KEL.EXPERIMEN EFEK ?
SUBJEK
PENELITIAN R
KEL.KONTROL EFEK ?
Desain Paralel
SUBJEK
PENELITIAN R
Perlakukan Perlakukan
T1 X T2
Quasi Experimental
Times series design
T1 T2 T3 X T4 T5 T6
MAGNITUDE OF THERAPIES
Event rates
Absolute risk reduction
Relative risk reduction
Number needed to treat
MAGNITUDE OF THERAPIES
Event rates
n with event / total
Death, hospitalized, adverse event, etc
NNT = 1 / ARR
NNT=72; we need to treat 72 people
with a statin (rather than placebo)
for 5 years to prevent one additional
person from suffering a stroke
PRECISION:
95% confidence interval
range within which the true value falls
with 95% confidence
1
Hospitalized
27
26 Non-Hospitalized
N = 54 R
7 Hospitalized
27
20 Non-Hospitalized
budesonide
normal saline
Assessing Important:
Upper-airway obstruction
No Yes Total
Budesonide (E) 26 1 27
NaCl (C) 20 7 27
X2 df =1 p = 0.04
Upper-airway obstruction
No Yes Total
Budesonide (E) 26 1 27
NaCl (C) 20 7 27