PASSIVE VOICE
assive voice atau kalimat pasif, maksudnya kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan ( bukan melakukan
pekerjaan ). Biasa diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan penambahan imbuhan di/ter….
Dapat dirumuskan :
Keterangan :
apat dirumuskan :
• am
• are
• is
The donat isn’t eaten by mazsis (pasif)→artinya”Donat tidak dimakan oleh mazsis”
apat dirumuskan :
• was
• were
1) Asri made a cake this morning (aktif)→artinya”Asri membuat sebuah kue tadi pagi”
Cake was made by asri this morning (pasif)→artinya”Kue dibuat oleh asri tadi pagi”
2) They watched tom&jerry movies last sunday (aktif)→artinya”mereka menonton film-film tom&jerry
minggu lalu”
Tom&jerry movies were watched by them last sunday (pasif)→artinya”Film-film tom&jerry ditonton
mereka minggu lalu”
1) Asri didn’t make a cake this morning (aktif)→artinya”Asri tidak membuat sebuah kue tadi pagi”
The cake wasn’t made by asri this morning (pasif)→artinya”Sebuah kue tidak dibuat oleh asri tadi pagi”
2) They didn’t watch tom&jerry movies last sunday (aktif)→artinya”Meraka tidak menonton film-film
tom&jerry minggu lalu”
Tom&jerry movies weren’t watched by them last sunday (pasif)→artinya”Film-film tom&jerry tidak
ditonton oleh mereka minggu lalu”
1) Did asri make a cake this morning? (aktif)→artinnya”apakah asri membuat sebuah kue tadi pagi?”
Was a cake made by asri this morning? (pasif)→artinya”apakah sebuah kue itu dibuat oleh asri tadi
pagi?”
2) Did they watch tom&jerry movies last sunday? (aktif)→artinya”Apakah mereka menonton film-film
tom&jerry minggu lalu?”
Were tom&jerry movies wacthed by them last sunday? (pasif)→artinya”apakah film-film tom&jerry
ditonton oleh mereka minggu lalu?”
2)Kalimat tanya
Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat
pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active
voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun
demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan
tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang
lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi
perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive
voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak
penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past
future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan
“being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada
poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Contoh:
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atauwere
Contoh:
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan
setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan
setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
• Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
• Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
• Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
• Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan
setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
• Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
• Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
• Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are)
+ being.
Contoh:
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) +
being.
Contoh:
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been
+ being.
Contoh:
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been +
being.
Contoh:
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He will be meeting them.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be +
being.
Contoh:
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have
been + being.
Contoh:
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah
would have been + being.
Contoh:
Form
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present und will-Future on how to
form negative sentences.
Example: If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
F Clause Type 2
Form
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Past und Conditional I on how to form
negative sentences.
In IF Clauses Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.
Form
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Past Perfect and Conditional II on how to
form negative sentences.
Kalimat Pasif dalam bentuk Kalimat Negatif dan Kalimat Tanda tanya
Rumus:
(kata kerja III yang sering digunakan adalah: advised, asked, begged, commanded, requested)
* Kata kerja pada predikat do + wash menjadi wash. Kata wash dioasifkan menjadi be + washed (Vɪɪɪ);
be untuk subjek theid hands (dalam Simple Present Tense) adalah are.
1. * Karena kalimatnya adalah kalimat tanya (yes/No Question), kalimat pasifnya jugs menjadi
kalimat tanya, yakni dengan memindahkan kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) ke awal kalimat: Are their
hands washed before every meal?
contoh lain :
1) Simple present
Aktif
Pasif
2) Simple continuous
Aktif
Pasif
3) Present perfect
Pasif
Aktif
Pasif
5) Simple past
Aktif
Pasif
Mary was bitten by John
6) Past continuous
Aktif
Pasif
Aktif
Pasif
Aktif
Pasif
9) Future
Aktif
Pasif
Aktif
Pasif
Aktif
Pasif
Aktif
Pasif
The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice.
3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice.
To change sentences having present/future modal into passive voice, auxiliary verb “be” is
added after modal in sentence.
The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice.
3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice.
To change sentences having past modal into passive voice, auxiliary verb “been” is added after
modal in sentence.
Click on the following links to study each aspect of active and passive voice.
FUTURE TENSES
Passive forms: will + be + past participle
is/are going to be + past participle
Active: Future with WILL Passive: Future with WILL
I will mail the gift. The gift will be mailed by me.
Jack will mail the gifts. The gifts will be mailed by Jack.
Passive: Future with GOING TO
Active: Future with GOING TO
The cake is going to be made by me.
I am going to make the cake.
Two cakes are going to be made by
Sue is going to make two cakes.
Sue.
Kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice (ragam gramatikal), aktif dan pasif.
1) Bentuk aktif adalah orang, binatang, atau benda yang ditunjukkan oleh subjek dikatakan
2) Bentuk pasif adalah orang, binatang atau benda dikatakan menderita sesuatu dari sesuatu yang
lain.
Contoh: A tiger was killed by Karim. Seekor harimau dibunuh oleh Karim
Bentuk pasif :
To Be + Past Participle
Aturan-aturan :
a) Kata kerja transitif tidak digunakan dalam bentuk pasif, kecuali kalau kata kerja itu
menggunakan cognate object dalam bentuk aktif.
Aktif : She sang a fine song. Ia menyanyikan sebuah nyanyian yang merdu
Pasif : A fine song was sung by her. Sebuah nyanyian yang merdu dinyanyikan olehnya
b) Bilamana kalimat diubah dari bentuk aktif ke pasif, objek untuk kata kerja aktif
menjadi subjek untuk kalimat kerja pasif.
Aktif: Linda can make tarts. Linda dapat membuat kue tart
Berikut contoh-contoh kalimat aktif yang dirubah menjadi kalimat pasif dalam bentuk tenses :
1) Simple present
Aktif Pasif
2) Simple continuous
Aktif Pasif
3) Present perfect
Aktif Pasif
Who has bitten Mary? Who has Mary been bitten by?
Aktif Pasif
John has been biting Mary Mary has been being bitten by John
John hasn’t been biting Mary Mary hasn’t been being bitten by John
Has John been biting Mary? Has Mary been being bitten by John?
What has John been doing? What has been being done by John?
Who has been biting Mary? Who has Mary been being bitten by?
Who has John been biting? Who has been being bitten by John?
5) Simple past
Aktif Pasif
6) Past continuous
Aktif Pasif
Who was biting Mary? Who was Mary being bitten by?
7) Past perfect
Aktif Pasif
Who had bitten Mary? Who had Mary been bitten by?
Aktif Pasif
John had been biting Mary Mary had been being bitten by John
John hadn’t been biting Mary Mary hadn’t been being bitten by John
Had John been biting Mary? Had Mary been being bitten by John?
What had John been doing? What had been being done by John?
Who had been biting Mary? Who had Mary been being bitten by?
Who had John been biting? Who had been being bitten by John?
9) Future
Aktif Pasif
Aktif Pasif
Who will be biting Mary? Who will Mary be being bitten by?
John will have bitten Mary Mary will have been bitten by John
John won’t have bitten Mary Mary won’t have been bitten by John
Will John have bitten Mary? Will Mary have been bitten by John?
What will John have done? What will have been done by John?
Who will have bitten Mary? Who will Mary have been bitten by?
Who will John have bitten? Who will have been bitten by John?
Aktif Pasif
John will have been biting Mary Mary will have been being bitten by John
John won’t have been biting Mary Mary won’t have been being bitten by John
Will John have been biting Mary? Will Mary have been being bitten by John?
What will John have been doing? What will have been being done by John?
Who will have been biting Mary? Who will Mary have been being bitten by?
Who will John have been biting? Who will have been being bitten by John?
Kata-kata kerja transitif kadang-kadang mempunyai arti pasif walaupun bentuk kalimatnya
adalah aktif :
a) Dengan komplemen
Sugar tastes sweet (pasif: sugar is sweet when it is tasted). Gula manis rasanya (gula manis bila
dirasakan)
b) Tanpa komplemen
The books is printing (pasif: the book is being printed). Buku itu sedang dicetak
The cows are milking (pasif: the cows are being milked). Sapi-sapi itu sedang diperah
Kesimpulan :
TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE