Cardiovascular Disease
MOCHAMMAD FATHONI
DEPART. OF CARDIOLOGY, MEDICAL FACULTY,
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY,
Dr. MOEWARDI HOSPITAL, SOLO
MITRAL STENOSIS
MITRAL STENOSIS ADALAH LESI ATAU
GANGGUAN PADA KATUP MITRAL
DIMANA TIDAK TERJADI PEMBUKAAN
YANG SEMPURNA WAKTU DIASTOLIK.
BILA PEMBUKAAN KATUP MITRAL
WAKTU DIASTOLIK MASIH =/> 2,5 CM 2.
TIDAK AKAN MEMBERIKAN KELUHAN.
KLASIFIKASI MS
MS RINGAN BILA PENAMPANG KATUB :
1,5 2,5 CM 2.
MS SEDANG BILA PENAMPANG KATUB :
1,0 1,5 CM 2.
MS BERAT BILA PENAMPANG KATUB :
< 1,0 CM 2.
GANGGUAN HEMODINAMIKA MS
ALIRAN DARI
LA KE LV
TERGANGGU
OBSTRUKSI
KATUB MITRAL
KONGESTI
PARU
MS
PENINGKATAN
TEKANAN DI
V. PULMONALIS
PENINGKATAN
VOLUME DI LA
MENINGKAT
PENINGKATAN
TEKANAN
DI LA
DINGIN
BILA TERJADI DEOMP. CORDIS KANAN :
OEDEMA KAKI, ACITES, HEPATO MEGALI , JVP
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
PADA MS
KU : LEMAH, KURUS, BB TIDAK BERTAMBAH
INSPEKSI : RVA MENINGKAT, APEX CORDIS BISA
BERGESER KELATERAL
PALPASI : ICTUS CORDIS BERGESER KELATERAL
TERDAPAT THRILL DIASTOLIK DI APEX
PERKUSI : PINGGANG JANTUNG MERATA/ HILANG
AUSKULTASI : BUNYI JANTUNG I INT. MENINGKAT
BUNYI JANTUNG II INT BILA TDP. P H.
TERDAPAT OPENING SNAP
BISING : MID DIASTOLIC MURMUR
A 2 P2
BJ I
A2 P2
MDM
PSA
BJ I
BJ II OS
BJ I
BJ II
BJ I BUNYI JANTUNG I
MDM MID DIASTOLIC MURMUR
BJ II BUNYI JANTUNG II
PSA PRESYSTOLIC ACCENTUATION
OS OPENING SNAP
A2 PENUTUPAN KATUP AORTA
P2 PENUTUPAN KATUP PULMONAL
ELEKTRO KARDIOGRAM
RVH (RIGHT VENTRICEL HYPERTROPHY)
LAH ( LEFT ATRIAL HYPERTROPHY)
SINUS TACHYCARDIA
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF)
PHOTO THORAX
RVH
LAH
BENDUNGAN PARU
PEMERIKSAAN LAIN
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
KATATERISASI
THERAPY
DIURETIKA
DIGITALISASI LOADING DOSE : 0,03 MG/BB
MAINTENANCE DOSE :0,01 MG/BB/HARI
PROCAIN PENICILLIN , CORTICOSTEROID
OPERASI
MITRAL INSSUFISIENCY/
MITRAL REGURGITASI
MOCHAMMAD FATHONI
ETIOLOGY MI/ MR
RHEUMATIC FEVER
SBE (SUB BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS)
KELAINAN BAWAAN :
ASD I (ASD PRIMUM)
MVP (MITRAL VALVE PROLAPS)
PJK (PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER)
MI/MR SERING MENYERTAI MS
GANGGUAN HEMODINAMIKA MI
DARAH
TIDAK SELURUHNYA
MENGALIR
DARI LV KE AORTA
INSUFISIENSI
KATUB MITRAL
MI/MR
PENINGKATAN
VOLUME DAN TEKANAN
DI LA
PENINGKATAN
TEKANAN DI
LA
SEBAGIAN DARAH
KEMBALI
KE LA
PENINGKATAN
VOLUME
DI LA
A 2 P2
BJ I
PSM
BJ I
A2 P2
PSM
BJ II
BJ I
BJ II
BJ I BUNYI JANTUNG I
PSM PAN SYSTOLIC MURMUR
BJ II BUNYI JANTUNG II
A2 PENUTUPAN KATUP AORTA
P2 PENUTUPAN KATUP PULMONAL
ELEKTRO KARDIOGRAM
LVH ( LEFT VENTRICEL HYPERTROPHY)
LAH ( LEFT ATRIAL HYPERTROPHY)
SINUS TACHYCARDIA
PHOTO THORAX
LVH (LEFT VVENTRICEL HYPERTROPHY) : CTR > 0,50, APEX
BERGESER KE LATERAL BAWAH
LAH (LEFT ATRIAL HYPERTROPHY) : PINGGANG JANTUNG MERATA,
PHOTO LAT : OESOPHAGUS MENONJOL KEBELAKANG
PEMERIKSAAN LAIN
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
KATATERISASI
THERAPY
DIURETIKA
DIGITALISASI LOADING DOSE : 0,03 MG/BB
MAINTENANCE DOSE :0,01 MG/BB/HARI
PROCAIN PENICILLIN , CORTICOSTEROID
OPERASI
AORTA INSSUFISIENCY/
AORTA REGURGITASI
MOCHAMMAD FATHONI
GANGGUAN HEMODINAMIKA MI
DARAH
MENGALIR KEMBALI
KE LV WAKTU
DIASTOLIK
INSUFISIENSI
KATUB AORTA
AI/AR
TERJADI
DECOMPENSATIO
CORDIS KIRI
PENINGKATAN
VOLUME
DI LV
PENINGKATAN
TEKANAN
DI LV
AUSKULTASI AI/AR
BJ I DAN BJ II INT. NORMAL,KADANG-KADANG
MENINGKAT.
EARLY DIASTOLIC MURMUR (EDM), BISING INI
LEBIH MUDAH DIDENGAR BILA PASIEN
MEMBUNGKUK KEMUKA, DENGAN STETOSCOPE
DIAFRAGMA,PADA AWAL INSPIRASI. SIFAT HIGH
PITCH, TERJADI SEGERA SETELAH BJ II.
TERDENGAR DI LSB III/IV, INTENSITASNYA
MENURUN ( DECRESCENDO)
A 2 P2
BJ I
A2 P2
EDM
BJ I
BJ II
BJ I
BJ II
BJ I BUNYI JANTUNG I
EDM EARLY DIASTOLIC MURMUR
BJ II BUNYI JANTUNG II
TERDENGAR DI LSB III - IV
A2 PENUTUPAN KATUP AORTA
P2 PENUTUPAN KATUP PULMONAL
BJ I
A2 P2
MDM
BJ I
BJ II
BJ I
BJ II
BJ I BUNYI JANTUNG I
MDM MID DIASTOLIC MURMUR
BJ II BUNYI JANTUNG II
TERDENGAR DI APEX CORDIS
A2 PENUTUPAN KATUP AORTA
P2 PENUTUPAN KATUP PULMONAL
TANDA - 2 PERIFIR AI
PULSUS CELER
DE MUSSETT SIGN
QUINCKE S PULSE SIGN
CORRIGANS PULSE SIGN
(WATER HAMMER PULSE SIGN)
HILLS SIGN
PISTOL SHOT SIGN
TRAUBES SIGN
DUROZIEZS SIGN
ELEKTRO KARDIOGRAM
LVH ( LEFT VENTRICEL HYPERTROPHY)
LAH ( LEFT ATRIAL HYPERTROPHY)
SINUS TACHYCARDIA
PHOTO THORAX
LVH (LEFT VVENTRICEL HYPERTROPHY) : CTR > 0,50, APEX
BERGESER KE LATERAL BAWAH
LAH (LEFT ATRIAL HYPERTROPHY) : PINGGANG JANTUNG MERATA,
PHOTO LAT : OESOPHAGUS MENONJOL KEBELAKANG
AORTA STENOSIS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Aortic valvular abnormalities are quite
frequent in old patients.
26% of the patients had aortic sclerosis
(a thickening of the valve or
calcification without significant
obstruction).
A slight predominance of the disorder
was noted in men. 2% of all patients
had frank aortic stenosis.
20% in patients aged 65-75 years, 35%
in those aged 75-85 years, and 48% in
patients older than 85 years.
ETHYOLOGY
The initial plaque of aortic stenosis is
alike that of coronary artery disease.
Risk factors associated with coronary
artery disease-including age, male
sex, hyperlipidaemia, and evidence of
active inflammation-are held in
common by the two disorders
ETHYOLOGY
Most cases of severe congenital
aortic stenosis are detected and
treated in early childhood or
adolescence.
Occasionally, the disorder is
diagnosed for the first time in
adulthood. Some features of
congenital aortic stenosis differ
from those of acquired stenotic
ETHYOLOGY
Anatomically, congenital aortic
stenosis often features a unicuspid
unicommissural valve and is
virtually never associated with
asymptomatic survival into
adulthood;
less typically, the disorder is
attributable to a bicuspid valve.
GANGGUAN HEMODINAMIKA AS
DECREASING IN
FLOW OF BLOOD TO
THE AORTA
VALVE
OBSTRUCTION
AS
LEFT
DECOMPENSATIO
CORDIS
INCREASING
VOLUME IN LV
INCREASING
PRESSURE OF
LV
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Ist HS
ESM
1st HS
A 2 P2
1st HS
A2 P2
ESD
2nd HS 1st HS
2nd HS
ELEKTRO KARDIOGRAPHY
LVH ( LEFT VENTRICEL HYPERTROPHY)
LAH ( LEFT ATRIAL HYPERTROPHY)
SINUS TACHYCARDIA
PHOTO THORAX
LVH (LEFT VVENTRICEL HYPERTROPHY) : CTR > 0,50, APEX downward
LAH (LEFT ATRIAL HYPERTROPHY) : cardiac
PHOTO LAT : OESOPHAGUS back
weist flat
prominent