1.2₂.

Cooling of Fluids in Tube Flow : Locally Varying h

Apply the conditions of Model I (plug flow) and rederive the expression for
temperature change when the heat transfer coefficient is not constant but varies according to
the law

h = 𝛾/√𝑧

Answer : ψ = exp(-2β√𝑧) , 𝛽 = (2𝜋𝑅𝛾)/(𝑉₀𝐴𝜌𝐶𝑝 )

 Panas Masuk = Q│𝑍 Q = m .𝐶𝑝 . ∆𝑇

Q = 𝜌 . 𝑉 . 𝐶𝑝 . 𝑇𝑍 V = 𝑉0 . 𝐴

Q = . 𝐶𝑝 . 𝑇𝑧 . 𝑉0 . 𝐴

Q = 𝑉0 . 𝐴 . 𝜌 . 𝐶𝑝 . 𝑇𝑧 .

 Panas Keluar = Q│𝑍+∆𝑍 Q = m .𝐶𝑝 . ∆𝑇

Q = 𝜌 . 𝑉 . 𝐶𝑝 . 𝑇𝑍+∆𝑍

Q = . 𝐶𝑝 . 𝑇𝑍+∆𝑍 . 𝑉0 . 𝐴

Q = 𝑉0 . 𝐴 . 𝜌 . 𝐶𝑝 . 𝑇𝑍+∆𝑍

 Panas melalui dinding secara konveksi = h .A .∆𝑇

= h . (2𝜋 𝑟 Δ𝑧) . (𝑇𝑍 − 𝑇𝑤 )
𝛾
= − . (2𝜋𝑟∆𝑧)( 𝑇𝑍 − 𝑇𝑤 )
√𝑧
Asumsi:
1. Steady State
2. Sifat Fisik (𝜌 ; 𝐶𝑝 ; Ĥ = 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛 )
3. Temperature dinding konstan = 𝑇𝑤 ( 𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑎ℎ 𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑧)
4. Panas masuk konstan dengan nilai 𝑇0
5. Sumber panas dalam system tidak ada ( Gen = 0 )

Neraca Panas = Input – Output + Generation – Consumtion = Accumulation

Neraca Panas⟶ Input = Output

𝛾 1
𝑉0 . 𝐴 . 𝜌 . 𝐶𝑝 . 𝑇(𝑍) - 𝑉0 . 𝐴 . 𝜌 . 𝐶𝑝 . 𝑇(𝑍+∆𝑍 ) - . (2𝜋𝑟∆𝑧)( 𝑇𝑍 − 𝑇𝑤 ) = 0 ×
√𝑧 𝜌 . 𝐴 . 𝑉₀ . 𝐶𝑝 . ∆𝑧
𝑇(𝑍) − 𝑇(𝑍+∆𝑍 ) (2𝜋 𝑟 γ)
- . ( 𝑇𝑍 − 𝑇𝑤 ) = 0
Δ𝑧 𝑉0 .𝐴 .𝜌 .𝐶𝑝 .√𝑍

𝑇(𝑍+∆𝑍 ) −𝑇(𝑍) (2𝜋 𝑟 γ)

lim ( ) = lim [- . ( 𝑇𝑍 − 𝑇𝑤 )]
Δ𝑧→0 Δ𝑧 Δ𝑧→0 𝑉0 .𝐴 .𝜌 .𝐶𝑝 .√𝑍

𝑑𝑇(𝑍) (2𝜋 𝑟 γ)
= (- . ( 𝑇𝑍 − 𝑇𝑤 ))
𝑑𝑧 𝑉0 .𝐴 .𝜌 .𝐶𝑝 .√𝑍

𝑑𝑇(𝑍) 𝑑 (𝑇𝑍 −𝑇𝑤 )

Dimana : =
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
(2𝜋 𝑟 γ)
𝛽=
𝑉0 .𝐴 .𝜌 .𝐶𝑝

𝑑 (𝑇𝑍 −𝑇𝑤 ) 𝛽
=− ( 𝑇𝑍 − 𝑇𝑤 )
𝑑𝑧 √𝑧
𝑑 (𝑇𝑍 −𝑇𝑤 ) 1
ʃ = −𝛽 ʃ 𝑑𝑧
(𝑇𝑍 −𝑇𝑤 ) √𝑍

ln (𝑇𝑍 − 𝑇𝑤 ) = −𝛽 (2√𝑧 + 𝐶
BC.1 → z = 0 → 𝑇(𝑍) = 𝑇(0) = 𝑇₀
(2𝜋 𝑟 γ)
ln (T₀ - 𝑇𝑤 ) = .𝐶
𝑉0 .𝐴 .𝜌 .𝐶𝑝

𝜌 .𝐴 .𝑉₀ .𝐶𝑝
C = ln (T₀ - 𝑇𝑤 ) .
2𝜋𝑟𝛾

4𝜋𝑟𝛾√𝑧 2𝜋𝑟𝛾 𝜌 .𝐴 .𝑉0 . 𝐶𝑝

𝑙𝑛 (𝑇(𝑧) − 𝑇𝑤 ) = − + ∙ ln(𝑇0 − 𝑇𝑊 ) ∙
𝜌 .𝐴 .𝑉₀ .𝐶𝑝 𝜌 .𝐴 .𝑉0 .𝐶𝑝 2𝜋𝑟𝛾
 4𝜋𝑟𝛾√𝑧
ln (𝑇(𝑧) − 𝑇𝑤 ) ln (𝑇0 − 𝑇𝑤 ) = −
𝜌 .𝐴 .𝑉0 .𝐶𝑝

𝑇(𝑧) −𝑇𝑤 4𝜋𝑟𝛾√𝑧

ln ( )=−
𝑇0 −𝑇𝑤 𝜌 .𝐴 .𝑉0 .𝐶𝑝

𝑇(𝑧) −𝑇𝑤 4𝜋𝑟𝛾√𝑧

( ) = exp(− )
𝑇0 −𝑇𝑤 𝜌 .𝐴 .𝑉0 .𝐶𝑝

𝑇(𝑧) −𝑇𝑤
Dimana : ψ =
𝑇0 −𝑇𝑤

4𝜋𝑟𝛾√𝑧
Jadi, ψ = exp(− )
𝜌 .𝐴 .𝑉0 .𝐶𝑝

(2𝜋 𝑟 γ)
= exp (−2 ∙ ∙ √𝑧)
𝑉0 .𝐴 .𝜌 .𝐶𝑝

= exp (−2𝛽 √𝑧)

LEVEL 2

Asumsi:

1. Panas masuk =𝑅 2 𝑞(𝑥)

2. Panas keluar = 𝑅 2 𝑞(𝑥 + 𝑥)
3. Panas keluar melalui permukaan tabung = 2Rxℎ𝐺 (T-𝑇0 )
Neraca panas ; Panas masuk = panas keluar
𝑅 2 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑅 2 𝑞(𝑥 + 𝑥) + 2Rxℎ𝐺 (T-𝑇0 )
1
𝑅 2 𝑞(𝑥) − 𝑅 2 𝑞(𝑥 + 𝑥) + 2𝑅𝑥ℎ𝐺 (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) = 0 Dikali
 𝑅 2 𝑥
𝑞(𝑥) 𝑞(𝑥 + 𝑥) 2ℎ𝐺 (𝑇 − 𝑇0 )
− + =0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑅
𝑞|𝑥 + 𝑥|𝑥 2ℎ𝐺 (𝑇 − 𝑇0 )
+ =0
𝑥 𝑅
∆𝑞 2ℎ𝐺
lim + lim (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) = 0
𝑋→0 ∆0 ∆𝑥→0 𝑅

𝑑𝑞 2ℎ𝐺
+ (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑅
𝑑𝑇
Defenisikan q= −𝑘 𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑇 2ℎ𝐺
−𝑘 + (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑅
𝑑 2 𝑇 2ℎ𝐺
𝑘 2= (𝑇 − 𝑇0 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑅
 𝑑2 𝑇 2ℎ𝐺
= (𝑇 − 𝑇0 )
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑘𝑅
𝑑 𝑑𝑇 2ℎ𝐺
( )= (𝑇 − 𝑇0 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑘𝑅
𝑑𝑇 2ℎ𝐺
∫𝑑( )= (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑘𝑅
𝑑𝑇 2ℎ𝐺
= (𝑇 − 𝑇0 )𝑥 + 𝐶1
𝑑𝑥 𝑘𝑅
𝑑𝑇
BC 1: 𝑥 = 𝐿2 ≅0
𝑑𝑥
2ℎ𝐺 𝐿2
0= (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) + 𝐶1
𝑘𝑅
2ℎ𝐺 𝐿2
𝐶1 = − (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) + 𝐶1
𝑘𝑅
2ℎ𝐺 𝑥 2 2ℎ𝐺
𝑇= ((𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) − (𝑇 − 𝑇0 )𝐿2 𝑥 + 𝑇1
𝑘𝑅 2 𝑘𝑅
𝜕𝑌
RUMUS KONDUKSI; 𝑄 = −𝑘𝐴 𝜕𝑥 |𝑥 = 0

2ℎ𝐺 𝑥
𝑄 = −𝑘𝑅 2 ∫ (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) ( − 𝐿2 ) + 𝑇1
𝑘𝑅 2
Karena x=0 maka
𝑄 = −2ℎ𝐺 𝑅 2 (𝑇 − 𝑇0 )(−𝐿2 )
𝑄 = 2𝑅ℎ𝐺 𝐿2 (𝑇 − 𝑇0 )