Jhih < ^uskbhwhtk

JKI < 8;8888188
Fobhs / ^oi <^N-N Qhmk / KK (Cuh)
Ihth Fubkhe < ^thtkstkfh chj Qrdghgkbkths

S_MH^ QOWSOI_HJ FO-=

Wuiusfhjbhe porihshbhehj pojobktkhj gorkfut ekpdtosksjyh ujtuf ulk fdrobhsk hjthr 7
vhrkhgob.
vhrkhgob. Bhfufhj
Bhfufhj pojmulkhj
pojmulkhj ekpdtosks yhjm tobhe hjch ruiusfhj cojmhj iojmm
iojmmujhfh
ujhfhj
j
hjhbksks poth fdrobhsk lkfh chth yhjm ckpordboe gorsfhbh kjtorvhb. Chth ckpordboe chrk shipob
yhjm ckhigkb sonhrh rhjcdi. Gorkfut chth yhjm gorehskb ckkipuj<
Phr  87 88 8> 8 8= 83 80 8 8> 8> 8? 8 80 8? 8=
U ? ? 3
Phr  71 71 80 8 83 8? 80 8 85 8= 83 8 8> 80 88
[ 0 ? ;
Gorchshrfhj chth torsogut bhfufhj hjhbksks ujtuf ioiguftkfhj ekpdtosks yhjm tobhe ckruiusfhj,
sobhjlutjyh foiufhfhj foskipubhj chrk ehskb hjhbksks hjch!

Qojyoboshkhj<
Qorihshbhehj pojobktkhj<
Hphfhe hch eugujmhj hjthrh Phr U cojmhj Phr [. ^oghjyhf 8? Phr U ckhihtk. Chth
ehskb pojmufurhj gorsfhbh kjtorvhb. ^hipob ckhigkb sonhrh rhjcdi.
Ekpdtosks<
E1< Skchf hch eugujmhj hjthrh Phr U cojmhj Phr [

E8< Hch eugujmhj hjthrh Phr U cojmhj Phr [

Lustk`kfhsk<
Chbhi tos hjhbksks kjk ckmujhfhj tos prdcunt idiojt fhrojh<
@ujmsk tos kjk hchbhe utuf iojmotheuk eugujmhj hjthrh Phr U chj Phr [
Chj hsuisk tos kjk iobkputk6 Hch eugujmhj Phr U chj Phr [ , Skchf hch eugujmhj
Phr U chj Phr [
Qrdsocur hjhbksks chth<
Shgob forlh<
Phr U Phr [ U7 [7 U[

8
878 7
711 8
83
738 3
31
111 7
7371
1
 

8> 80 80; 7?0 715

8? 80 77? 7?0 731
8= 83 75; 8;0 7>5
83 8? 8;0 77? 781
80 80 7?0 7?0 7?0
8? 8? 77? 77? 77?
8> 85 80; >73 7>3

8
8>? 8
8=3 8
70
7;? 7
85
;;0 7
7788
1
83 8; 8;0 >08 700
80 8> 7?0 80; 715
8? 80 77? 7?0 731
8= 88 75; 878 85=
780 731 >8?3 >;>1 >31>

j ∘  U  [  ∗∘  U  ∘ [ 
k k k k
r9
∜ ´ ´ ´

  8? ( >31> )∗ ( 780 Ý 731 )

´
∜ V ( 8? ) ( >8?3 )∗( 780 ) Y V ( 8? ) (>;>1 )∗( 731 ) Y
7 7

  ?813? ∗?8531
´
∜ ( 3=>81∗ 300?0 ) (?5;?1 ∗?=011 )
  ∗=;?
´
∜ ( 0?3 ) (8>?1 )
  ∗ =;?
´
∜ 557;11
557;11
  =;?
´∗
;>;,07

´ ∗1,5?

Lhck fdo`kskoj hjthrh Phr U chj Phr [ hchbhe 1,5?, gorhrtk focuh vhrkhgob torsogut
ioikbkfk eugujmhj yhjm Orht chj gojtuf eugujmhjjyh hchbhe Bkjohr Jomhtk`.
Sktkf frktks<
Qhch thgob prdcunt idiojt. Cojmhj j 9 8? chj hbpeh ?% ihfh jkbhk r thgob / tktkf 
frkstks sogoshr 1,?83
Foputushj<
Dboe fhrojh r ehskb hjhbksks (1,5?) : chrk r thgob ihfh E1 cktdbhf.
Foskipubhj<
Gorchshrfhj ehskb hjhbksks chth yhjm ckbhfufhj ihfh chpht ckskipubfhj ghewh<
h. Hch
Hch eu
euguj
gujmhj
mhj hjt
hjthrh
hrh Phr U chj
chj Phr [.
 g. Hrhe eugujmhj jomhtk`, hrtkjyh focuh vhrkhgob iojmhbhik porughehj fohrhe yhjm
 gorbhwhjhj.
n. Fofuhthj
Fofuhthj eug
eugujmhj
ujmhjjyh
jyh torm
tormdbdj
dbdjm
m fuht cojmhj
cojmhj f
fdo`ksko
do`kskoj
j fdrobhsk
fdrobhsk sogosh
sogoshrr 1,5?
 

c. Qrockfsk < ^oihfkj goshr Phr U ihfh soihfkj fonkb Phr [ chj soghbkfjyh.