LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM

DASAR-DASAR AGRONOMI

OLEH:
KELOMPOK

: 5 (Lima)

KELAS

: Agribisnis 2 B

NAMA

: Lukman Duwi R

(201410210311090)

Muh. Fachri J Sulaiman

(201410210311091)

Muhammad Yogi Utsman

(201210210311092)

Septiana Nur Untari

(201410210311093)

Wilujeng Ayu Nawang R

(201410210311094)

Ibnatun Khasanah

(201410210311095)

Desta Afrizal R

(201410210311096)

Sartika

(201410210311097)

LABORATORIUM AGRONOMI
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN-PETERNAKAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015

DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR...............................................................................................i
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................ii
DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR.............................................................................................vii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.........................................................................................viii
BAB I BUDIDAYA TANAMAN..........................................................................1
I. PENDAHULUAN................................................................................................2
1.1

Latar Belakang...........................................................................................2

1.2

Tujuan........................................................................................................2

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA......................................................................................3

2.1

Budidaya Tanaman.....................................................................................3

2.2

Media Tanam.............................................................................................4

2.3

Pola Tanam.................................................................................................4

2.3.1

Monokultur................................................................................................5

2.3.2

Polikultur...................................................................................................5

2.4

Komoditas Tanaman..................................................................................7

2.4.1

Terong Ungu (Solanum melongena)..........................................................7

2.4.2

Bawang Merah (Allium cepa)....................................................................7

III. METODE PELAKSANAAN............................................................................8

3.1

Metode Praktikum Pengenalan Media Tanam...........................................8

3.1.1

Alat.............................................................................................................8

3.1.2

Bahan.........................................................................................................8

3.1.3

Cara Kerja..................................................................................................8

3.2

Metode Praktikum Budidaya Tanaman Semusim......................................8

3.2.1

Alat.............................................................................................................8

3.2.2

Bahan.........................................................................................................8

3.2.3

Cara Kerja..................................................................................................8

IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................................................10

4.1

Pengenalan Media Tanam........................................................................10

4.1.1

Hasil.........................................................................................................10

4.1.2

Pembahasan.............................................................................................10

4.2

Budidaya Tanaman Semusim...................................................................15

4.2.1

Hasil.........................................................................................................15

4.2.2

Pembahasan.............................................................................................19

V. PENUTUP.........................................................................................................21
5.1

Kesimpulan..............................................................................................21

5.2

Saran........................................................................................................21

LAMPIRAN...........................................................................................................22
BAB II PENGENALAN PUPUK (ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK) DAN
PEMBUATAN BOKASI.........................................................................25
I. PENDAHULUAN..............................................................................................26
1.1

Latar Belakang.........................................................................................26

1.2

Tujuan......................................................................................................26

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................................27

2.1

Pupuk.......................................................................................................27

2.2

Klasifikasi Pupuk.....................................................................................27

2.2.1
2.2.3
2.2.4

Pupuk Anorganik dan Pupuk Organik.....................................................28

Pupuk Tunggal dan Pupuk Majemuk.......................................................30
Pupuk Padat dan Pupuk Cair...................................................................31

2.3

Unsur Hara yang Dibutuhkan Tanaman...................................................32

2.4

Teknik Pengaplikasian Pupuk..................................................................35

III. METODE PELAKSANAAN..........................................................................37

3.1

Metode Praktikum Pengenalan Pupuk Anorganik...................................37

3.1.1

Alat...........................................................................................................37

3.1.2

Bahan.......................................................................................................37

3.1.3

Cara Kerja................................................................................................37

3.2

Metode Praktikum Pembuatan Pupuk Organik (Bokasi).........................37

3.2.1

Alat...........................................................................................................37

3.2.2

Bahan.......................................................................................................37

3.2.3

Cara Kerja................................................................................................38

IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................................................39

4.1

Pengenalan Pupuk Anorganik..................................................................39

4.1.1

Hasil.........................................................................................................39

4.1.2

Pembahasan.............................................................................................39

4.2

Pembuatan Pupuk Organik (Bokasi)........................................................41

4.2.1

Hasil.........................................................................................................41

4.2.2

Pembahasan.............................................................................................41

V. PENUTUP.........................................................................................................43
5.1

KESIMPULAN........................................................................................43

5.2

SARAN....................................................................................................43

LAMPIRAN...........................................................................................................44
BAB IIIPENGENALAN PESTISIDA (ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK)
DANPEMBUATAN PESTISIDA ORGANIK......................................47
I. PENDAHULUAN..............................................................................................48
1.1

Latar Belakang.........................................................................................48

1.2

Tujuan......................................................................................................48

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................................49

2.1

Pestisida Anorganik.................................................................................49

2.2

Jenis-Jenis Pestisida dan Pengaplikasiannya...........................................49

2.2.1
2.2.3
2.2.4

Herbisida..................................................................................................49
Insectisida................................................................................................50
Fungisida..................................................................................................50

2.3

Pestisida Organik.....................................................................................51

2.4

Bahan-Bahan Penghasil Zat Pestisida Alami...........................................51

III. METODE PELAKSANAAN..........................................................................53

3.1

Metode Praktikum Pengenalan Pestisida Anorganik...............................53

3.1.1

Alat...........................................................................................................53

3.1.2

Bahan.......................................................................................................53

3.1.3

Cara Kerja................................................................................................53

3.2

Metode PraktikumPembuatan Pestisida Organik.....................................53

3.2.1

Alat...........................................................................................................53

3.2.2

Bahan.......................................................................................................53

3.2.3

Cara Kerja................................................................................................53

IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................................................55

4.1

Pengenalan Pestisida Anorganik..............................................................55

4.1.1

Hasil.........................................................................................................55

4.1.2

Pembahasan.............................................................................................57

4.2

Pembuatan Pestisida Organik..................................................................58

4.2.1

Hasil.........................................................................................................58

4.2.2

Pembahasan.............................................................................................58

V. PENUTUP.........................................................................................................60
5.1

Kesimpulan..............................................................................................60

5.2

Saran........................................................................................................60

LAMPIRAN...........................................................................................................61

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adzani, Dani. 2014. Pola Tanam. ( Online :http://alamtani.com/2014/05/polatanam.html). Diakses tanggal 25 April 2015.
Auliani, Putri. 2013. Pestisida Organik. (Online :
http://myauliani.blogspot.com/2013/04/pestisida-organik.html). Diakses
tanggal 05 Mei 2015.
Agatha, Kinanti. 2013. Makalah Budidaya dan Manfaat Terung. ( Online :
http://organichcs.com/2013/03/makalah-budidaya-dan-manfaatterung.html ). Diakses tanggal 1 Juni 2015
Akmala, Ika. 2011. Pupuk dan Pemupukan. (Online :
http://kompos2.tripot.com/2011/11/pupuk-dan-pemupukan.html). Diakses
tanggal 1 Mei 2015.
Apriasti, Retnosari.2013. Pembuatan Pestisida Nabati Fermentasi. (Online :
http://tanahub.ac.id/2013/05/laporan-tipp-pembuatan-pestisida-nabatifermentasi.html). Diakses tanggal 2 Mei 2015.
Harjadi, Sri Setyati. 1988. Pengantar Agronomi. Gramedia : Jakarta.
Himawan, Afif. 2014. Penggunaan Insektisida Pada Tanaman. (Online :
http://himawanagro.blogspot.com/2014/02/penggunaan-insektisida-padatanaman.html). Diakses tanggal 5 Mei 2015.
Kangtoo. 2012. Macam- macam Media Tanam. ( Online :
https://kaltaraprof.go.id.com/macam-macam-media-tanam/). Diakses
tanggal 25 April 2015.
Lilia, Fatma. 2013. Laporan Ilmu Tanah Dosis Pupuk. (Online :
http://fatmalilia.blogspot.com/2013/ 11/laporan-ilmu-tanah-dosispupuk.html). Diakses tanggal 30 April 2015.

66

Lingga dan Marsono. 2000. Pupuk dan Pemupukan. Pustaka buana : Bandung.
Melkasari, Stefani. 2010. Jenis-jenis Pupuk. (online :
http://distributornaturalnusantara.com/2010/03/jenis-jenis-pupuk.html?
m=1). Diakses tanggal 30 April 2015.
Musnama, Effi. 2014. Jenis-jenis Pestisida dan Penggunaannya. (Online :
http://zakapedia.blogspot.com/2014/06/jenis-jenis-pestisida-danpenggunaannya.html). Diakses tanggal 3 Mei 2015.
Oftian, Sakti. 2013. Pengenalan Pupuk. (Online :
http://yudabayuj11b.student.IPB.ac.id/2013/11/laporan-praktikumpengenalan-pupuk-sakti.html). Diakses tanggal 30 April 2015.
Rahayu, E, dan Berlian,N. V. A. 1999. Bawang Merah. Penebar swadaya: Jakarta,
Hlm4.
Rentet. 2012. Pengertian dan Sejarah Teknik Budidaya. ( Online:
http://caraberkebun.com/2012/08/pengertian-dan-sejarah-tehnikbudidaya.html). Diakses tanggal 25 April 2015.
Thamrin. 2000. Ilmu Tanah Pertanian. Pustaka buana : Bandung.
Wa Ode. 2011. Makalah Budidaya Bawang Merah . ( Online :
https://bestbudidayatanaman.com/2011/01/makalah-mama-maya1).
Diakses tanggal 1 Juni 2015
Wahyudi, Roni.2013. Pengertian Pola Tanaman dan Macam-macam Jenis
Tanaman. ( Online : http://www.mentari-dunia.com/2013/01/pengertianpola-tanam-dan-macam-macam.html ). Diakses tangga 25 April 2015.

67

DAFTAR TABEL
No.
1.1
1.2

Teks
Hasil Pengamatan Media Tanam
Pengukuran tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun pada monokultur

Halaman
10
15

2.1
2.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

dan tumpangsari
Hasil pengamatan tingkat kelarutan terhadap pupuk anorganik
Hasil pengamatan besar pH dan suhu pada pupuk bokasi
Bahan-bahan penghasil zat pestisida organik
Hasil pengamatan pestisida anorganik
Hasil pengamatan ciri fisik pestisida anorganik
Hasil pengamatan suhu terhadap pembuatan pestisida organik

39
41
52
55
56
58

DAFTAR GAMBAR
No.
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.2
3.4

Teks
Budidaya Tanaman
pola tanam tumpang gilir
Pola Tanaman Campuran
Macam-macam pupuk anorganik
Pembuatan pupuk organik
Teknik pengaplikasian pupuk
Pengenalan Pestisida Anorganik
Contoh Jenis Insektisida
Contoh Pestisida Organik

Halaman
3
6
6
28
29
35
49
50
51

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
No.
1.1

Teks

Halaman
22

Laporan sementara praktikum pengamatan media tanam

1.2

23
Laporan sementara budidaya semusim

1.3

Dokumentasi pemasangan mulsa dan penanaman bibit terong

24

2.1
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

ungu dan bawang merah

Laporan sementara praktikum pengamatan pupuk anorganik.
Dokumentasi Pembuatan Pupuk Bokasi
Dokumentasi Jenis Pupuk Anorganik
Laporan sementara praktikum pengamatan pestisida anorganik
Laporan sementara praktikum pengamatan pestisida anorganik.
Dokumentasi Pembuatan Pestisida Organik
Dokumentasi Macam-macam Pestisida Anorganik

44
45
46
61
62
63
65