UNIVERSITAS MALAHAYATI
• Hemostasis /himos'tæsis, hè'mæstà'sis/ [Gk, haima = darah,+ stasis,
halting=berhenti],
Suatu proses pada pembuluh darah untuk menghentikan perdarahan secara
spontan, sehingga komponen darah tidak terbuang
Ada 3 sistem :
1. Vaskuler
2. Trombosit
3. Pembekuan darah
Disk-shaped “cells”
produced in the
megakaryocytes of Mature
Platelet
the bone marrow
Megakaryocyte
Bone
Marrow
Trombosit
TOTAL : 150.000. - 400.000/mm³
AGE : + 10 DAYS
Ø :2-3
1 MEGACARYOSITE : 3.000 - 4.000 THROMBOCYTE
INFLUENCED BY : THROMBOPOEITIN (RENAL) 7 - 8 x
NO NUCLEUS
Anatomy of a Platelet
Dense Body
Dense Tubular
ADP Serotonin
System
ATP Calcium
Microtubular System
Plasma Membrane
PF3
Glycogen
Exterior Coat
Alpha Granules (Glycocalyx)
PF4 Fibrinogen
Factor V Fibronectin Mitochondria
Factor VIII R:ag b Thromboglobulin
(vWF)
Surface
Cytosol Connecting System
Factor XIII
Storage and Circulation
Quantity - 200,000 - 400,000/mm3
Life Span - 10 days
33%
pooling
67%
in the
circulation
Spleen
Megakaryocyte
Platelet Function
Adhesion A
ADP
Shape Release
Change
Release 3 seconds
Aggregation B
10 seconds
Coagulation C
Fibrin
Formation 5 minutes
Pemeriksaan Trombosit
Platelet
Rich Aggregating Aggregate
Plasma
(PRP)
+ Reagent Clumping
Cut 1 mm deep
5 mm long
Constant Pressure
Expected Range 40 mm
2 - 10 minutes
FAKTOR - FAKTOR PEMBEKUAN
I FIBRINOGEN
II PROTHROMBIN
III THROMBOPLASTIN = TISSUE FACTOR
IV CALSIUM
V PROACCELERIN, LABILE FACTOR
VI -
VII SERUM PROTHOMBIN CONVERSION ACCELERATOR (SPCA),
STABLE FACTOR
VIII ANTIHEMOPHILIC FACTOR
IX CHRISTMAS FACTOR, PLASMA THROMBOPLASTIN
COMPONENT (PTC)
X STUART FACTOR, STUART POWER FACTOR
XI PLASMA THROMBOPLASTIN ANTECEDENT (PTA)
XII FIBRIN STABILIZING FACTOR
Sistem Pembekuan Darah/Koagulasi
XI XIa
XI Ca ++ XIa
IX IXa
IX VIII IXa
VIII VIIIa Xa
X Ca ++ PHOSPHOLIPID
X Xa
V
Ca ++
V Va
II PHOSPHOLIPID IIa
II IIa
Ia I Ia
I
“CASCADE” THEORY “WATERFALL” THEORY
MACFARLANE 1964 DAVIE & RATNOFF
1964 1969
INTRINSIK EXTRINSIK
X Xa JALUR BERSAMA
Ca++
V+
P+f3
Ca+
+
(Xa –V-Pf3 Ca++)
(PROTHROMBINASE)
FIBRINOGEN
PROTHROMBIN THROMBIN
FIBRIMONOMER + PEPTIDES
Ca++
SOLUBLEFIBRIN
XIII Ca++ XIIIa Ca++
STABILIZED FIBRIN
INHIBITOR KOAGULASI
- ANTI THROMBIN III
- PROTEIN C
AT III BLOCK
VIII : C
XI XIa
BLOCK Va V
PROTEIN C
AT III BLOCK BLOCK PROTEIN C
IX IXa X Xa - Va II IIa I Ia
XIIa
Kalikrein t-PA Urokinase
Aktifator plasminogen
FDP
Fibrinogen
Plasminogen Plasmin FV
bebas bebas F VIII
Anti Plasmin
SISTEM FIBRINOLISIS
ENDOTHELIUM
PLASMINOGEN
SISTEM SISTEM
KOAGULASI FIBRINOLISIS