KELAINAN DAN
PENYAKIT JARINGAN
KERAS GIGI,
HISTOPATOLOGI DAN
TANDA-TANDA KLINIS
EMAIL (ENAMEL) ?
Terbentuk oleh : ameloblasts,
Sedikit perluasan kearah
dentinoenamel junction : Tomes
processes.
Sel embrionik : ectoderm
Jaringan aseluler yang
termineralisasi dan melingkupi
mahkota anatomis gigi
Ketebalan bervariasi pada area
yang berbeda
EMAIL (ENAMEL) ?
Bersifat getas : tahan
terhadap wear
Membran semipermeable
Warna :
kekuningan : lebih
translusen, lebih homogen,
terkalsifikasi lebih baik
Ke abu-abuan : lebih opak,
kurang homogen, kurang
terkalsifikasi
KOMPOSISI
Highly mineralized crystalline structure 95-98%
Komponen inorganik (by weight)
hydroxyapatite (HA), present 90-92% by volume .
Kalsium karbonat
Magnesium karbonat
Strontium
Komponen organik
Enamel – sulfihydil groups
Keratin
Protein (serin, glutamic acid, glycine
Acid mucopolysaccharides
Air
Jaringan Kandunga Kandunga
n n
komponen komponen
inorganik organik
(%) (%)
Email 96 4
Dentin 70 30
Sementum 45-50 50-55
STRUKTUR EMAIL
Striae of Retzius – in longitudinal sections they are a series of
dark lines extending from the DEJ toward the tooth surface
forms becuase of a weekly rhythm of enamel production
resulting in structural alterations of the rods
OR could be due to appositional deposition of successive
layers of enamel
Cross striations – forms at 4µm intervals across the rods
rhythmicity??
Bands of Hunter and Schreger – optical phenomenon
produced by the changing orientations of adjacent groups of rod
Gnarled enamel
Enamel tufts and lamellae – no clinical significance
like geological faults
project from the DEJ for a short distance into the enamel
branched and contain greater concentrations of enamel that
the rest of the enamel
abrupt changes in the directions of the rods arising from the
DEJ
CROSS STRIATION
Pita periodik sepanjang enamel rod
Enamel rod : seperti tangga dengan cross striation
sepanjang tangga
Deposisi email : 4µm/hari
STRIAE OF RETZIUS
17
ROD AND INTERROD ENAMEL
The Tomes’process organizes enamel
crystallites into rod enamel(prism = about
100 crystallites) and interrod enamel.
Enamel crystallites that elongate near the
tip of the Tomes’process form the rod enamel.
Crystallites that lengthen near the
intercellular junctions form the interrod
enamel.
The rod enamel and interrod enamel differ in
the orientation of their crystallites
Tome’s
processus
Rod
Tome’s enamel
processus
Tome’s Inter rod
processus enamel
Tome’s
processus
ENAMEL RODS
5-12 juta / gigi, pendek di
daerah servik, pit dan fisur
Diameter : rata-rata 4µm
23
SURFACE STRUCTURES
PERIKYMATA
They are transverse, wavelike grooves, believed
to be the external manifestations of the striae of
retzius.
Hipoplasi email
Enamel pearl
Abrasi
Erosi
Abfraksi
Fraktur
Diskolorasi
AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Kerusakan bersifat herediter, terdiri dari 3 tipe :
1. Tipe hipoplastik
2. Tipe hipomineralisasi
3. Tipe hipomaturasi
Penampakan klinis :
Warna berubah mulai dari kekuningan hingga coklat gelap
Menyebabkan perubahan pada seluruh gigi
Open contacts
Abrasi pada permukaan oklusal/insisal
Smooth atau mungkin nampak adanya vertical groove
Konsistensi : keju (cheesy) atau mungkin keras
hypoplastic (a, b, c, d),
• dysmineralised (e : enamel soft, rough ; f : Rod
distropy)
• hypomature (g, h : enamel of normal thickness and
hardness but with a white-ish surface. They may be
HIPOPLASI EMAIL
Kerusakan pada pembentukan matriks organik dari email
Terdiri dari 2 tipe : herediter dan lingkungan
Trauma
Karies
gigi : email
menjadi fraktur karena
pembebanan oklusal
DISKOLORASI
FAKTOR EKSTRINSIK FAKTOR INTRINSIK
Perubahan warna
Peningkatan permeabilitas