Collagen fiber
orientation
vein
Artery
Arteriole Trabeculae
FIGURE 6-5 The Structure of Compact Bone, (a) The organization of osteons
and lamellae in compact
The Periosteum and
Endosteum
(a) The periosteum contains outer (fibrous) and inner (cellular) layers. Collagen
fibers of the periosteum are continuous with those of the bone, adjacent joint
capsules, and attached
(b) The endosteum is an incomplete cellular layer containing osteoblasts,
osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoclaste.
The layer of spongy bone
between the layers of
compact bone is called the
diploe
Spongy bone consists of an
open network of struts and
plates with a thin covering,
or cortex, of compact bone
Although bone marrow is Cortex Diploe
present within the spongy (compact (spongy
bone)
bone, there is no marrow bone)
cavity. The structure of a flat bone
BONE HISTOLOGY
Jar tulang adalah jar ikat pendukung
Empat karakteristik tulang:
1. Matrix tulang: sangat padat & terdeposit garam-
garam kalsium
2. Matrix mengandung sel-sel t (osteosit,di dalam
kantong-kantong yang disebut lakuna. Daerah di
kartilage dimana terdapat khondrosit juga disebut
lakuna.
Lakuna dikelilingi pemb darah yang bercabang melalui
matriks t.
3. Kanalikuli tabung/saluran sempit antar lakuna
yang dikleilingi pembuluh darah, tersedia sebagai
saluran untuk pertukaran nutrient, produk buangan
dan gas.
THE MATRIX OF BONE
hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2]
account for two-thirds of the weight of bone.
Calcium phosphate [Ca 3(PO4)2] dan calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2],
membentuk hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2]. Selain itu terdeposit juga
calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and ions seperti natrium, magnesium, and
fluoride.
Calcium phosphate crystals are very hard, but relatively inflexible and
quite brittle. They can withstand compression, but are likely to shatter
when exposed to bending, twisting, or sudden impacts.
Collagen fiber
Roughly account for one-third of the weight of bone
Collagen fibers, by contrast, are remarkably strong; when subjected to tension
(pull), they are stronger than steel. Flexible as well as tough, they can easily
tolerate twisting and bending, but offer little resistance to compression. When
compressed, they simply bend out of the way.
Cells account for only 2% of the mass of a typical bone.
osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor and osteoclasts.
Types of Bone Cells
Osteoblast: Osteoclast:
Osteocyte: Osteoprogenitor Multirucleate
Mature bone cell Immature bone cell cell: Stem cell
that maintains the that secretes cell that
organic components whose divisions
produce osteoblasts secretes acids
of matrix and enzymes to
dissolve bone
OSTEOSIT,
MEMPUNYAI 2 FUNGSI:
1.MEMELIHARA KANDUNGAN PROTEIN DAN
MINERAL MATRIKS T.
OSTEOSIT MENSEKRESI SENYAWA YANG MELARUTKAN
MINERALS YANG DILEPASKAN KE SIRKULASI. OSTEOSIT
KEMUDIAN MEMBENTUK KEMBALI MATRIKS TULANG DAN
MENSTIMULASI DEPOSIT MINERAL
Osteoprogenitor cells
Sel-sel stem ini membelah membentuk sel anak yang berdiferensiasi
menjadi osteoblast.
memelihara populasi osteoblasts dan berperan penting dalam
perbaikan t yang patah.
terdapat di lapisan selular periosteum, endosteum,
Osteoclasts
Adalah sel yang memindahkan dan re-cycle matriks
tulang.
Adalah sel-sel raksasa yg tdd 5 atau lebih inti
Osteoclasts tidak berasal dari sel osteoprogenitor
tetapi dibentuk dari stem sel yang memproduksi
monosit-makrofag.
Mensekresi acids dan enzim proteolytic yang
melarutkan matrix dan membebaskan minerals.
Proses erosi ini disebut osteolysis atau resorpsi.
Proses ini penting dalam regulasi kons kalsium dan
fosfat dalam cairan tubuh.
FAKTOR YANG Minerals
Calcium, phosporous, fluoride, manganese
MEMPENGARU
HI Vitamins
Vitamin A menstimulasi aktifitas osteoblast
PERTUMBUHA Vitamin C sintesis kolagen
N TULANG Vitamin D meningkatkan absorpso kalsium
dari makanan di GI masuk ke darah
Vitamin K & B12 sintesis protein tulang
Hormones
IGFs (insulinlike growth factors)
Sex hormones estrogen & testosterone