PENULISAN ARTIKEL ILMIAH

Dr. Asmiyenti D. Djalil

SEMINAR PENULISAN ARTIKEL & PUBLIKASI ILMIAH
F. Farmasi UMP/LPIP UMP
STIK MUHAMMADIYAH PONTIANAK asmiyenti@gmail.com
2 AGUSTUS 2019 SCOPUS ID 55274021200
ORCID ID 0000-0002-3242-4874
SINTA ID 6033918
 Why publish

http://blogs.nature.com/ofschemesandmemes/2017/12/21/training-to-write-submit-and-publish-a-scientific-paper
PUBLISH OR PERISH
Alur naskah: dari penulis ke pengelola ke pembaca

Journal

Authors Reviewer

3 pihak yang harus dipuaskan:

1. Editor
2. Mitra bestari
3. Pembaca
 Skripsi/Tesis/ Naskah
Proposal
disertasi/Laporan Publikasi
Penelitian

Topik/Judul Topik/Judul Judul

Ringkasan Abstrak Abstrak

Rencana
Perumusan, Pendahuluan Pendahuluan
Tujuan
Manfaat Metode Metode
Penelitian
Tinjauan Hasil Hasil
Pustaka

Metode Pembahasan Cukup Pembahasan

Simpulan banyak
Daftar Pustaka & Saran naskah Simpulan

Rencana Daftar Pustaka

masih
Persantunan
Anggaran seperti
Biodata Lampiran format
Referensi
skripsi
Guide for Authors
 Yang seharusnya dicari dahulu oleh penulis:
‘Guide for Authors’ – tetapi sering diabaikan!
• Petunjuk bagi penulis naskah, mulai dari penyiapan naskah,
layout, cara sitasi, nomenklatur, gambar dan tabel, pengajuan,
dan penelusuran riwayat naskah)
 General Structure of a Research Article
• Title
• Abstract
• Keywords.
• Main text (IMRaD):
Introduction: What did you/others do? Why did you do it?
Methods: How did you do it?
Results: What did you find?
and
Discussion: What does it all mean?
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Supplementary material
STRUKTUR MANUSKRIP
Examples of research article structure

Abstract Abstract Abstract

Introduction Introduction Introduction

Methods Results Methods

Results Results
Discussion

Discussion Methods Discussion

Conclusion

13
 1. JUDUL

Untuk menarik pembaca yang sibuk → buat

mereka ingin mengakses dan membaca seluruh
artikel
Strategi 1: sediakan informasi penting sebanyak
mungkin, TETAPI singkat!
Strategi 2: gunakan kata kunci yang mudah
ditangkap oleh pembaca
Strategi 3: putuskan dengan hati-hati untuk
menggunakan pernyataan atau pertanyaan
Strategi 4: jauhkan dari ambiguitas
15
 1. JUDUL
• Tidak ada singkatan, rumus, jargon
• Tidak ada metafora seperti puisi, peribahasa,
contoh
“Beras, materi sejati untuk hidup”
• Biasanya berupa kalimat lengkap.
• Judul pendek yang menarik akan lebih sering
dikutip
 1. JUDUL

Untuk artikel pada jurnal internasional:

Kurangi fanatisme lokasi, pikirkan uniqueness

Judul yang kurang baik

Analisis ekonomi di Pontianak
“judul tidak menarik karena American doesn’t need
Pontianak, *sebaiknya jangan sertakan lokasi di judul kecuali
jika tempat tersebut sangat unik dan merupakan kearifan
lokal.
2. AUTHORSHIP & AFFILIATION

 Jangan gunakan afiliasi dengan

menggunakan kata “student of/ lecturer of…

 Corresponding author
 Urutan authors  issue terkait peraturan PAK
di Indonesia
 Style → tergantung GFA
Alamat Afiliasi

• Nama jurusan, fakultas, perguruan tinggi

• Jangan menyingkat nama perguruan
tinggi
• Tuliskan “Indonesia” untuk artikel jurnal
internasional
3. ABSTRACT & KEYWORD

• Nama Negara/wilayah bukan Keyword

• No abbreviation, Should used only established abbreviations (eg. DNA)
Briefly covers
Intro/Issues, Objective, Method, Results, Conclusion

What has
been done

issue
objective
method

Results

conclusion
IMRAD
INTRODUCTION
 Introduction……

General to Specific Statement (Jangan Zigzag, umum,

khusus, umum, khusus)

Tunjukkan pentingnya issu research ini, bagaimana

perbedaannya dengan paper lainnya

Hindari kutipan “in”....dalam

Not History & Definition

Di paragraf terakhir HARUS dinyatakan TUJUAN (OBJECTIVES)

 Introduction……
• Pernyataan dimulai dari Umum ke khusus .
Tapi jangan juga terlalu umum, misal:
Indonesia adalah negara agraris
menurut garis-garis besar haluan negara
o Deskripsikan letak kebaruan dari teknologi
yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan
permasalahan

o Introduction jangan disamakan dengan

tinjauan pustaka
o Cara merujuk yang baik adalah menyintesis
kumpulan referensi, jadi tidak copy paste
langsung.

o Rujukan pada penelitian lain yang berkaitan

dengan hasil lebih baik ditunda dalam
discussion
Introduction……
 5. MATERIALS & METHOD

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

 Memberikan uraian terperinci tentang materi yang

telah digunakan untuk melakukan studi penelitian
dan bagaimana penelitian dilakukan
 Bagian ini akan menarik minat pembaca;
memungkinkan para peneliti untuk mereplikasi
sebuah penelitian

In any research or experiment, the items used for the

experiment are identified and listed. There are two sub-items
under Materials:
1. Samples 31
2. Equipment or apparatus
• Deskripsikan bahan bahan penelitian
secara detil, bila perlu cantumkan merk
dan kemurnian dari bahan-bahan kimia
yang digunakan
Materials and methods: grammar

 Past tense verbs are more frequently used than present

tense verbs
 Present perfect tense verb are rarely used; they are only
used when relating to other studies.

33
 Materials used: 1. samples

 Detailed information on properties of the samples used.

 Information about how similar or different the samples used
are in comparison to other studies.

The material used in this study were The samples used

a 99% pure Al2O3 and pressed silicon
nitride. The first material consists of
grains with an average diameter of 10 Describing the
um. For the silicon nitride, it is features of the
characterized by the phase grains at samples
the ratio of approximately 7 and with
the diameter of 0.3 um average.

34
 Materials used: 1. equipments or
apparatuses

 Detailed information of the dimensions and properties of

apparatuses used.
 Information about how similar or different the equipment or
apparatuses used are in comparison to other studies.

Ion mobility spectra downwind of the The equipment

high voltage power lines were used
measured with the Aspiration
Condenser Ion Mobility
Spectrometer. This equipment is Compared to other
similar to the firstly developed model studies
by David [24]; it has been used in the
previous studies [25-28] fort the
purpose of measuring ion mobility.

35
 Methods used
 The Methods can be divided into two sub-items:
1. Experimental design or setup
2. Measurement of the sample(s) with model
 In this part, it should provide the answer to the following
questions:
1. How do I set up and run the experiment(s)?
2. How do I measure the outputs (samples) of the
experiment(s) to get the results?

36
 Methods used:
1. the experimental setup
 Describe the information of your experiment, followed by
rationale for this decision.
 Steps to get the samples.

The experiments were conducted in a test Indicating the

house located in Grenoble, France at a natural location of the
climate. The surrounding climate was recorded experiment
every 10 minutes at a weather station, which
was set up near the house. The weather station
was equipped with an outdoor gas analyzer, Steps to get the
with the intention to monitor the surrounding samples
CO2 concentration. The second analyzer was
set indoors after 3 months. In addition, the
analyzer was connected to four sampling
tubes. At the same time, four ventilators were
installed in the house. Carbon dioxide was
released from a container. To differentiate the
indoor concentration from the outdoor, the 37
concentration was set higher for the indoors.
 Methods used:
2. Measurement of the Sample(s) with Model

 A model comprises the hypothesized equations that are

used to obtain the results.
 Measurement devices are set with models, which enable the
devices to measure samples and obtain the results.

The estimation of thermal and wind impact can be Describing the

calculated for each single i air path (with i from 1 to N). model or equations
The estimation can be calculated with (1) ….... used to obtained
the results
Air tightness measurements depend on obtaining
significant pressure gradient between outdoor and
indoor temperature. For this purpose, this study used a Describing the
device called a Permeascope. The indoor air was steps taken to
extracted using the ventilation duct. The validity of (1) measure the
has been demonstrated by [20], despite significant samples and how
pressure difference between 30 to 120 Pa compared to the measurement is
the natural pressure (2 to 20). Liner regressions were related to the model
performed to estimate the values (1) for the or equations 38
measurements of both pressure and airflow rates.
 Hal – hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam
Penulisan Methods

• Cek autoplagiarism di methods

• Repeatable / reprodusible
• Ethical clearance
• Peralatan yang digunakan harus
terkalibrasi spesifikasinya
• Genomic harus didaftarkan ke Genes
Bank
• Gunakan sub-heading  tergantung GFA
• Treatment and control groups
o Alat seperti gunting, gelas ukur, pensil →
tidak perlu ditulis, tetapi perincilah
peralatan analitis (bahkan sampai tipenya)
o Satuan SI untuk kuantitas
o Singkatan yang sudah standar
o Penggunaan prosedur yang sudah baku
bisa dirujuk saja
Perbedaan pemberian tajuk

Metode Hasil (& Pembahasan)

– Identifikasi – Identitas kimiawi
kimiawi
– Uji toksisitas – Toksisitas
– Isolasi ... – Isolat ...
– Ekstraksi DNA – Ekstrak DNA
 6. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

 Generally, the Results and Discussion is written as one

section.
 Alternatively, it can be written as two separate section: i)
Results, ii) Discussion.
 Follow the GFA
 6. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
 Jangan dobel informasi antara table dan grafik
oUntuk penyajian data yang sederhana gunakan tabel
oUntuk data yang rumit dan banyak gunakan grafik

 Jangan menuangkan data dari table ke tulisan, tapi harus

menyari.
 Buat penguatan-penguatan, seperti:
Some important finding ……., first……, second……(tapi
jangan sampai third)…third biasa diganti kalimat another
important finding…
As clearly depicted (√)….
Bandingkan dengan kalimat ini. Table 1 show (X).
Dua kalimat tersebut beda impresi.
 Jangan ada kata-kata: table above
 Tunjukan jika pembahasan mengacu table tertentu contoh: bla
bla bla (see table 1)
 Aspects
1. Location of key results
Writing key results by referring to a graph, table,
diagram, etc.
2. Description of key results Results
Describe the result in detail without offering
explanation/reason.
Focus on what can be observed, such as the highest
value, correlation, significance, etc.
3. Explanation for key results
Inform the readers on why the result behave in a
certain manner.
4. Supporting evidences for the explanation
Use the relevant previous studies as in introduction
Discussion
section or others that are not stated in introduction.
5. Insights
The answers to the research questions and they should
show how far it is achieved the research objective.

45
Figure 1 shows the measured ratio values
within the complete time series as a
function of sample time starting from 1550
nm. The wavelength was stepped by Location of key results
successively increasing increments of 10,
15, 20, and 25 pm every 10 seconds. It
shows the clearly detectable change of
the recorded output ratio of the proposed
Description of key results
device, capable of achieving a resolution
of better than 15 pm. The results can be
related to a signal to noise ratio in the
device as explained by Wang [16]. This
Explanation of key
resolution is competitive compared with results
some commercial active wavelength +
scanning techniques [2-5], and also Supporting evidences
compared with previous work on optical
fiber based edge filters [17-19]. It can be
Insight
seen here that the proposed integrated
device shows promising characteristics.

46
 • Ilustrasi: Gambar

• Grafik berguna untuk menyajikan data yang

banyak
• Dapat disertakan SD
• Gambar tidak perlu diberi kotak pembatas
• Cek label (dan satuan) sumbu x dan y
• Beberapa gambar dapat disusun secara vertikal
• Sebaiknya gunakan grafik hitam putih
• Kontras gambar harus jelas
Contoh tabel dan gambar yang efektif

Keterangan (legend) dapat

diletakkan pada judul gambar
Contoh kurang baik: garis bantu terlalu banyak

Komposisi Bobot sampel Bobot

gliserol
Gabus PS:Pati
Gabus PS Pati Satuan ditulis berulang-ulang
60:40 5,00 g 3,00 g -

65:35 5,50 g 2,50 g -

70:30 6,00 g 2,00 g - 50

75:25 6,50 g 1,50 g - 45
80:20 7,00 g 1,00 g - 40
60:40 4,75 g 2,75 g 0,50 g 35
Seri…
65:35 5,25 g 2,25 g 0,50 g 30
70:30 5,75 g 1,75 g 0,50 g 25
75:25 6,25 g 1,25 g 0,50 g
20
80:20 2,75 g 0,75 g 0,50 g
15

10

Tidak ada keterangan pada

sumbu y
 Hal – hal terkait penulisan Results

• Kualitas gambar
– Aware dengan gambar B&W and colour
– Jika B&W  details penjelasan gambar
• Informasi kondisi experiment
• Tampilan hasil analisis statistics
• Kesalahan-kesalahan
– Tidak double penjelasan di gambar/tabel dan
narasi
 7. CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION

• Umumnya 1 paragraf dan 1/3 halaman (jurnal

internasional bereputasi, umumnya tidak
memisahkan Kesimpulan & Saran)
• Berikut adalah kalimat-kalimat garbage
(sampah):
Berdasarkan tujuan, metode, data, maka (X)
Principally (X)
• Conclusion dibuat directly
• Klain yang ada di kesimpulan harus
didukung oleh data-data hasil penelitian
yang signifikan

• Tips: jangan pernah membuat klaim

kesimpulan yang terlalu muluk-muluk
tetapi tidak didukung oleh data yang
signifikan, contoh:”….was succesfully
developed….”
 8. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Disampaikan kepada pihak yang pantas:

- lembaga atau orang yang benar-benar
membantu penelitian
- pemberi dana, fasilitas, bahan, atau saran

Ungkapan secara wajar

 9. REFERENCES
Daftar cek referensi

 Jumlah pustaka tidak perlu banyak, yang penting: mutu

acuan (primer, mutakhir, relevan)
 Banyaknya acuan memadai, dan dipilih dengan cermat
 Pustaka dikaji secara terpadu
 Gagasan peneliti lain dihargai, diacu, dianalisis, dan
dikritisi dengan cermat
• Ada beragam penyusunan referensi (lihat aturan jurnal)
• Gunakan perangkat pengelolaan rujukan: Mendeley,
Zotero, ...
Daftar Cek Referensi

 Jumlah pustaka tidak perlu banyak, yang penting: mutu

acuan (primer, mutakhir, relevan)
 Banyaknya acuan memadai dan dipilih dengan cermat
 Pustaka dikaji secara terpadu
 Jangan memaksakan self citation
 Gagasan peneliti lain dihargai, diacu, dianalisis, dan dikritisi
dengan cermat
 Ada beragam penyusunan referensi (lihat GFA)
 Gunakan perangkat pengelolaan rujukan: Mendeley, Zotero,
...
Thank You!