Literasi Dalam Bahasa Inggris

Pendampingan Super Intensif
dalam Rangka Peningkatan Kapasitas

Tes Potensi Skolastik Bagi Siswa SMA
di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS
1 | LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

Why Do Flamingos Stand on One Leg?
(1) One theory suggests that standing on one leg

helps reduce muscle fatigue, allowing flamingos to
move more quickly when threatened by
predators.
(2) Another theory involves the maintenance of
body temperature. Because birds lose a lot of heat
through their legs and feet, holding one leg closer
to the body could conceivably help them stay
warm.
(3) Both theories were tested by observing a flock
of flamingos at the Philadelphia Zoo. If the theory
was correct, flamingos should be able to move
more quickly from a unipedal position, but
researchers found that they were actually faster
when starting on both feet.
(4) The body heat theory was tested by
monitoring the temperature and weather
conditions during periods of flamingo rest.
However, they spend the majority of their time in
water, which can lower their body temperature
fairly quickly—hence the need for heat
conservation.
(5) Yet another theory suggests that flamingos,
like whales and dolphins, are essentially able to
turn off half their brains when they sleep.
(6) Ornithologists admit that no theory so far has
been confirmed with certainty and say there may
be additional reasons why flamingos stand on one
leg, including reducing exposure to waterborne
parasites and other hazards.

1. Which of the following is NOT STATED as a
possible explanation of the bird’s behaviour?
A. Flamingo stands on one leg to reduce
muscle fatigue.
B. Flamingo stands on one leg to easily find
food.
C. Flamingo stands on one leg to regulate the
body temperature.
D. Flamingo stands on one leg to rest their
foot.
E. Flamingo stands on one leg to avoid
parasites.
2. The passage is primarily concerned with which

of the following….
A. Body temperature regulation is the sole
reason for the bird's behavior.
B. The bird’s behavior is primarily used for
defence against the predator.
C. Flamingo has the capacity to shut down
some parts of its brain.
D. Flamingo’s feet have to be in a unipedal
position.
E. A number of theories are stated to explain
the phenomenon, however, none can
adequately explain.

Autopsies Show Coronavirus in
the Eyeballs of Victims
(1) The virus that causes COVID-19 has been found

in the eye tissues of those who have died from the
disease. By looking at tissue samples from
deceased donors, researchers found the virus was
present in the eye itself—not just in the tears, as
had previously been identified by scientists.
(2) The study, which appears on the pre-print

website medRxiv, has not been peer reviewed by
a panel of experts, so findings should be
interpreted with caution. They say the results
show how important sticking to donor screening
guidelines are, as well as post-mortem testing and
following disinfection protocols to make sure
tissue harboring SARS-CoV-2 is not used for
transplantation.
(3) Sawant told Newsweek that previous reports

have shown the virus can be present in the tears
of COVID-19 sufferers and that it can cause
conjunctivitis, which affects the membrane that
covers the front surface of the eye and inner
surface of the eyelids.
(4) He said that having access to post-mortem

ocular tissue meant they were able to carry out
research on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the
eye. While it did not determine whether the
tissues could transmit infection, "it does highlight
the fact that the surface layers of the eye

(conjunctiva, cornea, sclera) and tears are a
possible route for transmission of the virus."
3. The author of this passage is primarily

concerned with...
A. a possible virus transmission through organ
transplantation
B. a possible virus infection throughout the
body
C. a possible virus infection in eyes
D. a possible virus presence on tears of COVID-
19 sufferers
E. the pressing need to peer-review on the
study
4. According to the passage, which is NOT STATED

as a precaution for the virus transmission
during an organ transplantation?
A. rigidly following the donor reception
guideline
B. carrying out sterilization procedure on the
organs
C. doing viral tests on the organ after the
death of the donor
D. retesting the organ to be transplanted for
the virus contamination
E. peer-review the study
Read the text below and choose the correct

answer to the following question!
(1) Preschool age is less a concrete number
than it is a state of mind. Children typically start
their preschool at the age of 3 or 4. However, it is
something that parents need to figure out. The

skills that a child should cultivate prior to
kindergarten are more about socializing. Learning
how to read, write, and count is the second
priority. In other words, children may know
alphabets, numbers, but they still need a little
extra emotional support that you can get in child
care but will not be as readily available in
preschool. The misconception that there is an
ideal preschool-age rests in a misunderstanding of
the difference between the quality of child care
and preschool.
(2) “Child care provides preschool, but

preschool doesn’t provide care,” explains Nikki
Darling-Kuria, program manager of professional
development at child-development nonprofit Zero
to Three and author of Brain-Based Early Learning
Activities: Connecting Theory and Practice.
Darling-Kuria notes that parents who already have
their child in good child-care do not necessarily
need to transition to preschool at all. In child care,
children will earn the ability to play, communicate,
and collaborate with others, the ability to listen to
and follow instructions, and the ability to wait in
line or sit still. These essential skills are already
aligned with the skills required to enter
kindergarten. “High-quality child care means
children are able to receive care but they’re
getting it in the form of high-quality environments
where relationships are key,” she says. “Those
relationships set them up for good learning for the
rest of their life.” Knowing the alphabet, colors,
and shapes, and being able to count often feel
important, but research hasn’t borne out that

these are essential skills for future success. After
all, the purpose of kindergarten is to make sure all
children have the same foundation before
entering the first grade no matter what skills they
have developed before kindergarten.
(3) Many preschools offer excellent

opportunities to build the social and play skills
children need to be successful. Others are
important in that they offer children a faith-based
foundation consistent with their cultural
expectations. However, making the transition to a
preschool is less about reaching a preschool age
and more about making sure a child has been
emotionally prepared to make the transition away
from their child-care setting.
(4) Many preschools ask that children have a

certain level of independence before entry. They
may need to be reliably potty trained, able to feed
themselves, or capable of washing their hands.
Because children reach these milestones at wildly
different ages, it’s possible that some children
might be ready to enter preschool at 30 months.
Other children may not be ready until they are
over 4 years old. More important than skills,
however, is understanding whether both children
and parents are ready to make a transition. In
some cases transitioning a child away from child
care that’s already providing good social
education opportunities can be traumatic, and
some parents who have children at home may
simply not be ready to separate from their child.

(5) Regardless of age, experts agree that
whether a child stays in a high-quality child-care
environment or enters preschool, relationships
are key. “Find a preschool with low teacher-child
ratios so the teacher has time to nurture each
individual child,” says Christine Kyriakakos Martin,
founder and owner of Sunshine Preschool in
Hopkinton, Massachusetts, and author of You’ve
Got This! Keys to Effective Parenting for the Early
Years. “The most important factor is finding a safe,
nurturing environment where your child can feel
comfortable to trust their caregiver. Children grow
socially, emotionally, and cognitively when they
bond with a familiar caregiver.”
5. The first paragraph tells that ...

A. Children are prioritized to learn alphabets
and numbers in preschool.
B. Children have wide opportunities to
develop social skills in child care.
C. Enrolling children to a preschool program is
not based on age.
D. Preschools commonly see children’s
responsibility towards themselves.
E. Every child is able to establish social skills at
different ages
6. According to the text, how does child care

differ from preschool?
A. Child care is the first obligatory stage of
child's education, while experts do not
suggest that preschool is a must.

B. Prior to entering child care, caregivers will
examine children's independence, unlike
preschool that gives counting numbers test.
C. Either preschool or child care provides the
same teaching methods to help them
interact well with each other.
D. Children get more emotional supports in
developing their socialization skills in child
care instead of preschool.
E. Preschool motivates children to read, write,
and count, while speaking and listening
skills are taught in child care.
7. What did the experts say about the right time

for children to join a preschool program?
A. There is not a specific age for children to go
to a preschool program unless they have
been mentally and socially prepared.
B. Children have to be trained to take care and
be responsible for themselves before
entering kindergarten.
C. The age of 3 and 4 is the ideal age for
children to develop their social skills in
preschool settings.
D. Parents must enroll their children in a
preschool program after they have earned
social skills from child care.
E. Children must go to a child-care program
beforehand to establish their social skills;
then, parents can do a transition to a
preschool for their children

8. Which of the following information is NOT
mentioned in the passage?
A. The skills which children will acquire in child
care.
B. The importance of children establishing
relationships.
C. Several differences between child care and
preschool.
D. The proper timing for children to join a
preschool.
E. A list of tasks for children in a preschool
program.
9. The word 'nurture' in paragraph 5 means ....

A. look after
B. get along with
C. embrace
D. befriend
E. neglect
Why do Bridges Collapse?
(1) Some of the biggest and most expensive

transportation projects in the world have
involved building bridges. Understanding
bridge collapses can lead to major changes in
the design, construction, and safety of future
building projects. The following are main
reasons why bridges fall.
Fire
(2) Historically, more bridges were made of wood
and were much more susceptible to fire. This
was particularly true of old-fashioned train

bridges, where the spark created by the steel
wheels and steel tracks could sometimes cause
a bridge to catch fire and burn to the ground.
During construction
(3) Many bridge accidents occur during the
construction of the bridge itself. The bridge
collapses under its own weight, and this can be
deadly for the workers on it at the time.
Earthquakes
(4) Earthquakes damage all structures, including
bridges. Engineers have learned to design
bridges in earthquake zones in areas that are
much more resistant to movement.
By defect
(5) Some bridge collapses are mysteries, and
engineers only realize why after they conduct a
complete investigation. In other cases, the
bridge was designed only to support a certain
amount of weight and no more.
Boat or train crash
(6) Both of these kinds of accidents are extremely
rare, but boats and trains can cause a bridge to
collapse for different reasons.
10. Which of the following reasons is given as the

cause of a bridge catching fire?
A. the lightning strike
B. the contact between train tracks and train
wheels
C. the extreme heat of a train
D. the friction between the locomotive
machine
E. the use of coal as energy resource

11. Why are bridges considered so important
according to the article?
A. They are important parts of a
transportation network.
B. They cost a lot of money.
C. When they collapse, it becomes a serious
problem.
D. It has a long-standing history.
E. It was invented a long time ago
What is love? It depends

which language you speak
(1) Now, a study of two dozen terms related to

emotion in nearly 2500 languages suggests those
misunderstandings aren’t all in your head. Instead,
emotional concepts like love, shame, and anger
vary in meaning from culture to culture, even
when we translate them into the same words.
People have argued about emotions since the
ancient Greeks. To find out how a concept like
love varies from language to language, Joshua
Conrad Jackson, a Phd on the subject, carried out
a study.
(2) He teamed up with Johann-Mattis List, a

computational linguist at the Max Planck Institute
for the Science of Human History in Jena,
Germany, who manages the Database of Cross-
Linguistic Colexifications. CLICS uses data from
field linguists and anthropologists to catalog
relationships between concepts and the words
that represent them in nearly 3000 languages.
Importantly, CLICS can take words that represent

more than one concept, like “dull” and reveal
other words
that express the same concepts in all languages in

the database. That kind of concept mapping was
just what Jackson was looking for.
(3) Over 2 years, Jackson and List assembled a

team of statisticians, psychologists, and linguists
to analyze the CLICS data in the largest ever study
of its kind. They started with 24 emotional
concepts and used multiple statistical methods to
map how they were related to different words in
2474 languages in 20 language families.
(4) The more words the two concepts had in

common, the closer their relationship. When the
researchers analyzed the networks, they found
that the links between emotional concepts
differed even more than expected across language
families.
(5) At the very least, Jackson hopes his study

offers some insight for language learners. “Just
learning the words isn’t learning the language,” he
says.
12. The passage doesn’t mention the following...

A. Emotional concepts; such as, love, shame
and anger, can be interpreted differently in
a different language.
B. CLICS is a large database of certain
emotional concepts and the words that
represent them.

C. Learning a language is more than learning
the vocabulary.
D. A number of experts in the related fields
joined forces in the largest study ever
conducted.
E. Learning a language should go hand in hand
with learning the culture.
13. One primary function of the second paragraph

is to...
A. explain the researchers involved
B. explain the research methodology
C. describe the findings
D. describe the significance of the study
E. persuade readers to learn beyond
vocabulary
Read the following passage carefully and choose

the best answer.
(1) Meat scientists (many of them,
unsurprisingly, in Texas) have spent whole careers
studying how to produce the tenderest, most
flavorful beef possible. Much of what they’ve
learned holds lessons only for cattle producers
and processors, but a few of their findings can
guide backyard grillmasters in their choice of meat
and details of the grilling process.
(2) The biggest influence on the final flavor of

that steak, though, is how you cook it. Flavorwise,
cooking meat accomplishes two things. First, the
heat of the grill breaks the meat’s fatty acids into
smaller molecules that are more volatile — that is,
more likely to become airborne. These volatiles

are responsible for the steak’s aroma, which
accounts for the majority of its flavor. Molecules
called aldehydes, ketones and alcohols among
that breakdown mix are what we perceive as
distinctively beefy.
(3) The second way that cooking builds flavor

is through browning, a process that chemists call
the Maillard reaction. This is a fantastically
complex process in which amino acids and traces
of sugars in the meat react at high temperatures
to kick off a cascade of chemical changes that
result in many different volatile end products.
Most important of these are molecules called
pyrazines and furans, which contribute the roasty,
nutty flavors that steak aficionados crave. The
longer and hotter the cooking, the deeper into the
Maillard reaction you go and the more of these
desirable end products you get — until eventually,
the meat starts to char, producing undesirable
bitter, burnt flavors.
(4) The challenge for the grill master is to

achieve the ideal level of Maillard products at the
moment the meat reaches the desired degree of
doneness. Here, there are three variables to play
with: temperature, time and the thickness of the
steak.
(5) A meat scientist at Texas A&M University,

Chris Kerth stated that thin steaks cook through
more quickly, so they need a hot grill to generate
enough browning in the short time available.
Kerth and his colleagues have studied this process

in the lab, searing steaks to precise specifications
and feeding the results into a gas chromatograph,
which measures the amount of each volatile
chemical produced.
(6) And to get the best sear on both sides, flip

the meat about a third of the way through the
expected cook time, not halfway — that’s because
as the first side cooks, the contracting muscle
fibers drive water to the uncooked side. After you
flip, this water cools the second side so it takes
longer to brown, Kerth’s team found.
14. What is the best inference from the text

above?
a. A tasty steak can be defined by the size of
the meat as the thin set has less fat than
the thick one.
b. Most of people don't realize yet the
particular chemical reaction in the tasteful
steak grilling process is well-contained.
c. Cooking a delicious steak costs in high
expenses with several specific pieces of
equipment and ingredients.
d. Only a few people can be a steak griller in
processing a very delicating steak with
detailed recipes and technique.
e. Everyone can make a delicious steak as long
as there are costs for the high quality
ingredients.
15. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To put a high concern in becoming a master
of steak griller in career

B. To direct in making a proper steak with
exclusive utensils
C. To present many kinds of steaks and meat
choices that can be used
D. To suggest the proper steak grilling process
with a delicacy servings
E. To produce a very tasteful steak using high
quality imported beef
(1) Stinging trees grow in light-filled gaps in the

rainforest understorey and come in many
different shapes, sizes and species (seven in
Australia). Both Dendrocnide moroides and
Dendrocnide cordifolia are shrubs that grow to
three metres with heart-shaped, serrated-edged,
dark-green leaves that can grow from the size of a
thumbnail to over 50 cm wide. The sting is caused
by stinging hairs that contain toxins and densely
cover the leaves, stems and fruit. The thick
covering of the hairs makes the leaves look as
though they are covered with soft, downy, fur and
may give the impression they are inviting to touch.
(2) Even the slightest touch of a D. moroides leaf

can cause excruciating pain. An intense stinging,
burning pain is felt immediately, then intensifies,
reaching a peak after 20 – 30 minutes. The hairs
can remain in the skin for up to six months, with
stings recurring if the skin is pressed hard or
washed with hot or cold water. Not only do you
feel pain from where you are stung, if it is a really
bad sting, within about 20 minutes your lymph
nodes under your arms swell and throb painfully
and feel like they are being slammed between two

blocks of wood. The intense throbbing pain from
both the sting and from your lymph nodes can last
anywhere from 1-4 hours, depending upon what
species you touched, the amount of skin that was
stung, and how hard you came into contact with
the plant.
(3) The less well-known and very disturbing thing

about stinging trees is they cause intense
sneezing, nose bleeds, and possibly major
respiratory damage, if you stay close to them for
more than about 20 minutes without protection.
The reaction starts with your nose tingling, then
dripping continuously. After a short period, you
start to sneeze – not just mild sneezing but
intense, harsh and continuous bouts of sneezing.
(4) The stinging hair structure is complex and

consists of a tip, shaft and bulb composed of silica,
calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. The tip
of the hair is a small bulb that breaks off on
contact, then the hair penetrates the skin injecting
toxin. The structure and function of Dendrocnide
stinging hairs is similar across five plant families
and is described as similar to a hypodermic
needle. The composition of the toxin is also
complex and still not well understood, including
exactly what components actually cause the
stinging sensation. The toxin is stable and heat
resistant and retains its pain-producing properties
for decades. Dried botanical specimens collected
over 100 years ago can still sting you.

16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the
passage?
A. Stinging hairs’ structure and function is
distinct from a hypodermic needle.
B. The hairs on stinging trees are extremely
harmful.
C. The hairs of stinging trees can cause death
to the victims.
D. The components of toxins in stinging trees’
hairs are still under research.
E. Stinging trees only can be found in Australia
rainforests
17. What is the harm of touching stinging trees?

A. Stinging trees can cause burning pain,
swelling, sneezing, nose bleeds, and major
respiratory damage.
B. Staying close to stinging trees can cause
intense sneezing, nose bleeds, and major
respiratory damage.
C. Stinging trees cause excruciating pain and
intense swelling that can last for quite a
long time.
D. The hairs on stinging trees can cause harsh
skin irritation that leave reddish marks.
E. Stinging trees can cause intense respiratory
damage that weakens the victims
permanently.
18. By writing the passage above, the author tends

to ….
A. persuade the readers not to touch the
stinging trees carelessly

B. ridicule people who got stung by the
stinging trees
C. give information about the harmful effects
of stinging trees
D. entertain readers with the origin story of
stinging trees
E. prevent readers from coming into contact
with stinging trees
19. What does ‘serrated-edged’ in paragraph 1

mean?
A. Having smooth rounded side
B. Having irregular stalk
C. Having wavy margins
D. Having jaggy margins
E. Having a single side
20. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Appropriate precautions are necessary
when in contact with stinging trees.
B. Further research is necessary to figure out
the stinging trees’ origins.
C. When stung by the stinging tree, first aid is
more important than prolonged
medication.
D. A proper medicine for stinging tree’s effects
is still under research and discussion.
E. There are still undiscovered facts about
stinging trees Dendrocnide moroides

LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS
The passage is for the following question.
Despite the fact that parrots are well known
for their long lives and complex cognition, it
remains unknown whether the two traits have
influenced each other. "The problem has been
sourcing good quality data," says Simeon Smeele,
a doctoral student at the Max Planck Institute of
Animal Behavior (MPI-AB). Understanding what
has driven parrot longevity is only possible by
comparing living parrots. "Comparative life-
history studies require large sample sizes to
provide certainty, because many processes are a
play at once and this creates a lot of variation,"
says Smeele.
To generate an adequate sample size,
scientists compiled data from over 130,000
individual parrots. This database allowed the team
to gain the first reliable estimates of average
lifespan of 217 parrot species. The analysis
revealed a diversity in life expectancy, ranging
from an average of two years for the fig parrot up
to an average of 30 years for the scarlet macaw.
Next, the team employed a large-scale
comparative analysis to determine whether or not
parrots' renowned cognitive abilities had any
influence on their longevity. They examined two
hypotheses: First, that having relatively larger
brains enable longer lifespans. Second, that

relatively larger brains take longer to grow, and
therefore require longer lifespans.
These scientists then combined the data
and ran models for each hypothesis. Their results
provide the first support that increased brain size
has enabled longer lifespans in parrots. The
findings suggest that the parrots with relatively
large brains had cognitive capabilities that allowed
them to solve problems in the wild that could
otherwise kill them, and this intelligence enabled
them to live longer lives.
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. (2022). Unravelling the

mystery of parrot longevity: Bigger brains
have led some species of parrot to live
surprisingly long lives, new research shows.
Taken on April 14, 2022 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220329
152826.htm.
21. The relationship between parrot longevity

and their complex brain is difficult to
determine because …
A. There is a shortage of scientists.
B. There is insufficient time for detailed
research.
C. Scientists need to collect data from a
specific parrot species.

D. A high number of living subjects is required
for the research.
E. The research requires the right amount
of data collection.
22. From the first paragraph, it can be

predicted that …
A. We will never know how parrots' complex
cognition affects how long they live.
B. Comparative life-history studies will be
used to study animals other than parrots.
C. The existence of long-lived parrots with
complex cognitions will remain a mystery.
D. Collecting high-quality data will always be
a challenge in comparative life-history
studies.
E. Gaining large sample sizes for comparative
life-history research will become easier in
the future.
23. In relation to paragraph 1, paragraph 2

discusses ....
A. the first step and the result of the study
mentioned in paragraph 1
B. number of samples required to qualify
the data told in paragraph 1
C. data analysis related to the obstacle of
research written in paragraph 1

D. process of collecting the data presented
in paragraph 1
E. an action to address the issue raised in
paragraph 1
24. Which of the following statements is

INCORRECT?
A. Parrots are compared in order to
determine why they live so long.
B. Parrots have a wide range of life
expectancy.
C. Researchers came up with theories about
parrots' brains and their longevity.
D. Large-brained parrots may have longer life
spans
E. Hundreds of thousands of parrots with
different brain sizes are collected by
scientists.
25. Based on the last paragraph, it can be

inferred that …
A. Parrots with larger brains outperform
those with smaller brains.
B. Parrots have intelligence that can make
them live longer than other birds.
C. Parrots' cognitive capabilities may kill
them in the wild.

D. Big-brained parrots have cognitive
capabilities that help them survive in the
wild
E. Further research on parrots' large brain
and their long lives is needed to support
the current finding.
The question is based on the following text.

Rearing insects at home as pets may sound
strange and a bit nerdy, but thousands of people
all over the world have already swapped their
hamsters for praying mantises or stick insects.
These insects, sold at fairs and pet markets, or
collected in the wild and then reared by amateurs
or professionals, are gaining increased popularity
and fueling a largely unknown market. Not all of
them are small, crawling monsters. Some are
elegant, with flower-like coloration (the Orchid
Mantis, Hymenopus coronatus), and some are
funny-looking like Pokémons (the Jeweled Flower
Mantis, Creobroter wahlbergii). Many can be
safely manipulated and cuddled as they look at
you with big, cute kitty-eyes (the Giant Shield
Mantis, Rhombodera basalis).
When choosing a pet insect, "customers"
consider things such as shape, size, colors, and
behaviors. They might also take into account how
rare a certain species is, or how easy it is to look
after. Looking at these preferences, Roberto

Battiston of Museo di Archeologia e Scienze
Naturali G. Zannato (Italy), William di Pietro of the
World Biodiversity Association (Italy) and
entomologist Kris Anderson (USA) published the
first overview of the mantis pet market.
Understanding how this market, still mostly
unregulated, is changing, may be
crucial to the conservation of rare species
and promoting awareness of their habitat and
place in the ecosystem.
A survey among almost 200 hobbyists,
enthusiasts and professional sellers in the mantis
community from 28 different countries showed
that the targets of this market are indeed
predictable. The typical mantis breeder or
enthusiast, the study found, is 19 to 30 years old
and buys mantises mostly out of personal curiosity
or scientific interest. Willing to spend over $30 for
a single individual, most people will prefer
beautiful looking species over rare ones.
Pensoft Publishers. (2022). Are people swapping
their cats and goldfish for praying mantises?
New research sheds light on the pet insect
market and its implications on biodiversity
conservation.
Taken on May 20, 2022 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220
519081106.htm.

26. The author's tone towards the mantis market
is ....
A. informative
B. subjective
C. enthusiastic
D. informal
E. admiring
27. Paragraph 1 implies that …

A. Mantis rearing has become a worldwide
hobby
B. Mantises caught by professionals are sold
in the market.
C. Some types of mantises appear to be
friendly to humans.
D. Mantises are more popular than
hamsters, for they are simpler to keep.
E. Caring for mantises is believed to keep a
person happy and enjoy life more.
28. About keeping mantises as pets, the author

holds the belief that …
A. It arose as a result of the insect market's
existence.
B. The hobby has drawn everyone's
attention.
C. It is more valuable than keeping hamsters
D. The hobby is not commonly practiced.
E. Not everyone supports the hobby

29. Another way to restate ideas in the second
paragraph of the passage is …
A. By understanding mantis enthusiast's
preferences, experts have developed
solutions to the praying mantis market's
impact on habitat conservation
B. Experts gave the first overview of how the
mantis pet market involves enthusiasts'
preferences.
C. By examining mantis enthusiast's
preferences, experts investigated how far
the mantis pet business can implicate
their habitat.
D. By looking at mantis enthusiast's
preference, experts studied how mantis
pet market implicates habitat
conservation.
E. Experts analyzed how long it will take until
the mantis pet market has an impact on
their habitat conservation.
30. The passage can be summarized as …

A. Praying mantis is the number one
preferred animal over hamsters. Keeping
mantises as pets have become
increasingly popular, fueling an unknown
market. An outline of the market for

mantis has been created by certain
experts.
B. Mantises are gaining increased popularity
and fueling a largely unknown market.
Some experts have produced an overview
of the mantis market.
C. Mantises are more popular than hamsters
all over the world for several reasons,
including shape, size, color, and rarity.
Some experts have created a market
analysis of the mantis
D. The average mantis breeder or enthusiast
is between the ages of 19 and 30 and buys
mantises for personal or scientific reasons.
The majority of people will favor attractive
species over rare ones.
E. Mantises are becoming more popular,
stimulating a largely unknown market. An
overview of the mantis market has been
made by certain insect enthusiasts.
The question is based on the following passage.

A growing number of Native American
households in Nevada have no access to indoor
plumbing, a condition known as "plumbing
poverty," according to a new study by a team
from Desert Research Institute (DRI) and the
Guinn Center for Policy Priorities. The study
assesses trends and challenges associated with

water security (reliable access to a sufficient
quantity of safe, clean water) in Native American
households and communities of Nevada and also
found a concerning increase in the number of Safe
Drinking Water Act violations during the last 15
years.
Native American communities in the
Western U.S., including Nevada, are particularly
vulnerable to water security challenges. This is
because of factors including population growth,
climate change, drought, and water rights. In rural
areas, aging or absent water infrastructure creates
additional challenges.
In this study, the research team used U.S.
Census microdata on household plumbing
characteristics to learn about the access of Native
American community members to "complete
plumbing facilities," including piped water (hot
and cold), a flush toilet, and a bathtub or shower.
They also used water quality reports from the
Environmental Protection Agency to learn about
drinking water sources and health violations.
According to their results, during the 30-year time
period from 1990–2019, an average of
0.67 percent of Native American
households in Nevada lacked complete indoor
plumbing—higher than the national average of 0.4
percent. Their findings show a consistent increase
in the lack of access to plumbing over the last few

decades, with more than 20,000 people affected
in 2019.
"Previous studies have found that Native
American households are more likely to lack
complete indoor plumbing than other households
in the U.S., and our results show a similar trend
here in Nevada," said lead author Erick Bandala,
Ph.D., assistant research professor of
environmental science at DRI. "This can create the
quality of life problems, for example, during the
COVID-19 pandemic, when lack of indoor
plumbing could have prevented basic health
measures like hand-washing."
Study findings also showed a significant
increase in the number of Safe Drinking Water Act
violations in water facilities serving Native
American Communities in Nevada from 2005 to
2020. The most common health-based violations
included the presence of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), presence of coliform bacteria,
and presence of inorganic chemicals.
"Water accessibility, reliability, and quality
are major challenges for Native American
communities in Nevada and throughout the
Southwest," said coauthor Maureen McCarthy,
Ph.D., research professor of environmental
science and director of the Native Climate project
at DRI.

The study authors hope that their findings
are useful to decision-makers and members of the
general public who may not be aware that
plumbing poverty and water quality are significant
problems in Nevada.
Desert Research Institute. (2022). Growing
numbers of Native American households in
Nevada face plumbing poverty, water quality
problems. Taken on September 21, 2022 from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022
/09/220907133213.ht m.
31. What is the main idea of the text?

A. Water problems for the Native American
communities in Nevada.
B. Increasing number of violations to Safe
Drinking Water Act in Nevada.
C. How to improve water security for Native
American communities in Nevada.
D. Reasons why Native American in Nevada
are vulnerable to water security problems.
E. The effect of limited quantity of indoor
plumbing in Native American households
in Nevada.
32. Who is the target reader of the text?

A. Desert Research Institute
B. Decision makers in Nevada
C. Native American in the U.S

D. Native American in Nevada
E. Native American community members
33. According to paragraph 1, what condition can

be called poverty plumbing?
A. When the households do not have
plumbing inside the house.
B. There is reliable access to a sufficient
quantity of safe and clean water.
C. There are many violations toward Safe
Drinking Water Act in the household.
D. There are increasing number of
households having no access to the
plumbing system.
E. When the Native Americans have to go
outside their house to access the
plumbingm system.
34. According to paragraph 2, which of the

following statements is correct?
A. Population growth in Nevada makes water
consumption increase.
B. Native American communities have
overcome their water security.
C. Water security is a major problem for
Americans living in the western U.S.

D. Climate change is the main factor causing
vulnerability to water security problems.
E. Extra challenges of water problems in rural
areas are caused by their limited water
infrastructure.
35. "In rural areas, aging or absent water

infrastructure creates additional challenges."
(Paragraph 2).
The word aging in the sentence has a similar
meaning to ….
A. ancient
B. deteriorate
C. develop
D. mature
E. ripen
36. According to paragraph 3, the following

statements are correct, EXCEPT …
A. More than thousand of people affected
because of the lack of access to the
plumbing system in 2019.
B. Native American households in Nevada
lacking access to plumbing have increased
over the last decades.
C. A flush toilet is one of the parameters to
measure the access to complete plumbing
facilities in households.

D. The U.S. average of households lacking
complete indoor plumbing is higher than
the average of Native American
households in Nevada.
E. Data from the Environmental Protection
Agency is used to get information about
drinking water quality, sources, and
violations in Nevada.
37. Which of these statements is correct

according to paragraph 4?
A. Indoor plumbing helps to provide basic
health measures in households.
B. Many Native American households in
Nevada have complete indoor plumbing.
C. There is no shower, bathtub, and flush
toilet inside Native American households.
D. Basic health measures could have been
prevented with a complete indoor
plumbing.
E. During the pandemic, Native American
households in Nevada get basic health
measures easily.
38. "This can create the quality of life problems,

for example, during the COVID-19 pandemic,
when lack of indoor plumbing could have
prevented basic health measures like hand-
washing." (Paragraph 4)

The word this in the sentence refers to ….
A. Covid-19 pandemic
B. Native American households
C. Lack of complete indoor plumbing
condition
D. The studies about the access to indoor
plumbing
E. Households who have access to indoor
plumbing
39. According to paragraph 5, if someone

dumped inorganic chemicals into water
facilities serving Native American
Communities in Nevada, then it means ….
A. there will be bacterias in the water
B. violation to Safe Drinking Water Act
C. water quality will increase significantly
D. Native American Communities will get
compensation for it
E. water facilities will not serving Native
American Communities anymore
40. What will happen if there is no access to

indoor plumbing in the households?
A. Water quality will deteriorate
B. Level of sanitation will decline
C. Plumbing poverty problems will be
resolved

D. There will be violations to Safe Drinking
Water Act
E. Vulnerability to water security problems
will decrease
The question no 41 – 45 are based on the

following texts.
TEXT 1
A new MRI study revealed that consumption of
alcohol even in low to moderate amounts during
pregnancy can change the baby's brain structure
and delay brain development. "Fetal MRI is a
highly specialized and safe examination method
that allows us to make accurate statements about
brain maturation prenatally," said study senior
author Gregor Kasprian, M.D. Babies born with
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders could develop
learning disabilities, behavioral problems, or
speech and language delays.
For the study, researchers analyzed MRI exams
of 24 fetuses with prenatal alcohol exposure. The
fetuses were between 22 and 36 weeks of
gestation at the time of MRI. In fetuses with
alcohol exposure, the fetal total maturation score
(fTMS) was significantly lower than in the age-
matched controls, and the right superior temporal
sulcus (STS) was shallower. The STS is involved in
social cognition, audiovisual integration, and

language perception. "We found the greatest
changes in the temporal brain region and STS," Dr.
Kasprian said.
According to Patric Kienast, M.D., a Ph.D
student, alcohol consumption should strictly be
avoided by pregnant women. "As we show in our
study, even low levels of alcohol consumption can
lead to structural changes in brain development
and delayed brain maturation." It is unclear how
these structural changes will affect brain
development in these babies after birth. "To
assess this accurately, we need to wait for the
children who were examined as fetuses at that
time to get a little older, so that we can invite
them back for further examinations," Dr. Kienast
said. "However, we can strongly assume that the
changes we discovered contribute to the cognitive
and behavioral difficulties that may occur during
childhood.”
Stuempflen, M. et al. (2022). Drinking During Pregnancy
Changes Baby's Brain Structure. Taken on November
29, 2022 from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/11/2211
22111554.htm.
TEXT 2
New research finds caffeine consumed during
pregnancy can change important brain pathways
that could lead to behavioral problems later in life.
Researchers in the Del Monte Institute for
Neuroscience at the University of Rochester
Medical Center (URMC) analyzed thousands of
brain scans of nine and ten-year-olds, and

revealed changes in the brain structure in children
who were exposed to caffeine in utero. "These are
sort of small effects and it's not causing
horrendous psychiatric conditions, but it is causing
minimal but noticeable behavioral issues that
should make us consider long-term effects of
caffeine intake during pregnancy," said John Foxe,
Ph.D. "I suppose the outcome of this study will be
a recommendation that any caffeine during
pregnancy is probably not such a good idea."
Elevated behavioral issues, attention
difficulties, and hyperactivity are all symptoms
that researchers observed in these children.
"What makes this unique is that we have a
biological pathway that looks different when you
consume caffeine through pregnancy," said
Zachary Christensen, a M.D/Ph.D. "Previous
studies have shown that children perform
differently on IQ tests, or they have different
psychopathology, but that could also be related to
demographics, so it's hard to parse that out until
you have something like a biomarker. This gives us
a place to start future research to try to learn
exactly when the change is occurring in the brain."
The researchers point out that it is unclear if
the impact of the caffeine on the fetal brain varies
from one trimester to the next, or when during
gestation these structural changes occur. "Current
clinical guidelines already suggest limiting caffeine
intake during pregnancy, no more than two
normal cups of coffee a day," Christensen said. "In
the long term, we hope to develop better

guidance for mothers, but in the meantime, they
should ask their doctor as concerns arise.”
Christensen, Z.P. et al. (2021). Brain Changed by
Caffeine in Utero. Taken on November 29, 2022 from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/02/210
208125335.htm.
41. What is the correlation between text 1 and

text 2?
A. Both texts discuss harmful activities to
avoid during pregnancy.
B. Text 2 explains how caffeine and alcohol
intake mentioned in text 1 can affect
fetuses. C. Both texts review studies of
the effect of alcohol consumption during
pregnancy.
D. Text 1 and 2 talk about a study of brain
disorders caused by alcohol and caffeine
consumption during pregnancy.
E. Text 2 discusses the research findings
regarding the effect of caffeine
consumption on pregnant women
mentioned in text 1.
42. The synonym of the bold word occur in the

last paragraph of text 2 is ....
A. Observe
B. Enlarge
C. Eventuate
D. Construe
E. instruct

43. Both texts are written with the same writer’s
tone, what is it?
A. Critical
B. Informative
C. Optimistic
D. Enthusiastic
E. Cautionary
44. What does Dr. Kienast imply about

consuming alcohol?
A. Alcohol consumption is damaging for
pregnant women.
B. It could be harmful to consume alcohol
during pregnancy if it is in large amounts.
C. The disadvantages of alcohol consumption
are still under investigation.
D. Pregnant women can consume alcohol but
in small amounts.
E. Alcohol should be consumed by pregnant
women once in a while.
45. "The researchers point out that it is unclear if

the impact of the caffeine on the fetal brain
varies from one trimester to the next, or
when during gestation these structural
changes occur." (Last paragraph of Text 2)
The idea in the sentence is best restated as ...
A. It is obvious that the impact of caffeine on
the fetal brain diversifies from one
trimester to the next or these structural
reforms emerge during gestation.

B. The researcher cannot be sure whether
the impact of caffeine on the fetal brain
occurs from one trimester to the next or
when gestation arises.
C. Researchers are sure the impact of
caffeine differs from one trimester to the
next and the structural changes happen
during pregnancy.
D. The analysts identify the certainty of
impact of caffeine on the fetal brain
differs from one trimester to the next or
the structural changes develop during
gestation.
E. The impact of caffeine on the fetal brain is
uncertain, whether it is varied from one
trimester to the next or whether these
structural reforms depend on the stage of
pregnancy.

following thread.
nicholas_team02 [THREAD STARTER] - posted on

07 December 2020 09.01
Hello everyone!
My friend told me that as a parent, he actively
took a part in his child's career. Therefore, I want
to know, what is your take on parents'
"intervention" in their children's career path? I
think that children have the right to choose what
they want and what they do not want, it applies to
their future job too. Regardless, they cannot
ignore their parents' opinions about it. Parents

and their children should discuss without forcing
each other's opinions. yuma.won04 - posted on
07 December 2020 09.12
Although children have their own dreams, they
have no capability to choose their careers. In
contrast, parents know their children and are
experienced in this case so they should be able to
guide their kids. However, parents should not
enforce their irrational reason for their children to
choose, rather they should supervise their
children to open options, the interest, the
strength and weaknesses, the ability, and
willingness of the children.
niki1209 - posted on 07 December 2020 09.22
I know the feeling of how your parents forced you
to do something you were never passionate about
as a profession. The most essential thing is their
interest, so the children should choose their
careers. Parents' concern for their children's
position in society may come in the way, but
children have their own aspirations. Therefore,
parents should free their children to select their
careers and give them their support.
jay002 - posted on 07 December 2020 09.50
Children at their age have the inability to decide
on their careers. The parents should advise them
thoroughly. The children's academic and non-
academic activities should be observed by the
parents as they show the children's potential.
From the observation, the parents are able to
decide the career line of their children.
sungene - posted on 07 December 2020 10.04
I have my dream job at a big corporation in my 20s
and I can tell you that it did not come easily. I had

to work my body off to be where I am today.
Success does not come to you as simply as you
dream it, people.
46. Who does have a positive opinion about
children choosing their own careers?
A. nicholas_team02 and sungene
B. yuma.won04, niki1209, and jay002
C. sungene and yuma.won04
D. niki1209 and nicholas_team02
E. jay002 and niki1209
47. The irrelevant opinion from the discussion
above is ....
A. nicholas_team02’s opinion
B. yuma.won04‘s opinion
C. niki1209’s opinion
D. jay002’s opinion
E. sungene’s opinion
48. Why did nicholas.team04 decide to start the

thread?
A. He wanted to know others' opinions about
parent intervention in their children’s
careers.
B. He once had an experience in which his
parents meddled in his career path.
C. He just happened to think about parent
intervention in their children’s careers.
D. He has no specific reason to ask for
others' opinions about parents intruding
on his children’s career selection.
E. He is now experiencing his parents
meddling in his career selection and does
not know what to do.

49. Besides nicholas_team02, who does have
experience in parent intervention in
children’s careers?
A. sungene and jay002
B. niki1209
C. niki1209 and yuma.won04
D. yuma.won04
E. sungene
50. The discussion would be practical for ....

A. in-school teacher
B. job seeker
C. parents and their children
D. job employer
E. employee

following text.
Won-pyung Sohn’s first book titled Almond

tells the story of a boy who has been diagnosed
with alexithymia, Soon Yunjae. Alexithymia is a
condition of emotional absence restraining the
capability to sense and undergo feelings that
normal people perceive.
The title itself refers to Soon Yunjae’s brain
tonsils which are the size of an almond. This is the
reason why the young man cannot express
emotional feelings. To tackle the given situation,
Yunjae’s mother and grandmother help him learn
to communicate in order for him to survive this

judgemental world. Social rules and good behavior
principles are taught to him by both his mother
and grandmother. Yunjae has the routine of
memorizing, rehearsing, and faking every feeling
that most people learn by mere instinct. He also
has to fake his own mood and learn how to
pretend empathy for his peers.
Almond possesses an afflictive novel of how
essential to express emotions and the urge of
living with more empathy and compassion. Sohn
engages the readers with heart-wrenching
questions and perceptive comments to be
conscious about alexithymia. She also opens our
eyes to how social prejudices should be
dismantled. The novel is labeled the Young Adult
genre, but it could be for everyone. Agile and
amusing, that’s how the author’s game pen could
be described. Won-pyung Sohn has her own
keenness to shake and conquer the reader.
Almond is exceptional and has one of those
worth-rereading materials.
R. Alvarado, C. (2022). Book review: Almond by Won-pyung
Sohn. Taken on December 7, 2022 from
https://globalcomment.com/book-review-almond-by-
won-pyung-sohn/.
51. The writer wants to tell us about ....

A. the new book by her favorite author
B. the story of a young man named Soon
Yunjae
C. how Won-pyung Sohn writes her first
book
D. her opinion of a novel, Almond
E. raising awareness about Alexithymia

52. Which of the following statements is a fact
from the author?
A. Agile and amusing, that’s how the author’s
game pen could be described.
B. Almond is exceptional and has one of
those worth-rereading materials.
C. The novel is labeled the Young Adult
genre, but it could be for everyone.
D. The title itself refers to Soon Yunjae’s
brain tonsils which are the size of an
almond.
E. Almond possesses an afflictive novel of
how essential to express emotions.
53. Which of the following statements shows the
writer’s positive opinion about the book?
A. Social rules and good behavior principles
are taught to him by both his mother and
grandmother.
B. The title itself refers to Soon Yunjae’s
brain tonsils which are the size of an
almond.
C. Yunjae has the routine of memorizing,
rehearsing, and faking every feeling that
most people learn by mere instinct.
D. Yunjae’s mother and grandmother help
him learn to communicate in order for him
to survive this judgemental world.
E. Almond is exceptional and has one of
those worth-rereading materials.
54. The word sense in paragraph 1 is

synonymous with ....
A. Nurture

B. Detect
C. Proceed
D. Compose
E. retain
55. Based on how the writer sees Almond, we

can predict she probably ....
A. does not like Almond.
B. is a fan of Won-pyung Sohn
C. would recommend the book to others
D. would not read the book again
E. knows Almond writer personally
The passage no 56 – 60 are for the following

question.
As cats age, we generally see changes in their

behavior. The wild and crazy playful activities we
associate with kittens give way to adult cats
sleeping in the sun and prowling around the
house. We commonly presume senior cats will
take even longer naps in the sun or on our beds. It
is important, however, to differentiate normal
feline behaviors from abnormal ones, as some
behavior changes in aging cats arise from pain and
are not normal. Cats are very good at hiding signs
of pain, so cat owners need to be very observant
to recognize when their cat needs help.
One of the most common pain-associated
behavior changes we see in aging cats is a
decrease in grooming and self-care. Cats are, by
nature, extremely finicky about keeping

themselves clean. Watch any conscious cat for
longer than a few minutes, and you are likely to
see her cleaning some part of her body.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common
chronically painful ailments in cats, affecting more
than 90% of cats 10 years of age and older. Spinal
arthritis makes it uncomfortable to twist and turn,
so grooming the body, especially the hind end,
becomes difficult. OA in the lower spine and hips
can make the area over the pelvis and upper rear
legs tender. When grooming the lower back,
pelvis, and rear legs becomes painful, the cat
simply stops taking care of her coat. Areas of her
body that are not groomed become matted, and
she may develop an overall unkempt appearance.
When we try to help them out by using a comb or
brush, they tend to ob ject.
If you notice your cat developing matted hair
or flaky skin, make an appointment with your
veterinarian, as this can be an important signal of
pain. If your cat has trouble grooming even after
its pain is well managed, consider having a
groomer give her a 'lion cut' to make the body hair
short and easy to keep clean.
Llera, R. & Williams, K. & Downing, R. (n.d.). How to
Recognize Pain in Aging Cats. Taken on October 18, 2022
from https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/behavior-
changes-and-pain-in-aging-cats.
56. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To help cat owners groom their old cats

B. To make cat owners aware of
osteoarthritis in cats
C. To give elderly cat owners tips to reduce
pain in their cats
D. To make old cat owners notice signals of
pain in their cats
E. To tell senior cat owners to seek medical
help for their cats
57. Which of the following statements about cat

behavior in paragraph 1 is correct?
A. Cats behave according to their age.
B. Kittens are active because they are
strong.
C. Cats' behavior will not change unless
they are ill.
D. Age is the main factor that affects a
cat’s behavior.
E. An adult cat's behavior is mainly
determined by its health.
58. When a cat stops grooming itself, it can be a

signal that the cat ....
A. has been in pain
B. cannot endure pain
C. is in excruciating pain
D. is hiding pain from humans
E. feels that the pain is worsening
59. Regarding osteoarthritis, the author mentions

that ...
A. Nine out of ten old cats suffer from
osteoarthritis.
B. It is a condition that affects nearly all

elderly cats.
C. Young cats are unlikely to develop it.
D. Spinal arthritis prevents a cat from and
turning.
E. Cats suffering from osteoarthritis dislike
being touched.
60. A solution for cats having difficulty cleaning

themselves up is mentioned in paragraph ....
A. 1
B. 3
C. 4
D. 1 and 2
E. 2 and 4
Text 1
The peregrine falcon, a predatory bird indigenous
to North America, was once in danger of
extinction. In the 1960’s, scientists discovered by
products of the pesticide DDT in the birds’ eggs,
which caused them to be too soft to survive. The
use of the pesticide had been banned in the United
States, but the falcons were eating migratory birds
from other places where DDT was still used. In order
to increase the survival rate, scientist were raising the
birds in laboratories and then releasing them into
mountainous areas. This practice achieved only
moderate success, however, because many of the
birds raised in captivity could not survive in the
wild. There is now, however, a new alternative to
release in the wild. A falcon that has been given the
nameScarlett chose to make her home on a ledgeof
the 33rd floor of a Baltimore, Maryland, office
building rather than in the wild, and, to the surprise of
the scientist, she has managed to live quite well in
the city. Following this example, programs have

been initiated that release birds like Scarlett into
cities rather than into their natural wild habitat.
These urban releases are becoming a common way
to strengthen the species. Urban homes have several
benefits for the birds that wild spot do not. First,
there is an abundance of pigeon and small birds as
food sources.The peregrine in the city is also
protected from its main predator, the great horned
owl. Urban release programs have been very
successful in reestablishing the peregrine falcons
along the East Coast. Though they are still an
endangered species,their numbers increased from
about 60 nesting pairs in 1975 to about 700 pairsin
1992. In another decade the species may flourish
again,this time without human help.
61. What is the topic of the text above?

A. Peregrine falcon
B. Scarlett falcon
C. Falcon’s survival
D. Birds
E. Birds extinction
62. Which of the following is true accordingto text?

A. Falcon’s nests are decreasing due tohuman’s help.
B. Scarlett makes her home in Baltimore,on a ledge of
the 23rd floor.
C. The peregrine falcon contains
pesticide DDT in United States.
D. Falcons are the food source ofpigeons.
E. Scientist made a nest for peregrinefalcon
inlaboratory
63. Theword “ledge” in“ to make her home ona ledge of…”
refers to…
A. Window D. Shelf
B. Wall E. Pane
C. Terrace

64. The main purpose of the writer is toinform the
readers about…
A. The population falcon in the UnitedStates
B. How peregrine survive in the wildhabitat
C. The life of Peregrine and Scarlett
D. The effort of scientists to preservefalcon
E. How human help animals in their wildlife
65. Which of the following is not the food offalcon?

A. Chick D. Rodent
B. Pigeon E. Seed
C. Bat
Text 2
Sequoyah was a young Cherokee Indian, son of
a white trader and an Indian squaw. At an
early age, he became fascinated by“the talking
leaf,” an expression that he used to describe
the white man’s written records. Although
many believed this“talking leaf” tobe a gift from
the Great Spirit, Seqouyah refused to accept that
theory. Like other Indian sof the period,he was
illiterate, but his determination to remedy the
situation led to the invention of a unique 86-
character alphabet based on the sound patterns
that he heard.
His family and friend thought him mad, but
while recuperating from a hunting accident, he
diligently and independently set out to create a
form of communication for his own people as well
as for other Indians. In 1821, after twelve years of
work,he had successfully developed a written
language that would enable thousands of
Indians to read and write. Sequoyah’s desire to
preserve words and events for later
generations has caused him to be

remembered among the important
inventors. The giant redwood trees of
California, called “sequoias” in his honor, will
further imprint his name in history.
66. What is the most important reason that

Sequoyah will be remembered?
A. California redwoods were named in his
honor
B. He wasilliterate
C. He created a unique alphabet
D. He recovered from his madness and helped
mankind
E. He recuperated from a huntingaccident
67. How would you describe Sequoyah?
A. Determined
B. Mad
C. Backwards
D. Meek
E. Laborious
68. Which of the following is not true based on the
text?
A. Sequoyah rejected to accept the theory of
hisability
B. Sequoyah was a very observantyoung

man.
C. Sequoyah spent twelve years developing
his alphabet.
D. Sequoyah was honored by having some
trees named after him
E. Sequoyah developed a form of writing
with help of the Cherokeetribe.
69. The word illiterate can be best replacedby…

A. Fierce
B. Poor

C. Unable to read or write
D. Abandoned
E. Unintelligent
70. What prompted Sequoyah to develop his alphabet?

A. People were writing things abouthim that he
couldn’t read.
B. He wanted to become famous.
C. After his hunting accident, heneeded
something to keep him busy.
D. He wanted the history of his peoplepreserved
for future generations.
E. He wanted to share his gift given bythe Great
Spirit.
Text 3
Hot boning is an energy saving technique for the
meat processing industry. It has received considerable
attention in recent years when increased pressure
for energy conservation has accentuated the need
for more efficient methods of processing the
bovine carcass. Cooling of an entire carcass
requires a considerable amount of refrigerated
space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along
with the muscle. It is also necessary to space the
carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for
better air movement and prevention of microbial
contamination, thus adding to the volume
requirements for carcass chillers.
Conventional handling of meat involves holding
the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before
boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also
associated with a loss of carcass weight ranging
from 2% to 4% due to evaporation of moisture from
the meat tissue. Early excision, or hot boning, of
muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging
has several potential advantages. By removing only

the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration
space and costs are minimized, boning labor is
decreased and storage yields increased. Because hot
boning often results in toughening of meat, a more
recent approach, hot boning following electrical
stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary
time of rigor mortis. Some researchers have found this
method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while
others have found that the meat also becomes
tough after electrical stimulation.
71. Which of the following was not mentioned as a

drawback of the conventional methods of
boning?
A. Storage space requirements
B. Toughness of meat
C. Energy waste
D. Loss of carcass weight
E. Hold the beef for long time
72. Early excision means most nearly…

A. Vacuum packaging
B. Carcass chilling
C. Electrical stimulation
D. Conventional handling
E. Hot boning
73. Hot boning is becoming very popular because…

A. It causes meat to be very tender
B. It helps conserve energy and is less
expensive than conventional
methods
C. Meat tastes better when the bone
is adequately seared along with the
meat
D. It reduces the weight of the carcass
E. It needs much labor to do hot boning

74. The toughening of meat during hotboning has been combated
by …
A. Following hot boning with
electricalstimulation
B. Tenderizing themeat
C. Using electrical stimulation
beforehot boning
D. Removing only the edible
muscleand fat prerigor
E. Reducing the necessary time
of rigormortis
75. What does Carcass chiller means?
A. A refrigerator for the animal body
B. A method of boning meat
C. Electrical stimulation of beef
D. Early excision
E. A tender meat
Text 4
In the 1930s, Chester F. Carlson was working
in the patents department of a large electronics firm
in New York City. One of the major problems in his
work was the length of time and expense involved in
getting patents copied, patents were lengthy legal
documents, and the only ways to get them copied
were to take them to a typist or to take them to a
photographer.
Either way of copying patents took a lot of
time and cost a lot of money. He came up with the
idea for a machine that would copy documents
quickly and efficiently. He researched the idea in
the library and then worked over a three-year
period on developing a machine that used a light,
an electro statically charged plate, and powder to
duplicate images on paper. The result of this work
was a machine that produced the first xerographic

copy on October 22, 1938. He named the process
“Xerox”, which means “dry writing”. Carlson felt
that he had a good idea, one that would be
extremely helpful in the business world. He tried to
sell his ideato a number of large corporations, but
they were not terribly interested in his machine. A
few years later he sold the process to a small family-
owned company. This small company grew into the
giant Xerox Corporation, andboth Carlson and Xerox
became rather wealthyin the process.
76. The text is mainly about ....

A. the life of Chester F. Carlson
B. Carlson’s career in a patents office
C. the development of the Xeroxmachine
D. how the Xerox machine becamepopular
E. the effect of the invention of theXerox
machine
77. To get an idea what machine to produce,Carlson went

to ....
A. an electronics firm
B. the library
C. a man called Xerox
D. photographers
E. other patents departments
78. Carlson was thinking of a better way tocopy
patents because ....
A. he found many problems in his office
B. typists could never meet deadlines
C. he worked in a small electronics firm
D. producing copies was quiteexpensive
E. he liked working on experiments
Text 5
Measles, a childhood disease, has caused suffering
to mankind for thousands of years. However, the

search for an effective measles vaccine lasted
two hundred years and has finally ended in
success. Now, for the first time, measles is a
preventable disease. You may ask, ”How is this
important to children?”
Every year measles kills twice as many
Americans as polio does. More children die
from measles than from any other common
childhood disease. Also complications of some
degree occur in about one child out of six. Most
complication include pneumonia and ear
disorders. Another after-effect of measles- brain
damage – is less common, but it can have such
serious consequence that it deserves special
attention.
Brain damage due to measles sounds like
something far away from our experience. In
reality, it is not. Like other injury, damage to the
brain can be very slight or very severe. It is quite
possible that we have never seen or heard a
child who has severe brain damage – the child
would either have died or would be in an
institution. However, in medical research a relation
has been found between measles and such
things as behaviour problems, personality
changes and dulling of metal ability. For
example, a child may be bad- tempered or a
little slow to learn after he has recovered from
measles.
79. The main information of the text is that ....

A. measles has been a disease forthousands
of years.
B. after 200 years of research, aneffective
measles vaccine was found.
C. measles is a serious disease greatlyneglected in
the pas. t
D. a lot of research was done on the

complications of measles.
E. Measles may have bad effects onchildren
who get the disease.
80. Which of the following is NOT an aftereffect of
measles?
A. Polio
B. Personality changes
C. Slow learning
D. Ear disorders
E. Pneumonia

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(1) One theory suggests that standing on one leg

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2. The passage is primarily concerned with which

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(1) The virus that causes COVID-19 has been found

(2) The study, which appears on the pre-print

(3) Sawant told Newsweek that previous reports

(4) He said that having access to post-mortem

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3. The author of this passage is primarily

4. According to the passage, which is NOT STATED

Read the text below and choose the correct

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(2) “Child care provides preschool, but

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(3) Many preschools offer excellent

(4) Many preschools ask that children have a

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5. The first paragraph tells that ...

6. According to the text, how does child care

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7. What did the experts say about the right time

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9. The word 'nurture' in paragraph 5 means ....

Why do Bridges Collapse?

(1) Some of the biggest and most expensive

11 | LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

10. Which of the following reasons is given as the

12 | LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

What is love? It depends

(1) Now, a study of two dozen terms related to

(2) He teamed up with Johann-Mattis List, a

13 | LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

that express the same concepts in all languages in

(3) Over 2 years, Jackson and List assembled a

(4) The more words the two concepts had in

(5) At the very least, Jackson hopes his study

12. The passage doesn’t mention the following...

14 | LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

13. One primary function of the second paragraph

Read the following passage carefully and choose

(2) The biggest influence on the final flavor of

15 | LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

(3) The second way that cooking builds flavor

(4) The challenge for the grill master is to

(5) A meat scientist at Texas A&M University,

16 | LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

(6) And to get the best sear on both sides, flip

14. What is the best inference from the text

15. What is the purpose of the text?

17 | LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

(1) Stinging trees grow in light-filled gaps in the

(2) Even the slightest touch of a D. moroides leaf

18 | LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

(3) The less well-known and very disturbing thing

(4) The stinging hair structure is complex and

19 | LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

17. What is the harm of touching stinging trees?

18. By writing the passage above, the author tends