CAUSE AND EFFECT

Istilah cause and effect atau sebab dan akibat adalah istilah yang sudah anda dengar sejak SD, tapi
penggunaanya dapat dipakai hingga dunia kerja. Kalimat yang mengandung unsur sebab-akibat
biasanya melibatkan sebuah kegiatan yang membuat sesuatu terjadi, dan akibat dari kegiatan
tersebut.

Untuk lebih memahami penggunaan kalimat sebab akibat dalam bahasa inggris, simak
penjelasan di bawah:

Cause

 (noun) seseorang atau sesuatu yang membuat sesuatu terjadi.

The cause of the flood was the massive of amount garbage thrown in the river. (Penyebab dari
banjir itu adalah banyaknya sampah yang dibuang ke sungai.)

 (verb) sebuah kegiatan yang membuat sesuatu terjadi.

The massive amount of garbage thrown in the river caused the flood. (Banyaknya sampah yang
dibuang ke sungai menyebabkan banjir ini.)

Effect

 (noun) sebuah perubahan yang merupakan hasil dari sebuah kegiatan atau sebab.

The rain had an effect on her mood. (Hujan mempunyai pengaruh pada mood-nya.)

Affect

Ketika effect digunakan sebagai verb, kata tersebut berubah menjadi affect.

 (verb) untuk menghasilkan sebuah efek; menyebabkan terjadinya sesuatu.

The rain affected his mood. (Hujan mempengaruhi mood-nya.

Kalimat Sebab-akibat dalam Bahasa Inggris

Anda biasanya dapat dengan mudah mengidentifikasi kalimat yang mengandung hubungan
sebab-akibat bila dalam kalimat tersebut terdapat kata atau frasa seperti:

 Due to
 Because of

 Owing to

 Thanks to

 As a consequence of

 As a result of
  Because

 Since

 As

 For

 etc.

Untuk mengekspresikan cause dan effect dalam bahasa inggris, kalimat atau frasa di atas biasanya
akan diikuti dengan kata benda (noun) atau kata kerja (verb).

Kalimat sebab-akibat yang diikuti oleh noun

Kata sebab akibat yang diikuti dengan noun atau noun phrase biasanya menggunakan kata
atau frasa (signal word/phase) seperti :

 Because of
 Thanks to

 As a result of

 Due to

 As a consequence of

 Owing to

Di contoh berikutnya noun atau noun phrase akan digaris bawahi. Sebab atau cause selalu ditulis
setelah frasa sebab-akibat (signal word/phase) seperti contoh di atas. Di bawah ini adalah pola yang
biasa digunakan:

Signal word/phrase + Cause + Effect

atau
Effect + Signal word/phrase + Cause

Contoh:

1. Due to Bella’s nervousness, she did not pass the driving test.

Karena kegugupan Bella, dia tidak lulus ujian menyetir.

 Signal phrase: due to

 Cause: Bella’s nervousness

 Effect: She did not pass the driving test

2. He’s always late because of his gaming habits

Dia selalu telat karena kebiasaan bermain game-nya.

 Signal phrase: Because of

  Cause: His gaming habits

 Effect : He’s always late

3. As a result of the rain, we canceled the outing.

Karena hujan, kita membatalkan pikinik itu.

 Signal phrase: As a result of

 Cause: the rain

 Effect : we canceled the outing

4. Dennis could not sing owing to his sore throat

Dennis tidak bisa bernyanyi karena sakit tenggorakanya

 Signal phrase: owing to

 Cause: his sore throat

 Effect : Dennis could not sing

5. She was dismissed as a consequence of her ignorance

Dia diberhentikan karena ketidaktahuanya.

 Signal phrase: as a consequence of

 Cause: her ignorance

 Effect : She was dismissed

Kalimat sebab-akibat yang diikuti oleh verb

Kata sebab akibat yang diikuti dengan subjek + verb atau verb phrase biasanya
menggunakan kata atau frasa (signal word/phase) seperti :

 Because
 Since

 As

 For

Di contoh berikutnya subjek + verb atau verb phrase akan digaris bawahi. Sebab
atau cause selalu ditulis setelah frasa sebab-akibat (signal word/phase) seperti contoh di atas. Di
bawah ini adalah pola yang biasa digunakan:

Signal word/phrase + Cause + Effect

atau
Effect + Signal word/phrase + Cause
Contoh:

1. Because Bella was nervous, she did not pass the driving test

Karena Bella gugup, dia tidak lulus ujian tes mengemudi.

 Signal phrase: because

 Cause: Bella was nervous

 Effect: She did not pass the driving test

2. He’s always late because he always stay up at night

Dia selalu telat karena dia selalu begadang

 Signal phrase: Because

 Cause: he always stay up at night

 Effect : He’s always late

3. The outing was canceled since it’s raining

Piknik itu dibatalkan karena hujan.

 Signal phrase: since

 Cause: it’s raining

 Effect : the outing was canceled

4. Dennis could not sing for his throat is sore

Dennis tidak bisa bernyanyi karena sakit tenggorakanya

 Signal phrase: for

 Cause: his throat is sore

 Effect : Dennis could not sing

5. She was dismissed as a consequence of her ignorance

Dia diberhentikan karena ketidaktahuanya.

 Signal phrase: as a consequence of

 Cause: her ignorance

 Effect : She was dismissed

Complete the sentences by using Causal Conjunction Because or Because of!

1. …. the cold weather, we stayed home.
(…. cuaca dingin, kami tinggal di rumah.)
Jawaban: Because of
2. …… his hard work, he is now a very successful businessman.
(…… kerja kerasnya, dia sekarang adalah pengusaha yang sangat sukses.)
Jawaban: Because of
3. ……. his lack of courage, Nathan didn’t participate in the competition.
(……. Kurang keberaniannya, Nathan tidak berpartisipasi dalam kompetisi.)
Jawaban: Because of
4. ……. my car was stolen, I will have to rent a car for the next few days.
(……. mobil saya dicuri, saya harus menyewa mobil untuk beberapa hari ke depan.)
Jawaban: Because
5. ……. the change in the weather, we have decided not to go to the parade.
(……. perubahan cuaca, kami telah memutuskan untuk tidak pergi ke parade.)
Jawaban: Because of
6. ……. the lights don’t work, you’ll need a flashlight when you go down into the basement.
(……. lampu tidak berfungsi, Anda akan membutuhkan senter saat turun ke ruang bawah tanah.)
Jawaban: Because
7. …….I lost mine, I am going to ask my friend if I can borrow his calculator for the
tomorrows exam.
(……. Saya kehilangan milik saya, saya akan bertanya kepada teman saya apakah saya bisa
meminjam kalkulatornya untuk ujian besok.)
Jawaban: Because
8. …….its facilities serve the public very well, this hotel is highly rated.
(……. fasilitasnya melayani masyarakat dengan sangat baik, hotel ini sangat disukai.)
Jawaban: Because
9. …..her sickness, She didn’t go to the supermarket
(….. penyakitnya, Dia tidak pergi ke supermarket)
Jawaban: Because of
10. All the flights were cancelled …….the harsh weather conditions.
(Semua penerbangan dibatalkan ……. kondisi cuaca buruk.)
Jawaban: Because of
11. Diane missed her flight ……. a traffic delay on her way to the airport.
(Diane ketinggalan pesawat ……. keterlambatan lalu lintas dalam perjalanan ke bandara.)
Jawaban: Because of
12. Gareth could pass the examination …… he studied hard.
(Gareth bisa lulus ujian …… dia belajar keras.)
Jawaban: Because
13. He can’t walk ……. arthritis.
(Dia tidak bisa berjalan ……. radang sendi.)
Jawaban: Because of
14. He can’t drive …….. his illness
(Dia tidak bisa menyetir …….. penyakitnya)
Jawaban: Because of
15. He couldn’t run ……. his old age.
(Dia tidak bisa berlari ……. usia tuanya.)
Jawaban: Because of
16. He crashed his car …….. he was driving too fast
(Dia menabrakkan mobilnya …….. dia mengemudi terlalu cepat)
Jawaban: Because
17. He found working in Japan very difficult ……… the language problem
(Dia merasa bekerja di Jepang sangat sulit ……… masalah bahasa)
Jawaban: Because of
18. He got an accident yesterday ……. he drove his car too fast.
(Dia mengalami kecelakaan kemarin ……. dia mengendarai mobilnya terlalu cepat.)
Jawaban: Because
19. He lost his driving licence ……… he was convicted of drinking and driving
(Dia kehilangan SIMnya ……… dia dihukum karena minum dan mengemudi)
Jawaban: Because
20. He met with an accident ……. he was driving too fast.
(Dia bertemu dengan kecelakaan ……. dia mengemudi terlalu cepat.)
Jawaban: Because
21. He’s very difficult to understand ……… his accent
(Dia sangat sulit untuk memahami ……… aksennya)
Jawaban: Because of
22. I am late ……. the traffic
(Saya terlambat ……. lalu lintas)
Jawaban: Because of
23. I am not allowed into the club …….I am not 21 years old yet.
(Saya tidak diizinkan masuk ke klub ……. Saya belum berusia 21 tahun.)
Jawaban: Because
24. I came back ……..I’d forgotten my briefcase.
(Saya kembali …….. Saya lupa tas saya.)
Jawaban: Because
25. I came here ……. I want to talk to you.
(Saya datang ke sini ……. saya ingin berbicara dengan Anda.)
Jawaban: Because
26. I cannot come …….the weather.
(Saya tidak bisa datang ……. cuaca.)
Jawaban: Because of
27. I couldn’t arrive on time ……. I missed the train.
(Saya tidak bisa tiba tepat waktu ……. saya ketinggalan kereta.)
Jawaban: Because
28. I couldn’t understand him ……. his strange accent.
(Saya tidak bisa memahaminya ……. aksennya yang aneh.)
Jawaban: Because of
29. I couldn’t attend the meeting ……. I was very ill.
(Saya tidak bisa menghadiri pertemuan ……. Saya sakit parah.)
Jawaban: Because
30. I don’t go to school……I am sick.
(Saya tidak pergi ke sekolah …… Saya sakit.)
Jawaban: Because
31. I had to take the bus …….my car broke down.
(Saya harus naik bus ……. mobil saya mogok.)
Jawaban: Because
32. I prefer driving …….I am afraid of flying.
(Saya lebih suka mengemudi ……. Saya takut terbang.)
Jawaban: Because
33. I was late this morning ………the traffic.
(Saya terlambat pagi ini ……… lalu lintas.)
Jawaban: Because of
34. I’m asking you ………I want to know your opinion.
(Saya meminta Anda ……… Saya ingin tahu pendapat Anda.)
Jawaban: Because
35. It was all …….. her that we got into trouble
(Itu semua …….. dia yang membuat kami kesulitan)
Jawaban: Because of
36. It was difficult for me to get a loan …….my unstable employment.
(Sulit bagi saya untuk mendapatkan pinjaman ……. pekerjaan saya yang tidak stabil.)
Jawaban: Because of
37. John crashed his Truck …….he was driving too fast.
(John menabrak Truknya ……. dia mengemudi terlalu cepat.)
Jawaban: Because
38. Leila left early ……. she was tired.
(Leila pergi lebih awal ……. dia lelah.)
Jawaban: Because
39. Paul had a terrible accident ……. he was driving fast.
(Paul mengalami kecelakaan mengerikan ……. dia mengemudi dengan kencang.)
Jawaban: Because
40. Paul moved to Paris ……..his job.
(Paul pindah ke Paris …….. pekerjaannya.)
Jawaban: Because of
41. Sarah wants to go to the salon today ……. her hair needs a trim.
(Sarah ingin pergi ke salon hari ini ……. rambutnya perlu rapi.)
Jawaban: Because
42. School was cancelled ……. the weather.
(Sekolah dibatalkan ……. cuaca.)
Jawaban: Because of
43. She can’t drive ……..her blindness.
(Dia tidak bisa menyetir …….. kebutaannya.)
Jawaban: Because of
44. She could only eat a salad in the restaurant …… she is a vegetarian
(Dia hanya bisa makan salad di restoran …… dia vegetarian)
Jawaban: Because
45. She didn’t pass the test ……. she hadn’t studied well.
(Dia tidak lulus ujian ……. dia belum belajar dengan baik.)
Jawaban: Because
46. She found the exam easy …….. she had worked hard during the course
(Dia mendapati ujiannya mudah …….. dia telah bekerja keras selama kursus)
Jawaban: Because
47. She got the best grades ……. she had worked hard.
(Dia mendapat nilai terbaik ……. dia telah bekerja keras.)
Jawaban: Because
48. She passed the test ……. her teacher.
(Dia lulus ujian ……. gurunya.)
Jawaban: Because of
49. She passed the test ……. she had a good teacher.
(Dia lulus ujian ……. dia punya guru yang baik.)
Jawaban: Because
50. Sorry! I am late ……. the traffic.
(Maaf! Saya terlambat ……. lalu lintas.)
Jawaban: Because of
51. The bank closed down …….the recession.
(Bank ditutup ……. resesi.)
Jawaban: Because of
52. The company won’t hire him ……. he tested positive for drugs.
(Perusahaan tidak akan mempekerjakannya ……. dia dinyatakan positif menggunakan narkoba.)
Jawaban: Because
53. The doctors said that the man’s death was ……. heart failure.
(Para dokter mengatakan bahwa kematian pria itu adalah ……. gagal jantung.)
Jawaban: Because of
54. The door doesn’t close properly ……. it’s broken.
(Pintunya tidak menutup dengan benar ……. rusak.)
Jawaban: Because of
55. The government banned that movie ……. the public opinion was against it.
(Pemerintah melarang film itu ……. opini publik menentangnya.)
Jawaban: Because
56. The meeting was postponed b……. the bad weather.
(Pertemuan ditunda b ……. cuaca buruk.)
Jawaban: Because of
57. The newspaper was prosecuted …….. an article about the Government
(Surat kabar itu dituntut …….. sebuah artikel tentang Pemerintah)
Jawaban: Because of
58. The president resigned from his duty …….health issues.
(Presiden mengundurkan diri dari tugasnya ……. masalah kesehatan.)
Jawaban: Because of
59. The restaurant closed down …….. the recession
(Restoran ditutup …….. resesi)
Jawaban: Because of
60. The teacher thinks the students didn’t learn the lesson well enough ……. they weren’t
listening to her.
(Guru berpikir bahwa siswa tidak belajar dengan cukup baik ……. mereka tidak mendengarkannya.)
Jawaban: Because
61. Their new product didn’t sell well ……. its poor quality.
(Produk baru mereka tidak laku ……. kualitasnya buruk.)
Jawaban: Because of
62. There have been a lot of problems in Britain …….. mad cow disease
(Ada banyak masalah di Inggris …….. penyakit sapi gila)
Jawaban: Because of
63. They came to London …….. he got a job there
(Mereka datang ke London …….. dia mendapat pekerjaan di sana)
Jawaban: Because
64. They moved to Liverpool ……… her job
(Mereka pindah ke Liverpool ……… pekerjaannya)
Jawaban: Because of
65. They were looking for a Japanese restaurant ……. they wanted to eat sushi for dinner.
(Mereka mencari restoran Jepang ……. mereka ingin makan sushi untuk makan malam.)
Jawaban: Because
66. Thousands of people lost their jobs ……. the recession.
(Ribuan orang kehilangan pekerjaan mereka ……. resesi.)
Jawaban: Because of
67. Tom is very difficult to understand ………..his weird accent.
(Tom sangat sulit dimengerti ……….. aksennya yang aneh.)
Jawaban: Because of
68. We cancelled the trip ……. bad weather.
(Kami membatalkan perjalanan ……. cuaca buruk.)
Jawaban: Because of
69. We didn’t arrive until seven o’clock …….. the traffic was terrible
(Kami tidak tiba sampai jam tujuh …….. lalu lintas sangat buruk)
Jawaban: Because
70. We got into trouble………you.
(Kami mendapat masalah ……… kamu.)
Jawaban: Because of
71. We had to hurry indoors …… it was raining
(Kami harus bergegas di dalam ruangan …… hujan turun)
Jawaban: Because
72. We hurried indoors ……. it was raining.
(Kami bergegas di dalam ruangan ……. saat itu hujan.)
Jawaban: Because
73. We see each other almost every day …….we are in the same class.
(Kami saling bertemu hampir setiap hari ……. kami berada di kelas yang sama.)
Jawaban: Because
74. We stopped playing football ……….the rain.
(Kami berhenti bermain sepak bola ………. hujan.)
Jawaban: Because of
75. We stopped playing tennis ……. the rain
(Kami berhenti bermain tenis ……. hujan)
Jawaban: Because of
76. We were bored …… the speech was too long.
(Kami bosan …… pidato itu terlalu lama.)
Jawaban: Because

Asking help
Formal
Could you possibly help me?
Could I possibly ask you to help me?
Would you be willing to help me?
Could you do me a favor, please?
Could you help me for a second?
I wonder if you could help me with this?
I could do with some help, please.
Could you spare a moment?
I need some help, please.
Could you give me a hand?
Would you mind helping me out?
Could you help me please?
I need some assistance please.
Would you help me?

Informal
Can you help me, please?
I can't manage. Can you help?
Give me a hand with this, will you?
Lend me a hand with this, will you?
Let me give you my hand.
Can you give me a hand with this?
Can I ask a favour?
Can you help me?
Help me please.
I really need you help
Do me a favor, please

Offering help
Formal
Would you like some help?
May I help you?
May I offer my assistance?
Could I help you?
What can I do for you?
What shall I do for you?
I’ll be glad to help?

Informal
Can I help you?
Need any help?
Do you need a hand?
Can I give you a hand?
Do you need any help?
Can I do anything to help?
Do you need any help?

Giving help
Formal
I’d like to help you.
I’d be happy to help you.
Sure. what can I do for you?
Sure. I would be glad to help you
Informal
I will do it for you.
Let me help you.
Yes, I can help you
Yes, no problem.
Yes. How can I help you?

ASKING, GIVING, OFFERING HELP

Accepting (Offering help)
How kind of you! Thank you very much.
That’s very good of you!
That’s terribly kind,. Thank you very much.
Yes, please do.
What a good idea!
Yes, please.
Thanks. That would be excellent.
Yes.

Accepting (Giving help)

You are so kind! Thanks
Thanks a lot
Thank you

Refusing help
Refusing (Offering help)
No, you don’t need to.
Don’t bother yourself, thanks.
No, thank you.
That’s very kind, but I can manage myself.
That’s very kind of you, but I don’t think it’s necessary.

Refusing (Giving help)

I am sorry, I can’t help you now
Sorry, I am busy right now
I wish I could help you but I have to do some important tasks.

Example
Jacob: What are you doing, Bal?
Iqbal: I’m replying e-mail from client and writing 10 articles about English expression.
Jacob: Wow, you are so busy, right
Iqbal: Yeah. I’m so stressful.
Jacob: Can I give you a hand?
Iqbal: Really? You must be kidding me.
Jacob: I’m so serious, Bal. How?
Iqbal: Thank you so much, Jacob. I appreciate your help.
Jacob: most welcome, Iqbal.

Translate
Jacob: Apa yang kamu lakukan, Bal?
Iqbal: Saya membalas e -mail dari klien dan menulis 10 artikel tentang ekspresi
bahasa Inggris.
Jacob: Wow, Kamu begitu sibuk
Iqbal: Ya. Aku jadi stress.
Jacob: Dapatkah saya membantumu?
Iqbal: Benarkah? Kamu pasti bercanda.
Jacob: Aku sangat serius, Bal. Bagaimana?
Iqbal: Terima kasih banyak, Jacob. Saya menghargai bantuan Anda.
Jacob: Sama-sama, Iqbal.

Contoh Percakapan 1

Afiqa: Can you help me plan the office party?

Naisha: Sure, What do you need the most help with, the food or entertainment?
Afiqa: I need help with food.
Naisha: OK, well, let's coordinate our efforts. Should this party be formal or casual?
Afiqa: I think it should be casual.
Naisha: I agree. Next, we have to decide on food. We have a choice of Chinese or
Continental Cuisine. Which one should we have?
Afiqa: I would prefer Chinese food for this party.
Naisha: Perfect choice. For music, should we have a live band or a DJ?
Afiqa: I think we should hire a live band.
Naisha: Well, I will work on my part and get back to you with my progress on Friday.

Contoh Percakapan 2

Guest: Excuse me, but can you help me?

Staff: Of course ma’am, what can I do for you?
Guest: Someone just stole my purse off my shoulder outside the hotel.
Staff: Are you OK?
Guest: Yes, just shaken up a bit.
Staff: Why don’t you sit down here and I’ll call the police for you.
Guest: Thank you; I appreciate your help.
Guest: I don’t understand what the taxi driver is trying to say. Could you translate for
me?
Staff: Of course sir, I’d be delighted to help.

Exercise: Answer the following questions!

Bryan: Nugy, where are you?
Nugy: I’m in the house. What’s matter?
Bryan: oh _____________ .
Nugy: I’d like to help you. For what?
1. Complete the dialogue above with suitable expression ....
A.Would you like some help?
B. Sorry, I can’t help you
C. Could I possibly ask you to help me?
D. Let me help you
E. No, you don’t need to help

Romy: May I help you ?

Deny: Hmmm. Don’t bother yourself, thanks.
2. The underlined sentence express ....
A. Asking help
B. Giving help
C. Offering help
D. Refusing an offer
E. Accepting an offer

Elsa: Will you help me to build a snowman?

Olaf: Yes, of course. _____ .
3. Complete the dialogue above ....
A. I won’t
B. I will
C. I will not
D. Will I?
E. Shall I?

Complete the dialogue below (for questions number 4 and 5)

Mr Iqbal: Jon, come here please!
Andy: Yes, sir. I'm coming.
Mr Iqbal: (4) __________ the goods to the shop, please?
Andy: With pleasure, sir.
Mr Iqbal: Don't forget to put into the correct case!
Andy: (5) ______, sir.
Mr Iqbal: Thanks.
4. The suitable expression is ....
A. Can you bring
B. Can I bring
C. May I bring
D. Don't bring
E. I would like to bring

5. The suitable expression is ....

A. Sorry, I can't
B. I wish I could help you
C. I'm bussy
D. I need some help
E. Don't worry
 OFFERING AND RESPONDING HELP
There are some ways to offer helps and to respond them. For example:

 May I help you?

 Can I help you?
 Are you looking for something?
 Would you like some help?
 Do you need some help?
 What can I do for you today?
OFFERING HELP
Or offering to do something for someone.

If we classify into their level of formality (situation), consider the speaker and listener, here they are:

INFORMAL NEUTRAL FORMAL

Can I help u?

Let me help you …

Shall I …
If you like I could …
What can I do to help …?
Would you like any help …?
Is there anything I can do …?
I will …zx
May I be of assistant?
Need some help? Might I help at all?
I’ll do it for you. Perhaps I could assist in some
way?
Want a hand …?
If we can be any of assistance,
Can I help out? please do not hesitate to contact
us again.
You look like you could do with
some help… (usually for written)

RESPONDING HELP
To respond help, people may accept or refuse an offer of helps. The common respons for help is
“Thank you”. The examples of the responses are:

ACCEPTING AN OFFER OF HELPS:

NEUTRAL INFORMAL FORMAL

Cheers!

That’s very kind of you. Thanks very much.

You’re most kind.
Yes, please. Just what I needed …!
That’s extremely
If you’re sure it’s no trouble. Lovely! / Great! kind/good/thoughtful of you.

REFUSING AN OFFER OF HELP

NEUTRAL INFORMAL FORMAL

No, thank you.

No, really, I can manage.

It’s very good of you to offer, but
That’s very kind f you, but … …

Don’t think so, thank you. Please don’t trouble yourself

No, it’s OK. Thanks about …
No, it’s all right, really.
Thanks a lot, but … That’s extremely kind of you, but
Thank you for offering, but …
… Nice thought, but …
I’m very grateful for your offer.
No, don’t bother, really. No, don’t worry. However, …

Soal Exercise Bahasa Inggris Asking and Offering for Help

I. Read carefully and answer the questions

Ara : Good afternoon Mrs.Tina.
Mrs. Tina : Good afternoon Ara. What are you doing?
Ara : I’m looking for a book. Could you do a favor for me
Mrs. Tina : What is it?
Ara : I need a book about science. Would you mind showing me it?
Mrs. Tina : No, of course not. Can you look for it on the shelf over there?
Ara : Umm… I have searched it but I haven’t found it. Would you please look for it
together?
Mrs. Tina : I have two books of science. Both of them are “My body science” and “A
Philosopher looks al science”. Do you like both of them?
Ara : Really? Can you lend me the second one, please?
Mrs. Tina : I’ll lend you if you give it back soon.
Ara : Certainly. I’ll return it immediately. Thank you.
Mrs. Tina : You’re welcome.

Questions:

1. Where does the conversation take place?

2. What is Ara looking for?
3. How many books does Mrs. Tina have?
4. Which book does Ara borrow?
5. “I have searched it…..” What does the underlined word mean?
6. “Would you mind showing me it?” What does the underlined word refer to?

II. Read carefully and answer the questions

Rahma : Excuse me, Ma’am.

Teacher : Yes, Rahma. What’s up ?
Rahma : Ma’am. I’m a little bit confused with question number three. Would you be kind
enough to explain me more about it ?
Teacher : Let’s ask the others first
Rahma : O.K.
Teacher : Listen, class. Rahma has a problem with question number three. Can any of you help
Rahma ? What about you Gilang ?
Gilang : I’m really sorry Ma’am. I can’t. Finally, I don’t understand it either.
Teacher : Do you ? Well,…it seems to be everybody’s problem. All right then, I’ll explain it
once again. But first, Yandar, will you clean the blackboard ?
Yandar : Yes, Ma’am.
Teacher : Thank you.

Question :
1. Where do you think the dialog take place ?
2. What is Rahma’s problem ?
3. Can Gilang help Rahma solve her problem ? How do you know ?
4. What is Yandar asked for ?
5. Rahma said “Would you be kind enough to explain me more about it ?”
What does the word “you” refer to ?

III. You want someone to do something for you. Say it politely. Number 1 is an example.

1. Turn up the fan.

Answer : Could you turn up the fan, please?
2. Turn on the computer
Answer : …………………………………………………….
3. Turn off the television
Answer : …………………………………………………….
4. Switch off the cell phone
Answer : …………………………………………………….
 5. Switch on the computer
Answer : …………………………………………………….
6. Speak loudly
Answer : …………………………………………………….

JOB APPLICATION LETTER

Pengertian Surat Lamaran Pekerjaan

Surat lamaran pekerjaan merupakan surat dari seseorang yang membutuhkan pekerjaan kepada
oran /pejabat yang bisa memberikan pekerjaan atau jabatan. Melalui surat lamaran, pelamar
meminta supaya ia diberi pekerjaan. Surat lamaran pekerjaan bisa juga diartikan dengan surat dari
calon karyawan kepada calon majikan yang berisi permintaan supaya karyawan diberi pekerjaan
oleh calon majikan. Surat lamaran pekerjaan biasanya bersifat formal ataupun resmi, misalnya surat
untuk melamar pekerjaan menjadi karyawan ataupun jabatan tertentu sesuai pada iklan yang
ditawarkan. Dalam hal ini, pelamar dalam surat lamarannya perlu menyebutkan sumber lamaran
tersebut di alinea atau paragraf pembuka. apabila lamaran itu tidak berdasarkan pada suatu
sumber, tentu tidak diperlukan peenyebutan sumber pada alinea pembuka.

Jenis-jenis Surat Lamaran Pekerjaan

Menurut jenis pembuatannya surat lamaran pekerjaan terbagi menjadi dua, diantaranya yaitu :

1. Surat lamaran pekerjaan yang digabungkan dengan riwayat hidup (curriculum vitae). Dalam
cara ini, riwayat hiidup termasuk isi surat karena isinya berupa gabungan, cara ini juga
disebut dengan model gabungan.
2. Surat lamaran yang dipisahkan dari riwayat hidup. Dalam cara ini riwayat hidup merupakan
lampiran dan cara ini disebut dengan model terpisah.

Dalam praktek pemakain yang banyak dipakai ialah model terpisah. Walaupun dalam
pembuatannya memerlukan dua kali kerja, dan model ini lebih digemari oleh pencari kerja karena
suratnya tiidak terlalu panjang.

Unsur-unsur Penting Surat Lamaran Pekerjaan

Surat lamaran yang baik sekurang-kurangnya mempunyai ciri-ciri diantaranya yaitu :

 1. memiliki bentuk yang menarik
2. memiliki bahasa yang menarik

3. Menggambarkan kemampuan pelamar

4. Tepat pada sasaran

Hal-hal yang harus dicantumkan dalam surat lamaran pekerjaan agar tercapai tujuan
pembuatannya diantaranya :

1. Menyebutkan sumber lamaran

2. Identifikasi diri lengkap dari pelamar

Identifikasi diri lengkap dari pelaamar meliputi nama lengkap, tempat dan tanggal lahir, nomor
telepon, alamat lengkap, hand phone atau alat bantu komunikasi laiinnya. Identifikasi diri dari
pelamar harus memudahkan pihaak perusahaan menghubungi pelamar.

1. Posisi yang dikehendaki

2. Riwayat pekerjaan (bila ada)

3. Riwayat pendidikan

4. Kemampuan lain yang dimiliki

5. Referensi

Ada beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan saat pembuatan surat lamaran, yaitu sebagai berikut ini :

1. Surat lamaran ditulis tangan di atas kertas bergaris ukuran folio. Tulisan juga harus jelas,
bersih, dan juga tidak ada coretan. Surat lamaranpun bisa dibuat menggunakan mesin tik
atau komputer.
2. Pelamar menyebutkan dirinya bukan dengan kata ganti misalnya kami melainkan saya.
Pelamar wajib menyebut pimpinan instansi dengan Bapak/Ibu (jika sudah jelas
pemimpinnya). jika masih belum jelas, bisa langsung menyebutkan jabatannya.

Dalam surat lamaran pekerjaan, terdapat unsur-unsur surat, diantaranya yaitu :

1. Kepala surat
2. Salam pembuka

3. Tempat dan tanggal penulisan surat

4. Tujuan surat lamaran pekerjaan

5. Pembuka surat

6. Lampiran persyaratan yang ditentukan

7. Tanda tangan dan nama jelas pelamar

8. Penutup sura
Cara menulis surat lamaran kerja yang baik mungkin ada bermacam-macam namun secara umum struktur
yang disepakati secara luas adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Header: Surat pengantar untuk lamaran kerja dalam bahasa Inggris seharusnya menginformasikan kontak
perusahaan yang sedang dilamar seperti nama perusahaan, alamta, nomor telephone, email dan diikuti
dengan tanggal dibuatnya surat.

2. Salutation: Salam pembuka ditujukan kepada siapa penerima surat lamaran kerja tersebut. Sering dalam
lowongan kerja tidak menyebutkan nama pasti siapa yang berwanang menerima lamaran, maka dalam kasus
seperti ini, cukup tulis saja!

* Dear Sir,

* Dear Hiring Manager,

3. Introduction: Mualailah menulis surat lamaran kerja itu dengan menyebut posisi pekerjaan yang sedang
dilamar. Sebutkan pula dari mana informasi lowong tersebut kita dapatkan, bila perlu sebutkan pula nama
pihak ketiga yang memberi informasi kepada kita.

4. Body: Pada paragraf ini kita perlu memberikan ulasan kenapa kita layak menempati posisi yang diinginkan.
Meyakinkan hal ini bisa dengan memberikan ulasan singkat tentang kualifikasi dan kepampuan yang kita
punyai secara spesifik. Bila perlu berikan contohnya.

5. Closing: Pada paragraf ini kita perlu merevie kembali bahwa kita memang layak dengan posisi yang
diiklankan. Tulislah betapa kita menginginkan kesempatan untuk bertemu dan inteview dengan cara
menyebutkan nomor kontak dan waktu yang paling meungkinkan. Jangan lupu untuk menulis ucapan terima
kasih.

5. Signature: Bentuk keseriusan dan legalitas sebuah dokumen sering diukur dengan tanda tangan. Dalam
surat lamaran pekerjaan jangan pernah lupa untuk menandatangani dan diikuti dengan nama lengkap yang
jelas.

CONTOH SURAT LAMARAN KERJA

1. Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja dalam Bahasa Inggris untuk Posisi Market Research

contoh surat lamaran kerja bahasa Inggris researcher

Membuat surat lamaran kerja bahasa Inggris untuk posisi research pasar

225 New Station Road,

Agra – 7

March 2, 20014
To: The Manager,

ABC Trading Co.

Dear Sir,

In response to your advertisement in “The Times of India” of today that you are on the lookout for
enterprising and capable men who can take up market research for you, I respectfully offer myself as
candidate for the post. I give below in brief my qualifications and experience in the line for your kind
consideration:

I am a diploma holder in commercial courses from XYZ College of Commerce, Agra, and had taken marketing
as my special subject of study.

I have worked as a field investigator with KLM Marketing and Trading Co., Agra for about two years on a
salary of Rs. 1 800/-p.m. and had the privilege of winning laurels from my superiors in regard to my work as
well as general conduct.

I am a young man of about 24 years and possess good health and personality. I have pleasing manners,
hardworking disposition and keenness for outdoor jobs. I am unmarried and can be posted to any area of the
country for market study. I can speak, beside Hindi, Punjabi, and English, some southern languages too. I can
join immediately. I shall highly appreciate if an opportunity is given to me to explain my experience to you in
person during my interview.

Would you kindly let me know the time and date when it will be convenient for you? Thanking you, I am
looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Dirham Mint

2. Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja Bahasa Inggris untuk Posisi Administrative Assistant

contoh surat lamaran kerja untuk posisi administrasi

Menulis surat lamaran pekerjaan bahasa Inggris untuk posisi asiten administarasi

78 Jalan Balai Raya

East Jakarta
April 2, 20014

Ms. Minata Ani

Directory of Administration

ABC Inc.

27 Jalan Edelweis.

Jakarta

Dear Ms. Minata Ani,

Your advertisement in March 30 issue of the ‘Republika’ was attractive because I believe I have the proven
skills you are requiring for an administrative assistant.

I am Lina Dita and I’m 22 years old. I recently completed a three course Apple Computer System. These
specialization skills have proven valuable in my work for the past eight months as an assistant to the chief
accountant at Galaxy Building.

Since ‘proven skills’ are best explained in person I would appreciate an interview with you. Please phone me
in the afternoon between and 5 p.m. at (021) 45678910 to let me know the day and time most convenient
for you.

Sincerely,

Lina Dita

Enc.

3. Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja dalam Bahasa Inggris untuk Posisi Assitant Computer Programmer

contoh surat lamaran kerja bahasa Inggris sebagai programer

Cara membuat surat lamaran kerja bahasa Inggris – Programmer

78 Jalan Ikan Lumba-lumba 11

East Jakarta

May 28, 20014

Directory of Administration

ABC Inc.

27 Jalan Pinang

Jakarta

Dear Sir.

I would like to fill the position of the assistant computer programmer advertised in Republika, May 20, 2014.

I am currently finishing my degree in computer technology at Bandung Computer Academy (BCA). I have
taken every computer course offered at the college; Excel, Dbase and windows 2000. I have enclosed a copy
of my resume to give you further details about my experience.

Some time next week 1 am going to give you a call to see whether I can come for an interview at your
convenience. I look forward to speaking with you then.

Sincerely yours.

John Budi

4. Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja Bahasa Inggris untuk Posisi Entry Level Programmer

contoh surat laran pekerjaan Entruy level

Contoh surat lamaran kerja bahasa Inggris untuk Programer Entry Level

225 New Station Road,

Middletown

Nopember 2, 20014

XYZ, Inc.

609 Rockstar Lane

Durham, NC 27876
Dear Human Resources Director,

I just read an article in the New and Observer about XYZ’s new computer center just north of Durham. I
would like to apply for a position as an entry-level programmer at the center.

I understand that XYZ produces both in-house and customer documentation. I am a fresh graduate of ABC
Institute of Technology in Atlanta with an Associate’s Degree in Computer Science.

In addition to having taken a broad range of courses, I served as a computer consultant at the college’s
computer center where I helped train computer users on new systems.

I will be happy to meet you at your convenience and discuss how my education and experience match your
needs. You can reach me at my home address, at (9292) 2111-3333, or at john@abc.alumni.edu.

Sincerely,

Ray John

5. Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja dalam Bahasa Inggris untuk Posisi Guru

contoh surat lamaran kerja untuk posisi guru dalam bahasa Inggris

Pingin jadi guru? contoh surat lamaran kerja bahasa Inggris seperti dibawah ini

Anmar Munda

Jl. S Alauddin

Makassar

08704268000000

December 15, 2014

Ms Rohmania

SMAN 123

ABC Office 45

Makassar
Dear Ms Nia,

Thank you for posting your need for a teaching on abcJobs.com. I am available to fill this opening and can
begin working immediately after hiring.

I recently obtained my degree from Makassar State University. As a graduate in English Education, I have
acquainted myself with a range of skills that would allow me to blend with your school.

From your advertisement, I can see that you are looking for candidates who have excellent spoken and
written English skills.

I look forward to an opportunity to meet you and further discuss my qualification. Thank you.

Very truly yours,

Armar Munda

6. Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja Bahasa Inggris untuk Posisi Account Executive

contoh surat lamaran kerja bahasa inggris sebagai account executive

Ingin berkarir di bidang penjualan? Buatlah surat lamaran untuk posisi Account Executive seperti dibawah

Jalan Ikan Dorang No. 11

East Jakarta

November 24, 2014

Attention To:

HRD Manager

PT. ABC Compeni Oke

Jl. Kerincing No. 4

Central Jakarta

Dear Sir/Madam,
I have known your job vacancy advertised on Daily Media XYZ, 21st November, 2014, I am very interested at
the position of Account Executive, code AE.

I am a 23 year old male. I have graduated from a reputable university. I have skills in English written and
spoken. I am also familiar with computer operation. I am a hard worker, able to work individually and in
team.

I would gladly propose the opportunity to have an interview with you at your convenience. I am sure that my
skills will be one of your next company’s assets.

I am looking forward to hearing from you in the nearest time. Thank you for your consideration and
attention.

Sincerely yours,

Ahmad Baidlowi

Enclosures:

1. Curriculum vitae

2. Copy of ID card

3. Copy of graduate certificate

4. Recent photo

7. Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja dalam Bahasa Inggris untuk Posisi Sytem Engenier

cotoh lamarakn kerja bahasa Inggris sebagai engenier

Lamaran kerja untuk posisi Control System Engenier dalam bahasa Inggris

Jalan Sepat Miri No. 12

Surabaya

August 24, 2014

Attention To:
Mr. Ando Waluyo

Human Resources Department

PT. ABC Suka Baik

Jl. Raya Cepat No. 10

Surabaya

Dear Sir,

With this cover letter, I would like to apply the position of Instrumentation and Control System Engineer in
your company.

My name is Ahmad Sutono. I am male, 21 years old. I am single, energetic and healthy. I am very interested at
Control System Engineer job. I have graduated from Indonesia University with GPA 3.56. I would like to have
bright career to expand my valuable experiences.

My personality is hard working and fast learning, so I am going to bring some benefits to your company. I will
be very appreciating if you can give me an opportunity to work in your best team.

Herewith I enclose my curriculum vitae. It shows details of my qualification. I hope that it deserves to have
your consideration. I am looking forward to receiving your reply.

Sincerely yours,

Ahmad Sutono

8. Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja Bahasa Inggris untuk Posisi Accounting Staf

contoh lamaran kerja accountant dalam bahasa inggris

Inilah contoh lamaran kerja untuk posisi accountant dalam bahasa Inggris

Jalan Lumba-lumba 10

Jogjakarta

June 24, 2014

Attention To:

Budi Ruminto

Human Resources Manager

PT. Telaga Sakti Inti

Jl. Kutilang No.70

Jogjakarta

Dear Mr. Ruminto

Writing this letter, I wish to apply for the position of Accounting Staff which was advertised on Koran Pagi,
June 18, 2004.

I have been working for one year as an Accounting Staff in PT. ABC Finance. While working there, I have
experience of a wide variety of pattern techniques.

I have a very good skill at operating computer. Thus I have an excellent record as a reliable and productive
employee. I am seeking new challenges as Accounting Staff.

With this cover letter, I enclose Curriculum Vitae for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you
soon. I will be available for interview at your convenience.

Sincerely yours,

Dewi Sintia

LATIHAN SOAL
Required immediately

An Expatriate Kid’s Caretaker

Requirements:

· Female, above 25 years

· Graduated from reputable university, fluent in English.

· High motivated, patient, love kids, trustful.

· Understand how to take care and play with the kids

· Good in health (with doctor recommendation attached).

· Having additional skill is preferable (play music, sing, dance etc)

Interested applicant should submit the application with CV and recent photograph within a week to

PO BOX 1517 SBY

Code: UM/55/KIDS

1. The text above tells us about?

a. letter

b. news

c. job vacancy ads

d. banner

e. information

2. What position is vacant in the advertisement?

a. a secretary

b. an expatriate

c. a nanny

d. a baby sitter

e. a house keeper

3. What statement is TRUE based on the text?

a. Application letter should be submitted next month

b. Applicant is not 27 years old

c. applicant has to enclose curriculum vitae and photo

d. male applicant can apply this job.

e. applicant can speak native language well

Questions 14 through 15 are based on the following passage

The plane was late and detectives waited at the airport all morning. They expected a valuable parcel of
diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal
the diamonds. When the plane arrived some of detectives waited inside the main building while others
waited on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried into the Custom House. While two
detectives kept guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was
full of stones and sand!.

4. The detectives waited in the airport because …

a. they wanted to go abroad

b. they wanted to steal diamonds

c. they wanted to arrest thieves

d. they waited guests

e. they kept guard at the door

5. They expected a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. (line 1). The word “They” refers to …

a. Planes

b. Detectives

c. Diamonds

d. Parcels

e. Two men

6. What is the purpose of the text?

a. to tell an event with humorous twist

c. to retell about detectives

e. to persuade readers

b. to tell sequence of events at past

d. to explain about diamonds

7. “To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!”. This statement which is found in last
sentence we call as ….
 a. Orientation

b. event

c. twist

d. re commendation

e. coda

8. According to the text, the following sentences are false, EXCEPT …

a. The detectives waited at the airport all night

b. Three men took the parcel off the plane

c. The detectives waited a parcel of gold

d. There were four detectives

e. The parcel was full of diamonds

Questions 19 through 22 are based on the following reading

Jack was a university student. He studied history.

At the end of his first year, he failed in his examination and he was told to leave the university.

The next day Jack’s father went to see the professor. He urged the professor to let Jack continue his
studies the following year. “He is a good boy,” said Jack’s father, “and if you let him pass this time, I am sure
he’ll improve a lot next year and pass the examination at the end of the year well”.

“No, No! that’s quite impossible,” replied the professor. “Do you know, last month I asked him when
Napoleon died, and he could not answer it”.

“Please Sir, give him another chance,” said Jack’s father. “You see, we don’t subscribe any newspapers
in our house, so none of us even knew that Napoleon was ill”

9. The text above discusses about …

a. an university student

b. a professor in a university

c. Napoleon

d. Jack

e. Jack’s father
10. The following statements are TRUE, except …..

a. Jack’s father asked for the professor a chance

b. Jack failed in his exam

c. Jack could not answer his lecturer’s question

d. The professor went to meet Jack’s father

e. Jack is a good student

11. “he failed in his examination” (line 2)

The antonym of the underlined word is ….

a. cheated

b. passed

c. helped

d. liked

e. was happy

12 “ ….and he could not answer it”. The word “he refers to …

a. Jack

b. Jack’s father

c. Jack’s lecturer

d. Napoleon

e. Professor
 MAKE AN APPLICATION LETTER FROM THIS JOB VACANCIES!

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