ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Kalimat aktif (active voice) :

adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya,

Kalimat pasif (passive voice) :

adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat.

Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice.
Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-
majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice
merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Selain itu passive voice juga lebih sering digunakan dalam menyampaikan informasi-informasi yang
terdapat dalam kalimat-kalimat teks berbentuk report. Teks report sendiri merupakan tekas yang
menjelaskan tentang suatu obyek secara umum, jadi merupakan kebalikan dari teks berbentuk
deskriptive.
Contoh :
 Active : My mother waters the flowers every morning.
 Passive: The flowers are watered by my mother every morning.
Maka dari contoh simple di atas, dapat kita lihat bahwa:
1. Object dari active voice (the flowers) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (My mother) menjadi object dari passive voice.
3. Verb1 (waters) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be ‘are’ di depan verb3.
Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan.
(Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5. Apabila subject dari kalimat tersebut menggunakan “Pronoun” maka “Object” dari kalimat
passive berubah.
Contoh Kalimat:
A. She waters the flowers every morning.
It will be:
The flowers are watered by her every morning.

PERHATIKAN TABLE PERUBAHAN SUBJECT DAN OBJECT BERIKUT INI

NO SUBJECT OBJECT
 1 I Me

2 You You

3 We Us

4 They Them

5 He Him

6 She Her

7 It It

6. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap
tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula
kata ‘by’.

7. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future,
dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak
ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:

SUBJECT + BE + VERB3 + BY + OBJECT + MODIFIER

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

a.        Jika active voice dalam SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  is, am  atau  are.

Contoh:
 Active    : He meets them everyday.
 Passive  : They are met by him everyday.
 Active    : She waters this plant every two days.
 Passive  : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b.      Jika active voice dalam SIMPLE PAST TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  was  atau  were

Contoh:
 Active    : He met them yesterday
 Passive  : They were met by him yesterday
  Active    : She watered this plant this morning
 Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning
c.       Jika active voice dalam PRESENT PERFECT TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  been  yang diletakkan setelah

auxiliary  has  atau  have,  sehingga menjadi  ‘has been’  atau  ‘have been’

Contoh:
 Active    : He has met them
 Passive  : They have been met by him
 Active    : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
 Passive  : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d.      Jika active voice dalam PAST PERFECT TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  been  yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary  had,  sehingga
menjadi  had been

Contoh:
 Active    : He had met them before I came.
 Passive  : They had been met by him before I came.
 Active    : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
 Passive  : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e.       Jika active voice dalam PRESENT FUTURE TENSE,

maka ‘will/ to be’ passive voice-nya adalah  will  be

atau    to be  (is/ am/ are)  going to be

Contoh:
 Active    : He will meet them tomorrow.
 Passive  : They will be met by him tomorrow.
 Active    : She will water this plant this afternoon.
 Passive  : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
 Active    : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
 Passive  : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
 f.     Jika active voice dalam PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  been  yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary  will
have,  sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’

Contoh:
 Active    : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
  Passive  : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
 Active   : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
 Passive  : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

g.       Jika active voice dalam PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  been  yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary  would
have,  sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.

Contoh:
 Active    : He would have met them.
 Passive  : They would have been met by him.
 Active    : She would have watered this plant.
 Passive  : This plant would have been watered by her.
h.    Jika active voice dalam PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  (is, am  atau  are)  +  being.

Contoh:
 Active    : He is meeting them now.
 Passive  : They are being met by him now.
 Active    : She is watering this plant now.
 Passive  : This plant is being watered by her now.
i.          Jika active voice dalam PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  (was  atau  were) + being.

Contoh:
 Active    : He was meeting them.
 Passive  : They were being met by him.
 Active    : She was watering this plant.
 Passive  : This plant was being watered by her.
j.     Jika active voice dalam PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  (has/have) been + being.

Contoh:
 Active    : He has been meeting them.
  Passive  : They have been being met by him.
 Active    : She has been watering this plant.
 Passive  : This plant has been being watered by her.
k.    Jika active voice dalam PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE,           

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  had been + being.

Contoh:
 Active    : He had been meeting them.
 Passive  : They had been being met by him.
 Active    : She had been watering this plant.
 Passive  : This plant had been being watered by her.
l.     Jika active voice dalam PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  will be + being.

Contoh:
 Active    : He will be meeting them.
 Passive  : They will be being met by him.
 Active    : She will be watering this plant.
 Passive  : This plant will be being watered by her.
m.   Jika active voice dalam PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  would be + being

Contoh:
 Active    : He would be meeting them.
 Passive  : They would be being met by him.
 Active    : She would be watering this plant.
 Passive   : This plant would be being watered by her.
n.    Jika active voice dalam PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE,

maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  will have been + being.

Contoh:
 Active    : He will have been meeting them.
 Passive  : They will have been being met by him.
 Active    : She will have been watering this plant.
 Passive  : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o.    Jika active voice dalam PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE,
 maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah  would have been + being.

Contoh:
 Active    : He would be meeting them.
 Passive  : They would be being met by him.
 Active    : She would be watering this plant.
 Passive  : This plant would be being watered by her.

Coba kerjakan latihan soal di bawah ini sebagai bahan peningkatan pemahaman dalam
pengubahan kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif.
1.   Robby will buy John a new cloth.
o   John will be bought by Robby a new cloth.
o   John would be bought a new cloth by Robby.
o   A new cloth will be bought by Robby for John.
o   A new cloth will be bought by John for Robby.

2.   Some students are going to arrange a reunion party at school next month.
o   A reunion party are going to arrange by some students at school next month.
o   A reunion party is going to arrange by some students at school next month.
o   A reunion party is going to arrange by some students at school next month.
o   A reunion party is going to be arranged by some students at school next month.

3.   Neither James nor Jenny has been told yet.

o   James has told Jenny already.
o   Jenny has told James already.
o   Nobody has told James and Jenny.
o   They have told either James or Jenny.

4.   My book was stolen.

o   Someone stole my book.
o   Someone has stolen my book
o   Someone have stolen my book.
o   Someone was stealing my book.
5.   My father enlarged and repainted the house.
o   The house is enlarged by my father and repainted.
o   The house was enlarged and repainted by my father.
o   The house was being enlarged and repainted by my father.
o   The house was to enlarge and repaint by my father.

6.   My friend is reading a book in the classroom.

 A book is read by my friend in the classroom.
 A book is readed by my friend in the classroom.
 A book is be reading by my friend in the classroom.
 A book is being read by my friend in the classroom.

1. Cristiano Ronaldo scored the winning goal.

o   The goal is won by Cristiano Ronaldo scored
o   The goal is scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.
o   The winning goal is scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.
o   The winning goal was scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.

8.   After class, one of the students always erases the whiteboard.
 After class, the whiteboard is always erased by one of the students.
 After class, the whiteboard are always erased by one of the students.
 After class, the whiteboard is always being erased by one of the students.
 After class, the whiteboard always is erased by one of the students.

9.   I am happy now.

 Happy is now by me.
 Happiness is by me now.
 The happiness is now by me.
 None of the above options are correct.

10.  My father has been operating this computer since I was a teenager.
 This computer has been operated by my father since I was a teenager.
  This computer has been operating by my father since I was a teenager.
 This computer since I was a teenager has been being operated by my father.
 This computer has been being operated by my father since I was a teenager.

11.  Andreas will buy a new Mathematic book tomorrow.

o   A new Mathematic book will buy by Andreas tomorrow.
o   A new Mathematic book will be bought by Andreas tomorrow.
o   A new Mathematic book will be being bought by Andreas tomorrow.
o   A new Mathematic book will be being bought by tomorrow Andreas.

12.  Mrs. Anna has sent the letter to her husband.

o   The letter has been send by Mrs. Anna to her husband.
o   The letter to her husband has been sent by Mrs. Anna.
o   The letter has been sent by Mrs. Anna to her husband.
o   The letter has been sended by Mrs. Anna to her husband.

13.  Munawaroh was being punished by an English teacher because of a serious problem.

o   An English teacher was punishing Munawaroh because of a serious problem.
o   An English teacher was being punished by Munawaroh because of a serious problem.
o   An English teacher has been punishing Munawaroh because of a serious problem.
o   No one of the choices is right.

14.  My mother put the cake on the dining table this morning.
o   This morning, the cake is put by my mother on the dining table.
o   The cake is put by my mother on the dining table this morning.
o   The cake was put by my mother on the dining table this morning.
o   This morning, the cake was being putted by my mother on the dining table.

15.  The professor asked the English lecturer to examine the students’ assignment.
o   The English teacher was asked by the professor to examine the students’ assignment.
o   The students’ assignment is examined by the English teacher because of the professor request.
o   The students’ assignment is examined by the English teacher because he was asked by the
professor.
o   All of the choices are correct.

GOOD LUCK