 previously = sebelumnya
Bentuk Kalimat Conjunction
dalam Soal TOEFL
Conjunction atau konjungsi adalah
kata penghubung, yaitu kata-kata
yang digunakan di dalam kalimat
yang berfungsi untuk
menghubungkan klausa atau bagian
dari kalimat, baik itu berupa
argument (pendapat) maupun
berupa event (kejadian).
Berikut adalah beberapa contoh
konjungsi:
Addition
 and = dan
 besides = selain itu
 both…and… = baik…
maupun… (untuk kalimat
positif)
 nor…neither… = baik…
maupun… (untuk kalimat
negatif)
 either…or… = baik…
maupun… (untuk kalimat
positif dan negatif)
 further = lebih jauh
 furthermore = lebih jauh lagi
 moreover = terlebih
 additionally = sebagai
tambahan
Comparison
 as if = seolah-olah
 while = sementara itu
 instead of = daripada
 conversely = sebaliknya
 it can impart a feeling of social
by contrast = kontrasnya
 in fact = kenyataannya
 indeed = memang
 at least = paling tidak
 on the other hand = sebaliknya
Time
 after = setelah
 since = sejak
 before = sebelum
 once = ketika
 as soon as = sesegera
My brother keeps going to school
 firstly = pertama-tama although It rains heavily
 secondly = kedua
S P K
 at the same time = pada waktu - in spite of
yang sama - despite (diikuti frasa)
 lastly = terakhir Despite the heavy rain, she goes to
school on foot.
frasa
Cause
> Karena
- because
 because = karena - as
 therefore = oleh karena itu - since (diikuti klausa)
 although = meskipun - for
He did not attend the meeting
 even though = meskipun
because his mother is sick (klausa)
 but = tetapi
 however = bagaimanapun/ S P O
tetapi - because of
- due to (diikuti frasa)
- owing to
Means He did not attend the meeting
• thus = jadi
because his sick mother
frasa
> Agar
Condition - in other that → diikuti klausa
We must study hard in order
that we pass the exam
 if = jika
 provided that = asalkan S P O
 as long as = selama - in order to → diikuti frasa
 even if = sekalipun We must study hard in order to be
 unless = kecuali clever
frasa
Purpose
 so that = sehingga
 in order to = agar Contoh Soal TOEFL Conjunction
 without = tanpa dan Pembahasannya
Consequence 1. Learning to play a musical
instrument often motivates a child to
 of course = tentu saja
be disciplined and focused, ______
 still = tetap worth.
 admittedly = terus terang, tak A. because
dapat disangkal B. and
C. so
D. moreover
Catatan:
Jawaban : D
Kata-kata konjungsi di atas ada
Keyword : often motivates
kalanya diikuti oleh klausa, namun
Pembahasan : Kalimat tersebut
dapat juga diikuti oleh frasa.
Contoh:
menunjukkan penyangatan
(moreover = terlebih).
> Meskipun
- although
2. ______ the bad weather, he still
- though (diikuti klausa)
chooses to go by air plane.
- even though
A. Although
 B. However
C. Despite
D. While
Jawaban : C
Keyword : the bad weather
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini
menunjukkan sesuatu yang
berlawanan, jadi pilihannya adalah
despite.
3. The play performed by Theater
EMWE was good, _____ it could
have been improved by adding the
sound effects.
A. thus
B. and
C. but if
D. or
Jawaban : C
Keyword : it could have been
improved
Pembahasan : Arti kalimat tersebut
adalah “Drama yang dimainkan oleh
Teater EMWE bagus, _____ dapat
diperbaiki dengan menambahkan
efek suara.” Jadi kata sambung yang
tepat adalah but (tetapi).
4. Yosi continued playing game
______ he heard his mother calling.
A. although
B. as soon as
C. after
D. because
Jawaban : A
Keyword : continued playing; his
mother calling
Pembahasan : Kalimat tersebut
merupakan kalimat pertentangan
sehingga yang tepat adalah although
(meskipun).
5. The concept of lift in
aerodynamics refers to the
relationship among the increased
speed of air over the top of a wing
and the higher pressure of the
slower air underneath.
Jawaban : B
Keyword : the relationship among;
and
Pembahasan : Karena menunjukkan
hubungan di antara dua hal,
maka kata sambung yang tepat
adalah between, bukan among.
6. The farmers exterminate rodents
in their farmland ______ they
damage the crops.
A. if
B. though
C. however
D. as
Jawaban : D
Keyword : exterminate rodents;
they damage
Pembahasan : Kalimat di atas berarti
“Petani membasmi hewan pengerat
di tanah pertanian mereka …
binatang itu merusak tanaman.”
Jadi kata sambung yang tepat adalah
karena (as), karena pilihan jawaban
yang lain adalah jika (if), meskipun
(though), dan akan tetapi (however).
7. ______ the global economy
crisis, many labors lost their job.
A. because of
B. because
C. despite
D. in spite of
Jawaban : A
Keyword : the global economy
crisis
Pembahasan : Dari kalimat tersebut
dapat disimpulkan bahwa klausa
kedua merupakan akibat dari klausa
pertama. Jadi kata yang tepat adalah
because of.
8. It is generally considered unwise
to give a child ______ he or she
wants.
A. that
B. whatever that
C. whatever is it
D. whatever
Jawaban : D
Keyword : to give a child
Pembahasan : Ini adalah contoh
kalimat afektif. Karena itu kata
sambung yang tepat adalah
whatever.
9. Since there are many complaints
about the new products, the
company _____ the products now.
A. is recalling
B. recalls
C. recalled
D. has recalled
Jawaban : A
Keyword : now
Pembahasan : Penggunaan kata
keterangan now menunjukkan
bahwa kalimat ini berbentuk present
continous tense. Karena itu jawaban
yang menunjukkan tense ini adalah
is recalling.
10. Before ______, they used horse-
drawn wooden carts.
A. farmers have had tractors
B. tractors owned by farmers
C. having tractors farmers
D. farmers had tractors
Jawaban : D
Keyword : before
Pembahasan : Klausa kedua
berbentuk past tense (used), karena
itu klausa pertama juga harus
berbentuk past tense yaitu had.
11. Salmon lay their eggs and die in
fresh water, although they live in
salt water when most of their adults
live.
Jawaban : C
Keyword : in salt water
Pembahasan : Pada kalimat
dibutuhkan kata untuk merujuk pada
salt water yang merupakan tempat.
Kata untuk merujuk tempat adalah
where.
12. The prices of homes are as high
in urban are as that most young
people cannot afford to buy them.
Jawaban : B
Keyword : that
Pembahasan : Penggunaan that pada
kalimat menandakan bahwa
sebelumnya terdapat so
untuk membandingkan kata/klausa.
Jadi penggunaan as tidak tepat,
seharusnya diganti so.
13. Though Pablo Picasso
was primarily a painting, he also
became a fine sculptor, engraver
and ceramist.
Jawaban : C
Keyword : Pablo Picasso was
primarily a painting
Pembahasan : Penggunaan painting
pada kalimat tidak tepat karena
berarti “lukisan” padahal mengacu
pada Pablo Picasso yang merupakan
subjek orang. Karena mengacu pada
orang, seharusnya yang digunakan
adalah painter (pelukis).
14. Despite of rain or snow there
 are always more than fifty thousand c. Although b. But
fans at the OSU football games.
d. Already c. Therefore
Jawaban : A
Keyword : despite of d. Otherwise
4. ______ having a lot of money,
Pembahasan : Bentuk despite tidak they never help anyone
diikuti of, seharusnya cukup despite.
9. We must avoid high kolesterol
a. Otherwise _______ be healthy
15. Ships are able to move
through canals because
locks, rectangular areas b. However a. In order to
with varying water levels.
c. Inspite of b. Finally
Jawaban : B
Keyword : because locks d. Instead c. Consequently
Pembahasan : Pada kalimat, locks,
rectangular areas dimaksudkan 5. _______ it is raining, we d. Provided
sebagai frasa kata benda. Karena itu shouldn’t go out
penggunaan locks tidak tepat,
10. My father will give my brother his
seharusnya locked, menjadi locked
a. Because car _______ he come back at
rectangular areas.
dawn
b. Because of
a. Although
c. For
Fill the Blanks with the words b. Provided
given below! d. But
c. As
1. ______ being very clever, my
cousin never boasting about it d. Because

a. Despite 6. Smith _______ Mrs. Smith went 11. Steven prepared Coffee
to the library _______ his mother was
b. Instead sleeping
a. Or
c. Otherwise a. But
b. And
d. Other than b. Unless
c. But
2. Smith are not feeling well, c. As
______ he will come to our d. For
house d. Besides
7. My fiancee was lie about her
a. But family, ______ she was shouting 12. My sister apologised ______ her
at me bad behaviour
b. However
a. Although a. Since
c. Since
b. In Order to b. As
d. Because
c. Moreover c. Because
3. Me and my friends did not miss
the fried noodle ______ we had d. Provided d. For
our lunch
8. Please come on time, _______ 13. Smith was satisfied ______ not
a. Moreover they may miss the train overacted

b. Finally a. So a. But
 b. Yet b. Consequently a. Other than c. Instead

c. Still c. Although b. Despite d. Otherwise

d. As d. Besides 2. I am not feeling

well,_____________I
14. ______ her brother, she is very 19. ______ his family, he also invite will come to the party.
diligent his friends to his birthday party
a. because c. since
a. Likely a. Despite
b. however d. unless
b. Unlike b. Aside
3. _____________ I had
c. Similar c. Besides my lunch, I didn’t miss
Pizza.
d. Differently d. In spite of
a. Although c. Finally
15. They have postponed the visit to 20. Either me ______ my friends will
our city ______ it’s heavily snow run this high quality program b. Moreover d. Already
here
a. For 4. She never helps
a. Since anyone _________
b. But having a lot of money.
b. Due to
c. Nor a. otherwise c. inspite of
c. Yet
d. Or b. however d. instead
d. Because of
5. You shouldn’t go out
16. After years of Training hard, __________ it’s raining
Arief ______ win the national Kunci Jawaban
heavily.
badminton competition
1. A
2. B a. for c. because
a. Consequently
3. C
4. D b. already d. but
b. Therefore
5. A
6. B 6. My mother _______ I
c. Initially
7. C went to the market for
8. D shopping.
d. Finally
9. A
10. B a. or c. either
17. Ardian knows Germany, ______, 11. C
our school selected him to go 12. D
student exchange in there b. neither d. and
13. A
14. B
a. Therefore 15. C 7. Thomas was not telling
16. D the truth. ________ he
17. A was shouting at me.
b. Moreover
18. B
c. Otherwise 19. C a. Provided c. Although
20. D
d. Provided b. Moreover d. In order to

18. John worked very hard and was 8. Please come on time,
______ promoted 1. _______ being very _________ we may
rich, he never shows miss the flight.
off.
a. Yet
a. otherwise c. so
b. therefore d. but a. Since c. Due to kata penghubung dalam bahasa
Inggris sebagai berikut:
9. We should avoid oily b. Yet d. Because of
food ____________ be  where as (Padahal)
17. Radha knows French;
healthy.
______________, we have
 and (dan)
selected her to head our  as/when/while (ketika, sementara)
a. finally c. consequently
operations in France.  for, because, since (karena)
 Though/although, inspite of /
b. in order to d. for despite (walaupun)
a. therefore c. moreover
 Still/yet (namun)
10. I will give you my car b. otherwise d. provided  Therefore (oleh karenanya)
_____________ you
 So (sehingga)
come back before 5’o 18. Mohan worked very sincerely
clock.  Otherwise (sebaliknya)
and was ______________
 However (namun demikian)
promoted.
a. as c. although  Besides (lagi pula)
a. yet c. although
b. because d. provided Untuk lebih jelasnya, pelajari
b. besides d. consequently pembahasan contoh soal dibawah
11. ___________my mother was ini:
sleeping, I prepared tea on my 19. ____________ my family, I
own. will also invite my close friends Nomor 1
on my anniversary. What did your father say when you
a. As c. Besides told him you had lost all your
a. Aside c. Besides money?
b. Unless d. Despite He was so angry ... he couldn't say
b. Despite d. In spite of anything
A. therefore
12. He apologised _______ his
B. after
bad behavior.
C. that
D. so
a. for c. since
E. when
b. because d. as Pembahasan
Kunci jawaban Terjemahan soal:
13. He was satisfied ________ Apa yang ayahmu katakan ketika
not overjoyed. kamu mengatakan kepadanya bahwa
1. B
2. B kamu telah kehilangan uang?.
a. yet c. as 3. A Dia begitu marah ... dia tidak bisa
4. C mengatakan apa-apa.
b. but d. still 5. C Jadi kata yang tepat untuk mengisi
6. D titik-titik adalah 'sehingga'. Pada
14. ___________ his sister, he is 7. B soal terdapat kata 'so' atau
very naughty. 8. A 'sehingga', jadi untuk melengkapi
9. B soal diatas cukup ditambah kata
a. Likely c. Unlike 10. D 'that'.
11. A Jawaban: C
b. Similar d. Differently 12. A
13. B Nomor 2
15. After months of studying 14. C Why didn't you print your report at
hard, Meeta ____________ 15. D home?
cleared IAS examination. 16. A I ran out of ink for my printer. It's
17. A .... expensive that I can't afford it.
a. initially c. consequently 18. D A. such
19. C B. very
b. therefore d. finally C. so
D. such an
E. very much
16. ____________ it is very cold
there, we have postponed our Conjunction merupakan kata Pembahasan
visit. penghubung dua kalimat. Contoh
Pada soal diatas terdapat kata 'that' Nomor 6
sehingga untuk mengisi titik-titik He said that he had spent all his Your answer:
adalah 'so'. money on books, ..... , he could have
Jawaban: C taken his girlfriend to a good 3. Neither Indah … her friends
restaurant. ate lunch here yesterday.
Nomor 3 A. moreover
Mom, why do you insist on my B. otherwise a. nor
wearing a jacket? C. therefore b. or
.... I'm sure it's going to be very cold D. besides
A. until E. yet
B. since Your answer:
C. although Pembahasan
D. So that Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah 4. To stay … to leave your job
E. even though menghabiskan seluruh uangnya is your prerogative.
pada tabungan, .... , dia bisa
Pembahasan membawa pacarnya ke restoran a. nor
Terjemahan soal: yang bagus. b. or
Ibu, mengapa ibu bersikeras agar Jadi kata yang tepat untuk mengisi
saya menggunakan jaket? titik-titik adalah 'jika tidak' atau
.... Ibu yakin itu sangat dingin 'otherwise'.
Jadi kata yang tepat untuk mengisi Jawaban: B Your answer:
titik-titik adalah 'karena' atau 'since'.
Jawaban: B Nomor 7 5. It wasn’t my will, … yours.
.... The great invonvenience of
Nomor 4 travelling, many TV reporters went a. but also
... there people have died of cholera, to the flooded area for their reports. b. but
the old people of the village refused A. despite
to get an injection against it. B. nevertheless
A. although C. although Your answer:
B. because D. where as
C. in spite of E. however 6. Kim eats many egg whites
D. since before work out … he wants
E. as Pembahasan to gain weight.
.... ketidaknyamaan perjalanan,
Pembahasan banyak reporter TV pergi kedaerah a. because
... ada orang meninggal karena banjir untuk laporan mereka. b. so that
kolera, orang-orang tua di desa Jadi kata yang tepat untuk mengisi
menolak mendapat suntikan titik-titik adalah 'meskipun' atau
antikolera. 'despite'.
Jadi kata yang tepat untuk mengisi Jawaban: A Your answer:
titik-titik adalah 'walaupun' atau
'although'. 7. … you gave him 10 great
Jawaban: A reasons to never give up, he
wouldn’t listen.
Nomor 5 1. Our new classmate is not
All the members of the parliament bad; …, he’s very kind. a. even though
applauded ... the president was b. as
walking to his seat. a. furthermore
A. even though b. rather
B. although Your answer:
C. as
D. otherwise 8. Sammy had someone
E. while Your answer:
handle her passport … he
2. The more you prepare went to abroad.
Pembahasan
yourself for the Job
Semua anggota parlemen bertepuk
Interview, … stress you may a. when
tangan .. presiden sedang berjalan b. before
ke tempat duduknya. feel.
Jadi kata yang tepat untuk mengisi
a. the more
titik-titik adalah 'ketika' atau 'while'.
Jawaban: E b. the less
 Blank 4 : Possible Correct therefore %3D adverbial
Your answer: Answers conjunction (result)

9. The used car is very cheap; Blank 10 : Possible Correct

… , I want to buy it. 1. b Answers
Your Response : None given
a. however Incorrect
b. therefore 1. b
or %3D coordinate conjunction Your Response : None given
(alternative) Incorrect
Your answer:
Blank 5 : Possible Correct so %3D coordinate conjunction
10. The weather was cold, … Answers (result)
Bobby wore a jacket and
gloves.
1. b
a. yet Your Response : None given 1. Whales, dolphins, and
b. so Incorrect walruses are ... fish ...
mammals.
not … but %3D correlative
conjunction a. not ... but
Your answer: b. not only ... but also
Blank 6 : Possible Correct
Check Answ er Answers
Your answer:
You got 0/10 blanks correct 1. a
2. Lia and I discussed ... to
Your Response : None given
attend the meeting ... have a
Incorrect
representative attend in our
Blank 1 : Possible Correct place.
Answers because %3D subordinate
conjunction (contrast) a. between ... or
1. b b. whether ... or
Blank 7 : Possible Correct
Your Response : None given
Answers
Incorrect
Your answer:
rather %3D adverbial conjunction
1. a
(contrast) 3. ... had hotel housekeeper
Your Response : None given
Incorrect left ... the guests entered the
Blank 2 : Possible Correct room.
Answers
even though %3D subordinate
conjunction (contrast) a. hardly ... than
b. no sooner ... than
1. b
Blank 8 : Possible Correct
Your Response : None given
Answers
Incorrect
Your answer:
the more … the less %3D
1. b 4. The more you smile, ... you
correlative conjunction
Your Response : None given will get positive reactions
Incorrect from others.
Blank 3 : Possible Correct
Answers
before %3D subordinate a. the less
conjunction (time) b. the more
1. a
Blank 9 : Possible Correct
Your Response : None given
Answers
Incorrect Your answer:
neither … nor %3D correlative 5. Neither the woman ... her
1. b
conjunction daughter has a posititive
Your Response : None given
Incorrect attitude.
 a. nor Your Response : None given
b. or Blank 1 : Possible Correct Incorrect
Answers
Blank 9 : Possible Correct
Answers
Your answer: 1. a
Your Response : None given
6. I would like to try both the Incorrect 1. b
classic tiramisu ... creamy
Your Response : None given
cheesecake recipes. Blank 2 : Possible Correct Incorrect
Answers
a. or
Blank 10 : Possible Correct
b. and
Answers
1. b
Your Response : None given
Your answer: Incorrect 1. a
Your Response : None given
7. She would rather wash Blank 3 : Possible Correct Incorrect
clothes by hand ... use a Answers
dishwasher.

a. to 1. b 1. I am going to go to the river

b. than Your Response : None given _____ lake tomorrow morning.
Incorrect

Blank 4 : Possible Correct a. or

Your answer: Answers b. but
c. and
8. Choosing between staying d. so
at home ... working full-time 1. b
were not easy for her. Your Response : None given
Incorrect 2. I am hungry _____ I eat.
a. and
b. to Blank 5 : Possible Correct
Answers a. so
b. but
c. and
Your answer: d. or
1. a
9. Do you know the distance Your Response : None given
from Earth ... Mars? Incorrect 3. You have to study hard _____
you cannot pass the
a. and Blank 6 : Possible Correct examination.
b. to Answers

a. or
1. b b. so
Your answer: Your Response : None given c. and
Incorrect d. but
10. You can either wear open-
toe sandals ... shoes to work Blank 7 : Possible Correct
at the office. 4. Let’s watching a movie _____
Answers
going outside! I am bored.
a. or
b. nor
1. b
Your Response : None given a. or
Incorrect b. but
c. and
Your answer:
Blank 8 : Possible Correct d. so
Answers
Check Answ er
5. Do you like pizza _____
hamburger?
You got 0/10 blanks correct 1. a
a. or 4. a
b. but 5. a
c. so 6. c
d. and 7. b
8. b
9. d
6. I am thirsty _____ I don’t want 10. a
to eat.

A. Pengertian Conjunction
a. or Jika kita coba cek di google,
b. so pengertian conjunction adalah
c. but
d. and A word used to connect clauses or
sentences or to coordinate words
in the same clause
7. She can wait for you _____ (e.g., and, but, if )
just for a while. atau dalam bahasa Indonesianya:

a. or Sebuah kata yang digunakan

b. but untuk menghubungkan klausa-
Contoh:
c. and klausa atau kalimat-kalimat atau
d. so untuk menyerasikan kata demi
1. I don't want to
kata pada klausa yang sama
eat Apple or Banana
(Contohnya, and, but, if)
8. Are you busy in this weekend Berdasarkan jenisnya, Conjunction
Nah, pada kalimat di atas kita dapat
_____ already have a plan? ini dibedakan menjadi 3 jenis:
melihat ada dua kata yang setara,
1. Cordinating conjunction
yakni antara Apple dan Banana
2. Subordinating conjunction, serta
yang dihubungkan oleh oleh
a. but 3. Correlative conjunction
konjungsi Or , sehingga
b. or
menimbulkan makna yang dapat
c. and
kita mengerti. Gampang kan???
d. so B. Jenis-jenis Conjunction
2. You and I are dringking together
beserta contohnya
3. Sorry, I can’t attend your party
9. Can you take the pen on the tomorrow for I have to
1. Cordinating Conjunction
table _____ bring it to me? accompany my mother to go to
hospital
Cordinating conjunction adalah
4. She nor he finish the test
konjungsi atau kata penghubung
a. or 5. Desi plays music very
yang digunakan untuk
b. but well, but he can't sing
mneghubungkan dua frasa atau
c. so 6. You have to go right
kalimat yang memiliki kepentingan
d. and now, so you will not miss the bus
yang setara. Dalam penggunaanya,
7. Rudy loves to eat a lot yet he
terdapat 7 buah konjungsi yang
sering digunakan dalam kehidupan doesn’t grow bigger.
10. I have dieted _____ my body
sehari-hari, diantaranya: For, And,
is still fat.
Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
2. Correlative Conjunction
Correlative conjunction adalah
a. but Tips: Ke-7 Konjungsi di atas dapat
konjungsi atau kata penghubung
b. or disingkat dengan
yang digunakan untuk
c. so singkatan "FANBOYS"
menghubungkan kata dengan kata,
d. and frasa dengan frasa dan klausa yang
berbeda. Adapun correlative
conjuncton memiliki penggunaan
konjungsi berpesangan yang khusus.
Berikut adalah pasangan-pasangan
Jawaban: dari correlative conjunction:

 Not only berpasangan dengan but

1. a also
2. a  Not berpasangan dengan but
3. a
 Neither berpasangan dengan nor --
> (Neither = baik) .....(nor =
maupun)
 Either berpasangan dengan or --
> (Either = baik) .....(or =
maupun)
Perbedaan saat menggunakan
Neither...nor dengan Either...or
yaitu: Either...or digunakan
untuk kalimat yang mengandung
makna postitif. Sedangkan
Neither...nor digunakan
untuk kalimat yang mengandung
makna negatif.Untuk penjelasan
lebih dalam mengenai either...or dan
neither...nor silakan klik link berikut
ini, karena ada pembahasan khusus
mengenai konjungsi yang satu ini.
Tips:
Lihat konjungsi-konjungsi di atas!
Konjungsi dengan huruf yang lebih
panjang selalu diikuti dengan
konjungi dengan huruf yang
panjang juga. Contoh, Not
only berpasangan dengan But
also (sama-sama dua kata).
Sedangkan Notberpasangan
dengan but (sama - sama satu kata).
Begitu pula
sebaliknya, Neither berpasangan
dengan nor (hurufnya lebih panjang
dibandingkan
dengan) Either berpasangan
dengan or. Atau dengan tips lain,
teman-teman dapat mengingat
pasangan Neither dengan Nor,
dimana kedua konjungsi ini diawali
dengan huruf "N". Sedangkan
pasanganEither dengan or, sama-
sama diawali dengan huruf Vokal ,
yakni "E dengan O"
Contoh:
1. Rudy is not only talkative but
also funny
2. She is not beauty but she is cute
3. Either Gaby or Jennifer is a good
girl
4. Neither my parents nor my
friends do not care to me
3. Subordinating Conjunction
Subordinating conjunction adalah
konjungsi atau kata penghubung
yang digunakan untuk
menghubungkan induk kalimat
dengan anak kalimat. Dalam sitilah
bahasa inggrisnya, menghubungkan
independent clause (induk kalimat)
dengan dependent clause (anak relationship since in high school
kalimat). Lalu bagaimana cara 12. You have to wait until the bus
membedakan antara independent comes
clause dengandependent clause?
Akkang rasa, jika teman-teman
Independent clause (induk menyimak baik-baik tulisan ini,
kalimat) merupakan kelompok kata maka teman-teman tidak akan
yang mengungkapkan pemikiran kebingungan lagi menjawab soal
yang lengkap tanpa dibangun yang sama. :-)
dengan subjek dan
predikat.Sedangkan dependent Happy for helping you. God bless
clause (anak kalimat) merupakan us!
kelompok kata yang selalu terdiri
atas subjek dan predikat.
Dalam subordinating terdapat 12
konjungsi dengan arti yang berbeda. Complete the sentences with
Kedua belas konjungsi - konjungsi the appropriate conjunctions.
tersebut
adalah: While, Whether, Where, Be
fore, After, Then, As, Since, Becaus 1. An international
e, Although/though/even committee issued a
though, How dan Until. depressing forecast of how
human beings and natural
Tips ecosystems will be Influenced in
the future, ---- the effects of
Kedua belas konjungsi di atas dipat global warming intensify.
diingat dengan
singkatan WWW.BATASBAHU (
While, Whether, Where, Before, as
After, Then, As, Since, Because,
Although/though/even though, How however
dan Until.
besides
Remember! despite
Konjungsi atau kata penghubung
but
pada Subordinating
Sonjunction selalu
berada SEBELUM Dependent
Clause (anak kalimat)
2. ---- you can keep the
elderly active, their quality
Contoh: of life improves so much.
1. The girl who is reading a novel is
my sister
2. I love that picture which can Even if
make me happy
3. The teacher knows where the Although
students are hiding
4. Mom doesn’t know why the If
washing machine is not working
5. Dad knows how to fix a car For all
6. Rob realized that it’s not his fault
7. Uncle Sam is In case of
gardening while Patsy takes a nap
8. I don’t know whether it’s right or
wrong
9. I had locked the door before I left
the house 3. It is easier to study
10. I have to attend the animals and plants than
lectures although it’s going to rain human beings ---- plant
11. We have had in a and animal behaviors can be
controlled and monitored.
in order to as a result

because so that due to

due to in case

however
10. ---- fuel prices
thus increased, ---- did the
7. ---- laws for protection, demand for smaller, fuel-
in the event of many of the desert aquatic efficient cars.
habitats and their
associated species are still in
danger. As / so

4. ---- computers, As / nor

ecologists have simulated Even though
communities containing So / so
various plants and animals. Because
Whether / or
Despite
According to Both / and
No matter 11. ---- teaching, my father
For has always been involved
Whereas in public affairs.
Seeing that

Since in addition

By means of 8. Milk must be moved Similarly

rapidly from the farm to the
consumer and kept cold --- No matter
- it will not spoil.
As well as
5. ---- children get older,
their questions get harder so as to In order to
to answer. 12. ---- Joseph, who was
in case exceedingly anxious for
power, Napoleon's second
As if brother, Lucien, was an ardent
republican.
Because of when

However so that Likely

In case Unlike

In order that In contrast

6. Ecologists try to find out
how the Earth's
environments can be
preserved ---- living things will
continue to survive on the planet.
9. Experts estimate that
we are losing 137 plant,
animal and insect species
every single day ---- rainforest
deforestation.
as
while
However
While
13. She was aware of the
fact that she was not
responsible for her
parents' state of mind, ---- was
she responsible for the state of
their marriage.

thanks to much as
either
now that
nor
 5. Continued high-blood
and with the aim of pressure is dangerous ---- it can
increase the risk of heart disease
so and stroke.

but
however
2. Due to ---- a lack of production
Clear ---- increasing housing prices, so that
Liverpool is now ranked as one
of the least affordable cities as
1. as countrywide.
no matter although

2. if neither / nor for instance

no sooner / than
3. because
scarcely / before
4. By means of both / and 6. They like to keep their old
houses rather than building the
hardly / when new ones ---- it is very hard and
5. As
expensive to maintain them.

6. so that 3. Mike has been told he will

have to pay the fine ---- his high because
rank in the military.
7. Despite even though

even if on the contrary

8. so that
furthermore on account of
9. due to on grounds that for example

despite
10. As / so
on purpose that
11. As well as
7. The inhabitants of our village
4. Some people believe vaccines claim that pedestrians have no
12. Unlike overload our immune system, choice but to risk their lives
making it less able to react to crossing the dangerous road as
other diseases ---- meningitis or there is ---- a pedestrian bridge --
AIDS, which are now threatening -- a crosswalk.
our health.
1. The Vaal River is one of the not only / but also
major rivers in South Africa but but for
the runoff is not constant which both / and
means that large dams have to lest
be built ---- store water for use. neither / nor
with the aim of
no sooner / than
notwithstanding whereas
hardly / when
regardless of such as
so as to

thanks to
8. ---- the Oscar Reward, the
Cannes Film Festival is the
biggest event which takes place 4. such as
in May in the South of France. D) Despite
5. as
E) However
Except for 6. even though 4. All the soldiers had to take
their masks with them ---- there
Such as 7. neither / nor was a gas attack.

Lest 8. Except for

A) because of
Unless 9. Although
B) so
But 10. that's why
C) nevertheless

D) so that
Choose the appropriate
conjunctions to complete the E) in case
9. ---- vaccination has eliminated sentences. 5. He should not have used
naturally occurring polio in North office property, ---- he ought not
and South America, rare cases to have been in the building at all
continue to occur in developing 1. Johnny Pacheco has a outside the office hours.
countries of Africa. creative talent as a composer; ---
-, he is a successful arranger.
A) in addition to
However
A) owing to B) owing to
Although
B) now that C) so that
As a result of
C) though D) furthermore
Hence
D) moreover E) so as to
Moreover 6. She feels like giving up her job
E) in addition to ---- the consequences she will
2. ---- how long you've been face.
using tobacco, you can still
overcome your addiction to
smoking. A) although
10. The economy in China is
booming; ---- many foreign B) much as
investors are planning to enter A) Regarding
China's market. C) as a result
B) Although
D) regardless of
nonetheless C) No matter
E) since
even if D) However 7. Smaller companies were
merged into the parent company
so as to E) Even though ---- creating a single
3. ---- they tried hard, the organization.
in addition to students could not complete the
project in time as they were
that's why lacking in skills and knowledge. A) despite

B) as a consequence
13. nor A) Although
C) though
1. so as to B) As
D) in order to
2. both / and C) Since
E) thereby
3. despite 8. ---- you fail, you will have the
satisfaction of knowing that you
tried.
As a result otherwise

A) Whereas Therefore by contrast

B) Unlike But but for

C) Provided In spite of the fact that therefore

D) But for
E) Even if
9. ---- a person tries very hard to
suppress the obsession, it
continues to reoccur in an
uncontrollable fashion.
A) No matter
2. ---- museums, libraries and
archives are cultural institutions,
they should ensure that their
collections are built up in
accordance with universally
recognized moral principles.
In view of
5. Telecare is a telephone
support service in the US which
provides contact with people
who are alone and isolated ----
they are aged or have
disabilities.

B) Besides In order to
in contrast to
C) Even though As if
because
D) Therefore Considering that
on the other hand
E) Nevertheless In case
10. Bicycles are the most on grounds of
preferable way of transport in
town, ---- cars and buses just despite
cause air pollution.

3. Smallpox was eventually

A) whereas declared eradicated in 1980, ----
a vigorous campaign of
B) on the other hand immunization by the World 6. Though Cholera is spread ----
Health Organization. directly or through flies and
C) on the contrary waste, water is the chief medium
for spread of this disease and
D) whenever nevertheless hence it is termed as water-
borne disease.
E) as long as thanks to

1. D now that either

2. C
3. A in spite of neither
4. E
5. D except for both
6. D
7. E not only
8. E
9. C scarcely
10. A
4. During the war of 1812, the
1. ---- oil was discovered in Royal Navy had more ships than
Alberta as early as 1914, the oil the U.S. Navy; ----, they were
and gas industry really took off in able to maintain a tight blockade
the late 1960s when large on American waters and 7. ---- offering the most essential
deposits were discovered. transport British Army troops to services to mankind, the coastal
American shores. wetlands and marine life of the
Asian countries generate income
By contrast for millions of people.
nonetheless
 people. tasted.
However

Considering that both however

Apart from either despite

No matter whether because

Thus not only on account of

neither no matter

1. In spite of the fact that

8. Businesses are failing ---- a
lack of trained workers and
people to buy products.
that's why
in addition
2. Considering that
3. The most common way of
3. thanks to preserving genetic materials is to
deposit seeds in gene banks; ----
4. therefore that, cultivating plants in their
original environment is the most
5. because natural preservation method.

because of
6. either
provided
in spite of
7. Apart from
apart from
thus
8. because of due to
9. so regardless
10. not only on condition
9. The coconut palm is ---- highly
valued by the Pacific Islanders
as both a source of food and
medicine that it is called The 1. In Japan, the oyster seed is ---
Tree of Life. - being cultured in nets to market
size but also released on the 4. The name Holland is
bottom where good returns are frequently used ---- the
such being obtained two to three Netherlands, but it actually refers
years later. to the two Western coastal
much provinces, North and South
Holland.
too nevertheless

so no matter on the contrary

as not only though
no sooner for instance

such as instead of

11. The research in furthermore

biotechnology will
provide ---- dramatic
medical breakthroughs
but also millions of 2. Several years ago, a tobacco
dollars in new company attempted to sell a
investment, and new cigarette that made no smoke; -- 5. ---- recycling of wastes
opportunities for many --, people who tested that material solves the problem of
product did not like the way it garbage disposal at landfills, and
saves resources, it entails large it.
hidden costs in collecting, sorting In spite of
and manufacturing.
In order that both / and

Since Considering that neither / nor

As a consequence In addition to hardly / when

Nevertheless As a result not only / but also

Much as either / or

Therefore

9. While eating sweets, 1. Employees need to continually

the brain instantly expand their job skills ---- they
releases endorphins can achieve their full personal
which make us feel potential.
6. The experts found that happy and reduce pain;
between forty million and eighty ---- many pediatricians
million people have been forced give sweets to children so that
to move from their homes ---- while giving injections.
dams. in case

that's why otherwise

hence
nonetheless in addition to
so long as
as long as instead of
but
so as to
because of
since
though
2. A violation of the law, ---- how
1. not only slight, is a crime and therefore
2. however punishable.
3. apart from
4. instead of
7. Replacement cost coverage 5. Much as even though
ensures that your home will be 6. because of
fully rebuilt ---- a total loss. 7. in case of no matter
8. Considering that
9. that's why however
so that 10. neither / nor
thereby
in case of
further
provided that

although

in spite of
3. Food producers claim that
10. Srirangam was an adding fiber to foods is difficult --
ancient place of -- it changes the qualities of the
pilgrimage for the food.
Indians and was
8. ---- the pizza is a food foreign
surrounded by a strong
to the Indian palate, Pizza Hut in order that
fort but there was ----
tried to develop a bond with the
the necessary army ----
Indian consumer. whereas
the weapons to protect
 since as a result of

nevertheless 11. It is hard to treat

everyone ---- they were
although of equal worth when we
see differences
7. Cultural tradition is ---- a between individuals,
continuum that the humans and seemingly
create and pass on generation differences between
after generation. groups of people.
4. ---- much you sail, there will
always be something new to
learn about. such such as

so however
as
as as if
though
very in spite of
owing to
too provided
however 1. so that
2. no matter
no matter 3. since
4. however
5. no matter how
8. It must be kept in mind that 6. as
there is no secret of success ---- 7. such
hard work.
5. --- little space you have in 8. but
your garden, it's always possible 9. despite
to grow something to eat. though 10. as if

since
hence
no matter 1. ---- you are a professional,
no matter how you shouldn't attempt to clean or
but adjust the inner optics of your
so microscope.
as a consequence
although
Providing
furthermore
As long as

6. Thousands of beaches are
closed every year ---- heavy
rains cause waste from drainage
systems to overflow into the
ocean.
But for
9. ---- a rise at the opening of the
Russian stock market today, Unless
experts estimate the current
situation as not very favorable. Otherwise
however

because
with the aim of 2. High blood pressure and
consequently diabetes are examples of
hence diseases that should be
although aggressively treated ---- prevent
as severely disabling and potentially
despite life threatening events such as a
on the other hand stroke.
 because of for instance

in that 9. In countries, where natural

disasters such as floods
even though frequently happen, hospitals
should determine which areas
in view of 6. According to a theory the are safe and which could be
tunnels under San Diego were evacuated ---- severe damage.
in order to built ---- enemies attacked the
city.
in the event of

despite much as

3. The main reason people in order to in order that

smoke is ---- they are addicted to
the nicotine in cigarettes. in case otherwise

so that with the aim of

so
on condition that
because 10. The price of oil and oil
products began dropping
due to drastically at the beginning of
1998 ---- many famous, large oil
consequently companies are cutting back
7. ---- AIDS has spread drastically.
regardless of worldwide, southern Africa
continues to be the worst
affected area of the globe. as a result of
4. Since the 1970s,
psychoanalysis has become less that's why
popular; ----, some people still Thanks to
prefer this kind of treatment. for fear that
Much as
in addition to
however In spite of
so as to
despite Hence 1. Unless
2. in order to
now that Therefore 3. because
4. however
likewise 5. so that
6. in case
so that
7. Much as
8. ---- long you have been 8. No matter how
smoking, your body begins to 9. in the event of
repair itself as soon as you quit. 10. that's why

5. You should encourage your

child to eat all foods ---- he will
get a well-balanced meal.
nevertheless
Although 1. Leaders of the world's richest
nations got together on an island
But last week, and nobody ---- the
protesters seemed to care.
No matter how

even though Therefore unless

in case Because because

so that as if
 8. If you are not getting much
though sleep during the night, you
should try to avoid napping
but 5. More than six hundred million during the day ---- much you
tons of rice were grown around might want to.
the world last year; ----, current
rice production levels will not
meet the needs of a growing however
world population twenty-five
2. ---- a market economy will years from now. no matter
become effective, potential
benefits should be maximized although
and risks minimized. because
despite
moreover
In the event that because of
apart from
In view of
on the other hand
In order that
as though
Otherwise 9. Many countries that promised
to give food to Ethiopia failed to
But for do so ---- its involvement in a
border war with Eritrea.
6. To eat healthily···· a busy
lifestyle, you first need to have instead
the honest desire to improve
3. ---- how many particles an your eating habits. as a result of
atom has, the number of
electrons usually needs to be the however
same as the number of protons. now that
due to the fact that
hereby
In contrast in fact
as a result
No matter
in spite of
However
although
Although 11. The government should
be in the business of
On grounds that ensuring a decent
quality of life for its
citizens; ----, it should
4. President Lyndon Baines 7. Academic honesty is ---- an invest the social sector
Johnson lost public support ---- important value ---- there are to enable the citizens to
American involvement in the war great penalties attached to its function at their optimal
in Vietnam. violation. level.

now that so / that instead of

though very / that in other words

due to so / as apart from

nevertheless too / as but for

for fear that such / that whereas

1. but
 2. In order that
3. No matter whether / or In case of
4. due to
5. on the other hand as / as
6. in spite of
7. such / that
8. however 7. ---- similarities in purpose
9. as a result of among all tribal dances,
10. in other words 4. ---- dramatic were electric and differences existed from culture
electronic inventions ---- they to culture.
overshadowed advances in
1. Canada's economy was media for recording visual
greatly affected in the 1920s ---- images and sound. Although
the over-production of goods and
by the over expansion of In spite of
industries. So / that
Because
So / as
as Due to
As / as
because of However
Either / or
although
No sooner / than
since

but for 8. --- sand dunes are spectacular

5. In some parts of the world the
poor are going without food ----
the rich live In luxury.
2. Sandy doesn't even know how
to use a dictionary ---- she is
trying to learn French. in case
features of deserts, they're not
as common or widespread as
generally believed.
Despite
Although

yet Since
due to
in order to Contrary to
as for
despite Likewise
despite
otherwise
though

now that
3. When his mother died, the
novelist John Lanchester
discovered that ---- the name
that he knew her by ---- her date
of birth were false.
both / and
neither / or
either / nor
6. ---- the brain has been
determined to be dead, it is
possible to keep the heart and
lungs operating by machine.
Even if
Even so
Only if
In spite of
9. The automotive industry is an
indicator of a nation's economic
health in ---- industrialized
countries ---- the United States,
the United Kingdom, and Japan.
both / and
neither / nor
not only / but also
such / as
much / as
10. ---- next year, all US
model building codes
will incorporate ground
motion hazard maps
derived from the
geological survey
studies.

As of

Whereby

As to

Since

By

1. because of
2. though
3. both / and
4. So / that
5. yet
6. Even if
7. In spite of
8. Although
9. such / as
10. As of