Active AND Passive Voice

Active AND Passive Voice

Active and Passive Voice

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya,
kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object
kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan
passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-
artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari
active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
 Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
 Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi
perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject
passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap
tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata
‘by’.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan
past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak
ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan
contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is,
am atau are.
Contoh:
 Active : He meets them everyday.
 Passive : They are met by him everyday.
 Active : She waters this plant every two days.
 Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
 Active : He met them yesterday
 Passive : They were met by him yesterday
 Active : She watered this plant this morning
 Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
 Active : He has met them
 Passive : They have been met by him
 Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
 Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliaryhad, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
 Active : He had met them before I came.
 Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
 Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
 Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
 Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
 Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
 Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
 Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
 Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
 Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliarywill have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
 Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
 Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
 Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
 Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have
been’.
Contoh:
 Active : He would have met them.
 Passive : They would have been met by him.
 Active : She would have watered this plant.
 Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is,
am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
 Active : He is meeting them now.
 Passive : They are being met by him now.
 Active : She is watering this plant now.
 Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
 i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah
(was atau were) + being.
Contoh:
 Active : He was meeting them.
 Passive : They were being met by him.
 Active : She was watering this plant.
 Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah
(has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
 Active : He has been meeting them.
 Passive : They have been being met by him.
 Active : She has been watering this plant.
 Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
 Active : He had been meeting them.
 Passive : They had been being met by him.
 Active : She had been watering this plant.
 Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be
+ being.
Contoh:
 Active : He will be meeting them.
 Passive : They will be being met by him.
 Active : She will be watering this plant.
 Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
 Active : He would be meeting them.
 Passive : They would be being met by him.
 Active : She would be watering this plant.
 Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
 Active : He will have been meeting them.
 Passive : They will have been being met by him.
 Active : She will have been watering this plant.
 Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
 Active : He would be meeting them.
 Passive : They would be being met by him.
 Active : She would be watering this plant.
 Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Contoh-contoh yang lain:
1. Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang
berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia
dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).
3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh
adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).
4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa.
Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).
5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid
sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).
 Contoh active and passive voice
 Help the poor (active)
 Let the poor be helped (passive)
 The teacher enjoyed teaching the students (active)
 The students enjoyed being taught by the teacher (passive)
 He gave me a book (active)
 A book was given to me by him (passive 1)
 I was given a book by him (passive 2)
 I consider her very pretty (active)
 She is considered very pretty (passive)
 We regretted that the principal had to resign from office (active)
 It was regretted that the principal had to resign from office (passive)
Contoh tenses bahasa Inggris berkenaan dengan active voice dan
passive voice ini telah dijelaskan dalam debat tenses bahasa Inggris. Untuk
mengingat kembaili mari kita lihatcontoh tenses bahasa Inggris active &
passive berikut ini :
Tenses Contoh Aktif Contoh Pasif
Simple She drives the car The car is driven by her
Present
Simple Past She drove the car The car was driven by her
Simple Future She will drive the car The car will be driven by
her
Present She is driving the car The car is being driven by
Continuous her
Past She was driving the The car was being driven
Continuous car by her
Future She will be driving The car will be being
Continuous the car driven by her
Present She has driven the The car has been driven by
Perfect car her
Past Perfect She had driven the The car had been driven
car by her
Future She will have driven The car will have been
Perfect the car driven by her
Present She has been driving The car has been being
Perfect the car driven by her
Continuous
Past Perfect She had been driving The car had been being
Continuous the car driven by her
Future She will have been The car would have been
Perfect driving the car being driven by her
Continuous
Past Future She would drive the The car would be driven by
 car her
Past Future She would be driving The car would be being Ketera
Continuous the car driven by her car ngan :
Past Future She would have The car would have been Untuk
Perfect driven the car driven by her car Huruf
Past Future She would have been The car would have been yang
Perfect driving the car being driven by her berwar
Continuous na HIJ
AU,
dalam teori tenses Bahasa Inggris memang tidak digunakan. Jika pada
kalimat aktif saja tidak digunakan maka secara otomatis pada kalimat pasif
pun demikian.
Sedang untuk Huruf yang berwarnaMERAH, kalimat pasif pada tenses future
continuous,present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, dan future
perfect continuous dalam teori tenses bahasa Inggris jarang sekali
digunakan.
1.
Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive : They would be being met by him.

2.
Active : She would be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

3.
Active : He is meeting them now.
Passive : They are being met by him now.

4.
Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

5.
Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

Active and Passive Voice

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat Aktif dan Kalimat Pasif
Kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice (ragam gramatikal), aktif dan pasif.
1) Bentuk aktif adalah orang, binatang, atau benda yang ditunjukkan oleh subjek dikatakan
melakukan sesuatu pada yang lain.
Contoh: Karim killed a tiger. Karim membunuh seekor harimau
2) Bentuk pasif adalah orang, binatang atau benda dikatakan menderita sesuatu dari sesuatu yang
lain.
Contoh: A tiger was killed by Karim. Seekor harimau dibunuh oleh Karim
Bentuk pasif :
To Be + Past Participle
Aturan-aturan :
a) Kata kerja transitif tidak digunakan dalam bentuk pasif, kecuali kalau kata kerja itu
menggunakan cognate object dalam bentuk aktif.
Aktif : She sang a fine song. Ia menyanyikan sebuah nyanyian yang merdu
Pasif : A fine song was sung by her. Sebuah nyanyian yang merdu dinyanyikan olehnya
b) Bilamana kalimat diubah dari bentuk aktif ke pasif, objek untuk kata kerja aktif
menjadi subjek untuk kalimat kerja pasif.
objek untuk kata kerja aktif :
Aktif: Linda can make tarts. Linda dapat membuat kue tart
Subjek untuk kata kerja pasif :
Pasif: Tarts can be made by Linda
c) Retained object (objek yang tetap dipakai/dipertahankan dalam pasif)
Dua buah objek dalam kalimat aktif, ketika diubah menjadi kalimat pasif, masih tetap ada sebuah
objek dipertahankan, objek ini dinamakan retained object. Objek ini mungkin objek tak langsung
dari kata kerja aktif atau objek langsung dari kata kerja aktif.
Objek tak langsung dari kata kerja aktif
Kata Kerja aktif Kata kerja pasif
We gave him a prize A prize was given him by us
Objek langsung dari kata kerja aktif
Kata Kerja aktif Kata kerja pasif
We gave him a prize He was given a prize by us
Berikut contoh-contoh kalimat aktif yang dirubah menjadi kalimat pasif dalam bentuk tenses :
1) Simple present
Aktif Pasif
John bites Mary Mary is bitten by John
John doesn’t bite Mary Mary isn’t bitten by John
Does John bite Mary? Is Mary bitten by John?
What does John do? What is done by John?
Who bites Mary? Who is Mary bitten by?
Who does John bite? Who is bitten by John?
2) Simple continuous
Aktif Pasif
John is biting Mary Mary is being bitten by John
John isn’t biting Mary Mary isn’t being bitten by John
Is John biting Mary? Is Mary being bitten by John?
What is John doing? What is being done by John?
Who is biting Mary? Who is Mary being bitten by?
Who is John biting? Who is being bitten by John?
3) Present perfect
Aktif Pasif
John has bitten Mary Mary has been bitten by John
John hasn’t bitten Mary Mary hasn’t been bitten by John
Has John bitten Mary? Has Mary been bitten by John?
What has John done? What has been done by John?
Who has bitten Mary? Who has Mary been bitten by?
Who has John bitten? Who has been bitten by John?
4) Present perfect continuous
Aktif Pasif
John has been biting Mary Mary has been being bitten by John
John hasn’t been biting Mary Mary hasn’t been being bitten by John
Has John been biting Mary? Has Mary been being bitten by John?
What has John been doing? What has been being done by John?
Who has been biting Mary? Who has Mary been being bitten by?
Who has John been biting? Who has been being bitten by John?
5) Simple past
Aktif Pasif
John bit Mary Mary was bitten by John
John didn’t bite Mary Mary wasn’t bitten by John
Did John bite Mary? Was Mary bitten by John?
What did John do? What was done by John?
Who bit Mary? Who was Mary bitten by?
Who did John bite? Who was bitten by John?
6) Past continuous
Aktif Pasif
John was biting Mary Mary was being bitten by John
John wasn’t biting Mary Mary wasn’t being bitten by John
Was John biting Mary? Was Mary being bitten by John?
What was John doing? What was being done by John?
Who was biting Mary? Who was Mary being bitten by?
Who was John biting? Who was being bitten by John?
7) Past perfect
Aktif Pasif
John had bitten Mary Mary had been bitten by John
John hadn’t bitten Mary Mary hadn’t been bitten by John
Had John bitten Mary? Had Mary been bitten by John?
What had John done? What had been done by John?
Who had bitten Mary? Who had Mary been bitten by?
Who had John bitten? Who had been bitten by John?
Past perfect continuous
Aktif Pasif
John had been biting Mary Mary had been being bitten by John
John hadn’t been biting Mary Mary hadn’t been being bitten by John
Had John been biting Mary? Had Mary been being bitten by John?
What had John been doing? What had been being done by John?
Who had been biting Mary? Who had Mary been being bitten by?
Who had John been biting? Who had been being bitten by John?
9) Future
Aktif Pasif
John will bite Mary Mary will be bitten by John
John won’t bite Mary Mary won’t be bitten by John
Will John bite Mary? Will Mary be bitten by John?
What will John do? What will be done by John?
Who will bite Mary? Who will Mary be bitten by?
Who will John bite? Who will be bitten by John?
10) Future continuous
Aktif Pasif
John will be biting Mary Mary will be being bitten by John
John won’t be biting Mary Mary won’t be being bitten by John
Will John be biting Mary? Will Mary be being bitten by John?
What will John be doing? What will be being done by John?
Who will be biting Mary? Who will Mary be being bitten by?
Who will John be biting? Who will be being bitten by John?
11) Future perfect
Aktif Pasif
John will have bitten Mary Mary will have been bitten by John
John won’t have bitten Mary Mary won’t have been bitten by John
Will John have bitten Mary? Will Mary have been bitten by John?
What will John have done? What will have been done by John?
Who will have bitten Mary? Who will Mary have been bitten by?
Who will John have bitten? Who will have been bitten by John?
12) Future perfect continuous
Aktif Pasif
John will have been biting Mary Mary will have been being bitten by John
John won’t have been biting Mary Mary won’t have been being bitten by John
Will John have been biting Mary? Will Mary have been being bitten by John?
What will John have been doing? What will have been being done by John?
Who will have been biting Mary? Who will Mary have been being bitten by?
Who will John have been biting? Who will have been being bitten by John?
Kata-kata kerja transitif kadang-kadang mempunyai arti pasif walaupun bentuk kalimatnya
adalah aktif :
a) Dengan komplemen
Sugar tastes sweet (pasif: sugar is sweet when it is tasted). Gula manis rasanya (gula manis bila
dirasakan)
b) Tanpa komplemen
The books is printing (pasif: the book is being printed). Buku itu sedang dicetak
The cows are milking (pasif: the cows are being milked). Sapi-sapi itu sedang diperah
Kesimpulan :
TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE
Simple Present Mary Helps John John is helped by Mary
Present Mary is helping John John is being helped by Mary
Continuous Mary has helped John John has been helped by Mary
Present Perfect Mary helped John John was helped by Mary
Past Tense Mary was helping John John was being helped by Mary
Past Continuous Mary will help John John will be helped by Mary
Simple Future Mary is going to help John John is going to be by Mary
Be going to Mary had helped John John helped by Mary
Past perfect Mary will have John John had been helped by Mary
Future perfect helped will have been
helped
Perhatian: Semua bentuk pasif verbnya menggunakan bentuk ketiga (V3)
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Active voice adalah kalimat yang subjeknya melakukan pekerjaan.
Contoh:
Azam eats mango. (Azam makan mangga)
Note: Azam = S (melakukan pekerjaan makan)
Passive voice adalah kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan.
Contoh:
Mango is eaten by Azam. (mangga dimakan Azam)
Note: Mango = S (dikenai pekerjaan makan)
Kalimat yang dapat diubah dari aktif menjadi pasif adalah kalimat transitif (kalimat yang memiliki
objek).
Contoh:
Active : Mary helped the boy.
S + V + O
Passive : The boy was helped by Mary.
S V
Active : An accident happened.
S V
Passive : (tidak ada)

Pola dasar kalimat aktif dan pasif:

Perhatikan perubahan tenses dari kalimat aktif ke pasif dalam tabel di bawah ini:

Penggunaan kalimat pasif:

a. ‘By’ digunakan dalam kalimat pasif apabila pelaku pekerjaan perlu untuk diketahui.
Contoh:
‘Life on the Mississippi’ was written by Mark Twain.
b. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila tidak perlu diketahui pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh:
The streets are swept every day.
c. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita tidak tahu atau lupa siapa pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh:
The professor was murdered.
d. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila subject pada kalimat aktif adalah ‘people’.
Contoh:
He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. (People suspect him of …)
e. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila subject pada kalimat aktif berupa indefinite pronoun ‘one’.
Contoh:
Active : One sees this sort of advertisement everywhere.
Passive : This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.
f. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita lebih tertarik dengan pekerjaan (action) daripada siapa pelaku
pekerjaan.
Cotoh:
A new public library is being built.
g. Kalimat pasif dapat digunakan untuk menghindari kalimat yang janggal atau tidak sesuai dengan
tata bahasa.
Contoh:
When he arrived home a detective arrested him.
Akan lebih baik :
When he arrived home he was arrested (by a detective).