PASSIVE VOICE

A. The form of the passive voice

B. Active tenses and their passive equivalents
C. Uses of passive voice
D. Prepositions with passive verbs
E. Infinitive constructions after passive verbs
A The From Of The Passive Voice

1. Pasif dari sebuah active tense dibentuk dengan meletakkan kata kerja to be ke
dalam tense yang sama dengan active tense dan ditambah dengan bentuk ketiga
kata kerja aktif. Subjek kata kerja aktif menjadi 'pelaku' kata kerja pasif. Pelaku
'dalam kalimat pasif sering tidak disebutkan. Apabila disebutkan didahului
dengan 'by' dan diletakkan pada akhir sebuah klausa:
- This tree was planted by grandfather.
Pohon ini ditanam oleh kakek saya.
2. Contoh kalimat pasif waktu sekarang, waktu lampau, dan waktu sempurna:
Active : We keep the butter here.
Kami menyimpan mentega di sini.
Passive : The butter is kept here.
Mentega itu disimpan di sini
Active : My friend corrects my homework.
Ternan saya mengoreksi pekerjaan rumah saya.
Passive : My homework is corrected by my friend.
Pekerjaan rurnah saya dikoreksi oleh teman saya.
Active : They broke the window.
Mereka merusak jendela.

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 Passive : the window was broken.
Jendela itu di rusak.
Active : he postedbthe letter.
Dia mengirim surat itu.
Passive : the letter was posted by him.
Surat itu dikirimkan olehnya.
Active : He will send his letter.
Dia akan mengirimkan suratnya.
Passive : His letter will be sent.
Suratnya akan dikirim.
Active : Tom will carry my umbrella.
Tom akan membawa payung saya.
Passive : My umbrella will be carried by Tom.
Payung saya akan dibawa oleh Tom.
Active : People have seen wolves in the streets.
Orang-orang telah melihat serigala di jalan-jalan.
Passive : Wolves have been seen in the streets.
Serigala telah dilihat di jalan-jalan.
Active : Mrs. Jones has taught our class.
Bu Jones telah mengajar kelas kami.
Passive : Our class has been taught by Mrs. Jones.
Kelas kami telah diajar oleh Bu Jones.
3. Bentuk pasif dari continuous tense memerlukan bentuk present continuous dari to
be. Bentuk ini jarang digunakan.
Active : They are repairing the bridge.
Mereka sedang memperbaiki jembatan.
Passive :The bridge is being repaired.
Jembatan itu sedang diperbaiki.
Active :They are building our house.
Mereka sedang membangun rumah kami.

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 Passive : Our house is being built.
Rumah kami sedang dibangun.
Active : They were carrying the injured player off the field.
Mereka sedang menggotong pemain yang terluka ke luar
lapangan.
Passive : The injured player was being carried off the field.
Pemain yang terluka sedang digotong ke luar lapangan.
Active : He was painting the gate.
Dia sedang mengecat gerbang.
Passive : The gate was being painted.
Gerbang sedang dicat.

Kalimat bentuk continuous yang lain sangat jarang diubah menjadi bentuk pasif,
sehingga kalimat seperti di bawah ini tidak biasa diubah menjadi bentuk kalimat
pasif.
a. They have/had been repairing the' road.
Mereka sedang memperbaiki jalan.
b. They will/would be repairing the road.
Mereka sedang akan memperbaiki jalan.
4. Kata bantu kata kerja + kombinasi infinitive dibuat pasif dengan menggunakan
sebuah passive infinitive:
Active :You must/should shut these doors.
Kamu harus menutup pintu-pintu ini.
Passive :These door must/should be shut.
Pintu-pintu ini harus ditutup.
Active :They should/ought to have told him.
Mereka sudah harus memberitahunya.
Passive :He should/ought to have been told.
Dia harus sudah diberi tahu.

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5. Kombinasi infinitive yang lain
Kata kerja yang menyatakan tentang kesenangan, kecintaan, keinginan + object +
infinitive membentuk pasifnya dengan passive infinitive:
Active :He wants someone to take photographs.
Dia menginginkan seseorang mengambil foto.
Passive :He wants photographs to be taken.
Dia menginginkan foto diambil.
kata kerja tentang perintah (command), permohonan (request), nasihat (advice),
dan ajakan (invitation) + objek tak langsung + Infinitif membentuk pasifnya
dengan menggunakan bentuk pasif kata kerja utamanya:
Active : He invited me to go.
Dia mengajak saya pergi.
Passive : I was invited to go.
Saya diajak pergi.
Tetapi, kata kerja advise (memberi nasihat), beg (memohon) order
(memerintahkan), recommend (menyarankan), urge (mendesak) + objek tak
langsung + infinitif + objek, membentuk pasifnya dengan dua cara, yaitu
membuat kata kerja utamanya menjadi pasif, seperti di atas, atau dengan advise +
that... should + passive infinitive:
Active : He urged the council to reduce the rates.
Dia mendesak dewan untuk mengurangi pajak kekayaan.
Passive : 1. The council was/were urged to reduce the rates.
Dewan didesak untuk menurunkan pajak kekayaan.
2. He urged that the rates should be reduced.
Dia mendesak pajak kekayaan harus diturunkan.
Kata kerja agree (menyetujui), be anxious (ingin sekali), arrange (mengatur), be
determined (ditetapkan), determine (menetapkan), decide (memutuskan),
demand (menuntut, meminta) + infinitive + object biasanya dinyatakan ke dalam
bentuk pasif dengan that ... should seperti nomor 2 di atas:

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 Active : He decided to sell the house.
Dia memutuskan untuk menjual rumah itu.
Passive : He decided that the house should be sold.
Dia memutuskan bahwa rumah itu harus dijual.
6. Kombinasi gerund
Untuk menyatakan bentuk pasif kata kerja advise, insist, propose recommend,
suggest + gerund + object digunakan that should seperti di paparkan di atas:
Active : He recommended using bullet-proof glass.
Dia menyarankan untuk menggunakan kaca anti peluru.
Passive : He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used.
Dia menyarankan bahwa kaca anti peluru harus digunakan.
Kombinasi gerund yang lain dinyatakan ke dalam pasif dengan passive gerund:
Active : I remember them taking me to the zoo.
Saya ingat mereka membawaku ke kebun binatang.
Passive : I remember being taken to the zoo.
Saya ingat dibawa ke kebun binatang.
B Active Tenses And Their Passive Equivalents
Tense Active Voice Passive Voice
Simple present Present keeps is kept
continuous is keeping is being kept
Simple past kept was kept
Past continuous was keeping was being kept
Present perfect has kept has been kept
Past perfect had kept had been kept
Future will keep will be kept
Conditional would keep would be kept
Perfect conditional would have kept would have been kept
Present infinitive to keep to be kept
Perfect infinitive to have kept to have been kept
Present keeping being kept
participle/gerund having kept having been kept
Perfect participle
1.

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2. Pada percakapan sehari-hari kadang-kadang digunakan get untuk mengganti be:

• The eggs got (= were) broken.

Telur-telur itu pecah.

• You'll get (=be) sacked if you take any more time off.

Kamu akan dipecat kalau kamu membolos lagi.

3. Dalam teori sebuah kalimat berisi objek langsung dan objek tak gsung, seperti
pada kalimat:

• Someone gave her a dog.

Seseorang memberikan dia seekor anjing.

dapat mempunyai dua bentuk pasif, yaitu:

• She was given a dog.

Dia diberi seekor anjing.

• A dog was given to her.

Seekor anjing diberikan kepadanya.

Pasif pertama lebih banyak digunakan, yaitu objek tak langsung biasanya menjadi
subjek kata kerja pasif.
4. Pertanyaan tentang identitas subjek sebuah kata kerja akåf biasanya dinyatakan
oleh
sebuah afirmatif.

• What delayed you?

Apa yang memperlambatmu?

• Which team won?

Tim mana yang menang?

Pertanyaan tentang subjek kata kerja pasif juga dinyatakan oleh sebuah afirmatif:

• Something was done. — What was done?

Sesuatu dikerjakan. Apa yang dikerjakan?

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 • One of them was sold. Which of them was sold?

Salah satu dari mereka terjual. Yang mana yang terjual?

Kata kerja tanya pada pertanyaan aktif dapat menjadi kata kerja afirmatif pada
pertanyaan pasifr.

• What did they steal? (interrogative)

Apa yang mereka curi? (pertanyaan)

• What was stolen? (affirmative)

Apa yang dicuri? (afirmatif)

Apabila pertanyaan berhubungan dengan pelaku, maka diper• Iukan kata kerja
tanya:

• Who painted it? (affirmative)

Siapa yang mengecat? (afirmatif)

• Who was it painted by? (interrogative)

Dicat oleh siapa itu? (tanya)

C Uses Of Passive Voice
Kalimat pasif digunakan:
1. Apabila tidak perlu menyebutkan pelaku suatu aktivitas karena sudah jelas siapa
orangnya:

• The rubbish hasn't been collected.

Sampah belum diangkut.

• Your hand will be X-rayed.

Tanganmu akan dirontgen.

• The streets are swept every day.

Jalan-jalan disapu setiap hari.

2. Bilamana kita tidak tahu, tidak tahu secara pasti, atau lupa siapa yang melakukan
suatu aktivitas:

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 • The minister was murdered.

Menteri itu dibunuh.

• You'll be met at the station.

Kamu akan dijemput di stasiun.

3. Apabila subjek kata kerja aktif 'people' (orang-orang):

• He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. (People suspect him of receiving

stolen goods).
Dia dicurigai menadah barang curian. (Orang mencurigainya menadah barang
curian).

• They are supposed to be living in New York. (People suppose that they are
living in New York).
Mereka diperkirakan tinggal di New York (Orang memperkirakan bahwa
mereka tinggal di New York).
4. Apabila subjek kalimat aktif berupa kata ganti tak tentu one, rnisalnya:

• Ones sees this sort of advertisement everywhere.

Orang melihat iklan semacam ini di mana-mana.

biasanya dinyatakan:

• This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.

Iklan semacam ini terlihat di mana-mana.

Pada percakapan sehari-hari kita dapat menggunakan kata ganti tak tentu you dan
sebuah kata kerja aktif:

• You see this kind of advertisement everywhere.

Kamu dapat melihat iklan jenis ini di mana-mana.

5. Apabila kita lebih tertarik pada aktivitas daripada orang yang melakukannya:

• The house next door has been bought (by a Mr. Jones).

Rumah sebelah telah dibeli (oleh seorang keluarga Jones).

Tetapi bila kita mengenal Pak Jones, kita menggunakan kalimat aktif:

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 • Your father's friend, Mr. Jones, has bought the house next door.

Ayah temanmu, Pak Jones, telah membeli rumah sebelah.

• A new public library is being built (by our local council).

Sebuah perpustakaan umum baru sedang dibangun (oleh dewan setempat).

Meskipun merupakan bahasa Inggris kurang formal, kita dapat menggunakan kata
ganti tak tentu they dan kata kerja aktif:

• They are building a new public library.

Mereka sedang membangun sebuah perpustakaan umum baru.

Bentuk pasif dapat digunakan untuk menghindari kalimat yang janggal atau tidak
benar menurut gramatika. Biasanya dilakukan dengan cara menghindari
perubahan subjek kalimat:

• When he arrived home, a detective arrested him.

Ketika dia sampai di rumah, seorapg detektif menangkapnya;

lebih baik diungkapkan dengan kalimat:

• When he arrived home, he was arrested (by a detective).

Ketika dia sampai di rumah, dia ditahan (oleh seorang detektif).

• When their mother was ill, their neighbours looked after the children.

Ketika ibu mereka sakit, tetangga mengasuh anak-anaknya.

lebih baik dinyatakan sebagai:

• When their mother was will, the children were looked after by their
neighbours.
Ketika ibu mereka sakit, anak-anak diasuh tetangga.
D Prepositions With Passive Verbs
1. Telah disebutkan sebelumnya bahwa apabila pelaku disebutkan harus didahului
oleh by.
Active : Dufy painted this picture.
Dufy melukis lukisan ini.

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 Passive : This picture was painted by Dufy.
Lukisan ini dilukis oleh Dufy.
Active : What makes these holes?
Apa yang menyebabkan lubang-lubang ini?
Passive : What are these holes made by?
Disebabkan apa lubang-lubang ini?
Bentuk pasif dari kalimat-kalimat Smoke filled the room (Asap memenuhi
ruangan) dan Paint covered the lock (Cat menutupi kunci) adalah The room was
filled with smoke (Ruangan dipenuhi asap) dan The lock was covered with paint
(Kunci ditutupi cat).
2. Apabila sebuah kata kerja + preposisi + kombinasi object diubah menjadi bentuk
pasif, letak preposisi tetap di belakang kata kerja:
Active : We must write to him.
Kita harus menulis surat kepadanya.
Passive : He must be written to.
Dia harus dikirimi surat.
Active : You can play with these cubs quite safely.
Kamu dapat bermain dengan anak-anak Singa ini dengan
sangat aman.
Passive : These cubs can be played with quite safely.
Anak-anak Singa ini dapat dipermainkan dengan sangat
aman.
Begitu pula dengan kata kerja + kombinasi preposisi/kata keterangan:
Active : They threw away the old newspapers.
Mereka membuang surat kabar tua.
Passive : The old newspapers were thrown away.
Surat kabar tua itu dibuang.
Active : He looked after the children well.
Dia mengasuh anak-anak dengan baik.
Passive : The children were well looked after.

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 Anak-anak diasuh dengan baik.
E Infinitive Constructions After Passive Verbs
1. Di belakang kata kerja acknowledge (mengakui), assum e (menduga), believe
(memercayai), claim (menuntut), consider (menganggap), estimate
(memperkirakan), feel (merasakan),find (menemukan), know (mengetahui),
presume (mengira), report (melaporkan), say (mengatakan), think (memikirkan),
understand (mengerti). Kalimat-kalimat tipe People consider/know/think dsb.
that he is ... mempunyai dua macam bentuk pasif:
It is considered/known/thought that he is …
He is considered/known/thought to be …
2. Infinitive yang diletakkan di belakang kata kerja pasif biasanya infinitif penuh:
Active : We saw/them go out.
Kami melihat mereka pergi.
Passive : They were seen to go out.
Mereka terlihat pergi ke luar.
Active : He made us work.
Dia menyuruh kami bekerja.
Passive : We were made to work.
Kami disuruh bekerja.
3. Infinitif bentuk sedang dapat digunakan di belakang bentuk pasif kata kerja
believe, know, report, say, suppose, think, understand:
He is believed/known/said/supposed/thought to be living abroad =
People believe/know/say/suppose/think that he is living abroad.

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 Exercises

Exercis 1 Change the verbs to the passive. Do not change the tense.
e

Example:

Bob mailed the package.

The mail was mailed by Bob.

1. The postman delivers our mail.

Our mail ………………….. by the postman.
2. The children have eaten the cake.
The cake ………………….. by the children.
3. Linda wrote that letter.
That letter ............................. by Linda;
4. The jeweller is going to fix my watch.
My watch …………………. by the jeweller.
5. Mr. Smith will teach our class.
Our class ………………….. by Mr. Smith.
6. That company employs many people.
Many people..........................by that company.
7. The factory has hired Sue.
Sue ………………… by the factory.

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 8. My friend bought my old car.
My old car ………………. by my friend.
9. Mr. Adam will finish the work.
The work ……………. by Mr. Adam.
10. The janitor washed the windows.
The windows …………….. by the janitor.

Exercise 2 Change the sentences from active to passive.

Example:
Columbus discovered the new world.
The new world was discovered by columbus.

1. helicopters fascinste children.

………………………………………………………………………………
2. My mistake embarrassed me.
………………………………………………………………………………
3. The teacher's explanation confused Carlos.
………………………………………………………………………………
4. Thomas edison invented phonograph.
………………………………………………………………………………
5. Water surrounds an island.
………………………………………………………………………………
6. A maid will clean our hotel room.
………………………………………………………………………………
7. A plumber is going to fix the leaky faucet.

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 ………………………………………………………………………………
8. A doctor has examined the sick child.
………………………………………………………………………………
9. The police arresed the robber.
………………………………………………………………………………
10. The secretary is going to type the latter.
………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3 Change The Sentences From Active To Passive. Include The
Exercise 'By Phrase' Only If It Contains Important Information.

Example:
A doctor can prescribe medicine.
Medicine can be prescribed by a doctor.

1. Mr. Hook must sign this report.

………………………………………………………………………………
2. People have to return income tax form by April 15.
………………………………………………………………………………
3. All of the students must do the assignment.
………………………………………………………………………………
4. People cannot control the weather.
………………………………………………………………………………
5. Someone has to pay this bill before the 19.
………………………………………………………………………………
6. Someone might cancel our English class.
………………………………………………………………………………
7. Someone has to send this letter by special delivery.
………………………………………………………………………………
8. Someone may build a new post office on First Street.
………………………………………………………………………………
9. Someone ought to paint that fence.

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 ………………………………………………………………………………
10. Someone has to fix our car before we drive to Chicago.
………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 4 Write Thefollowtng Sentences Using The Adverb In Parentheses In

Three Ways Shown In The Examples Below.

be acquainted be crowded be exhausted

be scared be related be broken
be disappointed be satisfied be spoiled
be located be made be worried

Example:
Dennis isn’t doing well in school this semester.
He is worried about his grades.

1. My shirt................ of cotton.
2. I live in a three-room apartment with four other people.
Our apartment ......................
3. Vietnam…………………… in Southeast Asia.
4. I'm going to go straight to bed tonight. It's been a hard day. I……………...
5. 1 ...............to Jessica Adams. She's my cousin.
6. My tape recorder doesn't work. It …………….
7. We leave a light on in our son's bedroom at night because he …………. of
the dark.
8. Alice thinks her boss should pay her more money. She………………. Not
………….. with her present salary.

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 9. ………………you ……………… with Mrs. Novinsky? Have you ever
met her?
10. This milk doesn't taste right. 1 think it .................. I'm not going to drink it.

Exercise 5 Complete the sentences with the words in the list.

cold full hungry

bald hot hurt

Example:
In winter, the weather gets cold.

1. In summer, the weather gets …………..

2. This food is delicious, but I can't eat anymore. I'm getting …………..
3. Mr. Andersen is losing some of his hair. He's getting ……………..
4. When's dinner? I'm getting ……………….
5. Was it a bad accident? Did anyone get ………….?

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