FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS

Dr. Indri Seta Septadina, M.

Kes
Departemen Anatomi
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Sriwijaya
2012
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Describe the gross and

microanatomy of the
reproductive systems, with the
detailed functions of the
systems.
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Organs of the Female Reproductive System

(Fig. 337A)
A. Ovarium
B. Tuba uterina Genitalia Internae
C. Uterus
D. Vagina
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E. Vulva
F. Perineum Genitalia externae
G. Gld. mammae
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INTRODUCTION

Organ kelamin luar wanita

memiliki 2 fungsi :
Jalan masuksperma ke dalam
tubuh wanita
Pelindung organ kelamin dalam
dari organisme penyebab infeksi.

Saluran kelamin wanita memiliki

lubang yang berhubungan dengan
dunia luar, sehingga
mikroorganisme penyebab
penyakit bisa masuk dan
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GENITALIA EXTERNAE
The vulva refers to Individual
those parts that are
outwardly visible differences in:
Size
The vulva includes: Coloration
Mons pubis
Labia majora Shape
Labia minora
Clitoris
Urethral opening
Vaginal opening
Perineum
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MONS PUBIS
Jaringan lemak dibawah
kulit yg berbentuk
seperti gunung segitiga
Melindungi symphysis
pubis
Pengaruh hormon saat
pubertas menyebabkan
tumbuh rambut
Variasi dalam jumlah,
warna, ketebalan dan
konsistensi
(kasar/halus)
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LABIA MAJORA
sama denganskrotum pada pria
Jaringan kulit yg terdiri dari kelenjar
keringat dan kelenjarsebasea (penghasil
minyak) + rambut
setelah puber, labium mayor akan
ditumbuhi rambut.Referred to as the outer
lips
Melindungi introitus vagina dan meatus
urethrae
Cenderung melunak semakin ber++usia
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LABIA MINORA
Referred to as the inner lips
Terdiri dari jaringan erectile, jar.ikat yg
akan berubah warna dan menebal saat
rangsangan seksual
Terletak di sebelah dalam labia mayora
Lebih sensitif dan responsif saat disentuh
jk dibandingkan dgn labia majora
Labia minora tightens during intercourse
Karena kaya akan pembuluh darah, maka
labium minora dan vagina tampak
berwarna pink.
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CLITORIS
Labium minora kiri dan kanan bertemu di depan
dan membentukklitoris, yang merupakan
penonjolan kecil yang sangat peka (sama
denganpenis pada pria).
Klitoris dibungkus oleh sebuah lipatan kulit
yang disebutpreputium (sama dengan kulit
depan pada ujung penis pria).
Klitoris sangat sensitif terhadap rangsangan
dan bisa mengalamiereksi.
Terdiri dari banyak jaringan syaraf, pembuluh
darah dan jaringan erektil
Key to sexual pleasure for most women
Urethral opening is located directly below
clitoris
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FEMALE
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VAGINAL OPENING
INTROITUS VAGINAE
Lubang masuk vagina yang dilapisi oleh
lapisan tipis disebut hymen
Keberadaan hymen digunakan untuk
menentukan virginity
Beberapa wanita lahir tanpa hymen
Hymen dapat robek oleh beberapa sebab
selain aktifitas seksual
Kekuatan himen pada setiap wanita
bervariasi, karena itu pada saat pertama
kali melakukan hubungan seksual, himen
bisa robek atau bisa juga tidak.
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PERINEUM
Jaringanfibromuskuler diantara vagina
dananus.
Kulit yang membungkus perineum dan
labium mayo sama dengan kulit di bagian
tubuh lainnya
Melindungi bagian bawah dari organ
urinarius dan tractus digestivus
Terdiri dari banyak jaringan syaraf tepi
sensitif bila tersentuh
Lokasi episiotomy saat proses melahirkan
untuk memperlebar jalan lahir
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INTERNAL GENITALIA
The internal genitalia consists of
the:
Vagina
Cervix
Uterus
Fallopian Tubes
Ovaries
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VAGINA
Thin-walled tube that connects the cervix to the
external genitals
It is located between the bladder and rectum

It functions :
As a passageway for the menstrual flow for
uterine secretions to pass down through the
introitus
As the birth canal during labor
Organ of copulation (With the help of two
Bartholins glands becomes lubricated during
sexual intercourse)
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VAGINA
Wall consists of three coats:
fibroelastic adventitia, smooth
muscle muscularis, and a stratified
squamous mucosa
Mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an
incomplete partition called the hymen
Vaginal fornix upper end of the vagina
surrounding the cervix
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CERVIX
The cervix connects the uterus to the
vagina
The cervical opening to the vagina is
small (this acts as a safety precaution
against foreign bodies entering the
uterus)
During childbirth, the cervix dilates to
accommodate the passage of the fetus
This dilation is a sign that labor has
begun
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UTERUS
Commonly referred to as the womb
A pear shaped organ about the size of a
clenched fist
It is made up of the endometrium,
myometrium and perimetrium
Consists of blood-enriched tissue that
sloughs off each month during menstrual
cycle
The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to
accommodate a growing fetus and push it
through the birth canal
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Located in the pelvis
anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder

Parts of uterus :
Corpus major portion of the uterus
Fundus rounded region superior
to the entrance of the uterine tubes

Isthmus narrowed region between

the body and cervix

Cervix
Cervical glands secrete mucus that
covers the external os and blocks sperm
entry except during midcycle
Supports of the Uterus
Mesometrium portion of the broad ligament
that supports the uterus laterally
Lateral cervical ligaments extend from the
cervix and superior part of the vagina to the
lateral walls of the pelvis
Uterosacral ligaments (cardinal) paired
ligaments that secure the uterus to the sacrum
Round ligaments bind the anterior wall to
the labia majora
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Peritoneal Pouches

Several cul-de-sacs of peritoneum exist

around the uterus
Vesicouterine pouch lies between the
bladder and the uterus
Rectouterine pouch lies between the
rectum and the uterus
Uterine Wall (Fig. 346B)

Composed of three layers

Perimetrium outermost serous layer;
the visceral peritoneum
Myometrium middle layer; interlacing
layers of smooth muscle
Endometrium mucosal lining of the
uterine cavity
Endometrium (Fig. 346B)
Has numerous uterine glands that change in
length as the endometrial thickness changes
Stratum functionalis:
Undergoes cyclic changes in response to
ovarian hormones
Is shed during menstruation
Stratum basalis:
Forms a new functionalis after
menstruation ends
Does not respond to ovarian hormones
Uterine Vascular Supply (Fig. 375B)

Uterine arteries arise from the internal

iliacs, ascend the sides of the uterus and
send branches into the uterine wall
Arcuate arteries branches of the uterine
arteries in the myometrium that give rise to
radial branches
Radial branches descend into the
endometrium and give off:
Spiral arteries to the stratum
functionalis
Straight arteries to the stratum basalis
Uterine Vascular Supply (Fig. 375B)

Degeneration and regeneration of spiral

arteries causes the functionalis to shed
during menstruation
Veins of the endometrium are thin-walled with
occasional sinusoidal enlargements
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FALLOPIAN TUBES
(TUBA UTERINA)
Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the
uterus
Are the site of fertilization by the male
sperm
Expand distally around the ovary forming
the Ampulla
The ampulla ends in the funnel-shaped,
ciliated infundibulum containing fingerlike
projections called fimbriae
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Uterine Tubes
The uterine tubes have no contact with the
ovaries and the ovulated oocyte is cast into
the peritoneal cavity
Beating cilia on the fimbriae create currents to
carry the oocyte into the uterine tube
The oocyte is carried toward the uterus by
peristalsis and ciliary action
Nonciliated cells keep the oocyte and the
sperm nourished and moist
Mesosalpinx visceral peritoneum that
supports the uterine tubes
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OVARIES
The female gonads or sex glands
They develop and expel an ovum each month
A woman is born with approximately 400,000
immature eggs called follicles
During a lifetime a woman release @ 400 to
500 fully matured eggs for fertilization
The follicles in the ovaries produce the
female sex hormones, progesterone and
estrogen
These hormones prepare the uterus for
implantation of the fertilized egg
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BREASTS
Organs of sexual arousal
Contain mammary glands
Consist of connective tissue
that serves as support
Each breast contain 15-25
clusters called lobes
Each lobule is connected by
ducts that open into the
nipples
The nipples are made up of
erectile tissue
The pigmented around the
nipples are called the
areola
Breast size is
determined primarily
by heredity
Size also depends on
the existing fat and
glandular tissue
Breasts may exhibit
cyclical changes,
including increased
swelling and
tenderness prior to
menstruation
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