PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI ILMU DAN SENI

KELOMPOK 3

DISUSUN OLEH :
1. Dhiya Fathin D. (1805411)
2. Irma Pebriyanti S. (1903639)
3. Jundy Ahmad M. (1902359)
4. Salma Nur’Ani W. (1903227)
 A. ALASAN PENTINGNYA STATUS
KEILMUAN PENDIDIKAN

Suatu disiplin semakin

kokoh dan disebut ilmu
pengetahuan jika jelas status
keilmiahannya

Demikian pula pendidikan,

sebagai disiplin yang
dipandang sebagai ilmu, akan
semakin kokoh jika terbukti
keilmiahannya
 A. ALASAN PENTINGNYA STATUS
KEILMUAN PENDIDIKAN

Suatu disiplin perlu diuji secara

empiris untuk menunjukkan
keabsahannya.
Sehingga semakin teruji secara
ilmiah, semakin jelas status
keilmuannya.

Uji empiris dapat dilakukan jika jelas :

1. Obyek studinya
2. Metodologinya
3. Substansinya
4. Fungsinya
 01 KBBI (Depdikbud,1988)
1.Pengertian - Suatu pengetahuan tentang sesuatu bidang
yang disusun secara bersistem menurut metode-

Ilmu
metode tertentu, yang dapat dipergunakan untuk
menerangkan gejala-gejala tertentu di bidang
(pengetahuan) tersebut.
- Segala pengetahuan dan kepandaian
tentang soal duniawi, akhirat, lahir, batin, dan
sebagainya.

02 Menurut Lenzen dan Victor F.

Pengetahuan sistematik dan sistemik yang
dihasilkan melalui kegiatan berpikir kritis, dan
tertuju untuk menghasilkan suatu penemuan.

Berasal dari kata ‘alima (tahu)

4 Jenis Pengetahuan yang Dapat Diperoleh dan
Dimiliki Manusia Menurut Titus (1959)

Pengetahuan biasa
01
(common sense knowledge).

Pengetahuan ilmiah
02
(scientific knowledge)

Pengetahuan filsafat
03
(philosophical knowledge)

04
Pengetahuan religi
(pengetahuan agama)
 2. Klasifikasi Ilmu Pengetahuan
Berdasarkan Isi Pengetahuan Ilmu
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Ilmu-ilmu Kealaman Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Ilmu-ilmu Kemanusiaan

(natural sciences) (social sciences) (humanities)

Seperti : Seperti : Seperti :

Fisika, Kimia, Sosiologi, Ekonomi, Filsafat, Bahasa,
Politik, Sejarah,
Biologi, dan dan Seni
Ilmu Pengetahuan Pendidikan,
Astronomi dan sebagainya
 Berdasarkan Sifat Pengetahuan
(Majid Noor, 1999)

Karl Person Wilson Gee Wilhem Windleband

1. abstract sciences : 1. descriptive sciences : 1. Nomothetic
matematika dan psikologi, sosiologi sciences : fisika,
filsafat 2. normative sciences : kimia
2. concrete sciences : ilmu pendidikan, 2. Idiografic sciences :
fisika, biologi, ilmu, filsafat Ilmu pendidikan,
dsb sosiologi
William C. Kneale Rudolf Carnapp Hugo Munsterbeg
1. apriori sciences : 1. Formal sciences : 1. Theoritical sciences:
matematika, filsafat matematika matematika
2. aposteriori sciences : 2. Factual sciences : 2. Practical sciences :
fisika, sosiologi, fisika ilmu pendidikan
ekonomi, dsb
Klasifikasi Ilmu

Pure Sciences
01
Matematika, logika

Applied Science
02 Ekonomi, ilmu pendidikan

01 Ilmu Eksakta

02 Ilmu Non-eksakta
B. Karakteristik dan Kriteria Ilmu Pengetahuan

1. Ciri-Ciri Ilmu:

Bersifat Rasional

Bersifat Empiris

Bersifat Umum

Bersifat Akumulatif

Karakteristik suatu ilmu dapat ditelusuri melalui

pembahasan tentang landasan ilmu, objek ilmu,
metode keilmuan(metode ilmiah), isi atau
materi ilmu, dan fungsi ilmu
- Majid Noor (1998)
2. Kriteria Ilmu Pengetahuan

• Memiliki objek formal

• Ada metode kerja yang diakui
sesame ilmuwan
• Terdapat jaringan substantive
pengetahuan yang sistematis
• Terdapat teknik dan perlengkapan
yang diakuidalam menerapkan
pendidikan
Landasan
Ilmu Landasan
Ilmu Alam • Filsafat Positivme
(natural • Filsafat Neo-Positivme
sciences)

• Humanisme
Landasan
Ilmu Sosial • Pragmatisme
(social • Eksistensialisme
sciences)
• fenomenologi
 Objek Objek
Material Formal
• Bidang • Bentuk
Kajian Ilmu Khas Ilmu
• Bahan Ilmu
Objek Studi Ilmu
 Metode Ilmu
Tujuan : memperoleh suatu produk ilmu yang valid (sah, benar,
tepat)
Prosedur Menyusun
Perumusan Merumuskan Menguji Menarik
Metode Masalah
Kerangka
Hipotesis Hipotesis Kesimpulan
Berpikir
Ilmiah

Fungsi Ilmu Pendidikan

• Deduktif

Menjelaskan Probabilistik/induktif
•
• Teleologis
• Genetik

Memprediksi

Mengontrol
• Perbuatan mendidik bersifat kreatif (mencipta).
• Perbuatan yang tidak dapat dipelajari begitu saja.
• Pendidikan merupakan teknologi
• Belum terdapat kesepahaman dari para ahli
terkait pembaharuan pendidikan yang ditentukan
oleh faktor guru.
• Pendidikan masih berupa suatu hal
gelap penuh teka teki.
(penganut seni didik)

Mendidik
Sebagai Seni
dan Teknik
Seni Didik dan Teknik Pendidikan Secara Ilmiah

Masih banyak kemungkinan bagi ilmu pengetahuan

pendidikan sebagai suat penghampiran ilmiah dalam
ilmu pendidikan.
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