakan:
Type
Tempat Pembuatan
Model, Lebar
Jumlah Bar
Jarak Pitch
Kapasitas
Ukuran umpan maksimum
Berat
Belt Convoyor (Sabuk Berjalan)

No Belt Conveyor Jarak Waktu Kecepatan Luas Penanpang Berat Material

(Cm) (Detik) (Cm/S) Muatan

 Kecepatan
 Spesifikasi teknis sabuk berjalan
 Kapasitas nyata Belt Conveyor
Belt Convoyor (Sabuk Berjalan)

No Belt Conveyor Jarak Waktu Kecepatan Luas Penanpang Berat Material

(Cm) (Detik) (Cm/S) Muatan
Spesifikasi Crushing Plant

a. Screening
Screening Feed Produk Ukuran Material

(ton/jam) (ton/jam)

No Ukuran Material Volume Awal Volume Akhir Selisih

(mm) m³ m³
 1. Efisiensi Waktu Kerja

SEBELUM PERBAIKAN SETELAH PERBAIKAN

Hambatan Waktu (Menit) HambatanWaktu (Menit)

Hambatan Karena Faktor Manusia

No Jenis Hambatan Waktu

Hambatan Karena Faktor Alat

No Jenis Hambatan Waktu