1

Seperti

halnya

diketahui bahwa kemampuan Inggris itu ada empat macam, yaitu reading, writing, speaking dan
listening. Usaha untuk mencapai kemampuan berbahasa Inggris, baik secara lesan maupun secara
tertulis, perlu kiranya mempelajari struktur bahasa Inggris karena

tata bahasa mempunyai

peranan yang sangat penting untuk memahami ke empat kemampuan berbahasa tersebut diatas..
Buku ini merupakan rangkuman dari berbagai sumber pengajaran bahasa Inggris, yang
didalamnya mengandung rumus rumus, uraian, contoh contoh kalimat dan latihan latihan
berbagai jenis.
Tujuan pengadaan diktat ini adalah untuk membantu para siswa mempelajari struktur
bahasa Inggris lebih mendalam dan berlatih berbagai macam soal soal latihan serta
mempraktekkan hal hal yang telah dipelajari, sehingga pemahaman materi yang telah dipelajari
akan lebih mudah dimengerti dan diingat. Sebagian besar latihan latihan soal berupa pilihan
ganda, sebagian berupa uraian.
Dengan demikian para siswa akan membiasakan diri dengan pembatasan tata bahasa, tidak
perlu menghafal dalil dalilnya, tetapi bisa langsung mempraktekkan dalam latihan latihan soal.
Teori teori dan latihan latihan sangat erat hubungannya, sehingga kekurangan teori akan
mengurangi kelancaran mengerjakan latihan latihan. Maka disarankan agar teori dipelajari
dengan saksama agar hasil yang dicapai bisa maksimal.
Tentu saja buku ini jauh dari sempurna, namun kami berharap apa yang telah kami lakukan
ini bisa bermanfaat serta membantu para siswa SMA, khususnya SMA 2 Klaten dalam
memahami bahasa Inggris, khususnya tata bahasa Inggris, dalam rangka persiapan menghadapi
ulangan harian, ulangan semesteran, ujian nasional dan masuk perguruan tinggi.
Terima kasih dan selamat belajar, semoga sukses selalu. Amin.
Klaten, 01 Agustus 2005.
Wassalam
Presented to :
1. My beloved wife Supiati SSiT. M.Kes

Sudirman SPd

2. My beloved daughter Nina Rahmadiliyani. Amd.Keb, S.Kep, MPH

3. My beloved sons :
a) Nurokhamt Fadli Sudirman SPd M.Pd
b) Muhamad Seto Sudirman. SST, M.Med

DAFTAR ISI
1

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.

Pendahuluan
Daftar Isi
Concord / Agreement
Subject and Verb Agreement
Tenses:
a) Present tense
b) Present Continuous tense
c) Present perfect tense
d) Present perfect continuous tense
e) Past tense
f) Past continuous tense
g) Past perfect tense
h) Past perfect continuous tense
i) Future tense
j) Future continuous tense
k) Future perfect tense
Modals
Compound Sentences / Relative Pronouns
Relative Clause
Elliptical Construction
Question Tags and Responses
Passive Voice
Conditional Sentences
Verb Patterns
Direct Indirect Speech
Causative Have and Get
Preference
Subjunctive with wish
Subjunctive with if only and would rather
Subjunctive with as if and as though
Dependent Independent Clause
Active Participle
Concord / Agreement (Lanjutan)
Invinitive
Word Order
Passive Voice (Lanjutan)
Subjunctive (Lanjutan)
Conditional Sentences
(Lanjutan)
Elliptical Sentences (Lanjutan)
D e r i v a t i v e s / Kata Jadian
Dependent Clauses (Lanjutan)
T e n s e s (Lanjutan)
Sentence Connectors
Requests, Imperatives, Commands and Responses
Adjectives, Adjective Phrases, Adjective Clauses
Nouns, Noun Phrases, Noun Clauses
Comparisons of Adjectives / Adverbs
Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns
Relative Pronouns (Lanjutan)
WH Questions
too + Adj + V1; adj + enough + V1; so..that; such (a)..that
Subjunctive with wish, as if, as though
Subjunctive with if only, would rather
like better than; prefer to
so that ; such that
not only ; but also ; but
Collectives Nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Comparison of adjectives
Gender
Antonym
Synonym
List of Irregular verbs
Daftar Pustaka / Daftar Riwayat Perangkum

1
2
3
7
9
9
10
10
10
11
12
13
13
15
15
15
20
23
25
28
28
28
32
34
42
45
47
48
49
50
52
56
59
60
62
64
64
65
65
66
66
68
69
70
71
72
75
77
78
79
92
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
102
103
104
114
125

1) CONCORD / AGREEMENT : kesesuaian penggunaan subject dengan predicate nya

atau pokok kalimat dng kata kerjanya (verb); noun dengan pronoun, adjective dng noun
2

Kata kata dalam kalimat harus disesuaikan dengan subject.

a) Bila subject nya berbentuk tunggal, maka kata kerjanya pun berbentuk tunggal.
E g. * Each decade reveals (menyatakan, membk, menampakan) interesting personalities.
b) Bila subject nya berbentuk jamak, maka kata kerjanya juga jamak.
Eg. * Personalities are a part of history.
c) Bila subject nya majemuk, maka kata kerjanya berbentuk jamak.
Eg. Even you and I are history makers.
d) Sebuah kalimat berawal dengan kata kata seperti : there; here atau where, maka subject
nya langsung mengikuti atau berada sesudah kata kerja.
Eg. There are persons like Rogers to consider.
e) Bila sebuah kalimat dng predicate kata benda berada setelah subject, maka kata kerjanya
langsung mengikuti subject dan buka setelah predicate.
Eg. * His philosophy was troth and whimsicality neatly blended.
Noun Pronoun.
Kata kata pengganti nama benda (pronoun) harus ditempatkan setelah gender (jenis kelamin)
atau juga setelah number (nomor), dengan kata lain pronoun ditempatkan setelah kata benda.
* Will Rogers was proud of his Indian blood? * Few would say that they were to blame.
* Jack and John have their reports organized. * Neither would say that he was to blame.
* Neither jack nor John has finished his yet. * Neither std nor teacher has offered his ideas
Noun - Adjective
Eg. * This story is a good one.
* These anecdotes are interesting.

* That one is even better.

* Those kinds add punch.(pukulan, kekuatan)

Subject yang dialawai : every..; neither of; one of ..; each ..; either of .;
maka kata kerja / kata bantunya berbentuk singular. Eg. * Every one likes her.
Bila subject nya menggunakan : Neither .nor; either ..or; maka kata kerjanya
/kata bantunya disesuaikan dengan bentuk subject setelah nor atau or.
Eg. * Neither Seto nor his friends are here. * Neither his friends nor Seto is here.
Neither ..(+Noun)nor ; Either ..(+Noun) ..or } plural noun plural verb / plural aux verb
Neither (+Noun) ..nor ; Either (+Noun) ..or}+ sing noun plural verb /plural aux verb
Kata kata seperti dalam daftar dibawah ini selalu dianggap tunggal / singular.
No one. Nobody. Nothing. Something. Someone. Somebody. Anything. Anyone. Anybody

Eg. * No one comes to school on Sundays.

Kata ganti ( Pronouns)

First person singular

First person plural
Second person singular
Second person plural
3rd person sing masculine
Third person sing feminine
Third person neutral
Third person plural

Subj

Object

I
We
You
You
He
She
It
They

Me
Us
You
You
Him
Her
It
Them

Possessive
Pronoun
My
Our
Your
Your
His
Her
Its
Their

Independence
possessive p
Mine
Ours
Yours
Yours
His
Hers
-Theirs

Reflexive
pronoun
Myself
Ourselves
Yourself
Yourselves
Himself
Herself
Itself
Themselves

SDM 5/28/2005 2:52:28 PM

My name is Seto. Im a student of high school. Ali is my classmate. He is an industrious

(rajin, tekun, getol) student. Everybody likes him. Ali always does his homework by himself.
And this is Nina. Shes my older sister. She always helps our mother. Ali and Nina are very
nice. They always help me.
3

EXERCISE 1. Choose the best answers

by crossing A, B, C or D for each answer.

12. The investor and scientist contributors.

A. was.
D. is.
B. be.
E. are.
C. am.
13. Neither you nor I ..exempt (bebas)
A. is.
D. was.
B. are.
E. am.
C. be
14. Either present days or future time
going to be the witness (saksi)
A. was.
D. is.
B. were.
E. are.
C. am.
15. There ..no bitter stings, said Jones.

1. Has Bill done work?

A. hers.
D. she.
B. it.
E. his.
C. her.
2. is your fathers name?
A. Who.
D. Whose.
B. What.
E. Whom.
C. Which
3. The fish I paid three thousands
rupiahs is quite tartly (amis)
A. which.
D. for what.
B. for whom.
E. for which.
C. with whom
4. The girl..lives next door is my
best friend.
A. who.
D. whose.
B. whos.
E. what.
C. that
5. Boys .houses are far away need not
come for the inter school games?
A. who.
B. whose.
C. of whom.
D. whos
E. whom
6. If you dont have a pencil you can use
one .
A. mine.
B. of me.
C. on me.
D. of mine.
E. yours
7. Please ..me away from here, the
child begs his mother.
A. taking.
D. taken.
B. take.
E. takes.
C. took.
8. At what timethe train arrive at the
station?
A. does.
D. do.
B. is.
E. be.
C. did
9. Iwear the shoes because they
were the wrong size.
A. shouldnt.
D. couldnt.
B. could.
E. dont
C. can
10. .you sit down? the doctor
asked me when I entered his room.
A. Dont.
D. Shant.
B. Doesnt.
E. Wont
C. Isnt
11. Many kind of persons ..in making history
A. helping.
D. helped.
B. help.
E. to help
C. was helping

A. was.
D. is.
B. be.
E. are
C. am
16. There kindly jokes.
A. is.
D. be.
B. were.
E. are.
C. was
17. Probably everybody in your class
read biography of Shakespeare.
A. has.
D. had.
B. have.
E. hadnt
C. hasnt
18. His humor had not barbs, .had only
kindliness.
A. it.
D. its.
B. isnt.
E. they.
C. she
19. John ..how to behave ..in class.
A. doesnt know .himself.
B. doesnt knows.themselves.
C. dont know.himself.
D. doesnt know.himself.
E. didnt know.. herself.
20. What is the correct with the following
sentences?
A. My brother sing well.
B. My brother sings well.
C. My brother singing well.
D. My brother am singing well.
E. My brotherss sing well
23. A. I have a headache.
B. I has a headache.
C. I have my headache.
D. I had my headache.
E. I hasnt buy a book.
24. A. You was wrong to do that.
B. You are wrong to do that.
C. You are wrongs to do that.
D. You were wrong to do that.
E. You was wrong to take it.

EXERCISE 2. For the following questions,

choose the best answer of the options below.
1. One of us always ...our school lesson at
home
A. read.
D. reads.
B. are reading.
E. will read.

C. was reading.
2. The teacher gave his students the
opportunity to find own solution to
solve the problem.
A. our.
D. his.
B. her.
E. their.
4

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

C. its
Neither the students nor their teacher
..careless.
A. is.
D. are.
B. am.
E. were.
C. be
The number of people attending the
concert ..not as had been
expected.
A. was.
D. be.
B. being.
E. were.
C. are
The school has a lot of classrooms, each
of them equipped with an overhead
projector.
A . are.
D. is.
B. they re.
E. to be.
C. were
Neither of those students the work
on time.
A. able to finish.
B. finish.
C. is able to finish.
D. were able to finish.
E. finished
Mathematics .for those students.
A. are more difficult subject.
B. is the most difficult subject.
C. were not difficult.
D. are not difficult.
E. is the easiest.
9. People ...that pride goes before a fall
A. says.
D. say.
B. is saying.
E. has said.
C. was saying
Seto doesnt have a pen. Seto doesnt have
a pen. The two sentences can be combined
into :
A. Seto doesnt have a pen but paper.
B. Seto has neither nor paper.
C. Seto has either a pen or paper.
D. Seto doesnt have a pen and also
a paper.
E. Seto doesnt have a paper only.

EXERCISE 3. Choose the correct answer

by crossing A, B, C or D.
1. I have forgotten my pen again. Well, you
can use one of
A. me.
D. myself.
B. my.
E. mine.
E. yours.
2. Both my brother and I refused to sign the
position. Nobody could force to do
it.

13. Neither the students nor their professor

happy about the result of the
experiment.
A. have been.
D. were.
B. are.
E. was.
C. has been

A. him.
D. them.
B. me.
E. us.
C. him.
3. We must give the students the
opportunity to find ..our solution on
that problem.
A. their.
D. are.
B. her.
E. our.
C. his
4. The number of students who pass the
final exam extra ordinary big.
A. is.
D. are.
B. was.
E. were.
E. am
5. 5. The old house is very large, most of
.doors are made of jati wood.
A. their.
D. its.
B. his.
E. her.
C. your
6. An old man asked my friend and
what the time was.
A. I .
D. myself.
B. mine.
E. me.
C. you
7. ..always
busy
doing
many
activities.
A. The youngs are.
B. The young is.
C. The youngs is.
D. The young are.
E. The young was
8. People .that pride goes before a fall.
A. says.
D. is saying.
B. has said.
E. say
E. said
9. The correct plural form is
A. deers.
D. deer.
B. deerse.
E. deeres.
C. deers
10. The committee of fifteen people.
A. consists.
D. is consisted.
B. are consisting. E. consist.
E. is consisting
11. The were still very busy
cooking.
A. cook.
D. cooker.
B. cookies.
E. cookers
E. cooking
12. The house is old; two of .doors
are broken.
A. its.
D. her.
B. their.
E. his.
E. your

14. He was the only one who passed

the English test , means .
A. He alone passed the English test.
B.
He passed the English test only.
C. He passed only the English test. D.
He
passed the only English test.
15.The correct sentence is ..
5

A. Im a student of SMA 2 Klaten.

B.
A. His best trousers is in the laundry. B.
Nina is a nurse of the General Hospital
Nina and her friend was at home.
C. Ali have a sore throat.
D.
C. A list have been stolen.
D.
Seto is my fathers brother.
The people in that car are happy.
26. The police here already.
16. The guest ..in the lobby is Mr
A. is.
B. were.
C.
are.
Namridus.
D. was.
A. wait.
B. waited.
C.
is
27. The team .successfully.
waiting.
D. waiting.
A. has done its task.
B.
17.Ali and Seto usually .together in the
has done their task.
evening.
C. has done his task.
D. have
A. study.
B. to study.
C.
done their task.
will study.
D. studies.
28. The most appropriate sentence is
18.Which of the following sentences is
A. This morning you gave me the quickly
correct ?
the book at home.
A. Where is my spectacle?
B. Quickly this morning you gave me the
B. Where are my spectacles?
book at home.
C. Where are my spectacles?
D.
C. You gave me the book quickly at home
Where are my spectacles?
this morning.
19. My friend George has come to see me. His
D. You gave me the book this morning at
father and .used to be school mates.
home quickly.
A. I.
B. me.
C.
29. The .were having a meeting in
myself.
D. my.
the library.
20.The are running in the Artic.
A. staff.
B. staffs.
C. stuff.
A. mice.
B. mices.
C. mouse.
D. stuffs.
D. moses.
30. The ..lives next door.
21.Only a few boys .to join the trip.
A. man young poor. B. poor young man.
A. to be willing.
B. is willing.
C. young man poor. D. man poor young.
C. was willing. D. are willing.
31. Do many of you find difficulties in doing
22. I .often help me.
the test? No, finds difficulties in doing
A. lady old kind.
B. lady kind old. C.
the test.
old lady kind. D. kind old lady.
A. none.
B. others do not. C. do not
23. .has broken the window. I am going
many. D. some.
to repair it.
32. Mrs. Sudirman wants a flower garden. A
A. Anybody. B. Someone.
C.
flower garden means..
Everyone.
D. Everybody.
A. a flower in the garden.
B.
24. Mr. Sudirman and I .here yesterday.
a garden for flowers.
A. were.
B. are.
C.
C. a flower for the garden.
D.
was.
D. is.
a flower with the garden.
25. Which of the following sentences is not
correct?
33. My mother always ..to make .children live happily.
A. want their.
B. wants their. C. want his.
D. wants her.
34. Are all of the students in this class present today? Yes, are present today
A. all of them B. all them
C. none of them D. some of them
35. One of the students ..for the principal in the office.
A. wait.
B. are waiting.
C. have to wait. D. is waiting.
36. Our first trip was interesting but our second one was even more interesting.
A. the most B. as as.
C. a most .
D. more.
37. Everybody knows Titik Puspa. She is .
A. an Indonesian singer well known. B. a singer Indonesian well known.
C. a well known Indonesian singer. D. a well known singer Indonesian.
38. are disease carries.
A. Mice.
B. Mouse.
C. Mouses.
D. Mices.
39. One of the school boys .to meet the teacher.
A. run.
B. is running.
C. have run.
D. are running.
40. Neither I nor my students at school yesterday.
A. was.
B. am.
C. is.
D. were.
41. A mother bought her son a and two..
A. pencil book. B. pencil books.
C. pencils book.
D. pencils books.
SDM 5/28/2005 2:59 PM

42. The arrangement of their houses .very good.

A. be.
B. is.
C. had been.
D. are.
43. The cattle .allowed to gaze in the field yesterday.
A. is.
B. was.
C. were.
D. are
44. There are few ..in our school.
A. ladies teachers. B. lady teacher.C. ladies teacher.
D. lady teachers.
45. The people ..excited about the news.
A. is.
B. were.
C. is not.
D. was.
46. The public .requested not leave dither in these woods.
A. is.
B. are.
C. is being.
D. was.
47. .? My neighbors .
A. What kind of magazines did he borrow. B. Whom did he borrow the magazines from
C. Who borrowed the magazines.
D. Where did he borrow the magazines from.
48. The number of people attending the concert .not had been expected.
A. was.
B. be.
C. being.
D. were.
49. It was a miracle that neither the passengers nor the driver ..injured in the accident.
A. they were. B. was.
C. to be.
D. were
50. Producing fine paintings skill and creativity.
A. require.
B. they require. C. is requiring.
D. requires.
51. The school has a lot of classrooms, each of them equipped with an overhead projector.
A. are.
B. is.
C. they are.
D. being.
52. Neither football players nor their coach .satisfied with the referees decision.
A. was.
B. were.
C. be.
D. being.
53. Neither of these schools ..the requirements for our pilot project.
A. meet
B. it meets
C. They meet
D. meet
54. The production process in the textile plant ..to be monitored.
A. need

B. is needed

C. needs

D. are needed

2. SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT.

2.1. The singular Verb
1) Kata kerja tunggal digunakan bila suatu kata benda kolektif dianggap sebagai suatu
keseluruhan.
Eg. * Your class is very noisy.
* Our school staff is over a hundred.
A herd of cattle is blocking the traffic
2) Digunakan bila ungkapan berikut digunakan kata : one, each of, much, every,
someone, anybody, anything, everyone, somebody.
Eg. * Everyone is in the room.
* Sso was watching when were at the
market
Much of what they said isnt true. * Each of us was allowed to borrow two books.
One of the girls is not coming.
3) Digunakan juga bila kata benda abstrak atau kata benda tak dapat dihitung dipergunakan.
Eg. * Patience is a virtue.(kebaikan)
Too much salt is bad for health. * Al the equipment is damaged.
Knowledge is power.
* Your information is not accurate.
4) Digunakan bila kata benda jamak sejumlah tertentu yang dianggap sbg suatu keseluruhan
Eg. * Three weeks is long time indeed.
* Ten kilometers is too far for us to walk.
* Five thousands rupiah is not a lot of money.
5) Bila nama atau gelar suatu object tunggal disebutkan.
Eg. * Beauty and Beast is a fairy tale.
* The King was screened on TV
recently
6) Digunakan dengan ungkapan : with, as well as, including, & together with
Eg. * The bus driver, as well as the passengers was not injured.
Jill, together with Jack and Jim, has gone to the cinema.
Sdm Saturday, May 28, 2005

2.2. The Plural Verb.

1) Verba jamak digunakan bila dua/lebih subjects / pokok kalimat digabungkan dengan and.
Eg. * Seto and Dedy are boy scouts.
Walking and jogging are two popular forms of exercising.
2) Digunakan bila unit perorangan suatu kolektif noun difikirkan / diperhitungkan.
Eg. * The audience were thrilled by the fine performance.
The crew are choosing their captain now.
EXERCISE 4. For the following questions, choose the best answer form the options below.
1. . ..everyone have his or her passports?
A. Is.
B. Are.
C. Does.
D. Were.
2. None of the equipment ..suitable for the operation.
A. are.
B. is.
C. were.
D. does
3. One of the mans sons a lawyer.
A. are.
B. were.
C. is.
D. does
4. Either you or I going to have to take over.
A. are.
B. were.
C. is.
D. does
5. Im afraid thereno one at home now.
A. is.
B. are.
C. has.
D. have
6. There a lot of dust on the desks.
A. is.
B. were.
C. are.
D. have
7. .Aisahs grandmother ill?
A. Are
B. Is.
C. Were.
D. Will.
8. The captain and his crew saved from the fire.
A. has.
B. was.
C. is.
D. were.
9. Someone ..tampering with the meter just now.
A. was.
B. were.
C. are.
D. does.
10. Neither I nor you ..qualified for the post.
A. am.
B. is.
C. are.
D. had.
11. The goats as well as the cows ..in the field.
A. have.
B. are.
C. was.
D. were.
12. The scenery on the summit ..just fantastic.
A. is.
B. are.
C. were.
D. does
13. Fifty dollars a month certainly sufficient for you.
A. is.
B. are.
C. were.
D. has.
14. Nobody .will to help the poor victim.
A. will.
B. is.
C. are.
D. were.
15. ..you sure Lena will agree to the terms?
A. Has.
B. Is.
C. Was.
D. Are
EXERCISE 5. For each of the following questions, choose the best answer from the options.
1. Both the children well behaved.
A. is.
B. was.
C. does.
D. are.
2. Im sure everyone .doing their homework.
A. is.
B. have.
C. were.
D. are.
3. .the cat drinking the milk?
A. Is.
B. Do.
C. Were.
D. Are
4. The girls very fond of pop songs.
A. have.
B. are.
C. is.
D. was.
5. Those books .Ainis now they mine.
A. is.
B. are.
C. were.
D. was
6. Only one of the students ..taking the Art test.
A. are.
B. is.
C. were.
D. does
7. Palm oil and petroleum ..two of our main exports.
A. is.
B. are.
C. was.
D. were.
8. Someone .taken the money from the box. It is empty.
A. has.
B. have. C. is.
D. are
Sdm 5/28/05
8

9. None of the pupils .participating in the play.

A. are.
B. is.
C. has.
D. was.
10. .your father taking a nap?(tidur sebentar di siang hari)
A. Does.
B. Is.
C. Are.
D. Were
11. The pupils .not happy with their result.
A. is.
B. are.
C. do.
D. were
12. Each child given a present.
A. are.
B. has.
C. was.
D. does
13. Five weeks of holiday ..quite long for most of us.
A. is.
B. are.
C. were.
D. do.
14. Each boy and girl a duty to perform.
A. were.
B. are.
C. have.
D. has.
15. The news that Ramli has migrated to Australia true.
A. are.
B. is.
C. were.
D. has.
3.

T E N S E S. 1
1) Simple Present tense.(Bentuk Kata kerja sederhana waktu sekarang)
Subj Subject + Verb 1 (+s/es)

Present tense digunakan utk menyatakan suatu perbuatan /kegiatan yang dilakukan setiap saat,
setiap hari atau merupakan perbuatan yang diulang ulang atau merupakan kebiasaan.
Kalimat semacam ini kadang kadang diikuti oleh keterangan waktu seperti : everyday, every
week, on Sundays, once a day, twice a week, etc.
Kadang kadang diikuti juga oleh adverbs of frequency misalnya : always, seldom, rarely,
generally, usually, ever, never, sometimes. For examples :
* I / you / we / they work hard everyday. * He / she / it works hard everyday.
Rumus kalimat positive

: Subject + Verb (+s/es) + .

Nina
+ goes + to school at 6 oclock.
Rumus kalimat negatif
: Subject + does + not + Verb 1 + .
Nina
+ does not + go + to school at 6 oclock.
Rumus kalimat pertanyaan : Do / does + Subject + Verb1 + .?
Does
+ she
+ go + to school at 6 oclock?
Yes, she does.
No, she doesnt.

2) Present Continuous tense (Bentuk kata kerja sekarang sedang berlangsung)

Subj Subject + am / is / are + Verb 1 + ing +
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan / kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung diwaktu
sekarang atau sedang berlangsung pada saat dibicarakan. Bentuk kata kerja ini kadang kadang
diikuti keterangan waktu seperti : now, right now, at this moment, at present, this week, this
month, at the present time, etc.
Kebanyakan kata kerja b Inggris dapat digunakan dalam bentuk Present continuous tense
ini. Ada beberapa kata kerja yang tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk ini, bila mereka
digunakan, maka akan berubah artinya. Kata kerja tsb adalah : see, hear, smell, notice,
recognize, remember, feel, taste, believe, doubt, forget, imagine, know, recall, understand,
desire, forgive, like, hate, love, prefer, want, wish.
Eg. * Im seeing him this afternoon. (means : Im visiting him this afternoon).
Rumus kalimat pernyataan/positif. : Subject + am/is/are + Verb1 + ing +
Rita
+ is
+ reading a book now.
Rumus kalimat negatif
: Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb1 + ing +
Rita + is + not + reading a book now.
Rumus kalimat pertanyaan
: Am/is/are + subject + Verb1 + ing + ?
Is
+ Rita + reading a book now?
Yes, she is.
No, she is not.
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Sdm 5.28.2005

3) Present Perfect tense (Bentuk selesai/sempurna waktu sekarang)

Subject + has / have + Verb 3 + .
Digunakan utk menyatakan suatu perbuatan/kegiatan yg terjadi pd saat tak tentu diwaktu
lampau yang pd saat sekarang telah selesai. Yang dipentingkan disini selesainya perbuatan tsb,
bukan waktu kapan terjadinya perbuatan tsb. Jadi penekanannya pd telah selesainya kegiatan itu
Rumus kalimat positif

: Subject + have/has + Verb3 + ..

They + have + finished + their work already.
Rumus kalimat negatif
: Subject + has / have + not + Verb3 + ..
They + have
+ not + finished their work yet.
Rumus kalimat pertanyaan : Has / have + subject + verb3 + ?
Have + they + finished + their work already?
Yes, they have. No, they havent.
Dalam kalimat ini kadang kadang dijumpai kata since atau for. Hal itu menunjukan
bahwa perbuatan tsb dimulai di waktu lampau dan masih belangsung sampai saat sekarang.
Eg. * Fadli has been ill for a week. * They have known me since 1980.
Kata kata seperti : already, yet, lately, finally, just, recently dapat digunakan dalam kalimat
ini. Adverbs of frequency seperti : twice, several times, often, never, ever etc boleh juga
digunakan dalam kalimat ini.
Eg. * I have had good marks very often.

* Father has just finished his work.

4) Present perfect continuous tense. (Bentuk sempurna sedang berlangsung)

Subject + has / have + been + Verb 1 + ing +
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi diwaktu lampau dan masih
berlangsung sampai saat sekarang. Bentuk ini lebih menitik beratkan pada waktu berlangsungnya
serta lamanya kejadi/perbuatan tsb.
Kalimat ini biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu seperti : since two oclock, since you
came, for two days, for a year, today, this week, lately, etc.
Rumus kalimat positif

: Subject + has/have + been + verb1 + ing +

He + has + been + learning + English for six years.
Rumus kalimat negatif
: Subject + has/have+ not + been + verb1+ ing +
He + has + not + been + learning English for six years.
Rumus kalimat pertanyaan : Has/have + subject + been + verb1 + ing + .?
Has + he + been + learning + English for six years ?
Yes, he has. No, he has not
EXERCISE 6. Choose the best answer from options A, B, C or D.
1. The plates ..not yet.
A. have been washed.
B. have ..washed.
C. have .been washing.
D. are being washed
2. How many books..you ..this week?
A. have.reading.
B. are .reading.
C. have .read.
D. is ..read.
3. We always .to school together.
A. has gone. B. go.
C. have been going.
D. are going.
4. They often .porridge in the morning.
A. have eaten.
B. are eating.
C. have been eating.
D. eat.
5. The couple married soon.
A. is getting. B. has been.
C. has.
D. is being.
6. Malaysia ..of thirteen states.
A. is consisted.
B. consists.
C. is consisting. D. is being consisted.
Sdm 5/28/2005 6:40 PM
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7. The plane ..in half an hour.

A. has left.
B. has been leaving. C. leaves.
D. is being left.
8. We ..to behave ourselves when the guest arrives.
A. have told.
B. have been telling. C. are being told. D. have been told.
9. Mother ..video for the past two hours.
A. has watched.
B. has been watched. C. has been watching. D. is being watched.
10. If you ....lazy, you are certain to fall.
A. are.
B. have
C. are being.
D. are been.
11. Two letters..to Ahmad.
A. have sent.
B. have been sent.
C. have been sending. D. are being sent.
12. The priceless painting..there.
A. has hung.
B. has been hung.
C. hung. D. was being hung.
13. Wait a while. Mother rice.
A. has cooked.
B. has been cooking. C. cooks.
D. is cooking.
14. I the newspapers everyday.
A. read.
B. am reading.
C. has read.
D. have read.
15. The house .. by the police.
A. is inspecting.
B. is being inspected. C. has inspected. D. has been inspecting
16. Sally recently to Penang.
A. is .returned.
B. has .returned.
C. is .returned. D. has ..returning.
17. We ..already..Ali about the meeting.
A. are.informing.
B. havebeen informing.
C. are .informed.
D. haveinformed
18. Itfor the past hour.
A. has rained.
B. is raining.
C. has been raining. D. is rained.
19. Dont make any noise as the baby
A. has been sleeping.
B. is sleeping.
C. is slept.
D. has been slept.
20. I dont think you will believe what..to her.
A. has happened.
B. has been happened. C. has happening. D. is happened.
21. In my opinion, health.more important than wealth.
A. has been.
B. has.
C. is.
D. is being.
22. Please be informed that the bus .in ten minutes.
A. leaves.
B. has left.
C. is left.
D. has been leaving.
23. My father always .us when he is late.
A. telephones.
B. is telephoning.C. has telephoned. D.has been telephoning
24. If Salty .., we will have more fun.
A. comes.
B. has been come.
C. is come.
D. has been coming.
25. The victim .by Dr. Rina.
A. is examining.
B. is being examined. C. has been examining. D. has examined.
26. The seminar.by Professor
A. is conducting.
B. has conducted.
C. has been conducting.
D. is being conducted
27. I havent sent the letter yet because I .very busy.
A. are being.
B. have been having. C. have had.
D. have been.
28. The old building .down by the storm.
A. has brought.
B. has been brought. C. is being brought.
D. is bringing.
29. The wedding cake ..to all the guests.
A. is distributing.
B. has distributed.
C. has been distributed.
D. has been distributing
30. The gardener..the lawn the whole morning.
A. has been mowing.
B. is mowing.
C. has mowed.
D. is being mowed.
5) Past tense (Kata kerja waktu lampau)
Subject + Verb2 + .
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan / perbuatan yang terjadi / dilakukan diwaktu
lampau. Bentuk kata kerja ini hampir selalu diikuti keterangan waktu yang menunjukkan lampau
seperti : yesterday, last week, a week ago, the day before etc.
Kadang kadang dijumpai keterangan waktu yang tidak menunjukkan lampau misalnya :
today, this week, this morning, on Sunday, in July, etc. bila menjumpai demikian, maka dilihat
kata kerjanya saja, apakah menunjukkan lampau atau tidak.
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Sdm 18 March 2004

Rumus kalimat positif

: Subject + Verb2
We + went

+ .
+ to the beach last week.

Rumus kalimat negatif : Subject + did + not + Verb1 +

We + did + not + go + to the beach last week.
Rumus pertanyaan

: Did + subject + Verb 1 + ?

Did + we
+ go + to the beach last week?
Yes, we did.
No, we did not.

Ada 4 bentuk ejaan untuk membuat bentuk ke 2 kata kerja beraturan :

(1) Sebagian besar kata kerja ahanya menambahkan ed pada bentuk pertama kata kerja.
Eg. Answer answered. Ask asked. Visit visited. Borrow borrowed
(2) Jika bentuk pertama kata kerja berakhir pada huruf e , maka hanya ditambahkan d saja.
Eg. Arrive arrived.
Change changed. Free freed. Invite invited.
(3) Jika bentuk pertama kata kerja berahir pada sebuah konsonan/huruf mati atau sebunyi,
plus y, maka diganti huruf y tsb menjadi I dan ditambahkan ed.
Eg. Carry carried. Try tried. Reply replied. Cry cried. Study studied
(4) Untuk sebagian kata kerja yang yang berakhir pada suatu huruf vokal/huruf hidup plus
satu konsonan, maka diulangi konsonan tsb dan ditambahkan ed.
Eg. Clap clapped. Stop stopped. Drop dropped. Prefer preferred.
Kekecualian
(1) Jika konsonannya adalah huruf w; x; atau y, maka tidak diulangi kosonan tsb.
Eg. Show showed. Enjoy enjoyed. Fix fixed.Prefer preferred.
(2) Jika kata kerja tsb tidak mendapatkan tekanan/stressed pada suku kata yang terakhir, maka
tidak diulangi konsonan tsb.
Eg. answer answered.
visit visited. listen listened. happen happened.
6) Past Continuous tense.(Bentuk kata kerja waktu lampau sedang berlangsung)
Subject + was / were + Verb1 + ing +
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan/kejadian yang terjadi diwaktu lampau
dan belum selesai, bersamaan dengan kejadian lain terjadi. Kalimat ini sering diumpai anak
kalimat yang dimulai dengan kata when atau while . Bila anak kalimat dimulai dengan
kata when maka kata kerjanya diikuti bentuk past tense, bila mulai kata while kata
kerjanya past continuous.
Rumus kalimat positif : Subject + was / were + Verb1 + ing + .
I was studying when the light went out.
Rumus kalimat negatif : Subject + was/were + not + Verb1 + ing + .
I was not studying when the light went out.
Rumus pertanyaan

: Was / were + subject + Verb 1 + ing + ..?

Were you studying when the light went out?
Yes, I was. No, I was not.
Sdm 5/28/2005 6:49:22 PM

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7) Past Perfect tense (Bentuk sempurna waktu lampau)

Subject + had + Verb 3 +
a). Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah diselesaikan sebelum suatu waktu
yang tertentu di waktu lampau.
Eg. * When the guess arrived, we had already eaten.
The bus had left by the time we reached the station.
The boys had disappeared when the guard arrived.
b) Untuk menunjukkan bahwa satu peristiwa telah berlalu sebelum yang lain terjadi.
Eg. * The telephone rang before I had finished washing my hair.
Before we could warn him, he had already injured himself.
After the teacher had explained everything, we went home.
c) Dalam Indirect speech untuk mengganti present perfect tense dalam direct speech.
Eg. * I have done my homework, said Lily. Lily said that shed done her homework
Have you seen the show? Helen asked me if I had seen the show.
d) Digunakan dengan kata wish dan if untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang
mungkin telah terjadi diwaktu lampau tetapi tidak mungkin sekarang. (dlm subjuctive &
conditonal)
Eg. * I wish we had listened to Mothers advice.
If I had known, I would have helped you.
You would have died if I had not saved you.
7) Past Perfect continuous tense
Subject + had + been + Verb 1 + ing + .
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi selama suatu saat diwaktu lampau
dan masih berlangsung sampai saat yang sudah ditentukan diwaktu lampau.
Rumus kalimat positif : Subject + had + been + Verb 1 + ing + ..
They had been cooking when Mr. Sudirman Came.
Rumus kalimat negatif : Subject + had + not + been + Verb 1 + ing + .
They had not been cooking when Mr. Sudirman came.
Rumus pertanyaan
: Had + subject + been + Verb 1 + ing + ..?
Had they been cooking when Mr. Sudirman came?
Yes, they had.
No, they had not.
EXERCISE 7. Choose the best answer from the options A, B, C or D.
1. The pupils into four groups.
A. were dividing.
B. were divided. C. divided.
D. was divided.
2. There .an tap house here last year.
A. was.
B. was having.
C. had had.
D. had been
3. The poor boy ..a scholarship to further his studies.
A. offered.
B. was offering. C. was offered. D. had offered.
4. The perfect .the boy not to be late again.
A. was warned.
B. warned.
C. were warning. D. had been warning
Sdm March 04 6:52:08 PM

13

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5. If I the money, I would give it to you.

A. had.
B. had had.
C. had been.
D. had been having.
6. The emigrant .all his property to us.
A. had been sold.
B. was sold.
C. has been selling.
D. had sold.
7. I tried to be careful, but somehow I .the glass.
A. was broken.
B. was breaking. C. had been breaking. D. broke.
8. The children.excited when the clown came out.
A. had become.
B. were become. C. became.
D. were becoming.
9. After Aisah .her clothes, she took her bath.
A. had washed.
B. was washing. C. was washed. D. washed.
10. The car ..to stop in front of my house.
A. were coming.
B. was come.
C. had been coming. D. came.
11. No one the teacher because he talked too softly.
A. was heard.
B. could hear.
C. would hear.
D. was hearing.
12. Amats nose .after being hit by a stone.
A. was bleeding.
B. was bled.
C. had been bleeding. D. had bled.
13. Latifah said that she ..the letter to Ani.
A. has delivering.
B. was delivered. C. had delivered. D. had been delivering
14. If I ., I would have joined you.
A. had known.
B. had been known. C. were known. D. was knowing.
15. I .the letter from Pete yesterday.
A. had received.
B. was receiving. C. received.
D. was received.
16. The robber ..by the police last night.
A. arrested.
B. was arrested. C. was arresting. D. was being arrested.
17. What would you have done if you .a millionaire?
A. were.
B. have been.
C. were being.
D. has been
18. We.television when there was a blackout.
A. were watching. B. watched.
C. had watched. D. were watched.
19. How would you feel if you abandoned by your parents?
A. had.
B. was.
C. had been.
D. had had.
20. By the time I opened the gate, he left.
A. had been
B. is
C. had
D. was
21. Before Michael came, I .
A. ate.
B. had finished eating. C. was eaten.
D. was being eaten.
22. The pupils ..making noise when the teacher came.
A. were stopping.
B. had been stopping. C. were being stopped. D. stopped.
23. After running 1500 meters, Joanne, ..
A. had collapsed.
B. collapsed.
C. was collapsing.
D. was collapsed.
24. As the result of the fire, a few firemen.
A. were being injured. B. had been injuring. C. were injuring. D. were injured.
25. The childrenfor playing in the mud.
A. scolded.
B. were scolding. C. were scolded. D. had scolded.
26. When the guest of honor.., we all stood up.
A. arrived.
B. was being arrived. C. was arrived. D. had been arrived.
27. The train ..still when Ali tried to get down.
A. was ..moving.
B. was.moved.
C. had..been moving. D. had..moved.
28. The headmaster pleased with the schools results.
A. had been.
B. was.
C. was being.
D. had.
29. One of the football players ..by the referee.
A. penalized.
B. had penalized. C. was penalizing.
D. was penalized.
30. The discipline teacher did not excuse the boy this time because he ..before.
A. was warning.
B. warned.
C. were warned. C. had been warned
Sdm 5/28/2005 6:53:03 PM

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9) Future Tense (Bentuk waktu yang akan datang)

Subject + shall /will + Verb 1 + .
a) Digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu kejadian/peristiwa di waktu yang akan datang.
* The teacher will give us a test next week. * My brother will buy a new motorcycle soon
* We shall not have French toast tomorrow. * They will get a letter by Monday.
b) Digunakan untuk menyatakan perintah atau pengumuman.

You will try again.

The race will starts at eight oclock.
No one will stay back in class during recess.

c) Ini digunakan dalam main clause (induk kalimat) suatu kalimat bersyarat (conditional
sentences) untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang kemungkinan besar terjadi.
* If you try again, you will succeed.
* Unless you cooperate, no one will help you.
* Siti will certainly come if you ask her. * He will come if you ask him.
d) Digunakan dalam kalimat pasif untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang akan datang.
* The old man will be sent to the old folks home.
* The next issue of the bulletin will be out soon.
* The old house will be painted.
10) Future continuous tense (Bentuk waktu yang akan datang sedang berlangsung)
Subject + shall / will + be + Verb 1 + ing + ..
a) Digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa / kejadian yang akan terjadi di waktu
yang akan datang. Sebagai contoh :
* Seto will be going to Australia soon.

* We shall be visiting our parents tomorrow.

b) Digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung beberapa saat
diwaktu yang akan datang.

When we reach school, everyone will be eating.

It will probably be raining when we arrive in Jakarta.
By the time you arrive, we will be sleeping.

11) Future Perfect tense.(Bentuk sempurna waktu yang akan datang)

Subject + shall / will + have + Verb3 +
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan telah diselesaikan pada waktu
yang sudah ditentukan diwaktu yang akan datang.

We shall have worked for one year by tomorrow.

Nani will have finished the essay in half an hour.
Peter will have completed his work in one day.
Sdm Mar-04

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EXERCISE 8. For the following questions, choose the best answer from the options below.
1. Since Saidin is very clever, hewell in the examination.
A. will do.
B. will be.
C. will be doing. D. will be done.
2. Weup early tomorrow to make breakfast.
A. shall got.
B. shall be getting.
C. shall have got. D. shall be got.
3. Hurry up. The gateat six oclock p.m.
A. will be locking.
B. will be locked.C. will lock.
D. will have locked.
4. If all of us dont spend so much, we..able to save enough money for the trip.
A. shall have been.
B. shall be.
C. shall be having.
D. shall have.
5. My brother willhis driving test next week.
A. be taken.
B. have been taken. C. be taking.
D. have been taking
6. Everyone ..a complimentary ticket.
A. will be giving.
B. will give.
C. will be given. D. will have given.
7. My father .home soon.
A. will have come.
B. shall have come.
C. will have been.
D. will be coming.
8. By then, the travelers.15 kilometers.
A. will be walking.
B. will walk.
C. will be walk. D. will have walked.
9. The mechanic..your car tomorrow.
A. will repair.
B. will be repaired.
C. have repaired. D. have been repaired
10. We shallsome food to the beggar.
A. give.
B. be given.
C. have given.
D. have been given
11. The train ..this station in ten minutes.
A. will be passing.
B. will be passed.C. will passing. D. shall passing.
12. Beware! Trespassers
A. prosecute. B. will be prosecuted. C. will be prosecuting. D. have been prosecuting
13. John.at the concert next week.
A. will be sung.
B. will be singing.
C. have been singing. D. shall be singing
14. All the squatters ..to vacate that area.
A. will asked.
B. will have asked.
C. will be asked. D. will be asking.
15. The watchman will .early tonight.
A. be arrived.
B. have been arriving. C. arrive.
D. have arrived.
16. Although he has retired, he will at a private school soon.
A. be taught.
B. have taught. C. have been teaching. D. be teaching.
17. That lazy policeman will to another town.
A. transfer. B. have been transferred. C. have been transferring. D. be transferred.
18. In half an hours time, I shall my project.
A. be completed. B. have been completing. C. have completed. D. have been completed
19. If Im busy, I will not the meeting.
A. attending.
B. be attended.
C. attended.
D. attend
20. Al the rooms will ..thoroughly by the police.
A. check.
B. be checked.
C. be checking. D. have been checking
EXERCISE 9. Chose the correct answers by crossing A, B, C or D for each number.
1. Oh, dear! I forget to bring my dictionary. Thats all right. I you mine.
A. am lending.
B. am going to lend. C. will lend.
D. lend.
2. Mr. Namridus ..for that company since 1984.
A. worked.
B. works.
C. has worked.
D. will work.
3. Budi : An, where is your mother? Ani : She ..TV with father in the living room.
A. watches.
B. watched.
C. has watched. D. is watching
4. John and I will wait at the corner until you .with the car.
A. are coming.
B. come.
C. will be coming.
D. came.
5. Toni .at the school before we arrived.
A. left.
B. has been leaving. C. had left.
D. was leaving.
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6. By the end of this year, I .my study.

A. will finish.
B. finish.
C. am finishing. D. will have finished.
7. My daughter a lot of photographs of the Borobud when she went there on her last vocation.
A. has taken.
B. would taken. C. took.
D. had taken.
8. I met my uncle this morning when I for the bus.
A. am waiting.
B. wait.
C. waited.
D. was waiting.
9. The anthropologist has been studying that tribe for the last 5 years means that he .that tribe
A. has studied.
B. studied.
C. was studying. D. is still studying.
th
10. When you arrive on the 6 floor, give my note to the secretary and she ..you to my office.
A. directs.
B. to direct.
C. directing.
D. will direct.
11. The teacher .us a test next week.
A. will give.
B. gave.
C. would give.
D. is giving.
12. When we reach school, everyone ..
A. will be eating.
B. will eat.
C. is eating.
D. ate.
13. We ..for one year by tomorrow.
A. shall work.
B. shall be working. C. shall have worked. D. worked.
EXERCISE 10. For the following questions, choose the best answer .
1. Please dont make so much noise. The baby
A. sleeps.
B. has slept.
C. was sleeping. D. is sleeping.
2. Iwan .a letter in his room when his mother came in.
A. wrote.
B. writes.
C. is writing.
D. was writing.
3. Ani : My little brother ..a fight with one of his classmates yesterday.
Seto : Dont you think that he fight too often?
A. has had.
B. have had.
C. had.
D. had had.
4. Diki : .by plane?
Ali : No. why? A. Do you ever travel.
B. Do you travel.
C. Are you traveling.
D. Have you ever traveled.
5. After they ..a long holiday, they returned home.
A. had had.
B. have had.
C. had.
D. have.
6. Nina:I letters to my penpals for last two hours. Ani : No wonder, its been so quick here
A. am writing.
B. wrote.
C. have been writing. D. has been writing.
7. Ina : Ive just been in this school for 8 months, but I ...... everybody already. Eny : Liar!
A. have known almost. B. am knowing almost. C. knew almost. D. know.
8. Nia : You ill for a week now. Why dont you see a doctor?
Ani : Relax. Im beginning to feel better now. Honest.
A. were .
B. have been.
C. will be.
D. had been.
9. By the times she finds the umbrella, they .working.
A. stopped.
B. will have stopped. C. will stop.
D. will have been stopping.
10. If you dont go to the sale soon, they .everything.
A. sold.
B. will have sold.C. have sold.
D. will be selling.
11. The sun .in the east.
A. is rising.
B. rose.
C. rise.
D. rises.
12. She .in Jakarta this time tomorrow.
A. will be arriving.B. will have been arriving. C. will arrive.D. have been arriving.
13. The students .their homework already.
A. are finishing.
B. have finished. C. will finish.
D. will have finished.
14. At this moment she .her dress.
A. will sew.
B. is sewing.
C. sew.
D. sewed.
15. She her grandparents next month.
A. has visited.
B. visits.
C. will visit.
D. was visiting.
16. Every year I .my holiday in Bali.
A. am spending.
B. spend.
C. spent.
D. will spend.
17. Keep quiet, we .to the music.
A. are listening.
B. will listen.
C. have listened. D. listen.
18. Five years ago Mr. Sudirman and his family .in Dilly East Timor.
A. live.
B. will live.
C. lived.
D. live.
19. Did you Bill Jones .out?
A. hear to go.
B. hear go .
C. hear went. D. heard go.
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Sdm 5/28/2005 8:48:57 PM

20. In five minutes she for one hour.

A. will have cooked.
B. will have been cooking. C. have been cooking. D. have cooked.
21. The children went to the zoo to see new animals..
A. next Sunday.
B. last week.
C. every Sunday. D. since last Sunday.
22. My motorcycle .two days ago.
A. was mended.
B. is mended.
C. will be mended.
D. is being mended.
23. Many people snow
A. will never see.
B. have never seen.
C. never see.
D. never saw.
24. The sun .in the west.
A. doesnt rise.
B. doesnt set.
C. rise.
D. set.
25. Nani ..a very good book at present.
A. read.
B. reads.
C. has read.
D. is reading.
26. At night the stars ..out.
A. come.
B. is coming.
C. has come.
D. came.
27. While I ..tea to the pot, the pot broke off.
A. am cleaning.
B. will be cleaning.
C. will clean.
D. was cleaning.
28. Sparrows .their nests on trees.
A. are making.
B. make.
C. made.
D. will made.
29. By this time next week, knitting.
A. she finished.
B. shell have finished. C. she would finish. D. she had finished.
30. My sister usually with steel needles.
A. has been knitting.
B. knitted.
C. is knitting.
D. knits.
31. By the end of the holidays she ..here for ten days.
A. will stay.
B. will have been staying. C. is staying. D. has been staying.
32. When she gets to London, she ..for six days.
A. travels.
B. was traveling. C. will have been traveling. D. has been traveling.
33. We ..butterflies for one day.
A. have caught.
B. will be catching.
C. caught.
D. have been catching.
34. Weour homework before the teacher examined it.
A. has finished.
B. had finished. C. was finishing. D. finished.
35. I outside the station by seven oclock.
A. wait.
B. waited.
C. have waited. D. shall be waiting.
36. After Mary a long run, she was out of breath.
A. is having.
B. has.
C. has had.
D. had had.
37. They the rooms before they had the party.
A. had decorated.
B. decorate.
C. have decorated.
D. decorated.
38. The procession along the street at ten oclock tomorrow.
A. passed.
B. pass.
C. will be passing.
D. was passing.
39. The students while the teacher was talking.
A. were not listening. B. will not listen. C. are listening. D. will not be listening.
40. Father .by this time next Sunday morning.
A. will fish.
B. will have fished.
C. has fished.
D. will be fishing.
41. She when the alarm goes off.
A. was cooking.
B. is cooking.
C. will be cooking.
D. has cooked.
42. We always .our school lessons at home.
A. read.
B. are reading.
C. will read.
D. have read.
43. My friend .us his painting next Sunday.
A. will show.
B. have shown. C. have showed. D. showed.
44. Leave me alone, I .now.
A. will work.
B. have worked.
C. worked.
D. am working.
45. They the hill for three hours by six oclock this evening.
A. will have been climbing. B. will be climbing. C. will climb. D. have climbed.
46. Before she brought the letter to the post office, she .the stamp on it.
A. had put.
B. will put.
C. has put.
D. is putting.
47. Nia : How long do you think Nina waited here yesterday?
Seto : I think she .here for about two hours yesterday.
A. waited.
B. is waiting.
C. had waited.
D. had been waiting.
48. We our homework when the light went out at 8 oclock last night.
A. have been doing.
B. have done.
C. were doing.
D. have been doing.
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49. I .until everybody

A. will wait leaves.
B. was waiting left. C. waiting was leaving. D. waited left.
50. Fadli and Seto ..good marks if they study hard and seriously.
A. is getting.
B. got.
C. will get.
D. have got.
51. Dian : ? Dini : He is reading a new book.
A. What are you doing
B. Whats he reading a book?.
C. Whats he doing?
D. Whats he reading?
52. When I came, she .on the chair in the class room.
A. sit.
B. has sit.
C. is sitting.
D. was sitting.
53. Ann was singing a song while Mira .
A. was studying.
B. will be studying.
C. has been studying. D. is studying.
54. The bus came after I for about twenty minutes.
A. have been waiting. B. have waited. C. had been waiting. D. was waiting.
55. Nia : I wonder why Bill Jones is absent. He might be sick.
Ani : No, he isnt. I saw him when I for the bus.
A. wait.
B. was waiting. C. had waited.
D. have waited.
th
56. When you arrive on the 6 floor, give my note to the secretary and she you to my office.
A. directs.
B. to direct.
C. directing.
D. will direct.
57. when did the farmer find that ancient tool? when he his field.
A. was ploughed.
B. has ploughed. C. was ploughing.
D. had ploughed.
58. My daughter a lot of photographs of the Solo when she went there on her last vocation.
A. has taken.
B. would take.
C. took.
D. had taken.
59. Every night the watchman turns on all the lights & around the building every half an hour
A. walks.
B. is walking.
C. to be walking. D. to walk.
60. All these years, Nias family ..in poverty.
A. lived.
B. has been living.
C. had lived.
D. was living.
61. How long has she been the principal of our school? Since I .this school.
A. was entering.
B. have entered. C. had been entered. D. entered.
62. The Anthropologist has been studying that tribe for the last 5 years means that he ..that tribe
A. has finished studying. B. studied.
C. was studying. D. is still studying.
63. Have the boys had the breakfast? Not yet, they ..
A. have taken a bath.
B. are still taking a bath.
C. would still take a bath.
D. were taking a bath.
64. Tina had just watered the flowers when Ali came. We can conclude that .the flowers.
A. Ali came at the time Tina was watering.
B. Ali didnt see Tina watering
C. Ali was watching Tina watering.
D. Ali came before Tina watered.
65. The engine .smoothly when it suddenly stopped.
A. runs.
B. running.
C. has run.
D. was running.
66. He put out the light, then he locked the door. The sentences can be joined as follows..
A. He locked the door, he put out the light.
B. Hed put out the light before he locked the door
C. Hed put out the light before he locked the door.
D. He put out the light after he locked the door.
67. I used to study until late at night means until late at night.
A. Its my habit to study.
B. I wanted to study.
C. no, I dont study.
D. I would like to study.
68. For the last five months he of moving out because the area has become highly polluted
A. thinks.
B. is thinking.
C. had thought. D. has been thinking.
69. Over the past few years medical doctors .for a drug to control the AID virus.
A. have been searching. B. searched.
C. had searched. D. were searching.
70. We .along the road for about forty minutes when a man stopped his car and offered us a ride.
A. was walking.
B. walked.
C. are walking. D. had been walking.
71. The boys are supposed to have finished their homework when we come home. This means :
we expected that .their homework by the time we come home.
A. the boys are going to finish
B. the boys will be finishing
C. the boys will have finished
D. the boys finished
72. Hes to take a TOEF test before leaving to the US. No,...have to. He already took it a few
months ago
A. he doesnt.
B. he isnt.
C. he hasnt.
D. he mustnt.

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73. Oh, dear. I forgot to bring my dictionary. Thats all right. I .you mine.
A. am lending.
B. am going to lend. C. will lend.
D. lend.
74. I wonder why Agus is absent. He might be sick. No, he isnt. I saw him when I .for the bus
A. wait.
B. was waiting. C. had waited.
D. is waiting.
75. The bus came after I ..for about twenty minutes.
A. have been waiting. B. have waited. C. had been waiting. D. was waiting.
4) M O D A L S / KATA BANTU KATA KERJA.
Modal / kata kerja bantu yang biasa digunakan dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris adalah : can,
could, may, might, shall , should, will, would, ought, must. Bila kata kerja Bantu ini
digunakan dengan kata kerja lain akan menambah arti kata kerja tsb. Dengan menggunakan
modal tsb akan memberi pengertian :
1. CAN.
a) berarti mampu / ability.
* Mr. Sudirman can play badminton well. * We can do the exercises correctly.
b) berarti menyatakan ijin / permission.
* You can stay here if you want to.
* He can go now.
c) berarti kadang kadang dapat / occasionally able.
* It can be very hot in Solo.
* He can become quite angry.
* She can often get quite high marks in tests.
d) berarti mungkin / possibility. * He can be late.
* You can be wrong.
2. COULD. Bentuk lampau daripada can. Digunakan untuk menyatakan :
a) kemampuan diwaktu lampau.
Father could play football when he was young. * Robinson C could reach the
island.
b) could bentuk lampau dari can. Digunakan bila main clause dalam bentuk lampau.
* He said to me that he could run fast when he was young.
I asked her whether she could help me tomorrow.
c) could dapat digunakan untuk waktu sekarang atau future sebagai ganti can
untuk memperhalus cara meminta ijin atau permohonan.
* Could you take me to school ?
* Could I stay with you next week?
d) menyatakan suatu kemungkinan yang lemah atau tidak pasti.
* I could visit her in the afternoon or in the evening.
He could be at home now but he often goes to his brother in the afternoon.
3. WILL.
a) menunjukkan waktu yang akan datang.
* He will come on Monday.
* My wife will arrive today.
b).menunjukkan adanya kesediaan untuk melakukan sesuatu.
* He will take care of the orphan.
* She will be my wife although Im poor.
4. WOULD.
a) bentuk lampau dari will. Digunakan dalam kalimat bila induk kalimatnya bentuk lampau.
He said that he would go to the doctor.
She told me that shed send the letter to her family
b) digunakan dalam arti waktu sekarang atau yg akan dating. Untuk memperhalus
permintaan.
Would you tell me the way to the museum, please?
Would you please open the window?
c) Would + like menanyakan keiinginan seseorang atau dirinya sendiri.
* Would you like to drink milk?
* Would you like to eat?
* I would like a glass of water.
* Would she like to help me?
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5. MAY.
a) mungkin.
* Father may be at home now.
* I may come a little late tomorrow.
b) menyatakan ijin.
* You may leave if you have finished your work.
* May I borrow your pencil?
6. MIGHT. Digunakan :
a) bila kata kerja didlam induk kalimat berbentuk lampau.
* He thought that he might be late.
c) dalam bentuk present atau future untuk menyatakan kemungkinan yang sangat tipis.
* Rini might need some money now.
* They might come by plane next Sunday.
7. MUST.
a) must = have to = harus.
* We must study hard for our examination.
* You must be careful.
* You must not drive fast. It is dangerous.
b) berarti kesimpulantentang kepastian / certainty.
* He has a big house and two cars. He must be rich.
* Mrs. Supiati must have a headache. She is holding her head.
8. SHALL. Digunakan :
a) dengan subject I dan we, untuk menunjukkan future. Namun penggunaan will lebih umum.
I shall do my homework this afternoon.
We shall answer this letter.
c) untuk menyatakan tekat yang kuat atau keharusan.
He shall do as I say.
I shall finish my study next year.
9. SHOULD.
a) menyatakan suatu kewajiban / anjuran.
* You should obey your parents.
* You should not study all the time. You should have some fun too.
b) menyatakan kemungkinan yang kuat.
* He left school one hour ago, he should be at home now.
Its already 1.30 p.m. he should be here now.
10. OUGHT TO.
ought to = should.
They ought to prepare their books before they go to school.
We ought to behave politely.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

EXERCISE 11. choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C or D.

Santi has examination today, but I saw her at the basketball game last night. she .have
been studying for her examination.
A. must.
B. could.
C. would. D. might. E. should
I dont know why Nancy hasnt come yet, she ..have come before 12 oclock.
A. may.
B. should.
C. will.
D. might. E. shall.
Why dont you go home? You look so pale and tired. You ..take a rest and sleep.
A. shall.
B. might.
C. should. D. will.
E. would.
You ..go to the doctor. You are too weak.
A. shall.
B. would.
C. must. D. will.
E. should.
Ani : Is John able to swim very well? Nia : Yes, he is. He ..swim very well.
A. must.
B. should.
C. may.
D. can.
E. will.
We ..stop when the traffic light shown red.
A. can.
B. might.
C. could. D. would. E. will.
The room ought to ..immediately.
A. clean.
B. be cleaned. C. be cleaning. D. be cleaned. E. have been cleaned
Tom : I see your license, please? Doni : Sure.
A. should. B. shall.
C. may.
D. might. E. will
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9. It is very cold and windy outside. If you dont have a coat, you borrow.
A. will.
B. can.
C. must. D. shall. E. wight.
10. .. I borrow your book?
A. May.
B. Have to.
C. Will.
D. Must. E. Shall.
11. Havent you returned the book to the library yet? You have returned them last week.
A. may.
B. would.
C. should. D. might. E. could.
12. She looks so hungry and weak. Tell her that shehave some food.
A. should.
B. would.
C. might. D. will.
E. shall.
13. He speak English fluently.A. can.B. may.C. have to.
D. could. E. must.
14. He asked the teacher,I leave now?
A. May.
B. Ought to.
C. Might. D. Will.
E. Would.
15. You cant pass your final examination if you dont study. You stay at home and study
harder.
A. will.
B. might.
C. should. D. shall. E. would.
16. Eny : Would you do me a favor, please? Ina :
A. No, Im not tired. B. Yes, youre my favorite. C. No, Im sorry. Im really tired.
D. Yes, would you please.
E. No, you are really tired.
17. You .wait for me.
A. need to. B. have to.
C. may.
D. need not.
E. must.
18. Leny : It is very hot in this room. Reny : I open the windows?
A. Might. B. Do.
C. Shall. D. Would.
E. Will.
19. What time will you come back tomorrow?
At six oclock am? Oh, my wife ..to the market at that time.
A. goes.
B. is going to.
C. will go. D. is going.E. will be going
20. Vonda lived in Japan for ten years. She be able to speak Japanese fluently.
A. must.
B. can.
C. should.
D. will . E. might.
21. You might have met me if you
A. come.
B. would come. C. would have come. D. come. E. had come.
22. Shall I bring flowers for your sister? In other words we can say that.
A. I want to bring flowers for your sister.
B. does your sister want me to bring flowers?
C. do you want me to bring flowers for your sister?
D. your sister wants some flowers.
23. Nani : .. I open the window for you Mom? Mom : Thank you, dear.
A. Might. B. Would.
C. Shall.
D. Must.
E. Will.
24. Mary : You walk too fast. Doni, a little slower? Doni : All right.
A. You cant walk.
B. cant walk you.
C. not you can walk. D. cant you walk.
25. X : Did she help you clean the room? Y : No, she didnt. but she .. helped me clean the room
A. shall have.
B. might have.
C. should have. D. must have.
E. may have.
26. I know Anton has an examination today, but when I came to his house last night he was only
sleeping. He .then.
A. can have been studying.
B. will have been studying.
C. would have been studying.
D. should have been studying. E. might have been
studying.
27. X : Lets go swimming. Y : I .. . Well have a test tomorrow and I still have to study.
A. will be able. B. had been able. C. am able. D. cannot.
E. could.
28. Tuti was able to finish the job on time. The negative question form is .
A. Was Tuti able not to finish the job on time? B. Wasnt Tuti able to finish the job on
time?
C. Was not able Tuti to finish the job on time? D. Was T able to not finish the job on time?
29. X : It is very hot in this room. Y : I open the windows?
A. Might. B. Do.
C. Shall.
D. Would. E. Will.
30. It is going to rain. You bring your umbrella with you.
A. shall.
B. might. C. should.
D. will.
E. would.
31. She missed the train. She earlier.
A. should leave.
B. must have left.
C. should be leaving.
D. should have left.
E. must leave.
32. I dont understand why Budi didnt come to the meeting. There ..something wrong with him
A. might be.
B. will be. C. must have been.
D. should have been. E. could be.
33. I saw someone smoking at the petrol station, so I said..
A. You need not to smoke here.
B. You neednt have to smoke here.
C. You need not smoke here.
D. You must not smoke here.
34. .they to work so hard?
A. Must.
B. May.
C. Have. D. Did.
E. Can
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35. She didnt answer when I knocked on the d.She...sleeping.I saw her enter the room
an hour ago
A. must.
B. can be. C. might have been. D. may have been.
E. may be.
36. He ..a radio if he had been able to afford to.
A. will buy. B. would have bought. C. would buy. D. had bought.
E. can buy.
37. They .have a new motor car next week.
A. did.
B. are.
C. will.
D. were.
E. ought.
38. This is her writing. She be here yesterday.
A. must be. B. has to. C. had to.
D. have to.
E. will.
39. you to clean the room soon?
A. Can.
B. Must. C. Will.
D. May.
E. Ought.
40. Please tell me which courses to take next semester? Well, you could take history course. You
also take an art course.
A. will.
B. should be.
C. shall.
D. have.
E. might.
5). Compound sentences.
A COMPOUND SENTENCE terdiri 2 atau lebih coordinate clause (anak kalimat sederajat)
yang bergabung bersama dengan menggunakan kata penghubung and, but, or, for etc. kalimat tsb
tentunya mempunyai lebih dari satu kata kerja.
Eg. * I received your telegram. I read your telegram. I received your telegram and read it.
I met Mr. Namridus. (I) gave (Mr. Namridus) some money. (Mr Namridus) refused
it. I met Mr. Namridus and gave him some money, but he refused it.
Contoh contoh lainnya :
We were annoyed (mengganggu, menjengkelkan), still we kept quiet.
She tried hard to pass, nevertheless she failed.
Miss Kusti shouted and the robbers ran away.
The plant came up and flowered, but bore no fruit.
Night came on and rain fell heavily and we all got very wet.
Relative pronoun digunakan untuk menggabungkan anak kalimat suatu kalimat majemuk.
Last night I met Mr. Sudirman, who (=and he) gave me your message.
He received the wrong addressed letter, which (& it) was immediately returned to its sender.
Penjelasan :
Semestinya diperhatikan bahwa relative pronouon who dan which disini digunakan untuk
memberikan informasi tambahan tentang antecedent (kata atau bagian kalimat yg mendahului
kata pengganti. Pada frasa : the car which I bought. car adalah antecedent). Dengan kata
lain, relative pronouons who dan which disini digunakan dalam continuative sense (pengertian
yg berkesinambungan)

Compound sentences sering diringkaskan, bila coordinate clauses mempunyai :

A common subject. Eg. * He is rich, but unhappy = He is rich, but he is unhappy.
A common verb. Eg. * Some praise the work, and some the architect. Some praise the
work, and some praise the architect.

6)RELATIVE PRONOUN.
1) Who untuk manusia sebagai subject / pelaku.
Eg. * The man was my friend. He saw me yesterday.
* The man who saw me yesterday was my friend.
* The girls who came to my house got the prize.
That bisa digunakan sesudah : Superlative, Somebody, Anyone , all, etc.
Eg. * Ali was the greatest boxer that ever lived.
* Ali that want to join the club are welcomed.
SDM 5/28/2005 9:11 PM
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2) Whom untuk manusia sebagai object.

Eg. * The man was my friend. You saw him there.
- The man whom you saw there was my friend.
- The woman to whom I spoke last night was Ann.
- The woman whom I spoke to last night was Ann.
That bisa dipakai untuk menggantikan whom.
Eg. * The man that you saw there was Ami.
3) Penghilangan / Ommited
Eg. * The man you there was my friend.
Catatan : Salah satu cirri pemakaian whom, that, zero (ommited) terdapat subject pronoun (I ,
he, Nina, they, she, etc) sesudah whom tsb.

Which untuk benda, sbg subject / object. Untuk kepemilikan (benda) dipakai of which.
Eg. * The book was red. I bought it yersterday.
- The book which I bought yesterday was red.
- The way which you lead us to town is small.
- The bag of which color is strong is cheap.
That dan zero dapat dipakai dalam kasus ini.
Eg . * The book which I bought yesterday was good.
The book that I bought yersterday was good.
The book I bought yesterday was good.
Variasi which dengan where, why , dan when
Eg. * The room in which I slept was hot.
The room where I slept was hot.
The reason for which he left us is not clear
The date in which Nina was born is November 12th , 1982.
The date when Nina was born is November 12th , 1982.
5) Whose kepemilikan untuk manusia atau binatang.
Eg. * The man is my friend. His shirt is blue. The man whose shirt is blue is my friend.
- The horse whose tail is long won the prize.
Catatan : That dan zero tidak dapat menggantikan whose.

EXERCISE 12. Fill in the blanks with who, whose, whom, that, which, or in which
Supiati , ..brother is a pilot, is a teacher.Supiati, whose brother is a pilot, is a teacher.
1. The boy to I lent my book has not returned it yet.
2. Thats the man.said that he was an engineer.
3. The treewas blocking the road this morning has been hauled away.
4. I spoke to a girl.name was Sunarti.
5. The boy dog had been run over by a car is very sad.
6. The house ..i stayed during my holidays has been burnt down.
7. Seto, music you like so much, is also a very good singer.
8. The Suez Canal, through .many ships pass, was built in 1869.
9. The tickets she bought cost two hundreds and fifty rupiahs each.
10. Thats the girl to .. I handed all your books.
11. Siti, is a very shy girl, doesnt have many friends.
12. Mr. George Smith, ..horse just won the race, is a famous horse trainer.
EXERCISE 13. Join each pairs of sentences using relative pronouns given in the brackets.
I wrote a letter to Ali. I stayed in his house for two months. (whose)
I wrote a letter to Ali in whose house I stayed for two months.
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1. Tell me about the little boy. His uncle made him very rich. (whose)
2. The game was very exciting. The boys balance books on the heads and run. (in which)
3. The friend lives nearby. I walked home with her last night. (whom)
4.. The postman is in hospital. He was bitten by a dog. (who)
5.. Thats Mrs. Kaslan. Her daughter is leaving for Australia next week. (whose)
6. She burnt the letter. She had received it that morning. (that)
7. The boy should be punished. They broke the windows. (who)
8. He killed the snake. He found it in the garden. (which)
9. Look out for the bear. It escaped from the zoo. (which)
10. Two of the oranges are bad. I bought them this morning. (that)
11. That man is my uncle. You saw him with me yesterday. (whom)
12. This room is very quiet. The children sleep here. (in which)
7). RELATIVE CLAUSE
Relative clause memberikan keterangan tambahan mengenai satu dari nomina nomina
dalam klausa utama.
Relative clause terletak langsung dibelakang nomina yang diterangkannya.
Relative pronoun (pronominal relatif) terletak pada awal relative clause.
Relative pronoun adalah who (whom , whose), which dan that.
Relative pronoun dapat diadakan kecuali bila ia subject relative clause.
1. Relative Pronoun sebagai subject relative clause.
1a. Relative pronoun mengenai orang.
Who (atau that) menghubungkan 2 gagasan terpisah mengenai orang yang sama.
Kedua gagasan ini dihubungkan dengan menggunakan who alih alih pronominal persona
He, She atau they dalam klausa kedua.
Eg. * There is the doctor.
She* used to live next door.
Theres the doctor who */ that used to live next door.
(klausa utama)
(klausa relatif)
Sebagian orang menganggap who lebih tepat. Anda dapat menggunakan that, tetapi
tidak mengacu suatu nama (dan tidak dalam non defining clause), yakni klause yang
sifatnya tidak membatasi.
Eg. * I spoke to Mrs. Peterson who / that own the bookstore.
1b. Relative clause mengenai benda.
Which (atau That) menghubungkan 2 gagasan terpisah mengenai hal atau benda yang
sama. Kedua gagasan ini dihubungkan dng menggunakan Which atau that alih alih it
atau they.
Eg. * Im writing about a camera. It doesnt work properly.
* I am writing about a camera which doesnt work properly.
(main clause)
(klausa sematan)
Kita biasa mengunakan that alih alih which, terutama dalam <cakapan>. Tetapi
which digunakan dalam non defining clause.
2. Relative Pronoun sebagai object klausa sematan
2.a. Pronomina relatif berkedudukan pada awal klausa sematan, sekalipun ia berfungsi sebagai
Object klausa tsb.
Eg. * There is the doctor. I met him yesterday.
* There is the doctor that / who / whom I met yesterday.
* Im writing about a camera. I bought it in your shop.
* Im writing about a camera that / which I bought in your shop.
Who, whom atau that semuanya dapat digunakan sebagai pronominal object relatif yang
mengacu orang. Whom <langka> tetapi lebih tepat daripada who dalam b Inggris tulis.
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2b. Pelesapan Pronomina relatif.

Kita sering melesapkan pronominal relatif bila ia Object klausa sematan. (Tetapi jangan
lesapkan bila ia Subject). Dalam contoh contoh ini tanda kurung (#) memperlihatkan
tempat pronominal dilesapkan.
Eg. * The is the doctor (
) I met yesterday.
* Im writing about a camera (
) I bought in your shop.
Catatan : Ini adakalanya disebut Zero Relative Pronoun. Clause tsb disebut Zero relative clause
3. Kedudukan Klausa Sematan.
Klausa sematan mengikuti Noun yang diterangkannya, dimanapun letak nomina itu dalam
Sentence. Berikut ini klausa sematan dalam Subject.
Eg. * The new cars have all been sold. They were made in Ireland.
The new cars which were made in Ireland have all been sold.
The new cars
have all been sold (klausa utama)
Which were made in Ireland (klausa sematan)
4.. Fungsi Klausa Sematan
Klausa ini sifatnya membatasi dan tidak membatasi , mempunyai 2 fungsi :
4a. Defining (membatasi) memberi keterangan penting guna menentukan jati diri apa/siapa
yang sedang anda bicarakan.
Eg. * The house has just been sold. Which house are you taling about?
The house (which) I showed you last week (has just been sold)
4b. Non Defining (tidak membatasi) memberi keterangan tambahan, tidak penting untung
menentukan jati diri yg sedang anda bicarakan.
Eg. * Mrs. Poters house has just been sold. Menambahkan keterangan / informasi lain :
Mrs. Poters house, which has been for sale for two years, has just been sold.
Non defining clause biasanya dipisahkan dari bagian Sentence yang selebihnya. Pemisahan
ini dilakukan dengan Comma dalam <tulisan> dan dengan intonation terpisah dalam
<cakapan>
Catatan : Jangan gunakan that pada awal non defining clause. Alih alih gunakan who
(whom, whose) atau which.
5. Whose + clause
Whose adalah bentuk Possessive Determiner dari Who. Ia biasanya mengacu pada orang
atau orang orang. Ia menggantikan his, her atau their.
Eg. * That woman is a well known actress.
You met her son.
That woman whose son you met is a well known actress.
Catatan: Jika anda menambahkan koma disini, maka koma tsb memperlihatkan bahwa klausa
sematan bersangkutan non defining bersifat tidak membatasi.
Eg. * That woman, whose son you met, is a well known actress.
6. Preposisi dalam klausa sematan
Preposisi ditempatkan didepan relatif pronoun. Tetapi sering ditempatkan posisi pd akhir
kalimat.
Eg. * This is the knife with which he was killed.
* This is the knife (which) he was killed with.
Bila preposisi berada pada akhir kalimat, kita dapat menggunakan that alih alih which atau
kita dapat melesapkan pronominal relatif.
Eg. * Sam is a student that * I once shared a room with.
* The bus we were waiting for never arrived.
* Jangan menggunakan that dibelakang preposisi:This is the school that my children go to
Tetapi tidak : This is the school to that my children go.
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7. Sentence relative clause (klausa sematan kalimat)

Klausa sematan kalimat mengacu kembali ke seluruh klausa atau kalimat, tidak hanya ke
satu nomina, selalu terletak pada akhir klausa atau kalimat.
Eg. * Tina admires the Prime Minister, which surprises me. (=and this surprises me)
* He admits his mistakes, which is extremely annoying.
8. Relative adverbs (adverb relatif)
When dan Where dapat menjadi adverbia relatif , mereka menghubungkan klausa relatif
dengan klausa utama dengan suatu hubungan Time atau Place.
Eg. * Do you remember the day (when) we first met? (menentukan hari mana )
* One day Im going back to the town where I spent my childhood. (mentukan kota
mana)
Catatan : Dibelakang nomina seperti time atau place kita dapat menggunakan that atau
Zero That Clause maupun when atau where.
Eg.* She felt ill all the time { (that)/ (when)} we were living in that cottage.
* Ive lost my purse. Im going bact to look for it in the place {(that/where)} I was sitting
EXERCISE 14.
Fill in the blanks with who, whose, whom, which, or that. Underlined the Relative clause.
Seto, ..parents have gone to Bali, is staying with us.
Seto, whose parents have gone to Bali, is staying with us.
1. Those are the pictures.my father took on the picnic trip.
2. Shes the girl from I borrowed this book.
3. The manager, ..car is outside, is a very rich man.
4. The house.they built here burnt down a few years ago.
5. The gun .he shot the tiger with a big one.
6. Is this the body..you were searching for?
7. These dresses, .she bought at that shop, are quite expensive.
8. The man gives me driving lessons is an old friend of mine.
9. The brush .he was painting the pictures with is missing.
10. All my school books, ..i bouooght only this year, are already torn.
11. The girl .brother has just left for Holland is spending the night here.
12. Thats the man.sold them the car.
EXERCISE 14. Join each pair of sentences using Relative Pronouns. Remember to use
commas for non defining clauses.
Mr. Sudirman won the competition. He lives opposite me.
Mr. Sudirman, who lives opposite me, won the competition.
1. This is the bed. I hide under it.
2. The snake was seven feet long. We caught it last night.
3. Royani won first prize. Her English is very good.
4. The cup is dirty. You are drinking from it.
5. My friend came here yesterday. He lives in Padang.
6. Mr. and Mrs. Namridus have gone to Japan for a holiday. They are our next door neighbors.
7. What is it? You took it with you.
8. The teacher scolded Saleh. His hair is always untidy.
9. His aunt gave him this car. She is very rich.
10. Ida didnt do her homework. She is very lazy.
11. Thats the film. I was telling you about it.
12. Narti found the purse. She lives near my house.
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7) Elliptical constructions.
Susunan eliptik dengan pola and ..too digunakan untuk mnggabungkan dua kalimat
positf yang mempunyai arti serupa menjadi satu kalimat majemuk. Sebagai contoh :
a) My brother likes reading. I like reading. My brother likes reading and I do, too.
b) Im a student. My sister is a student. I am a student and my sister is, too.
c) He came to the meeting. I came to the meeting. He came to the meeting and I did, too.
d) Seto can play the piano. Nina can play the piano. Seto can play the piano and N can, too.
Cara lain menggabungkan kalimat kalimat tsb, yaitu dng pola and ..so.+ subject.
a) My brother likes reading. I like reading. My brother likes reading and so do I .
b) Im a student. My sister is a student. Im a student and so is my sister.
c) He came to the meeting. I came to the meeting. He came to the meeting and so did he.
d) Seto can play the piano. Nina can play the piano. Seto can play the piano and so can Seto.

a)
b)
c)
d)

Susunan eliptik dengan and ..either atau and neither.. Digunakan untuk
menggabungkan 2 kalimat ingkar yang mempunyai arti serupa. Sebagai contoh :
Seto cant play the guitar. Nina cant play the guitar. Seto cant play the guitar and
Nina didnt either. Seto cant play the guitar and Nina neither can Nina.
Im not working. You are not working. Im not working and you are not either. I am
not working and neither are you.
He doesnt speak French. She doesnt speak French. He doesnt speak French and she
doesnt either. He doesnt speak French and neither does she.
I didnt swim last Saturday. My brother didnt swim last Saturday. I didnt swim last
Saturday & my brother didnt either. I didnt swim last Saturday & neither did my brother

EXERCISE 15. Combine these sentences below by using the forms and..too, or and.so.
1. We became tired. You became tired.
13. You should pay attention to the teacher. Marina should pay attention to the teacher.
14. Adi studies every day. Siti studies everyday.
15. We must come early. They must come early.
16. He went to Jakarta. His family went to Jakarta.
17. This car runs fast. That car runs fast.
18. I have finished my work. She has finished her work.
19. Tuti arrived late this morning. Anwar arrived late this morning.
20. Im going to swim next Saturday afternoon. You are going to swim next Saturday afternoon.
21. My brother may watch TV. My sister may watch TV.
EXERCISE 16. Combine the two sentences using and either / and neither .
1. They are tired now. We are tired now.
2. You shouldnt arrive late. Ali shouldnt arrive late.
3. He doesnt smoke. His friends dont smoke.
4. Marni wont be here tomorrow. Narti wont be here tomorrow.
13. I cant go. My brother cant go.
14. They dont know the answer. I dont know the answer.
15. You may not sit here. He may not sit here.
16. My shoes were not expensive. My shirt was not expensive.
17. He isnt here. His parents arent here.
18. I dont want to make the teacher angry. Answar doesnt want to make the teacher angry.

9) QUESTION TAGS AND RESPONSES.

1) Question tags digunakan pada akhir kalimat untuk membentuk pertanyaan pertanyaan.
2). Kita menggunakan question tags bila kita menginginkan seseorang menyetujui atau
menguatkan apa yang kita katakana. Sebagai contoh :
* It is rather cold today, isnt it? (Yes, it is). * Susi couldnt come, could she?
(No, she couldnt)
3) Kita menambahkan akhiran pertanyaan negatif pd pernyataan positif bila kit amenghendaki
jawabannya menjadi Yes.
The little girl is clever, isnt she? (Yes, she is).
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Youve finished your work, havent you? (Yes, I have)

He broke the vase, didnt he? (Yes, he did)

4) Kita menambahkan akhiran pertanyaan positif pada pernyataan ingkar bila kita
mengharapkan jawabannya menjadi No. sebagai contoh :
Lina wont come, wont she? (No, she wont)
You werent there, were you? (No, I wasnt)
She didnt steal the money, did she? (No, she didnt)
5) Ingat bahwa kata kerja didalam akhiran pertanyaan adalah sama seperti kata kerja didalam
kalimat pernyataan. Kata kerja didalam jawaban juga harus sama seperti kata kerja didalam
akhiran pertanyaan dan pernyataan. Sebagai contoh :
* Dadu didnt turn up, did he? (No, he didnt). * Latif is very happy, isnt he? (Yes, he is)
EXERCISE 16. Choose the correct answer from these options, A, B, C or D.
1. I havent heard anything from Lena.
A. So have I.
B. I havent also. C. Either have I. D. Neither have I
2. Sufi like the movie and Tami didnt like the movie.
A. Sufi and Tami didnt like the movie. B. Only Sufi didnt like movie.
C. Sufi didnt like the movie but Tami did.
D. One of the two girls didnt like the
movie.
3. I think that my mother will be interested in reading this novel but.
A. So will my father. B. My father wont.
C. So does my father. D. My father will be.
4. Give me your money,
A. Dont you.
B. Wont you.
C. Will you.
D. Do you. E. Dont you
5. There is something wrong,..
A. Isnt it?
B. isnt there.
C. isnt there.
D. isnt it. E. doesnt it.
6. X: Did Charles know Arys address?
Y: No, Char didnt know his address, neither did Arde
A. Arden didnt know his address, but Ch did.
B. Both Char & Arden didnt know his addres
C. Charles knew address and so did Arden
D. Arden knew his address but Charles didnt.
7. Tony: I dont know how to solve this problem. Mira: : Lets do it together, ?
A. will you. B. wont they.
C. wont you.
D. shall we.
E. will they
8. Santa will be happy if you come to her birthday party, and.
A. So does Deny.
B. Deny wont either.
C. Deny does too.
D. So will Deny.
E. will Deny too
9. Everybody has to do it, ..?
A. doesnt he.
B. do they. C. hasnt he.
D. arent they.
E. dont they
10. His shop was burnt down, .his car that was parked nearby.
A. and either did.
B. also was.
C. but neither was.
D. so did. E. and so was.
11. Your sister always gets up late on Sundays, . *
A. isnt it. B. does it.
C. doesnt she.
D. will she. E. should she
12. His name is Ferry, .
A. doesnt he. B. wasnt he.
C. isnt it.
D. arent they. E. isnt he
13. The dishes we had for lunch were all delicious, ?
A. didnt they. B. were they.
C. werent they. D. hadnt they. E. had we.
14. their proposal sounds promising, ?
A. is it.
B. dont they.
C. doesnt it.
D. was it. E. was it not
15. You seldom have your hair cut short, ..?
A. do you. B. did you.
C. have not you. D. dont you.
E. didnt you
16. There was never any talk of such a thing, ..?
A. was it. B. was there.
C. there was not. D. was it not.
E. wasnt there
17. There were not many problems in our life, .?
A. was it. B. werent there. C. were there.
D. wasnt it.
E. were they
18. Lets have a look, ..?
A. dont I. B. shall we.
C. do I .
D. do you. E. will you
19. Have another glass of water, ..?
A. will it. B. wasnt it.
C. will you.
D. will not it.
E. was it.
20. .., will you?
A. You will have to come tomorrow.
B. you have to come tomorrow.
C. You will come tomorrow.
D. You come tomorrow.
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E. Come and see tomorrow.

21. ., will you ?

A. Your sister will go.
B. Your sister will never pass the examination
C. Your sister will pass the examination. D. You will pas the examination.
22. You would rather stay in bed, .?
A. had you.
B. would had you.
C. would you. D. had not you. E. wouldnt you
23. They used to study hard, ?
A. didnt they. B. dont use.
C. do use they.
D. did they.E. do they.
24. Im not so fat as you , ?
A. arent I .
B. are I not.
C. are you.
D. did they.
E. are I
25. We have our lunch at 12 oclock, .?
A. dont we.
B. do we.
C. don have we. D. dont us.E. have we
26. She might be there, ?
A. might not she.B. might she.
C. had she not.
D. might she.
E. hadnt she.
27. He hardly ever gets up late, ?
A. does he.B. did he.
C. had she not.
D. doesnt he.
E. hadnt she.
28. You ought not to have cleaned the blackboard, ?
A. ought not.
B. ought you.
C. shouldnt you. D. you ought.
E. should you
29. You answered my invitation, ?
A. dont you.
B. did you not.
C. didnt you.
D. do you. E. did you.
30. Without his glasses he can hardly see us, he?
A. cant.
B. can.
C. couldnt.
D. does. E. could.
31. Your uncle said he would do his best to help you, .?
A. didnt you. B. would he.
C. didnt he.
D. wouldnt you.
E. wouldnt
he.
32. Shut the door, ?
A. do we. B. will you.
C. cant you.
D. dont you.
E. could you.
33. Lets go to the movie, ..?
A. do we. B. cant we.
C. shouldnt we. D. shall we.
E. wouldnt we.
34. This winter has not been cold, ..?
A. has it not.
B. has not it been.
C. has not it.
D. has it been.
E. has it.
35. You son made you do that, ?
A. didnt he.
B. didnt you.
C. did make you. D. did he. E. did you.
36. Not having to attend lectures doesnt mean that the students have only little work to do, ..?
A. havent they. B. do they.
C. isnt he.
D. dont they.
E. doesnt she
37. Everybody works hard everyday, .?
A. havent they. B. do they.
C. isnt she.
D. dont they.
E.
doesnt she.
38. To most Indonesian, summer is familiar, .?
A. is it.
B. isnt it.
C. dont they.
D. are you. E. did you.
39. You neednt stay too long, ?
A. do you. B. need you.
C. dont you.
D. are you. E. did you.
40. Everything that is produced should be counted, ..?
A. isnt it. B. is it.
C. didnt it.
D. shouldnt it. E. should it
10) PASSIVE VOICE.
1) Digunakan untuk lebih memberikan tekanan / lebih menitip beratkan pentingnya suatu
tindakan / perbuatan daripada pelakunya. Contoh :

They built a bridge here. (active) A bridge was built here. (passive)

The boy has spent all the money. (active). The money has been spent.
(passive)

They took him to the police station (active) He was taken to the police
station.
2)
Digunakan bila pelakunya tidak diketahui.
Someone has stolen my book. (active) My book has been stolen. (passive)
No one will make the announcement. (active) The announcement wont be made.
Someone locked the door. (active) The door was locked. (passive)
3) Bila kita mengharapkan untuk memperkenalkan pelakunya atau untuk membuat kalimat
itu mempunyai pengertian sempurna, kita gunakan kata by.
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Nani switched on the fan. The fan was switched on by Nani.

Paul will chair the meeting. The meeting will be chaired by Paul.
We play the game with two packs of cards. The game is played with two packs
of cards by us.
4). Bila ada 2 object dlm satu kalimat, object yang tidak langsung biasanya menjadi subject
kalimat pasif.

Contoh :
The class will give her a present. She will be given a present.
They told Ahmad the news. Ahmad was told the news.
She hit him on the head. He was hit on the head.
EXERCISE 17. For the following questions, choose the best answers.
1. She has picked some flowers.
A. Some flowers have been picked.
B. some flowers are picked.
C. She has been picked.
D. She was picked by some flowers.
2. They showed her the easiest way to do it. The passive voice of this sentence is
A. She showed the easiest way to do it. B. She was shown them the easiest way to do i
C..She showed them the easiest way to do it. D. She was shown the easiest way to do it.
3. Which of these sentences is in the passive voice ?
A. People speak English all over the world.
B. Someone has broken two of my dinner plate
C. It will be forgotten in a few years time.
D. We shall discuss the matter tomorrow.
4. Find the passive form of Someone is following us.
A. we are followed by someone.
B. We are following someone.
C. We are being followed by someone. D. We have been following someone.
5. Which of the following sentences is wrong?
A. Everybody in the class must be asked to returned the library books.
B. Everybody in the class are asked to return the library books.
C. Everybody in the class was asked to return the library books.
D. Everybody in the class will be asked to returned the library books.
E. Everybody in the class had been asked to returned the library books.
6. You are not driving your car. No, .
A. Its repaired. B. Its being repaired. C. It was repaired. D.It has been repaired.
7. None of us was prepared for the English test. This means .
A.. Some were prepared & some werent prepared
B. Each has prepared for the English test
C.We were all unprepared for the English test.
D. Most of us were prepared for the English test
8. Pair of scissors in the class room yesterday.
A. founded.
B. has founded. C. was found.
D. were found.
E. had been found
9. They were cleaning the room when I arrived.
A. Theyre being clean the room when I arrived.
B. The room being cleaned when I arrived.
C. The room was being cleaned by us I arrived.
D. The room was being cleaned when I arrived
10. All of the cakes have been eaten by the cats. From these sentence we know that
A. the cats eat all the cakes.
B. the cats have eaten all the cakes.
C. There are still some cakes left.
D. a cat has eaten all the cakes.
11. Most scientific books in English.
A. are printing. B. are printed. C. have printed. D. will have been printing.
12. The exhibition ..by Minister of Art.
A. opens. B. opened. C. has opened.
D. will open.
E. will be opened.
13. He wished Aunt Anne had been invited to the dinner party. This sentence means
A. he wants to the dinner party together with Aunt Ann.
B. Aunt Ann received an invitation to attend the party.
C. Aunt Ann didnt know about the dinner party.
D. Aunt Ann likes attending a dinner party.
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E. He had invited Aunt Ann to come to the dinner party.

14. Rita chose Raymond chairman of the class. From this statement we know that .
A. Rita was chosen chairman.
B. The chairman isnt Raymond.
C. Both of them are chairmen.
D. Raymond was chosen chairman.
15. This house by my grandfather long time ago.
A. had been built.
B. has been built.C. was built.D. is built. E. will be built.

16. The patient .in this time tomorrow.

A. will be operated. B. will be being operated. C. will have been operated.
D. will have been being operated.
E. is operated.
17. Before I came, my television .by the thief.
A. stole. B. steals. C. has been stolen.
D. had been stolen.
E. stealing.
18. Nobody can do such a thing.
A. Such a thing cannot be done by anybody.
B. A thing can be done by anybody.
C. A such a thing can be done by somebody.
D. Such a thing cant be done
19. She has picked some flowers. The passive voice of the above sentence is .
A. Some flowers have been picked.
B. Some flowers has been picked.
C. She has been picked.
D. She was picked by some flowers.
20. I shall leave the key under the mat. We can also say .
A. I shall leave the key under the mat. B. I shall be leave the key under the mat.
C. The key shall be left under the mat. D. The key shall be left me under the mat.
21. The wedding party in Horizon hotel now.
A. is celebrated.
B. is being celebrated. C. was celebrated.
D.
has
been
celebrated
22. The robber ..death last week.
A. were shot.
B. is being shot. C. was shot.
D. have been shot.
23. Tommy is making a kite. The passive sentence from that is
A. Tommy is being made by a kite now.
B. Tommy was made by a kite.
C. A kite is being made by Tommy now.
D. A kite was being made by Tommy now.
24. The tiger .in the cage for one year.
A. has been kept.
B. was being kept.
C. have been kept.
D. was kept.
25. The success of our team .everywhere in town now.
A. is celebrated.
B. was celebrated.
C. was celebrating.
D.
is
being
celebrated
26. The rent house must ..every quarter.
A. be paid.
B. being paid.
C. was paid.
D. is paid.
27. The book for two weeks.
A. is borrowed. B. has been borrowed. C. have been borrowed. D. has borrowed.
28. English ..three times in my school every week.
A. is taught.
B. are taught.
C. was taught.
D. will be taught.
29. The letter .last week.
A. had been received. B. has been received.
C. was received. D. is received.
30. Nina : Will painting be exhibited tomorrow? Seto : We dont know yet, they by a team
A. are still being selected. B. are selecting. C. still be selected.
D. still selected
31. Mrs. Supiati didnt write this article. This article was not.by Mrs. Supiati.
A. being done. B. being written.
C. written.
E. written
32. Can we get tickets for the second show of the Jurrasic park? I thing they .
A. are sold out. B. are to be sold out.
C. sold out.
D. be sold out.
33. The picture is not here any more, it must be ..
A. being taken away. B. took away.
C. been taking away. D. been taken away.
34. Im sorry but you cant swim today. The pool ..
A. be cleaned.
B. it cleans.
C. is being cleaned.
D. is cleaning.
35. Last night someone broke into our house. Oh, dear.
A. did anything take. B. was anything take. C. anything to be taken. D. anything to
take
36. The production process in textile plant .
A. needs to be monitored. B. are needed to monitored. C. they are need to monitor.
37. Why do those people panic? Their semi permanent houses
A. demolished.B. are demolishing.
C. to be demolished. D. are being demolished.

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11) CONDITIONAL SENTENCES / KALIMAT BERSYARAT.

1 : If .Present tense, main clause .future tense. If he knows the answer, he will tell her.
2 :If past tense, main clause .future past. If he knew the answer, he would tell her.
3 :If past perfect , main clausefuture perfect
If hed known the answer, he would have told her.
Sdm 8/17/2005 1:37:58 PM

EXERCISE 18. Choose the correct answers.

1.If someone had taken her book, she the teacher.
A. would have told it. B. will have told it to. C. would tell it to.
D. would have told
2. He if I had not reminded him.
A. may forget. B. must forget.
C. might have forgotten.
D. would forget.
3. Were the doctor here, he would immediately examine Mary. This sentence means .
A. Mary cannot be examined because the doctor is not here.
B. The doctor is here and examining Mary.
C. Mary is being examined because the doctor is here.
D. Although the doctor is here, Mary is not examined.
19. Had I known you did not have any money, I .you mine.
A. would lend.
B. would have lent.
C. would not lend.
D. had lent.
20. If you dont hurry, the bus the stations before you get there.
A. has left.
B. will be leaving.
C. will have left. D. will leave.
21. .what would you do ?
A. If you are robbed.
B. Are you robbed.
C. If you were robbed. D. If robbed you
were
22. I ..my study if I have good marks in the exams.
A. continue.
B. will continue. C. would have continued. D. would continue.
23. If you did your homework, the teacher .angry with you.
A. would.
B. will.
C. would have been. D. will be.
24. If Namrid today, I .him to my party. A. comes will invite.
B. come would invite. C. came will invite.
D. had come would invite.
25. Anto would answer the question if he knew it. In fact, he the answer.
A. doesnt know.
B. didnt know. C. hasnt known. D. knew
26. If my father had a car, I would take Andi to Puncak, Didi said. From the sentence above we
can conclude that A. Did took Andi to Puncak.
B. Did drives his fathers car.
C. Did went to Puncak with Andi.
D. Did and Andi will go to Puncak.
27. If Harry had failed, with him?
A. would his father has been angry.
B. will his father have been angry.
C. would his father be angry.
D. did his father become angry.
28. If you took an umbrella, you .wet.
A. will get.
B. would get.
C. would have got.
D. would not get
29. If I ., my father would have been angry with me.
A. fail.
B. failed.
C. had failed.
D. would fail
30. If it rains tomorrow, we .home.
A. shall stay at.
B. should stay at. C. stayed.
D. stay
31. If he soon, he his uncle.
A. return will meet.
B. returns will meet.
C. returned would meet.
D. has returned will meet
32. If you him your car, he .it.
A. lends will drive.
B. lend would drive.
C. lent would drive.
D. lend would be driving
33. If they him, he will .them.
A. help thanked. B. would help thank. C. help thanks. D. help thank.
34. If you .me some money, I will ..next week.
A. lend repays.
B. lent repays. C. lend repay. D. lent repaid.
35. If he had not helped me, I .of hunger.
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A. would die.
B. will die.
C. would have died. D. would died.
36. .he would have eaten half of the cake.
A. If he is hungry.
B. If only he was hungry.
C. Were he hungry.
D. he had been hungry
37. Had .in England, we English.
A. we been should have learned.
B. we were should have learned.
C. we were should learn.
D. been we should learn
38. If I early, I .him.
A. have got up should have seen.
B. had got up should have seen.
C. has got up should have seen.
D. have got up should have seen
39. Im sorry our basketball team has lost. harder.
A.. You would not be sorry you trained.
B. You wont be sorry, if you would train.
C. Youd not have been sorry if youd trained. D. Youd not be sorry, if you trained.

40. Mom, I feel like staying away from school today. I wouldnt if I were you.
We may conclude that mother .
A. thinks he should go to school.
B. wants him to stay home.
C. thinks they should both go to school.
D. would like him to do what he wants.
41. If he told the truth, they would forgive him. This sentence means .forgive him.
A. He tell the truth so they .
B. He tells the truth, but they cant
C. He doesnt tell the truth, they.
D. He doesnt tell the truth, so they cant
42. If Amat had waited ten more minutes he would not have walked home in the rain. From the
above sentence we may conclude that.
. A. Amat came home all wet.
B. Amat had gone before it rained.
C. the rain didnt make Amat wet.
D. Amt waited for 5 minutes for the rain stop
43. Please mail the letter today so that Tati will receive it next week. This means that Tati will
not receive the letter next week it today.
A. if you mail
B. unless you mail.
C. after you mail.D. if you didnt mail.
44. If hed taken the swimming lesson seriously, he could have become a good swimmer. Means
A. He liked swimming very much.
B. He didnt have the potential of a good swimmer
C. He was afraid of swimming.
D. He wasnt interested in becoming a good
swimmer
45. Had the company not raised Seto s salary, he would have looked for another job. We may
conclude from the underlined words that Seto
A. didnt leave his present job.
B. doesnt like his job.
C. found a better paying job.
D. couldnt find a good job.
EXERCISE 19. Rewrite these sentences using unless instead of the words in bold.
Eg. * They will leave without you if you are not there on time.
They will leave without you unless you are there on time.
1. I shall help you provided that you do as I tell you.
2. The door will open provided that you push it hard enough.
3. They will be afraid of you as long as you are strict.
4. Harman will sell his racquet on condition that you him a high price.
5. If you dont ring the bell, the driver will not stop the bus.
6. Karno will not join the club if his brother doesnt join.
7. She is happy as long as she gets her way.
8. I shall start the meeting on condition that everybody is seated.
9. Lions usually dont attact if they are not hungry.
10. Mrs. Supiati will understand what you are saying only if you write it down for her.
12) VERB PATTERNS.
MAIN VERB suatu CLAUSE dpt diikuti oleh berbagai unsure / elemen yg melengkapi
artinya. Unsur unsure ini membentuk pola verba. Sebagai contoh : want dan wish
mempunyai arti yg sama, tetapi masing masing sesuai untuk pola yg berbeda :
+ noun phrase : I want / wish a cup of tea.
+ to + a verb ... : I want / wish to be alone.
+ that clause : I want / wish that I was young.

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Dibawah ini digambarkan pola verba yg terpenting, dan didaftar verbanya yg paling umum.
(Disini N = Noun Phrase atau Pronoun dan V = Verb Phrase). Tiap pola digambarkan dengan
bentuk pernyataan (statement).
E g.
N + V + N I want of a cup of tea.
Pola ini harus diubah jika hendak membuat suatu pertanyaan atau membuat pernyataan
ingkar
E g. * Do you want a cup of tea?
* What do you want?
* I dont want a cup of tea.
Catatan : Senantiasa bisa dibubuhkan adverbial tambahan pada pola tsb.
E g. * I very much want a cup of tea tonight.
Dalam tabel dibawah ini pola pola didaftar berdasarkan urutan berikut :
O pola tanpa unsur dibelakang Verba.
1 O pola dengan satu unsur dibelakang Verba.
11 20 pola dengan dua unsur dibelakang Verba.
Sdm 5/28/2005 11:38:29 PM

Ikhtisar pola verba : N = frasa nomina / pronoun V = frasa verb utama

Pola tanpa unsure dibelakang Verba.
O N + V.
The bus has arrived.
It doesnt matter.
Pola dengan satu unsure dibelakang Verba
1. N + V + N
Everyone enjoyed the show
2. N + V + N / adjectiva.
She is my friend. She is busy.
3. N + V + adverbial
The children are at the zoo.
4. N + V + klausa - that
I admit (that) Ive been foolish.
5. N + V + klausa wh
The police asked where we were going.
6 . N + V + klausa wh / to
Everyone should learn how to swim.
7. N + V + to + Verba
I would love to visit Yugoslavia.
8. N + V + Verba
You had better come early tomorrow.
9. N + V + Verba + ing.
I like watching football.
10. N + V + past participle.
The thief got arrested by the police.
Pola dengan dua unsure dibelakang Verba.
11. N + V + V1 + N2
They have given her a beautiful present.
12. N + V + N + N / adjective
The queen kept her marriage secret / a secret.
13. N + V + N + adverbial
I took the key of my pocket.
14. N + V + N + klausa that
John told me (that) his father ill.
15. N + V + N + klausa wh.
I didnt tell anyone where Id hidden the key.
16. N + V + N + klausa wh / to
The pilot taught me how to land safely.
17. N + V + N + to + Verba
I want you to feel at home.
18. N + V + N + Verba.
She lets the boys to play football on the lawn.
19. N + V + N + Verba + ing
They dislike the house being left empty.
20. N + V + N + V3
The boss wants these letters typed.
O

N + V
Verba ini tidak membutuhkan apa apa untuk mengikutinya; disebut verba instransitive.
* The bus has arrived.
* It doesnt matter.
* His son was working.
Contoh lain :
Begin; come; drink; drive; fall; go; happen; help; lie; occur; rise; wait; write.
Verba ini juga tergolong pola 1 (verba transitive). E g. * I have been writing (some letters)

1.

N + V + N
verba ini memerlukan Noun Phrase yang mengikutinya; disebut Verba Transitive. N yang
mengikuti merupakan object dan menjadi subject dalam kalimat pasif.
E g.
* Everyone enjoyed the show. (aktif) The show was enjoyed by everyone.
(pasif)
Mary was cleaning the kitchen.
Her husband laid the table.
No one knows the answer.
You will need some more money.
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Contoh lain :
Believe ; bring ; carry ; cut ; do ; find; get ; hear ; hold ; keep ; lay ; like ; love ; make
; raise ; remember ; say ; take ; use ; want.
2. N + V + N / adjective.
Verba ini diikuti baik oleh suatu Noun Phrase atau suatu Adjective yang bertindak sebagai
komplement. (Adjective tsb bisa diperluas menjadi frasa adjectiva seperti very busy; too busy
to help us; etc). Verba yg paling umum dalam pola ini adalah BE (be : am, is, are, was, were).
E g. * She is my friend.
* She is busy.
Verba lain dapat menggantikan be.
E g. * She became my friend.
* She became busy.
Sdm 5/28/2005 11:40 PM

3. N + V + adverbial.
Pola ini seperti halny apola 2 ditemui dengan verba perangkat, terutama be.
E g. * The children are at the zoo.
* The kitchen is downstair.
Biasanya adverbial tsb merupakan suatu adverbia atau frasa preposisional tempat dalam pola
ini. Tetapi adverbial waktu / jangka waktu dapat pula digunakan.
E g. * The party will be tomorrow. * The meeting lasted for several hours.
4. N + V + klausa that
Banyak verba diikuti oleh suatu That Clause sbg object. Verba yang berkenaan dng berbicara:
E g. * I admit (that) Ive been foolish.
* No one denies (that) the jewels were stolen.
* They say (that) Nina is getting married. * Everyone agreed the show was a success
* Scientists have predicted (that) this forest will die.
Verba yang berkenaan dengan berfikir :
E g. * We believe (that) the government is losing. * Sam discovered the house was on fire.
* People used to think (that) the earth was flat.
5. N + V + klausa wh.
Eg.* The people asked where we were going.
*I wonder whether the air tickets are
nearby
* Do you know who is chairing the meeting? *I couldnt decide what present to buy for her
* No one realizes how hard we work.
Contoh Verba pola 5 : ask ; (not) care; choose; discuss; find out; forget; know; (not) mind;
point out ; prove ; see ; wonder. Verba verba ini dapat juga digunakan pada pola 6.
Catatan : find out, forget, point out dan prove tergolong pola 4
Catatan : verba verba ini kerap menggunakan suatu Klausa wh dibelakang cant / couldnt ,
decide , explain, make out, remember, say, think.
6. N + V + klausa wh / to
Klausa wh berawal dng suatu kata wh dan mengandung suatu To infinitive (to + verba)
E g. * Everyone should learn how to swim. * Have you chosen what to wear at the party?
* I dont know which of these watches to buy.
* They are discussing where to go for their holiday / vocation.
7. N + V + to + verba ..
Verba yang menggunakan pola ini banyak. Verba tsb diikuti oleh suatu klausa infinitive to.
E g. * Id love to visit Yugoslavia.
* Most people want to own their own houses.
* Did you remember to water the flowers?
* Seto started to write novels in 2002.
* Theyve been trying to improve the roads.* (Please) dont bother to cook anything for me
* The children are helping to paint the walls. * The building seems to be empty.
* Joan and I have promised to take the children to the zoo.
8. N + V + Verba .
Hanya beberapa verba yang menggunakan pola ini :
(a) Kata Bantu modalitas (modal auxiliary).
(b) Idiom verba had better dan would rather
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Verba utama help , yg juga dapat menggunakan to + verba.

E g. * You had better come early tomorrow. * This liquid will help / help to cure your cold.
9. N + V + Verba + ing
Seperti halnya pola 7, pola ini mencakup banyak jenis verba yang berbeda.
E g. * I like watching football.
* Some people cant bear listening to jazz.
* (Please) stop annoying the cat. * Anthony has started working at the factory.
* The prisoner denied stealing anything.
* (But) he admitted breaking into the
house
* We must avoid making too much noice. * She goes running every morning.
* A mother cant help feeling proud of her child. Bentuk ing kerap disebut Gerund.
10. N + V + Past participle (.)
Verba satu satunya dalam pola ini (selain kata bantu be dalam kalimat pasif) adalah get.
E g. * The thief got arrested by the police.
* Our team got beaten several times.

11. N + V + N1 + N2
[ Dalam pola ini N1 adalah indirect object (O tdk langsung) dan N2 adalah object langsung]
Eg. * The have given her a beautiful present.
* Could you lend me some clothes?
* John owes his sister $ 10,000.
* She asked them a favour.
* Let me make (you) a cup of tea.
* We wish all our friends a happy New Year.
11a. Dalam pola 11 dapat pula dicantumkan verba yang menggunakan preposisi antara N1 dan
N2, yakni prepositional verbs :
N + V + N1 + preposisi + N2
Eg. * Everyone thanked Polly for the party. * His enemies accused him of laziness.
* Let me introduce you to my neighbors.
Contoh lain :
Compare .with.
Congratulate.on.
Convict of.
Deprive .of.

prevent ..from.
sentence ..to.
protect .from.
suspect of.
Remind.of.
treat ..of.
rob of.
Warn .of.

12. N + V + N + N / adjective
Eg. * The queen kept her marriage a secret/secret. * Do you prefer your coffee black?
* The army left the building a ruin / empty.
* We all thought him an excellent boss.
* Jim and I are getting the house straight.
* Newspaper reported Mrs Brown dead
* The chairman has declared the meeting official. * The noise was driving them all mad.
(Dalam pola ini, N/adjective tsb disebut Object Complement)
Contoh lain : call; elect; hold; make; send; turn.
Catatan:Beberapa verba, seperti : declare; report; dan think dpt menggunakan klause that
Eg. * We all thought that he was an excellent boss.
Verba ini dapat juga menggunakan object + to + infinitive.
Eg. * We all thought him to be an excellent boss.
Umumnya pola 12 dan pola 17 <lebih resmi> dan <kurang umum> daripada pola 4. Tetapi
kedua pola itu agak umum dalam kalimat pasif.
Eg. * He was thought (to be) an excellent boss.
Ada juga pola prepositional verb dengan as. N + V + N + as N / adjective.
Eg. * He treated her as a servant.
* The news broadcast described the situation as very dangerous.
13. N + V + N + adverbial.
Kebanyakan adverbial dalam pola ini merupakan adverbial motion (gerakan) atau place.
Eg. * (First) I took the key out of my pocket.
* (Then) I put into the lock.
* They are sending their son home.
* (Always) keep your eyes on the road.
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Verba lain adalah : bring ; get; lead; place; show; stand; drive ; lay ; leave ; see ; sit
Catatan : Verb treat menggunakan adverbial manner dalam pola ini.
Eg. * His parents treated well.
* His parents treated badly.
14. N + V + N + klausa that.
Eg * John told me (that) his father was ill. * I bet (you) (that) our team will win.
* They informed her her bag had been found. * We assure you (t) were doing our best
* No one could convince Lia (that) she was wrong.
Verba ini terutama merupakan verba berbicara yg menampilkan Indirect Statement.
Contoh lain : advice; persuade; promise; remind; satisfy; teach.
15. N + V + N + klausa wh
{ how long we had been waiting.
Eg. * Jim asked us { when the meeting would end.
{ whether the train had gone.
Sdm 5/28/2005 11:49 PM

Selain ask pola ini dapat digunakan dengan verba dalam pola 14, terutama dalam Question dan
dibelakang negative.
Eg. * I didnt tell anyone where I had hidden the key.
* Have you reminded the audience what you are going to sing?
16. N + V + klausa wh / - to
Klausa wh dalam hal ini adalah klausa To infinitive (bandingkan pola 6 dengan pola 15 )
Eg. * The pilot taught me how to land safely. * Could you tell us which museum to visit?
* (Please) remind them (of) what to wear. Verba : advice ; ask ; instruct ; show ; warn
17. N + V + N + to + Verba..
Dalam pola 17, object diikuti oleh suatu klausa To infinitive. Banyak jenis verba yang
berbeda yang menggunakan pola ini :
Eg. * I want you to feel at home.
* They dont like us to arrive late.
* They reported the car to be missing. * We believe it to have been stolen.
* He expected the guest to arrive late. * She asked the doctor to give her advice.
* He adviced her to take a long rest.
* They forcing him to change his mind.
* You must get them to clean their rooms* She wont allow the class to borrow her books
* This compels them to buy new copies.* I am helping Mimi to finish her homework
18. N + V + N + Verba.
Dalam pola 18, Basic Form verba mengikuti object.
Eg. * She lets the boys play football on the lawn. * Ive known him eat a pound of snails.
* She should make them behave themselves. * Let me help you tidy these papers.
* Did you see anyone leave the building?
* No, but I heard someone bang the
door.
* The judge had the witness repeat this statement.
Verba lain dalam pola ini : fell ; notice ; watch ; observe.
Catatan : have; let; dan watch disini tidak memiliki bentuk pasif. Verba verba lain dari pola
18 membuat bentuk pasifnya dengan To infinitive.
Eg. * the thief was { seem
} to escape by the back door.
{ observed }
19. N + V + N + Verba + ing .
* They dislike the house being left empty.
* We watched the crowd gathering in the street
* Mia cant bear anyone interfering with her work.
*I cant hear s.s.o. knocking on the windows.
* The driver stopped his bus crashing into the wall.
Verba lain : feel ; hate; like ; love ; notice ; see ; smell
20. N + V + N + past participle ()
E g.

* Can you { get / have } his watch repaired , please

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The boss wants these letters typed before tomorrow.

I would like my room cleaned now, please.
They saw the home team beaten.

EXERCISE 20 Choose the correct answers.

1. X : Excuse me!
Y : Where are you going?
X : Im going to post my fathers letter.
Y : You did post it this morning.
X : I forgot .the letter.
A. posting.
B. post.
C. to be posting. D. to post
2. Oh, yes, I remember .you at the station last year.
A. to meet.
B. to meeting.
C. meet.
D. meeting.
3. I suggest .more sentences on the gerund next time.
A. to do.
B. do doing.
C. do.
D. doing.
4. is always boring.
A. Waiting.
B. To be waiting. C. Being waited. D. To waiting.
5. Your composition is not perfect yet. You should practice paragraph.
A. write.
B. to write.
C. writing.
D. writes.
Sdm 11:52:43 PM

6. all the way home made us tired.

A. Walk.
B. We have walked. C. We are walking.
D. We walk.
7. I would appreciate ..from you.
A. hearing.
B. to hearing.
C. hear.
D. to hear.
8. She prefers her work before going home.
A. finishing.
B. finished.
C. being finished.
D. to be finished.
9. X : Lets get a cup of coffee. Y : Not now, I dont want to stop yet.
A. study.
B. for studying. C. to study.
D. studying.
10.He is afraid of ..to give his identity to the audience.
A. being asked.
B. to asking.
C. asking.
D. to ask.
11. Before ..think carefully.
A. speaking.
B. you speak.
C. to be speaking.
D. to speak.
12. Do you mind our ..you so often?
A. to visiting.
B. to visit.
C. to be visiting. D. visiting.
13. We looked forward to .him tomorrow.
A. so seeing.
B. to see.
C. to go.
D. sees.
14. He finished his work before .home.
A. going.
B. go.
C. to be going.
D. to go.
15. The boys stopped drinking alcohol. This sentence means
A. the stopped and began to drink.
B. They stopped to drink.
C. They didnt want to drink alcohol anymore. D. They stopped in order to drink.
16. You should give up much.
A. drinking.
B. to be drunk.
C. to be drinking.D. to drink.
17. She hatesalone at night.
A. walking.
B. walk.
C. to be walking. D. to walk.
18. Ill never allow you in the class.
A. smoking.
B. be smoking. C. smoked.
D. to smoke.
19. I never understand her .like that.
A. dressing.
B. to dress.
C. dress.
D. to be dressing.
20. I have explained a lot of to you. Now please try the problem by yourself.
A. solve.
B. to solve.
C. be solving.
D. solving.
21. It is a successful job since you keep on .
A. working.
B. to work.
C. work.
D. to be working.
22. At new years eve ..continued until early in the morning.
A. to sing and to dance. B. singing and dancing. C. they sing.
D. they sing and
dance
23. I was interested in ..more about your work.
A. learn.
B. learned.
C. to be learning. D. learning.
24. It is not in hurry, we can postpone the letter.
A. posting.
B. to be posted. C. be posting.
D. to post.
25. ..in bad to our health.
A. Smoking.
B. To be smoking.
C. To be smoked. D. Being smoking.
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26. I dont remember giving him my address, means .

A. I had to give him my address but I forgot to do it.
B. If I remember, Ill give him my address
C. I had to give him his address but I forgot to do it.
D. I gave him my address but I forgot about it
27. Do you like Rendra? Yes, Im looking forward ..his play tomorrow.
A. seeing.
B. to see.
C. see.
D. to be seeing.
28. all the way home made us tired.
A. Walk.
B. We walk.
C. By walking. D. Walking.
29. Would you mind loud?
A. not talk.
B. not talking.
C. not to talk.
D. you not talk.
30. .a new language can be very interesting.
A. Learn.
B. Learning.
C. In learning.
D. Learned.
31. After having meals, I like .water better than tea.
A. drink.
B. drinking.
C. be drinking.
D. is drinking.
32. She remembers meeting the man at a dance party. The underlined words mean.
A. she remembers she has to meet the man. B. she remembers she will meet the man.
C. remembers to meet the man.
D. she remembers that she ever meet the man
Sdm 5/28/2005 11:53:41 PM

33. I forgot you flowers for your birthday.

A. buy.
B. buying.
C. to be bought. D. to buy.
34. Please forgive my .but is that really safe?
A. asks.
B. asks.
C. to ask.
D. asking
35. Which do you like better, listening to music or playing the guitar?
A. I like listening to music better than to play the guitar.
B. I like listening to music better than playing the guitar.
C. I like listening to music better than to play the guitar.
D. I like listening to music more to playing the guitar.
36. Hurry up please, your mother is at home.for you.
A. to wait.
B. has been waiting. C. waiting.
D. is waiting.
37. Mother bought the bag cheaply after ..with the salesman.
A. bargained.
B. being bargained.
C. bargain. D. having been bargained
38. Mr. Sudirman drinks tea a lot; he doesnt drink much coffee. He prefers.
A. to drink tea than coffee. B. drink tea to coffee. C. drinking tea to coffee. D. tea than coffee.
39. No one would mind .to such a good cause.
A. contributing.
B. to contribute. C. contributed.
D. contribute
40. I completely objected to .early for dinner.
His arriving.
B. him to arrive. C. he arrives.
D. him arriving
41. Although people told tom that his father died in the battle field, he kept ..for a letter from him
a. hope.
B. to hope.
C. hoped.
D. hoping.
42. By some miracle my father escaped in the accident.
A. to being hurt.
B. to be hurt.
C. to hurt.
D. not hurting
43. I cannot forgive your ..to me.
A. writing not.
B. not to writing. C. to write.
D. not writing
44. Are you sure of his my statement.
A. quote.
B. quoting.
C. be quoting.
D. to quoting.
45. He completely denied .the money.
A. steals.
B. to steal.
C. stealing.
D. stole.
46. I dont like him he always delays .everything.
A. do.
B. to do.
C. doing.
D. does.
47. Which sentence has a gerund ?
A. Nina is reading an interesting book now.
B. He was reading when I arrived home yesterday
C. He spends most of his time reading.
D. If you visit him this evening hell be reading
48. Will you take care of children?
A. Let them play not in the street.
B. Let not them play in the street.
C. Dont let them play in the street.
D. Dont let them playing in the street.
49. Did you see the soldiers .down the street?
A. sleep.
B. to sleeping.
C. slept.
D. sleeping
50. I found him .Cola.
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41

A. drink.
B. drank.
C. drinking.
D. to drink.
51. The careless cook was baking a cake. Suddenly my father shouted , I smell something ..
A. burning.
B. being burning.C. was burning. D. is burning.
52. Please give me a vase.flowers in.
A. puts.
B. to put.
C. to be putting. D. putting.
53. I expect him soon.
A. to see.
B. sees.
C. seeing.
D. to be seeing.
54. Nina : Listen! Can you hear a child ..? Mimim : What! I cannot hear anything.
A. cried.
B. to cry.
C. is crying.
D. crying.
55. Which of the following sentences is incorrect?
A. The board of this institution has elected Tony chairman. C. You should give up to smoke.
B. Did you notice anyone leave the house?
D. They named the baby Rudy.
56. My friend, John insisted on in the restaurant.
A. to eat.
B. be eating.
C. eats.
D. eating
57. We expected her .on Friday.
A. arrive.
B. to arrive.
C. arrived.
D. arriving
58. The thief admitted ..the money.
A. to steal.
B. be stealing.
C. to be stealing. D. stealing
Sdm 5/28/2005 11:54:56 PM

59. We always avoid ..to the zoo on Sundays because it is too crowded.
A. going.
B. go.
C. to go.
D. to be going
60. The man sitting next to Atik said, Do you mind ..?
A. smoking.
B. I smoke.
C. to smoke.
D. my smoking
61. Please excuse me you.
A. to interrupt.
B. interrupt.
C. interrupting. D. for interrupting
62. Where is Honey? Oh, I forgot .him.
A. to invite.
B. not inviting. C. invite.
D. inviting.
63. Your handwriting is almost impossible ..
A. reads.
B. to read.
C. for reading it. D. reading
64. You seem to like him very much. Yes, he is such a nice man.
A. talking to.
B. talks to.
C. to be talk to. D. to talk to.
65. Little children are usually afraid of ..by their mother.
A. left.
B. to leave.
C. being left.
D. leaving
66. You can trust him because I heard him the truth.
A. told.
B. telling.
C. was telling.
D. to tell
67. I have never known him ..so badly before.
A. to behave.
B. behave.
C. behaving.
D. to be behaved
68. Do you wish me ?
A. to stay.
B. stay.
C. staying.
D. stayed
69. They .Mr. Tony President of Royal Bank. Which of the following options is incorrect to
complete the sentence above.
A. made.
B. appointed.
C. will elect.
D. treat.
70. The thief denied .the jewelry although the police forced him to admit it.
A. steal.
B. stealing.
C. to steal.
D. in stealing
71. He has not enough experience .Principal of our school.
A. promoted.
B. to be promoted.
C. being promoted.
D. be promoted
72. I dont like your late every time.
A. to come.
B. come.
C. comes.
D. coming
EXERCISE 21. Copy only those sentences below in which have the NV patterns.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)

The reached the river.

k) He oboyed the rules of the game.
He rode the horse well.
l) Where does this bird lay its eggs?
My father signed the forms.
m) He looked the words up in a dictionary.
My sister is a nurse.
n) Did they notice the other poster?
Can she cook good meals?
o) My father wants to start a factory.
Dont forget the message!
p) She shut the cat out last night.
Did you mix the salt and sugar? q) She shut the door last night.
They argued loudly in the shop. r) They decided to attack suddenly.
They honoured the foreign visitors.
s) They decided to attack the enemy suddenly.
It rained heavily.
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EXERCISE 22. Copy the sentences below and give the patterns (NV, NV Adverb, NVN etc
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

My father dorve carefully.

i.) My sister always lays the tables.
My father drove our car carefully.
j.) After he moved out they moved in.
A large car drove up.
k.) Nothing had changed.
The factory employs fifty men. l.) He missed one bus but we caught another one later
When did he die?
m.) It costs a lot of money.
They returned the book yesterday.
n.) He dreams every night.
How much money did he waste? o.) Who feeds your cat?
How late did he arrive?
Sdm 7/24/2005 8:44:15 PM

13) DIRECT INDIRECT.

1) Bila mengubah ucapan langsung menjadi tdk langsung, kita tdk mengubah V 1 bila
a). Kata kerja pendahulu adalah present atau future tense.
Eg. * Ali says, I feel fine. (Direct) Ali says that he feels fine. (Indirect)
* Tuti will say, Mother will go to the market soon. (direct)
Tuti will say that mother will go to the market soon. (indirect)
* Lia says, I am leaving now. (direct) Lia says that she is leaving now.(indirect)
* Mary says, I am very sorry. (direct) Mary says that she is very sorry.(indirect)
b). Pernyaataan tsb adalah suatu kebenaran atau bila menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang
dilakukan karena kebiasaan.
Eg.*Nina said, Insects have six legs. (direct)Nina said that insects have six legs.(ID)
* Miss Supi said, The sun always rises in the east. (direct)
Miss Supi said that the sun always rises in the east. (indirect)
c) kita mengetahui bahwa perbuatan itu masih sedang berlangsung.
Eg. * Mrs. Supiati said, Father has not come home yet, (direct)
Mrs. Supiati said that father has not come home yet. (indirect)
2) Pada bagian lainnya, bentuk kata kerja seharusnya berubah sesuai dengan peraturannya :
DIRECT
Present tense
Subject + Verb1 (+s/es) +
Father said, I am hungry.
Present Continuous tense
Subject + am / is / are + V 1 + ing +
Lena said, I am waiting for the bus.
Present Perfect tense
Subject + has / have + Verb3 + .
Mother said, I have gone there.
Present Perfect Continuous tense
Subject + has / have + been + Verb1 + ing
The students said, Weve been doing the
work since morning.

INDIRECT
Past tense
Subject + Verb2 + .
Father said that he was hungry.
Past Continuous tense
Subject + was / were + Verb 1 + ing +
Lena said that she was waiting for the bus
Past Perfect tense
Subject + had + Verb3 + .
Mother said that she had gone there.
Past Perfect Continuous tense
Subject + had + been + Verb1 + ing +
The students said that they had been doing the
work since morning.

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Past Tense
Subject + Verb2 + .
Seto said, I wrote a letter.

Past tense / Past Perfect tense

S + Verb2 + ../ S + had + V3 + .
Seto said that he wrote a letter.
Seto said that he had written a letter.

Past Continuous tense

Past Perfect Continuous tense
Subject + was / were + Verb1 + ing +
Subject + had + been + Verb1 + ing
Sati said, I was painting the house.
Sati said that she had been painting the house
Future tense
Future Past tense
Subject + will / shall + Verb1 +
Subject + would + Verb1 +
Nina said to me, Ill help you.
Nina said to me that she would help me.
Future Continuous tense
Past Future Continuous tense
Subject + will + be + Verb1 + ing +
Subject + would + be + Verb1 + ing.
He said, I will be taking pictures.
He said that he would be taking pictures.
Future Perfect tense
Past Future Perfect tense
Subject + will + have + Verb3 +
Subject + would + have + Verb3 +
The farmers said, We will have finished the The farmers said that they would have finished
work by ten oclock tomorrow.
by ten oclock the next day.
Sdm 8/17/2005 1:45:53 PM

3). Bila mengubah suatu kalimat menjadi kalimat tak langsung (Indirect speech), perubahan juga
dibuat pada adverbs.
DIRECT
Today
Tomorrow
Yesterday

INDIRECT SPEECH
That day
The next day
The previous day

DIRECT
Next day
Last night

INDIRECT SPEECH
The following day
The previous day

4) Perubahan juga dibuat pada pronoun dan possessive adjective.

DIRECT
I
Me
You
We
Us
My

INDIRECT SPEECH
He or she
Him or her
I, me, we, he, she/they
They
Them
His or her

DIRECT
Our
Yours truly, mine
Yours truly, ours
This/these

INDIRECT SPEECH
Their
My, our, his, her, or their
His or hers
Mine, ours, or theirs
Theirs
That / those

5) Bila mengubah kalimat perintah atau permintaan menjadi indirect speech, kita boleh
menggunakan kata kerja seperti : told, ordered, commanded, asked dan to infinitive. Kita juga
menambahkan not pada perintah atau permintaan menyangkal.
Eg.* Keep quiet! shouted the teacher to us. (d)The teacher ordered us to keep quiet.(ind)
*Dont litter the compound,he shouted (d)He commanded to us not to litter the compound
6). Bila mengubah suatu kalimat pertanyaan langsung menjadi pertanyaan tidak langsung, kita
boleh membuang tanda Tanya & mengubah susunan beberapa kata kata. Kita menggunakan if
atau whether bila kalimat pertanyaan langsung itu dimulai dengan suatu kata kerja. Bila
pertanyaan tsb dimulai dengan kata pertanyaan (wh) maka kita pakai kata pertanyaan tsb.
Eg. * Where is everyone?Anne asked. (direct) Anne asked where everyone was. (indirect)
* Are you well? he asked me. (direct) He asked me whether I was well. (indirect)
EXERCISE 23. For the following questions, choose the best answer of the options.
1. She told Nina, Stay here till I come! She told Nina .
A. to stayed there till you came.
B. to stay there till she came.
C. stayed there till he came.
D. stay there till he came.
2. Which one of the following sentences is in reported speech ?
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44

A. The teacher told us an interesting story last week.

B. The teacher taught us a new pattern.
C. The teacher told us not to smoke in the classroom.
D. The teacher has told us about it several times.
3. Mother said to father, Wont you eat sth before you go to the hospital? This means that
A. Mother wanted to eat something before father went to the hospital .
B. Mother asked father not to eat anything before he went to the hospital.
C. Father was asked not to eat anything before he went to the hospital.
D. Mother wanted father to eat something before he went to the hospital.
4. Mother told Ali to repair his bicycle. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Mother said, Do you repair your bicycle Ali?
B. Mother asked Ali, Ali, have you repaired your bicycle?
C. Mother asked Ali, Repair your bicycle!
D. Mother asked Ali, Repair my bicycle!
5. Have you got your car mended?
A. He asked me if I had got my car mended.
B. He asked me if Ive got your car mended
C. He asked me if Ive got my car mended
D. He asked me if I had got your car mended
Sdm 8/17/2005 1:46 PM

6. My friend said to me, Can I find you a hotel? means .

A. My friend asked me if I could help him to find a hotel.
B. I wondered if my friend could help me find a hotel.
C. My friend asked me to find a hotel for him.
D. My friend asked me whether he could help me find a hotel.
7. Switch off the television, father ordered me. We can say: Father ordered me .television.
A. switch off.
B. to switch off. C. switched off. D. switching off.
8. The captain told the sailor not to leave the ship.
A.. The sailor said, The captain didnt leave the ship
B.. The sailor said, Dont leave the ship.
C. The captain said, The sailors didnt leave the ship.
D. The captain said, Dont leave the ship!
9. I dont like to see the film, he said to. He told me the film.
A. if he didnt like to see.
B. that he doesnt like to see.
C. that he didnt like to see.
D. that he didnt like to have seen
10. Dont be lazy! He asked me be lazy. A. dont. B. not.
C. not to. D. didnt.
11. X : Pick up the rubbish! Y : What did she say? X : ..
A. Pick up the rubbish.
B. She told you pick up the rubbish.
C. She told you to pick up the rubbish.
D. She told you not to pickup rubbish.
12. Mr. Henry said to me, Why do they go abroad so often? Mr. Henry asked me .
A. if they went abroad so often.
B. why they went abroad so often
C. why did they go abroad so often.
D. why do they go abroad so often.
13. Tony : He drove his car very fast. Rini : What did he say ? Indar : He said that ..
A. he drove his car very fast.
B. he was driving his car very fast.
C. he had to drive his car very fast.
D. he had driven his car very fast.
14. Can you tell me what time it is? The indirect speech of that question is He asked me
A. if I could tell him what time it was.
B. if I can tell him what time it was.
C. if I could tell him what time it is.
D. if I can tell him what time it is.
15. The teacher asked Narti , Why did you make many mistakes?
The teacher wondered..many mistakes.
A. why she had made. B. why did you make. C. Why you make.
D. why I make.
16. Your friends are my friends , he told us. He told us that..
A. your friends were my friends.
B. my friends were his friends.
C. our friends were his friends.
D. our friends were my friends.
17. My friend asked me if I had come to the meeting the day before. My friend asked me ,.?
A. Do you come to the meeting the day before. B. Did I come to the meeting two days ago.
C. Did you come to the meeting the day before. D. Have you come to the meeting yesterday.
18. Which of the following sentences is in reported speech?
A. Drivers must stop here to let pedestrian cross the road first.
B. She noticed the man staring at her.
C. She received invitation to visit the batik factory.
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45

D. He advised us to make good use of our time.

19. The secretary asked me with Mr. Namridus.
A. did I have an appointment.
B. how was my appointment.
C. whether I had an appointment.
D. that I had an appointment.
20. He asked me whether he .my car to go to the party.
A. can borrow.
B. might borrow. C. may borrow. D. would borrow
21. When she was getting dress, she yelled at me,
A. Dont leave the door open.
B. Dont leave the open door.
C. Dont leave the door opened?
D. Dont leave the door opened!
22. The girl begged to the robber,
A. dont take my money.
B. not take her money.
C. not to take her money.
D. he didnt take her money
23. Which of the following sentences has the correct punctuation ?
A. The teacher told to the students, Dont use pencils in exam!
B. The teacher told to the students, Dont use pencils in exam!
C. The teacher told the students, dont use pencils in exam.
D. The teacher told the students , Dont use pencils, in exam!
24. The tourist asks me .
A. where the nearest bank is.
B. the nearest bank.
C. where is the nearest bank.
D. which the nearest bank is.

25. Which one has the correct punctuation?

A.. Mother says to my sister, brush your teeth.
B.. Mother says to my sister, brush your teeth!
C.. Mother says to my sister, Brush your teeth!
D.. Mother says to my sister, Brush your teeth!
26.The teacher asked the lazy student .attended .the English classes.
A. why hadnt
B. when had he C. hadnt he.
D. how often he had
27..What did the cashier of the bookstore tell you? with a credit card.
A. Not paying.
B. Not pay.
C. Not to pay.
D. Did not pay
28. The secretary asked me .with Mr. Kaslan.
A. did I have an appointment.
B. how was my appointment.
C. whether I had an appointment.
D. when is my appointment.
29. As the road to Puncak had become very slippery after the rain, I told the bus driver..
A. dont speed.
B. not to speed. C. let us not speed.
D. not speeding
30. I forgot to ask ..absent
A. why the boys were. B. if the boys were
C. when were the boys
D. that the boys
were
31. She said, Im disappointed with you. She said that .
A. I was disappointed with me.
B. you were disappointed with her.
C. she was disappointed with me.
D. they were disappointed with her.
14) CAUSATIVE HAVE AND GET
CAUSATIVE FORM adalah penempatan kata kerja (mis : to have, to get atau make) dalam
suatu kalimat yang kalimat tsb mengandung arti bahwa sesuatu perbuatan bukan kita yang
mengerjakan / melakukan tetapi dilakukan oleh orang lain.
Eg. * Bill Jones is going to tell the barber to cut his hair. Bill Jones is going to have his hair
cut.
* I must tell my brother to repair my watch. I must have my watch repair.
* I will ask the shoemaker to sole his shoes. I will have his shoes sole.
RUMUS :

Subject + have / get + Object + V3 + by phrase

Eg. * Nina will order her brother to post the letter. Nina will have/get the letter posted.
* I must tell my brother to repair my watch. I must have / get my watch repaired.
Dalam bentuk negative, digunakan kata do, does did.
Eg. * I have it repaired. I dont have it repaired.
* The president has education developed.
The president doesnt have the education developed
* John had his advice remembered. John did not have his advice remembered.
Dalam kalimat Tanya, digunakan kata Bantu do, does, did
45

46

Eg. * You have the window opened. Do you have the window opened?
* He has his homework done. Does he have his homework done?
* She had the letter posted. Did she have the letter posted?
Dalam kalimat Interogative negative digunakan kata do, does , did dan ditambahkan not.
Eg. * The commander has the city defended. The commander doesnt have the city defended.
Does the commander have the city defended?
* I have it serviced. I dont have it repaired. Dont I have it repaired?
EXERCISE 24. Choose the right options A, B, C or D.
1. We have our neighbor check our house whenever we go on vocation. This means, that every
time we go on vocation
A. we first check the house with our neighbor. B. we dont let our neighbor check our
house
C. our neighbor comes to check our house. D. we have checked our neighbors house.
2. Did you plan the program for our high school reunion yourself? No, do it
A. Fadli had me. B. I had Fadli
C. I had to do it for Fadli. D. I had Fadli to .
3. Is your car new? No, I ..at my brothers garage.
A. had only painted it.
B. only had it painted.
C. had to paint it only.
D. only it had painted

4. If I dont come to the class today, the teacher will have me write the poem ten times. The
underlined words mean
A. the teacher has written the poem ten times. B. Hell write the poem for me 10 times.
C. I will have to write the poem ten times. D. I have written the poem ten times.
5. The curtains are dirty, we.at the dry cleaners.
A. must have washed them
B. have washed them.
C. must have them washed.
D. are washing them
6. Mr. Andi asked his son to drive him to his office. We can say, Mr Andi.to his office.
A. drove his son.
B. had his son drive him.
C. has to drive his son.
D. had to drive his son
7. Mother got her son ..the bike yesterday.
A. repair.
B. to repair.
C. repairing.
D. repaired.
8. I am having my car repaired, it means
A. I would like my car to be repaired.
B. My car needed repairing.
C. Someone is repairing my car.
D. My car is being repaired by me.
9. What a lovely evening gown you are wearing! Did you make it yourself?
A. to be made.
B. had it made. C. had to make it.
D. had made it.
10. Being ill, my mother had her breakfast brought to her room. This means : As my mother
was ill, her breakfast to her room.
A. she had brought.
B. she was asked to bring.
C. she asked somebody to bring.
D. shed brought
EXERCISE 25. Choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C or D
1. I had my watch repaired. Means
A. I repaired my watch.
B. I had repaired my watch.
C. My watch had to be repaired.
D. I asked someone to repair my watch.
2. Mr. Namridus had the letter translated in ten minutes, means Mr. Namridus .
A. wanted the letter to be translated in ten minutes. B. could translate the letter in ten minutes.
C. had translated the letter in ten minutes.
D.finished translating the letter in ten minutes
3. The teacher has the children .to the passage twice.
A. listen.
B. listening.
C. have listened. D. listened.
4. Because she is ill, she wants .into the room.
A. to have breakfast brought.
B. to have brought her breakfast.
C. she brings her breakfast.
D. having her breakfast brought.
5. Im having my shoes repaired. This sentence means
A. Im repairing my shoes by myself.
B. I would like my shoes to be repaired.
C. My shoes needed repaired, so I asked my shoemaker to do the repair.
6. The old tree is dangerous, Ill have it cut tomorrow. It means ..
A. I will cut the tree myself.
B. I will have cut the tree tomorrow.
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C. I will find someone to cut the tree tomorrow. D. Sso will tell me that the tree is
dangerous
7. The backboard is dirty, the teacher will have it cleaned. It means
A. shell clean it.
B. shell have cleaned it.
C. shell get to clean it.
D. shell get someone to clean it
8. He asked the gardener to clean the yard. He asked .
A. the gardener cleaned the yard.
B. the yard cleaning.
C. to clean the yard.
D. to be cleaning the yard.
9. Seto gets his hair trimmed once a month. This means that..
A. Seto himself trimmed his hair once a month. B. he gets trimmed his hair once a month.
C. somebody trims his hair once a month. D. his hair is trimmed by himself every month
10. Ss cannot move the table alone. Shell ask someone to help her move the table. We can say
A. shell move the table alone.
B. she needs someone to help her move the table
C. shell have to move the table alone.
D. she will have the table moved.
11. He will have his hair .
A. to cut.
B. cut.
C. cutting.
D. to be cut.
12. You must your hair cut! mother said. Mother said that..
A. I had to cut my hair.
B. she wanted to be cut my hair.
C. she had to cut my hair.
D. I have to ask a barber to cut my hair.
13. I had my watch repaired yesterday. It means
A. I had repaired my watch yesterday.
B. I myself repaired my watch yesterday.
C. I wanted to repair my watch yesterday. D. I asked sso to repair my watch yesterday

14. The window is broken, shell have someone repair it. We can also say
A.. shell get to repair it.
B. shell repair it herself.
B.. shell have to repair it.
D. shell get someone repaired
15. His car was broken. He had it
A. repaired. B. be repaired.
C. repair.
D. to be repaired
16. John had his bicycle repaired. It means..
A. A man told John to repair his bicycle.
B. A man asked John to repair his bicycle.
C. John had repaired his bicycle.
D. John asked a man to repair his bicycle.
17. These dresses are dirty. My mother will have them washed. It means
A. my mother herself will wash them.
B. my mother will have washed them.
C. my mother will get someone to wash them. D. s.s.o will get my mother to wash them
18. She has got her brothers toys.
A. repair.
B. repairs.
D. repaired.
D. to repair.
19. Which of the following sentences has causative use of have ?
A. We have painted our house brown.
B. We had our house painted brown.
C. We have to paint our house brown.
D. We have been painted our house brown.
20. Teacher : Ali, dont you know that students arent allowed to have long hair?
Ali
: Im sorry sir. Ill have it cut tomorrow. The underlined sentence means Ali
A. will cut his hair.
B. has cut his hair.
C. cut his hair himself.
D. will ask someone to cut his hair
21. Do you make your own dresses? Yes, but sometimes I have ..
A. to make them.
B. them made.
C. made for them.
D. made them.
22. Your dress is too short, Ani. You must have it
A. length.
B. lengthen.
C. to lengthen.
D. lengthened.
23. We have our neighbor check our house whenever we go on vocation. This means : that every
time we go on vocation
A. we first check the house with our neighbor. B. we dont let our neighbor check our
house
C. our neighbor comes to check our house. D. we have checked our neighbors house.
24. We are going on a long trip, so we must.
A.. checked the car.
B. have the car checked.
C. have had the car checked.
D. had the car checked
25. Now that shes grown up, my niece has her old dresses lengthened. This means my niece
A. has lengthened her old dresses.
B. asked someone to lengthen her old dresses
C. has been told to lengthen her old dresses.
D. has been told to lengthen her old dresses.
26. I dont know how to arrange these flowers; Id rather
A. do it.
B. have to do it.
C. have it done. D. it has been done
27. My mother has all her dresses made because she
A. cant sew at all.
B. doesnt have a good dress maker.
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C.. she cant afford to pay a dress maker

28. Arent you going to make hotel reservation? No, Ill have the travel agent.
A. to do it.
B. in doing it.
C. doing it.
D. do it
29. Mr. Brown had his secretary get tickets for the football game. Means .
A. Mr. Brown was asked by his secretary to get tickets.
B. The secretary had to get tickets for Mr. Brown.
C. Mr. Brown went with his secretary to get tickets.
D. The secretary had got tickets for Mr. Brown.
30. The farmer had his fields ploughed. Means the farmer ..
A. ploughed his field himself. B. wanted to plough his fields. C. let others plough his fields
15) PREFERENCE : menyatakan suatu pilihan.

like ..better than

prefer ..to .
Would rather .than.
Would prefer ..rather than..

EXERCISE 26. Choose the correct answers by crossing A, B, C or D for each answer.
1. I like playing the guitar but I like playing the piano very much. We can also say I prefer
A. playing the piano than playing the guitar.
B. playing the piano to playing the guitar.
C. play the piano than play the guitar.
D. playing the piano better than playing the guitar
2. Nina : What would you like to drink, tea of coffee? Seto : Well, I tea than coffee.
A. like.
B. prefer.
C. would have. D. would rather have.
3. X : Would you like to go to the beach?
Y : No, not particularly. Id rather to the mountain resort
A. had gone. B. would go.
C. going.
D. go.
4. She prefers walking to running. The sentence means she likes ..
A. walking as well as running.
B. walking better than running.
C. walking more than running.
D. walking less than running.
5. Instead of saying I know Anna likes milk better than coffee. We can also say: Anna
A. doesnt like milk.
B. prefers coffee to milk.
C. doesnt enjoy drinking milk.
D. would rather have milk than coffee.
6. He .play than study.
A. rather.
B. likes.
C. would rather. D. would like.
7. Mary watching TV to studying.
A. would like.
B. would rather. C. prefers.
D. likes.
EXERCISE 27. Choose the correct answers.
1. One of the following is not commonly correct in structure.
A. They like clean air in countryside better than polluted air in big cities.
B. They prefer clean air in countryside to polluted air in big cities.
C. The would rather clean air in countryside than polluted air in big cities.
D. They would rather have clean air in countryside than polluted air in big cities.
2. Some people prefer living in a big city living in a village.
A. than.
B. better than.
C. from.
D. to.
3. Eddy drinks tea a lot, he doesnt drink much coffee. He preferscoffee.
A. to drink tea than.
B. drink tea to.
C. drinking tea than. D. drinking tea to.
4. After having meals, I like .water better than tea.
A. drink.
B. drinking.
C. be drinking.
D. is drinking.
5. My sister would prefer ..rather than coffee.
A. drink tea.
B. drinking tea. C. to drink tea.
D. is drinking.
6. Tina : Come on Bet. Lets play. Betty : Its drizzling outside. Id rather stay indoors and
read a novel. Betty let Tina know that .
A. she would play outside instead of staying indoors and reading a novel.
B. She didnt like to play outside or stay indoors and read a novel.
C. She would stay indoors and read a novel though she didnt want to.
D. She would like to stay indoors and read a novel better than play outside in the rain.
7. Jenny : Which do you prefer, singing or dancing? Ronny : Id rather
A. sing to dancing.
B. sing than dance.
C. dancing than singing.
D. dancing to singing
8. X : How about going to the cinema, Desi ? Desi : No, thank you, I .
48

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A. like both.
B. dont like dancing.
C. would rather study.
D. like going to the cinema
9. Father : Which one do you want for your birthday present, Ria, a pair of shoes or a dress?
From the dialog we know that Aria prefers .
A. to have a dress than a pair of shoes.
B. a dress than a pair of shoes.
C. a dress to a pair of shoes.
D. have a dress to a pair of shoes.
10. Which one is correct ? She prefers ..
A. to stay at home that to go to the party. B. to stay at home to go to the party.
C. staying at home to going to the party.
D. to staying at home.
11. Which of the following sentences indicates Preference?
A. He doesnt like to work as a sales person.
B. Amir prefers short hair to long hair.
C. You had better stay indoors.
D. His uncle left him a fortune.
16) SUBJUNCTIVE
WISH : digunakan disini untuk menyatakan suatu harapan yg tidak terpenuhi.
TABLE 1
No
Subject + wish
K l a u s a
Subject
Predicate
1
I wish
you
studied harder.
2
The woman wishes
she
were healthy.
3
The students wish
there
wasnt (going to be) a test tomorrow.
4
We wish
we
could join you next Saturday.
Sdm5/29/2005 12:14:35 AM

Keterangan : Bentuk Subjunctivewish (bentuk pengandaian) wish pada tabel 1 diatas

menyatakan harapan yg berlawanan dg kenyataan dalam waktu sekarang dan yg akan
datang.
Polanya : S + wish + subject + verbs bentuk lampau. Arti kalimat tsb dlm tabel 1 ialah :
1. You dont study hard enough. 3. There will be a test tomorrow.
2. She is not healty.
4. We wont be able to join you next Saturday.
TABLE 2.
No

Subject+wish (ed)
Subject

1
2
3
4

He wishes
I wish
They wished
We wished

he
the children
they
we

K l a u s a
Predicate
had known her long time ago.
had been happy last Sunday.
had studied harder.
had been here.

Keterangan : Jika kita mengutarakan harapan yang berlawanan dng kenyataannya di waktu
lampau, maka digunakan pola :
Subject +wish (ed) + verba dlm kala lampau perfectif.
1. He didnt know her a long time ago.
3. They didnt study hard enough.
2. The children were not happy last Sunday.
4. We were not here.
EXERCISE 28 A.
Rewrite these sentences beginning with I wish/He wishes.Make other changes where necessary
Eg. * The train will be punctual. I wish the train would punctual.
1. You came earlier.
9. You told me that sooner.
2. I am rich.
10.The train will stop.
3. He knows where shes put the key. 11. He could visit that place last year.
4. He can come with us.
12. He knew that he would be there, too.
5. They will mind their own business. 13. They are our friends.
6. She is not so stubborn (bandel).
14. She wasnt there when it happened.
7. The police caught the thief.
15. She thought of this before.
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8. We were more careful.

16. I am as clever as he is.

SUBJUNCTIVE WITH IF ONLY & WOULD RATHER

Gabungan If only digunakan dalam anak kalimat pengadaian untuk menyatakan harapan
yang bertentangan dengan kenyataan yang terjadi, yang sudah terjadi atau yang akan terjadi.
Umumnya anak kalimat pengandaian seperti ini terletak sebelum induk kalimat dan verba
berbentuk kala lampau, kala lampau perfektif atau kala lampau akanan.
Eg. * If only I were healthy, I would be able to go to the party.
(Fakta: Im not healthy, so I am not able to go to the party).
* If only they had started early, they would have finished the work. .
(Fakta : They didnt start early, so they didnt finish the work)
* If only he would come tomorrow, you could meet him.
(Fakta : He wont come tomorrow, so you cannot meet him).
* If only he would marry me, I would be happy. (Kenyataannya ia tidak mengawini saya).
Klausa If only dapat berdiri sendiri dalam kalimat seru.
Eg. * If only I hadnt lost it. (Andaikata saja saya tidak kalah). If only my team had won!
Pola would rather dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan pilihan yang lain dari kenyataan.
Dalam percakapan sering dipakai bentuk singkatan : Id rather.
a. You come today. (fact)
b. Id rather you came tomorrow. (pilihan yg lain dari fakta)
Untuk waktu sekarang dan yg akan datang digunakan verba lampau. Untuk waktu lampau,
digunakan verba kala lampau perfektif.
Sdm 5/29/2005 12:19:36 AM

EXERCISE 29. IF ONLY untuk menyatakan harapan yg berlawanan dengan kenyataan.

Eg. * He was not here yesterday he didnt meet her.
If only he had been here yesterday, he would have met her.
1. They didnt take her to the hospital she died.
2. He didnt finish his work last night he didnt go to the show.
3. They didnt find your house they stayed in the hotel.
4. He didnt stop for the red light the collision took place.
5. The study tour will cost too much I will not join it.
6. The old woman lost all of her money we had to help her.
7. We waited for him in the corridor we didnt meet him.
8. He spent the day talking to his friends he had to stay up all the night.
EXERCISE 30. Gunakanlah would rather utk menyatakan pilihan yang lain dari kenyataan,
kata kuncinya didalam kurung, sedangkan kata yg dicetak miring dihilangkan
Eg. * You speak fast. (slowly), I would rather you spoke slowly.
1. We close the office at five oclock. (at two oclock)
2. She went by bus. (by plane)
3. The farmers grow corn and peanuts. (cotton)
4. My husband works at night. (in the morning)
5. He bought a car. ( a house)
6. They took their children to the beach. (to the mountain)
7. Most of them submitted (menyerahkan) their assignment at the very last minute (early)
8. You stayed up late last night. (go to bed early).
SUBJUNCTIVE : AS IF .; AS THOUGH
No

1
2

Main clause
Subject
Verbs

He
The boy

treats
looks

me
me

Subjunctive
As if/as though

as if/as though
as if/as though

I
he

Adverbial Clausa
Verbs
Object

were
had seen

a stranger.
a ghost.
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3
4

That man
He

talks
ate

---

as if/as though
as if/as though

he
he

knew
hadnt eaten

all about it.

for a week.

Keterangan :
As if / as though artinya seolah olah atau seakan akan. Frase frase ini digunakan dalam
anak kalimat keterangan tentang cara melaksanakan atau dalam anak kalimat perbandingan.
Apa yg dinyatakan dalam anak kalimat ini tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan maka verbnya
berbentuk Kala lampau atau Lampau perfektif. Bentuk Kala lampau be adalah were untuk
semua subject.
EXERCISE 31. Gabungkanlah masing masing pasang kalimat ini dengan as if / as though.
Eg. * She sings. She is not an angel.(bidadari).--> She sings as if she were an angel.
1. He ran very fast. A ghost did not chase (mengejar, memburu) him.
2. He speaks loudly. He is not in the forest.
3. She acts. She is not a queen.
4. She treated her servant badly. He was not an animal.
5. He entered calmly. He didnt know every man in that room.
6. He behaves. The work is not his.
7. Work hard! Tomorrow is not the end of the world.
8. She smiled at me. She didnt know me before.
9. You look. You have seen a ghost.
10. She cried. Her heart was broken.
11. The maid behaves. She is the mistress of the house.
12. They went on talking. Nothing happened.
13. The boy orders his mother about. She is a servant.

EXERCISE 32. Choose the correct answers.

1. I wish he.here now.
A. is.
B. has been.
C. will be.
D. were.
2. He behaves as though he owned the car.
A. He didnt owned the car.
B. He behaves because he owns the car.
C. He doesnt own the car.
D. He doesnt behave.
3. She went to the blackboard as if she had know the answer. This sentence means .
A. She ought to know the answer.
B. She definitely knew the answer.
C. She is not sure the answer.
D. She actually didnt know the answer.
4. I wish I had understood what he said yesterday. It means ..
A. I can understand well.
B. I didnt understand what he said yesterday.
C. I dont want understand what he said.
D. what he said was understandable.
5. Bill has been working for this bookstore for many years and now he acts as if he were the
owner. From this sentence we may conclude that Bill is .
A. an honest man.
B. Bill has become a rich man.
C. not the owner of the store.
D. a shareholder
6. Jim : You look tired, Nancy! Something wrong with you?
Nancy : Yes, I feel unwell. I
wish I hadnt worked so hard. The underlined sentence means : Nancy .hard.
A. works.
B. worked.
C. didnt work. D. hadnt worked.
7. She smiled at me. She didnt know me before. She smiled at me as if she .before.
A. knows me.
B. knew me.
C. doesnt know me. D. had known me.
8. I know youre having financial problems. But you keep it to yourself. I wish you about it
now.
A. talk to me.
B. talked to me. C. had talked to me. D. didnt talk to me
9. Mr. Sudirman is only 50, why do you talk to him as if he ..an old man.
A. is.
B. were.
C. is not.
D. had been.
10. I wish I were a millionaire. This means : I .a millionaire.
A. am.
B. am not.
C. was.
D. wasnt
EXERCISE 33. Choose the correct answers.
1. I wish you to stayed at home because Im sure youd have enjoyed the concert very much.
A. didnt have.
B. hadnt.
C. havent had. D. hadnt had
2. Im planning to go to a party tonight, but its raining very hard now. I wish it
51

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A. stops.
B. would stop.
C. had stopped. D. will stop
3. What a pity. I dont speak English. I wish I .English.
A. speak.
B. spoke.
C. have spoken. D. had spoken.
4. Lets go swimming. I wish I . . We have a test tomorrow and I still have to study.
A. was.
B. could.
C. were.
D. had been able.
5. I wish I ..him.
A. knew.
B. had known.
C. will know.
D. know.
6. Books are expensive nowadays. I wish they
A. arent expensive.
B. are cheaper.
C. are less expensive.
D. were less
expensive.
7. X : Is the manager in today? Ill tell him something important.
Y : Ah, I wish he were in now. This means : the manager ..
A. is in now.
B. to be in now. C. is not in now. D. were not in
8. They wish they had enough time to play together. It means they ..
A. wish to play together all the time.
B. have enough time to play together.
C. dont have enough time.
D. play together every time they want.
9. I wish she would tell me what is on her mind. This sentence means .
A. Im certain that she would tell me what is on her mind.
B. It is possible that she is telling me what is on her mind.
C. Im doubtful whether she would tell me what is on her mind.
D. Im sorry she will not willing to tell me what is on her mind.
10. X : Is the principal in today? I need his signature immediately.
Y : No. I wished he were here now. The last sentence means : the principal .
A. is in now. B. is not in now. C. was in yesterday. D. was not in yesterday
11. Theres a beautiful girl over there. I wish I knew her. I wish I knew her means I . the lady.
A. know .
B. didnt know. C. have known. D. dont know
Sdm 5/29/2005 12:23:34 AM

12. Tony : Look at your car. Its very dirty.

Seto : Well. Ill have it washed tomorrow. From the dialog we know that Seto..
A. Has already washed his car.
B. and Tony will wash his car.
C. ask somebody to wash
.
D. Seto will ask somebody to wash his car.
13. I wish you had not given him my phone number. It means you my phone number.
A. gave him.
B. didnt give him.
C. hadnt give him.
D. would give him.
14. I wish I a professor. A. were. B. was being.
C. to being.D. am.
15. Dont you speak Indonesian? I wish I .
A. did.
B. speak.
C. are going to. D. do.
16. I wish you tomorrow.
A. have gone.
B. would go.
C. shall go.
D. will go.
17. What a pity you live so far away! I wish you so far away.
A. lived.
B. live.
C. had lived.
D. didnt live.
18. What a pity I didnt see her. I wish I .her.
A. havent seen.
B. saw.
C. sees.
D. had seen.
19. N : Who is he ?
M : He is John. N : No, he is Jerry.
D. Oh, I wish he .John.
A. is.
B. to be.
C. would be.
D. were.
20. Is Ida still ill? Yes, I wish she .here now to help me type the report.
A. would be.
B. will be.
C. were.
D. had been.
21. Im sorry I cannot to the airport to see your mother off. I wish I to work overtime tonight.
A. wouldnt have.
B. havent had. C. wont have.
D. hadnt had.
22. She wishes she hadnt forgotten her promise. This means that she .her promise.
A. tried not to forget.
B. didnt forget. C. forgot.
D. would forget.
23. Im sure he is not the man in charge of the sales department but now, he .the sales manager
A. acts as if he is.
B. is acting as if he would be.
C. acts as if he were
D. would have acted as if he had been.
E. would acts as if he was.
17) DEPENDENT INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.
DEPENDENT CLAUSE : tidak dapat berdiri sendiri sbg suatu kalimat. Biasanya
ditandai dng penghubung seperti : that, if, who, where, which, why, when etc atau
suatu inversion.
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53

E g. * I hope that you will like this picture. * He thinks that it will rain.
* I will be surprised if he can do it. * He asked me if I could come here.
* I dont know who she is.
* We asked him where hed been all night.
* Had I know, I wouldnt have come. (inv). Bhw saya tahu jika saya tdk dpt datang
* He didnt know when I left school
* He can go wherever he likes.
* He walks as if he were drunk.
* Hes clever student because he studies hard
* He came earlier so that he could sit in the first row.
* She will buy a new dress if she has enough money.
* Although they are not rich they live happily.
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE : dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai suatu kalimat dan sudah
mempunyai pengertian yang sempurna. Sebagai contoh :
* I went to the market yesterday.
* He would give me a present.
Kalimat tsb diatas disebut Independent clause karena sudah mengungkapkan suatu arti
yang lengkap. Dalam kalimat selalu memiliki sebuah induk kalimat. Bila ada 2 atau
lebih independent clause atau main clause digabungkan menjadi satu, maka kalimat ini
disebut kalimat majemuk (compound sentence). Sebagai contoh :
* Rudy was the big name in badminton. Seto was capturing the honors of golf.
Rudy was the big name in badminton and Seto was capturing the honors in golf.
Contoh independent clause :
* He will come if you ask him. * I bought the coat because it was cheap.
* You can go now if you like. * Ill make a cup of tea when I have finished.
EXERCISE 34. Choose the correct answers.
1. Would you please call me ..?
A. whether the books we ordered have arrived. B. when the books we ordered arrive.
C. that the books we ordered have arrived. D. when have the books we ordered arrive.
Sdm 2005-05-29 00:29:06

2. Do all citizen know ?

A. what are their rights.
B. their rights, what are they.
C. what their rights are.
D. what rights
3. annoys her teacher very much.
A. Why does Ina always come late.
B. whether Ina always comes late.
C. if Ina always comes late.
D. that Ina always comes late.
4. Mrs. Sudirman has go to London. She was here yesterday. Mrs. Sudirman ..was here
yesterday, has gone to London.
A. who.
B. whose.
C. whom.
D. which.
5. Teacher : Which boys is your brother? Bill : The boy .shirt is green is my brother.
A. who.
B. whose.
C. which.
D. where.
6.. This is the place..the Dutch imprisoned Pangeran Diponegoro.
A. on which.
B. where.
C. that.
D. which.
7.. Her mother often advises Leny to pay more attention to her studyshe never listen.
A. but.
B. although.
C. so.
D. despite.
8. My friend is an employee with a modest income..his 4 children are all universities student.
A. consequently.
B. in addition.
C. otherwise.
D. nevertheless.
9. I could not afford to buy that TV set until the price went down, means .
A. when the price went down, I bought the TV set.
B. I didnt buy the TV set because its price never went down.
C. I had already bought the TV set before the price went down.
D. The price of the TV set went down, however, I couldnt buy it.
10. The workers wont end the strike unless their wages are raised. Therefore .their wages.
A. the company doesnt raise .
B. the workers have got a raise .
C. the company has to raise .
D. the workers do not expect a raise in.
EXERCISE 35. Choose the correct answers.
1. The girl ..mother is ill staying at home today.
A. who.
B. what.
C. whom.
2. Tom was sick, .he didnt come to school.
A. because.
B. although.
C. but.
3. His wife likes the mountain, he does.

D. whose.
D. though
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54

A. or.
B. but.
C. yet.
D. so.
4. I cant speak to her..She is out.
A. so.
B. because.
C. although.
D. as.
5. She visits her parents ..she can.
A. when.
B. whenever.
C. although.
D. where.
6. I completely forget.
A. I am going to buy what.
B. what am I going to buy.
C. what I am going to buy.
D. to buy what Im going
7. .to see the show because it is very funny.
A. People want.
B. Peoples want.
C. People wanting.
D. People
8. All of us know that a cow is .than a goat.
a. as big.
B. biggest.
C. more big.
D. bigger.
9. Do you have any idea how many students.in the class.
A. are there.
B. there are.
C. there were.
D. `were there
10. He didnt pass the examination..his mother was upset.
A. because.
B. since.
C. or.
D. so
11. Why does she want to talk to him? Im not sure why ..to talk to him.
A. does she wants.
B. she wants.
C. she does.
D. is she want.
12. Is Diki coming to the party tonight? Yes, he asks me ..
A. he could go with us. B. he went with us.
C. whether he goes with us. D. can he go
13. . I left the house I remembered the key.
A. Though.
B. If.
C. As.
D. but
14. The teacher should prepare before teaching.his teaching will not successful.
A. them consequently. B. themselves otherwise. C. their nevertheless. D. they beside.
15. Her village is too far away; .., there is no car .us there.
A. then will take. B. moreover takes. C. in the mean time taking. D. beside to take.
16. My sister prepared her English lesson: .she wrote her German composition.
A. also.
B. hence.
C. meanwhile.
D. then.
Sdm 5/29/2005 12:30:19 AM

17. Sam will study medicine for six years; .he will be a doctor.
A. furthermore.
B. however.
C. else.
D. then
18. The committee allowed all members to postpone their tour;they could finish
their regular projects
A. in the meantime.B. as a result.
C. consequently. D. on the contrary
19. X : .. Y : President.
A. Did they make him President?
B. They made him President, didnt they?
C. What did you say they made him?
D. Who made him President?
20. It is too early to come to the party: it is still about forty five minutes to go.
A. in fact.
B. as a result.
C. consequently. D. in fact.
21. I wanted for my friends,.. I read the newspaper.
A. on the other hand.
B. in the meantime.
C. as a result.
D. furthermore.
22. .he was sick, he couldnt avoid the blow.
A. because.
B. although.
C. in spite of.
D. so.
23. Television is entertaining; .it is instructive.
A. otherwise.
B. according.
C. furthermore. D. in fact
24. Amirs house is to his school.
A. most near.
B. nearest.
C. more near.
D. next
25. The policeman ran after the thief as ..as he can.
A. most fast.
B. fastest.
C. fast.
D. faster.
26. My uncle , .you met in the hospital, had an accident.
A. whose.
B. for which.
C. whom.
D. which
27. Im not sure which .
A. book did he borrow.
B. did he borrow a book.
C. he borrowed a book.
D. book he borrowed
28. I dont know when he left town.why he wanted to do so.
A. but.
B. or.
C. as.
D. and.
29. The woman whom my friend pointed at was very tall. The question form is .
A. Did the woman whom my friend pint at was very tall ?
B. Was my friend whom the woman pointed at very tall?
C. Did my friend point at the woman whom was very tall?
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D. Was the woman whom my friend pointed at very tall ?

30. A : Where did Tedy go last Sunday ? B : I dont know
A. where he went.
B. went he where.
C. he where went.
D. he went where
31. This is the book .. I told you last week.
A. what.
B. where.
C. which.
D. whom
32. all the students were seated, the teacher started the lesson.
A. If.
B. When.
C. Until.
D. So that.
33. Father was so happy about his promotionHe promised to take us to an expensive restaurant
A. until.
B. went.
C. although.
D. that
34. You will have to call me early in the morning. . I will have left for work.
A. however.
B. otherwise.
C. furthermore. D. consequently
35. I was late because I caught the wrong bus. Means : I caught the wrong bus I was late.
A. although.
B. but.
C. so that.
D. since
36. Ton has to take apart time job during the vocation; he wont be able to pay his tuition fee.
A. nevertheless.
B. otherwise.
C. therefore.
D. beside.
37. My sister put their money in the bank .. I work.
A. whom.
B. which.
C. what.
D. where
38. The lady .this letter is addressed had moved to another city.
A. who.
B. to which.
C. to whom.
D. which
39. The victim of the flood .. we have collected money and clothes are now housed in
barracks outside the town.
A. which.
B. whose.
C. whom.
D. for whom
40. I have just been introduced to the lady .next door.
A. who live.
B. that live.
C. who have lived.
D. lived
Sdm 5/29/2005 12:32:55 AM

CAUSATIVE. ( Lanjutan)
EXERCISE 36. Choose the correct answers.
1. The curtain of my room needs washing. Well, go to the laundry and
A. Wash them.
B. They are washed.
C. it should wash them
D. have them washed.
E. make them wash.
2. I fixed the light in the bathroom yesterday, but it went out again today. Why dont you have
an electrician it ?
A. checking. B. checked.
C. to check.
D. check.
E. checks.
3. After I finish my article, I had it edited. This means that .
A. I had edited my article . B. my article would be edited. C. Somebody edited my article
D. I was asked to edit my article.
E. I had to edit my article myself.
4. Ive tried to fix my motorbike, but its still not running well. Why dont you have a mechanic
..it ?
A. check.
B. checking.
C. to check. D. in checking.
E. checked.
5. Seto broke his leg in an accident. Therefore ..drive him to work.
A. He doesnt have to ask Ali to.
B. he wont have to get anybody. C. Ali has asked Seto
to
D. Ali doesnt have to.
E. He will have Ali.
6. Im having trouble with my computer again. Ive done everything I can but it doesnt work
properly. Why dont you have Seto .it?
A. to fix.
B. fixing. C. he fixed.
D. fix.
E. fixed.
7. This English text on Biology is too difficult for me to read. Well, youd better
A. translate it.
B. have it translate.
C. have to translate it.
D. have translated it.
E. to translate it.
8. The school master had the students .their lessons before the exam.
A. to review. B. reviewing.
C. review. D. reviewed.
E. they review.
9. Do I have to go to the post office to get my package ? No, you can
A. have delivered it.
B. deliver it.
C. have it to be delivered
D. have to deliver it.
E. have it delivered.
10. Why doesnt the secretary have to work overtime ? Her boss .the letters.
55

56

A. has retyped.
B. has been retyping.
C. has her retype
D. has to retype.
E. wants to retype
11. I dont have time to do all my household work, so I always
A. help somebody.
B. have helped somebody. C. have to help somebody
D. have somebody help me.
E. to have me help somebody.
12. Ati has beautiful flowers in her garden, but they all seem to be dying. Im sure that she
A. seldom has them watered. B. has been watering them. C. never has to water them.
D. has always watered them. E. has asked somebody to water them.
13. Did you plan the program for our high school reunion yourself ? No, .
A. Ali had me do it.
B. I had Ali do it.
C. I had to do it for Ali.
D. I had Ali to do it.
E. I had Ali doing it.
14. Knowing that she has grown up, my niece has her old dresses lengthened. This means that...
A. my niece has lengthened her old dresses.
B. My niece has asked someone to lengthen her old dress.
C. My niece has to lengthen her old dresses herself.
D. My niece has been told to lengthen her old dresses.
E. My niece has been asked by someone to lengthen her old dresses.
15. Whats wrong with the computer, Nina ? Cant you do anything about it ? There appears to be
an error in the computer program. Ill have the matter dealt with immediately. This means that
Nina
A. is going to fix it immediately.
B. asked his boss to deal with it.
C. is going to deal with the program.
D. will ask someone to fix it for him.
18) ACTIVE PARTICIPLE.
A participle: sebuah kata yang ikut serta daripada sifat dasar suatu verba dan suatu adjective.
Ada dua macam participle :
1. Present participle.
2. Past participle.

Present Participle berakhiran ing , seperti walking, sleeping, speaking, reading, washing
Past Participle berakhiran pada : d, ed, l, n atau en seperti : found, landed, swept, flown,
risen
Participle dapat memainkan 2 fungsi yang berbeda :
a) Sebagai finite verb.(verb terbatas)
c) Melakukan pekerjaan suatu adjective memberi syarat beberapa noun.
Participle sebagai verba. Suatu participle biasa digunakan sebagai Finite verb, ketika kata
Bantu kata kerja ditambahkan pada subjectnya. Seperti :
* I am laughing.
* She is seeing. * He saw us learning our lessons.
Participle sebagai suatu adjective. Bila suatu participle digunakan sebagai suatu adjective,
dapat menyelenggarakan fungsi berikut :
a) untuk merubah / memberi sifat suatu noun.
Eg. * The crying girl is standing beside her mother
c) diubah / diberi sifat oleh suatu adverb.
Eg. * The tree was cut down in a nearly falling state.
d) sebagai sebuah noun.
Eg. * Let bygones be bygones.
Participle dengan objectnya. Suatu participle adalah suatu kombinasi verba dan adjective dan
dapat mempunyai suatu object seperti kt kerja transitive lainnya. Ada 3 jenis object yang dapat
digunakan dengan participle :
a) Having received the telegram, the director left the office immediately. (direct object)
b) The Labor Chairman was here delivering his member a speech. (indirect speech)
c) Having been taught English, he was a good writer. (retained object (o yg tertahan).
d) I saw him fighting a terrible fight (cognate object (o yg asalnya sama)
56

57

e) Having shot himself, he was taken to the hospital. (reflexive)

PAST PARTICIPLE
Past participle dapat digunakan pada cara berikut :
a..Transitive verb pada past participle mungkin tidak digunakan pada kalimat aktif, tetapi
mestinya di kalimat pasif. Sebagai contoh :
* The most trusted treasurer (bendaharawan) turned to be a deceiver (pnp)
* He is the leader elected by the members.
b.. Past participle verba infinitive mungkin juga ditempatkan setelah kata bendanya, tetapi
relative pronoun harus disisipkan dan past participle diubah menjadi finite verb. Seperti :
* The merchandise (br dadangan) of the smugglers (penyelundup), who have left the
country must be confiscated (disita, diambil alilh).
Pada contoh tsb, past participle verba infinitive to leave diletakan setelah nounnya the
smugglers dan relative pronoun disisipkan diantara mereka. Salah untuk menulis : The
merchandise(barang dagangan) of the smugglers (penyeundup), left the country must be
confiscated (disita, diambil alih).
PENJELASAN
Dalam contoh ini past participle daripada kata kerja Infinitive to leave ditempatkan setelah
kata bendanya smuggler dan relative pronoun disisipkan diantara mereka.
PENGGUNAAN PAST PARTICIPLE.
Kata kerja Past Participle kadang kadang digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan/tingkah
laku yang permanen, keadaan atau sifat/watak telah menyebabkan juga beberapa kata sifat
untuk memakai bentuk mereka dari noun / kata benda dengan menambahkan ed pada akhir
noun atau compound adjectives/ kata sifat majemuk, seperti :
- A well known man
= a man who has read much and read well.
- A well behaved salesman = a salesman whose habitual (yg dilakukan karena kebiasaan)
behaviour (tindak tanduk/kelakuan) is good.
- An out spoken chieftain = a chieftain (kepala suku) who habitually speaks out (berbicara
dg bebas) his mind.

PENGGUNAAN PARTICIPLE
Sebagaimana telah dijelaskan pada bagian terdahulu, bahwa participle disebut verbal
adjective yang sebagaimana suatu peraturan memberi sifat kata bendanya. Tetapi kadang
kadang ada arti lebih lanjut yang dinyatakan secara tidak langsung didalamnya yg dapat lebih
lengkap dinyatakan oleh perubahan frasa participle kedalam suatu klausa.
Arti yg dinyatakan secara tidak langsung adalah :
(1) Time.
(2) Cause or reason.
(3) Condition.
(4) Concession or contrast.
(1). Time.
a) Running along the busy street (=while he was running), he was caught by a policemen.
b) Having read the telegram (= after he was read the telegram), he left his office
immediately.
c) Learning his lessons(while he was learning his lesson), he was interrupted by his friends
(2) Cause or Reason.
a) Being successful in his efforts (=because he was successful in his efforts), he did a good
business.
b) The traveler having been shown (=because he was shown) the wrong road, lost his way.
(3) Condition.
Turning to the right (=if they turn to the right), they will find the Indonesian Chamber of
Commerece and Industry Building.
(4) Concession or Contrast.
* He being tired (=though he is tired), yet he can finish his work.
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EXERCISE 37. Choose the correct answers.

16.The work .computers requires well trained personal.
A. involved. B. involve. C. to be involved.
D. involves.
E. involving.
17. Slowly and carefully the police entered the dense forest .the robbers hiding place.
A. surround. B. which surround.
C. surrounding. D. is surrounding.
E. surrounds.
18. Having been defeated three times in a row, the boxer decided to give up fighting means..
A. Although he was defeated three times in a row, he decided to give up fighting.
B. He decided to give up fighting after he had been defeated three times in a row.
C. As he has decided to give up fighting, he was defeated three times in a row.
D. He decided to give up fighting so he was defeated three times in a row.
19. Trying hard to win the beauty contest, Nina neglected all her school assignments. The
underlined words mean : .to win the beauty contest.
A. if she tried.
B. although she tried.
C. before she tried.
D. since she tried.
E. after she tried.
20. at two prestigious universities. Nina has a hard time deciding which one is to choose.
A..Accepting. B. She was accepted. C. Accepted. D. To be accepted. E. She was accepting.
21 Having finished their exam .
A. the books must be returned to the library.
B. The library requires the books to be returned.
C. The library requires students return the books.
D. The students must return the books to the library.
22. When we came home last night, we saw a man .to get on our roof.
A. he tries.
B. tried. C. to be trying. D. to try. E. trying.
23. .., she was able to archive what she had dreamed of.
A. Carefully did she plan her future. B. She planned her future carefully.
C. Her future was planned with care. D. Her future was carefully planned.
E. Having planned her future carefully.
24. .. a few million Rupiahs, he went on a tour to Europe.
A. saved.
B. have saved.
C. He has saved. D. Having saved.
E. After he
saved.
25. The accident ..a bus and two cars took the lives of 4 people and injured numerous others
A. to involve. B. involving.
C. to be involved.
D. it involves. E. involved.
Sdm 5/29/2005 12:42:28 AM

26. Noticing I had dropped my purse,.

A. the bus conductor called after me. B. I was called after by the bus conductor.
C. it was the conductor who called after me. D. there was the bus conductor calling after me.
27. Painted at the beginning of the 19th century
A. the artists became world famous. B. the art critics considered it a classic.
C. the people couldnt understand abstract art. D. the museum purchased it for its collection
E. the painting was very delicious.
28. Having switched off the lights,
A. it was the door he locked. B. the door was locked.
C. this locked the door.
D. the door was locked behind him. E. he locked the door.
29. Constructed from 3000 to 1500 BC
A. the pyramids were monumental tombs of Egyptian pharaohs.
B. Many tourists came from all over the world to see the pyramids.
C. The Egyptian pharaohs were buried in the pyramids.
D. It was the monumental tombs of Egyptian pharaohs.
30. His car, .from the back, crashed into a very deep ravine.
A. hit.
B. to hit.
C. to be hit.D. hitting.
E. to hitting.
31. The rain all day and night will surely flood the area.
A. fall.
B. fallen.
C. fell.
D. to fall.
E. falling.
32. her mistake, the stewardess immediately apologized to the passengers.
A. Realized. B. In realizing. C. Realize. D. She realized. E. Realizing.
33. The problem of most developing countries is that the rapidly .population is not
supported by strong economy.
A. grows.
B. growing.
C. grow. D. grown.
E. to grow.
34. The young men ..by this institute are all university graduates.
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A. employ.

B. employed.

C. to employ. D. employing.

E. to be employed

19) CONCORD / AGREEMENT.( Lanjutan)

EXERCISE 38. Choose the correct answers.
35. She wanted the children to come to the dining room, so that can have dinner together.
A. she.
B. we.
C. you.
D. they.
E. all.
36. Farmers in this area lack means of transport to move their products to the market. .vital
role in the regions development has been neglected by the local government.
A. Their.
B. The markets.
C. The farmers. D. Its. E. The governments.
37. Due to the monetary crisis, the number of people without jobs at the moment.
A. increase. B. is increasing. C. increased.
D. was increasing. E. will increase.
38. One of the problem faced by foreign businessmen .the frequent changing of regulations
A. are.
B. is being.
C. be.
D. is.
E. to be.
39. Due to the current financial condition, our budget plan for 1998 / 1999 .
A. need to review.
B. needs to be reviewed.
C. needs review.
D. is needed to be reviewed.
E. it needs reviewing.
40. To face the globalization era in 2020, improvement in all sectors of the economy ..
A. Highly necessitated. B. is highly necessary. C. the necessity is very high.
D. are necessarily is very high.
E. are highly necessitated.
41. At the beginning of the semester, each of the students ..given a new time table.
At. he is.
B. they are. C. are.
D. is.
E. be.
42. The number of students graduating from university .over the past few years.
A. they have increased.
B. has increased.
C. to have increased.
D. it has increased.
E. have increased.
43. In the next poetry reading contest, each of the contestants expected to be more critical
and more accurate in pronunciation.
A. is.
B. are.
C. they are.
D. to be. E. being.
44. The number of illiterate people in our country .drastically.
A. to decrease.
B. decrease.
C. has decreased. D. they decrease. E. it decreases.
45. The increase in the sales of new cars expected to make the traffic jam worse.
A. is.
B. are.
C. be.
D. being. E. to be.
Sdm May 29, 2005

46. The shipment of logs because of the bad weather.

A. they have been postponed. B. being postponed. E. been postponed.
D. has been postponed.
E. to be postponed.
47. The number of people attending the concert ..not as had been expected.
A. was.
B. be.
C. being.
D. were. E. to be.
48. Mrs. Supis way of teaching & of dealing with the students .her the name of model teacher
A. to have earned. B. have been earning. C. have earned. D. have to earn. E. has earned.
49. Each of the participants received an invitation.
A. having.
B. have.
C. has.
D. be having.
E. to have.
50. I have forgotten my pen again. Well, you can use one of
A. me.
B. myself.
C. my.
D. I .
E. mine.
51. What has made the tourist resorts so unattractive? The poor maintenance of facilities.
A. it.
B. their.
C. its.
D. they.
E. theirs.
52. What makes you so sad with the current reform movement in Indonesia ? bad
effect on Indonesias economy.
A. It.
B. Peoples.
C. Its.
D. They. E. Theirs.
53. Nina and I missed the morning flight, and this madelate for our friends wedding.
A. his.
B. me.
C. them.
D. her.
E. us.
54. Different interpretations on the same event by various newspapers..readers confused & angry
A. to make. B. they make.
C. make.
D. it makes.
E. makes.
55. Producing fine paintings skill and creativity.
A. require.
B. they require. C. is required.
D. requires.E. its require.
56. It was miracle that neither the passengers nor the driver ..injured in the accident.
A. they were.
B. was.
C. to be. D. were. E. he was.
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20) INFINITIVE.
The Infinitive (to + verb) digunakan :
1) Menunjukkan maksud.
We tried to help them.
He worked hard in order to pass the examination.
2) Dengan ought.
You ought to help the injured (orang yg mendpt luka).
The children ought to go to bed now.
3) Dengan do, dare, dan need.
What would you do to make Nina attend the party?
He wouldnt dare to report it to the headmaster?
You need to stopwasting your time on video games.
4) Setelah kata due (seharusnya).
The plane is due to arrive in five minutes.
5) Untuk menyatakan suatu perintah atau kewajiban.
You are to clean up the class now.
We have to report to the police afterwards.
6) Dengan kata kerja seperti : remember, decide, promise, hope, agree, like, try.
I promise to write to you when I arrive in Australia.
Dont try to disturb the sleeping dog.
Seto decided to come after all (akhirnya)
7) Setelah kata sifat seperti : pleased, disappointed, anxious, careful, sorry, etc
We are sorry to keep everyone waiting.
Sani is very anxious to contact his long lost sister.
8) Infinitive tanpa to dikenal sebagai bare infinitive. Digunakan setelah modal seperti :
may, might, can, could, must, shall, should, must,will, would etc.
You may offer him your help.
You must listen carefully to what I tell you.
9) Bare infinitive juga digunakan setelah kata kerja seperti : see, hear, feel, etc.
I saw the thief leave the house.
Supiati heard us talk about her.
10) Bare infinitive juga digunakan setelah kata kata seperti : make dan let.
Maryam made us laugh at her joked.
Can you let us enter the park?
Sdm 10:08:06 PM

EXERCISE 39. Choose the correct answers.

57. What did Ali finally decide ? .his Masters degree in Australia.
A. He can take.
B. His taking.
C. Taking.
D. Be taking.
E. To take.
58. Why are you so late ? We had to stop on the way some gasoline.
A. to buy.
B. we bought. C. must buy.
D. we had to buy.E. buying.
59. What do the employees exactly want ?
A. To get better working conditions.
B. increasing workers motivation.
C. Greater responsibilities are given to them.
D. They get more training programs.
E. Whether the number of employees should be reduced.
60. The acids, salts, & vitamins that fruits furnish are very helpful ..a balanced and healthful diet
A. to keep.
B. kept.
C. keeping. D. they keep.
E. for keeping.
61. You seem to be waiting for something these days ? Thats true. Im waiting...for an interview
A. called.
B. to call. C. be called.
D. calling. E. to be called.
62. What is Setos decision concerning about his house ? .it before putting up for sale.
A. His renovating. B. For renovating. C. Be renovated. D. Renovated. E. to renovate.
63. What do you need my calculator for ? ..this problem.
A. in solving.
B. my solving. C. solved.
D. To solve.
E. I solve.
64. Do you think I can wear my new ring? I wouldnt advice you dont .jewelry in a
difficult time like this.
A. wear.
B. to wear. C. to be wearing. D. wearing.E. you wear.
65. Why do you have to stay at home tomorrow ? ..my little brother.
A. Takes care of. B. Taking care of.
C. To take care of.
D. For taking care of.
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66. The reason why I am here is you fill in the forms for the scholarship.
A. help.
B. to help.
C. helping.
D. Ill help.D. Im helping.
67. I usually take a walk early in the morning some fresh air.
A. getting.
B. get.
C. to get.
D. I get. E. be getting.
68. The crowd has been waiting outside the hotel for hours just .a glimpse of the famous singer
A. getting.
B. they get.
C. get.
D. for getting. E. be getting.
68. My parents advised my sister too much money on clothes.
A. do not spend. B. not to spend. C. to not spend. D. not spending. E. not spend.
69. The fact that he was put in prison for something that he had not done made his wife
A. cry.
B. to be crying.
C. cried. D. to cry. E. crying
21) WORD ORDER
Word order penempatan kata kata dalam membentuk kalimat menurut susunan yang baik.
Ada berapa tipe kalimat, diantaranya adalah :
1..POSITIVE STATEMENT.
SUBJECT
1. Nina
2. My brother
SUBJECT
1. They
2. He
SUBJECT
1. She
2. Bill Jones
SUBJECT
1. Mrs. Honey
2. The sun

VERB PHRASE
is washing.
has arrived.
VERB PHRASE
can see
bought
VERB PHRASE
is going to go
is
VERB PHRASE
Is
shone

OBJECT
something.
a red shirt.
COMPLEMENT
with you.
a clumsy boy.
ADVERB PHRASE
very beautiful.
brightly.

2..NEGATIVE STATEMENT.
E g. * This mango isnt sweet.

* Father hasnt come yet

3. QUESTION.
E g. * Where are you going?

* Will you come to the meeting tonight?

Sdm 5/29/2005 12:50:16 AM

4..IMPERATIVES.
E g. * Sit down!
5. EXCLAMATION.
E g. * What a beautiful scenery!

* Dont step here!

* How tired I am!

EXERCISE 40. Choose the correct answers.

70. Which of the following sentences is correct ?
A. Nina usually writes me on my birthday a long letter.
B. Usually Nina on my birthday writes me a long letter.
C. Nina usually writes me a long letter on my birthday.
71. The newly married couple live in ..
A. a very wooden beautiful house.
B. a house very beautiful wooden.
C. a very beautiful house wooden.
D. a wooden house very beautiful
F. a very beautiful wooden house.
72. She is trying to lose weight by drinking .beverages.
A. artificially sweetened.
B. artificially sweets.
C. sweetened by artificially sugar
D. artificially sweetening.
E. sweetened artificially.
73. It is believed that city of Ambon will take long time to rebuild.
A. the damage is tremendously.
B. it is the tremendously damaging.
C. the tremendously damage.
C. it is the tremendously damage.
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74. She is one of the ten dressed women in town. Really ?

A. Does she always dress herself so fashionably?
B. Does she dress herself so always fashionably?
C. Does she so fashionably always dress herself ?
75. The boys are members of the Karate club except Amin. This means .of the Karate club.
A. Beside Amin, these boys are members.
B. Aminn is the only one who isnt a member
C. all the boys are members.
D. only Amin is a special member.
76. Why is he so happy today ?
A. He has been give an increase just in salary. B. Hes just been given an increase in salary.
C. He has been just given an increase in salary. D. Hes been given just an increase in salary
22) PASSIVE VOICE. (Lanjutan)
EXERCISE 41. Choose the correct answers.
77. The progress of this class needs
A. to be evaluated. B. evaluated.
C. to evaluate.
D. in evaluating.
E.
be
evaluate
78. He has got enough experience .principal of our school.
A. promoted. B. to be promoted. C. being promoted. D. be promoted. E. hell promote
79. The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth. Forty percent of the
worlds oxygen there.
A. are being produced.
B. are produced.
D. is being produced.
D. is produced.
E. was produced.
80. Why doesnt the baby next door keep crying ? As usual, it .by the baby sister.
A. is neglecting. B. is neglected. C. is to be neglected. D. neglects. E. is to neglect.
81. How do you know that rupiahs became stronger ? It ..on TV.
A. has just been announced. B. has just to be announced. C. have just been announced.
D. had just been announced. E. had just announced.
82. Mr. Namridus looks very happy today. Dont you know he ..to General Manager ?
A. has promoted. B. to be promoted. C. being promoted. D. promote. E. has been
promoted
83. The President Director agreed that the performance of the company has not been good these
past few years. In fact, it organization ..now.
A. restructured.
B. is restructuring. C. to restructure.
D.
restructures.
E.
restructuring.
84. Komodo .to be descended from dinosaurs.
A. they believe.
B. to believe.
C. believed.
D. to be believed.E. are believed.
85. Do you know at that moment some amazing experiments by university research biologist?
A. carried out.
B. to carry out. C. are being carried out. D. be carried out. E. carried.
86. Why do the people panic ? their semi permanent houses .
A. demolished.
B. demolishing. C. demolishes. D. to demolish. E. are being demolished
Sdm 5/29/2005 12:52:09 AM

87. Can we get tickets for the second show of the Jurassic Park ? I think they .
A. are sold out.
B. are to be sold out. C. sold out. D. he sold out. E. are selling them out.
88. This is very popular TV program. Every week it .by millions of people.
A. watches. B. being watched.
C. is watched. D. has watched. E. to be watched.
89. When did the accident happen ? When the goods ..from the truck.
A. were unloading.
B. were being unloaded.
C. being unloaded.
D. they were unloading.
E. unloaded.
90. Have you delivered the packages to the customer ? Not yet, some .
A. are still being wrapped.
B. have been wrapped. C. will have been wrapped.
D. would be wrapped.
E. were wrapped.
91. Why dont you ask your sister to come along with us to the movie?
I did, but she.............stay at home
A. used to.
B. might.
C. can.
D. could. E. would rather.
92. I wonder where my reading glasses are. Have you seen them ?
A. should have.
B. should be have.
C. must be having. D. could have. E. ought to
have.
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93. Was John accepted at Astra ? He might have been; I havent seen him around for some time.
From the above sentence we may conclude that he
A. refuses to work for Astra. B. isnt working for Astra. C. is still unemployed.
D. was certainly accepted.
E. was probably accepted.
94. Does Anto know that Mirna had an accident yesterday ? I dont think so. We .as soon
as we knew it.
A. may have told him.
B. should have told him.
C. had to tell him.
D. must have told him.
E. had better tell him.
95. I couldnt find the museum you told me about. I ..the wrong bus.
A. must have taken.
B. should have taken.
C. should take.
D. would have taken.
E. ought to take.
96. I didnt know there was a test yesterday. You me about it.
A. would have told.
B. should tell.
C. might have told.
D. could tell.
E. should have told.
97. Im sorry I was not able to finish typing your paper. Well, it was my fault. I .you with
so much work.
A. might not have burdened. B. had not burdened.
C. should have not burdened.
D. would not burden.
E. could not have burdened.
98. Rita has just missed the plane to Medan. She.at the airport at least 2 hours before departure
A. was.
B. should be.
C. should have been. D. has to be.
E. must have been.
99. There was so much noise next door. Our neighbor from their vocation abroad.
A. may come back.
B. would have come back. C. is supposed to come back.
D. must have come back.
E. ought to have come back.
100..Harry couldnt pay his school fee because his father was unemployment. His rich uncle.
him with his school fee.
A. should have supported .
B. may support C. would rather support
D. will have supported.
E. might support
100. Adi has a very bad cold. I know, he .out until late last night.
A. couldnt have gone.
B. had better not. C. shouldnt have gone.
D. couldnt go.
E. would have gone.
102. There were plenty of tickets left for the concert. We .have bought them in advance
A. couldnt.
B. shouldnt.
C. might not.
D. must not.
E. would not.
103. The airliner should have accepted the application of Seto, an experienced pilot. This means
A. the airline hired Seto.
B. Seto refused to work for the airline.
C. the airline offered Seto job. D. the airline didnt receive Setos application.
D. Seto was rejected by the airline.
104.He .with his friend because his eyes are swollen and his nose is bleeding.
A. ought to have fought.
B. had to have fought.
C. should have fought.
D. must have fought.
E. would have fought.
105. They have lost all their possessions in the fire; they ..a hard time now.
A. may have had.
B. must be having.
C. ought to have.
D. used to have.
E. are to have.
106. They should have got out of their houses when the fire spreading to their neighbors house.
From the above sentence we may conclude that
A. they got trapped in the fire.
B. they succeeded in escaping from the fire.
C. they got out of their house on time.
D. the fire didnt reach the house.

23) G E R U N D
1. Gerund dibentuk dengan menambahkan ing
2. Gerund digunakan sebagai subject sebuah kalimat.
Walking is good exercise for the elderly (kaum tua)
Smoking is bad for health.
3. Gerund juga digunakan sebagai object sebuah verba atau preposisi.
We enjoyed eating at the foodstall.
The stranger thanked us for giving him a lift.
4) Gerund juga digunakan setelah verba seperti : need, dislike, keep, enjoy, stop, dislike.
Your shirt needs washing.
I dislike playing rugby
Mother enjoys cooking Malaysian food.
EXERCISE 42. Choose the best answers for the options below.
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107. .clothes can often be very time consuming.

A. They buy. B. To be buying. C. In buying. D. Man buys.
E. Buying.
108. Facing hard time, people with very low income are looking forward to .by the
well to do in getting the daily necessities.
A. support. B. supporting.
C. being supported. D. supported.
. be supported.
109. Have you considered ..to an apartment closer to your office ?
A. move.
B. to move. C. moved.
D. moving. E. to be moving.
110.I need to do some exercise to stay fit. Have you considered for one hour everyday ?
A. walking. B. you walk.
C. to walk.
D. to be walking. E. walk.
111.I am looking forward to a salary raise next month.
A. get.
B. be getting.
C. getting.
D. have got.
E. got.
112.Despite criticism from political opponents, the new president continues his abroad
to appeal to foreign countries to invest in Indonesia.
A. to travel. B. traveled. C. travelling.
D. be travelling. E. to be traveled.
113.In her letter my friend said that she was looking forward from me again.
A. to hearing.
B. to hear. C. hearing.
D. having heard. E. to being heard.
114.We always avoid to the zoo on Sundays because it is too crowded.
A. going.
B. go.
C. we go.
D. to go. E. to be going.
115.What are the horns of a buffalo used for ? Well, mostly for .handicrafts.
A. make.
B. to make. C. being made. D. they make. E. making.
116.We were astonished at .a good score for his TOEF in spite of his poor English.
A. could not. B. his being able to get. C. to be able to get. D. being able to get.
117.Where is Bill ? Oh, I completely forget ..
A. to invite. B. not inviting. C. invite.
D. not to invite. E. inviting.
118.Little children are usually afraid of ..by their mother.
A. left.
B. to leave. C. being left.
D. leaving. D. been left.
119..My friend Namridus is considering school before finishing it because of financial reasons
A. he leaves.
B. about leaving. C. he wants to leave. D. in leaving.
E. leaving.
119.What does this song remind you of ? .with my first date.
A. I dance. B. to dance.
C. Dancing.
D. To be dancing.
E. Dance,

24) SUBJUCTIVE. (Lanjutan)

120. She wishes she hadnt forgotten her promise. This means that .
A. she tried not to forget her promise.
B. she didnt forget her promise.
C. she forgot her promise.
D. she would forget her promise.
121. Did you get a compensation for your car ? No, I didnt , if only .
A. would insure it.
B. I have insured it.
C. I wouldnt insured it.
D. I had insured it.
E. I should insure it.
122. Tina, are you going to see the dentist this afternoon ? I wish I didnt have to. We may
conclude that ..to the dentist.
A. she doesnt have to go.
B. she needs to go.
C. she isnt going to this afternoon
D. she is willing to go.
E. she has gone.
123. You look tired. Why dont you take a rest ? I wish ..; I still have to finish this report.
A. I would be able. B. I can. C. I will be able. D. I could. E. I had been able.
Sdm 5/29/2005 12:57:31 AM

124. Is Evi still sick ? Yes, I wish she .here now to help me type the report.
A. is. B. will be. C. were. D. had been.
E. would be.
125. He orders people as if he were the owner of the restaurant. From the above statement we
may conclude that ..
A. he has worked hard to own the car.
B. he has been the owner of the restaurant.
C. he is very proud of his restaurant. D. he is just an ordinary employee.
25) CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (KALIMAT PENGANDAIAN) (Lanjutan)
126. If he prepares his lessons, he his examination.
A. passed.
B. would have passed.
C. would be passed.
D. would pass.
E. had passed.
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127. If I had known that you were in Bandung, I would have shown you some interesting places.
A. Thank you for showing me around Bandung.
B. Thank you, I will really enjoy that.
C. Im sorry, I didnt have time to write you before I left for Bandung.
D. Thats a good idea. I havent had time to go around Bandung.
128. Why didnt you buy those shoes ? You seemed to like them. I would have if they had been
cheaper. The answer means ..
A. I didnt buy the shoes.
B. I was not against the price.
C. The shoes were too expensive.
D. I looked for a more expensive pair.
129. If our school had been able to get enough sponsors for our marching band, we would have
participated in the festival in August. We may conclude that
A.
the donated funds were insufficient.
B. there were many donors.
C. we were not able to go.
D. we succeeded in getting a trophy.
130. Do you know that Tanto had withdrawn his money from the bank just before it was
liquidated? Oh, yes, otherwise he a great deal.
A. lost.
B. would lose. C. has lost. D. had lost.
E. would have lost.
131. If he had taken the computer course, it would have been easier for him to et a good job.
This means that ..
A. it wasnt easy to find a job although he had taken a computer course.
B. He had taken a computer course, so it wasnt easy to find a good job.
C. Even though he had taken a computer course, it wasnt easy to find a good job.
D. He hadnt taken a computer course, so it wasnt easy to find a good job.
132. If they had known the flood was coming, they wouldnt have stayed in their house means

A. they knew that the flood was coming, therefore they stayed in their house.
B. They decided to stay in their house although the flood was coming.
C. They couldnt stay in their house because they knew that the flood was coming.
D. They didnt know that the flood was coming, therefore, they stayed in their house.
133. Had the company not raised Alis salary, he would have looked for another job. We may
conclude that Ali .
A. doesnt like his job. B. didnt leave his present job.
C. is still looking for another job.
D. found a better paying job.
E. couldnt find a good job.

26) ELLITICAL SENTENCE ( KALIMAT TERINKASKAN) (Lanjutan

134. I havent heard anything from Leni. .
A. So have I .
B. I havent also.
C. Either have I .
D. Neither have I .
E. Me, neither.
135. I think this room is very cozy. .
A. So it is. B. So it was.
C. So it will be.D. So was it.
E. So is it.
136. I think my mother will be interested in reading this novel, but .
A. so will my father.
B. my father wont.
C. so does my father.
D. my father isnt.
E. my father will be.
137. Supi became the focus of attention when she wore a colorful dress & at my birthday
party
A. her behavior is foolish.
B. was a tool.
C. behaved foolishly.
D. her foolishness.
E. her foolish behavior.
138. Ridwan believes that advertisements on TV are the most effective.
A. As I do. B. The same I do.
C. So do I. D. I do also.
E. So I do.
Sdm 5/29/2005 1:00:33 AM

139. The great number of unskilled labor and .has made it difficult for the companys
products to compete with those of other companies.
A. there no experienced manager.
B. nor are there experienced managers.
C. inexperienced managers.
D. neither are the managers experienced.
140. The way professor Supi teaches English not only keeps the students interest .
A. and also increases their motivation.
B. but also increasing their motivation.
C. and he also increases their motivation. D. but also increases their motivation.
141. The successful athletes got medals and money, means : They got ..medals but also money
A. not only. B. as well as.
C. instead of.
D. not more.
E. not even.
142. I dont like the food, its too salty.
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A. I dont.

B. me neither.

C. I dont either.D. Neither I do. E. I dont also

27) DERIVATIVE ( KATA JADIAN)

Perubahan arti kata dalam bahasa Inggris karena perubahan bentuk yakni diberi awalan atau
akhiran. Dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal kata berimbuhan (affix) yaitu kata yang membuat
mopheme terikat imbuhan awalan (preffix) atau imbuhan akhiran (suffix)
PREFIXES (awalan umum)
Aero
Be
Demi
Hecto
Air
By
En
Hydro
Anglo
Co
Em
Il
Ante
Contra
Ex
Im
Anti
De
Fore
In
Arch
Deci
Grand
Ir

Able
ible
Ably
ibly
Ant
(ent)
Ary
(ory)

Kilo
Mini
mid
mis
multi
non

SUFFIXES (akhiran akhiran umum)

/ Age Ance/ence Ant (e) ry
Al
Dom
(ent) ese
/ A
Worthy
Ary ess
(n)
er (or)
(ory) (e)st
En

Out
Over
Pan
Polly
Post
Pre

Full
Hood
Ian
Ic(al)
Wise

Ify
Ing
Ish
Ism
(e)r

Pro
Pscedo
Radio
Re
Dis
Step

Ist
-itis
ize
less
ion

Sub
Super
Tele
Trans
Tri
Ultra

Like
Logist
Logy
Ly
Ity

Un
Under
Vice
Well
Self
Semi
Milli

Ment
Most
Ness
(i)ous
ety

Ship
Some
Tion
Tude
Ty

143. The hall has been ..decorated for the opening ceremony.
A. beautiful. B. beauty. C. beautifully.
D. beautify.E. beautified.
144. Sailing is an ..I enjoy very much.
A. activist. B. activity. C. activation.
D. activate. E. actively.
145. The companys new product was .advertised on TV.
A. adverticed.
B. are adverticed.C. adverticement.D. advertice. E. advertised.
146. My uncle .advised me to take English lessons.
A. strength. B. strong. C. strengthening. D. strongly.E. strengthened.
147. If you use a word processor, you can easily .another paragraph to your composition.
A. add.
B. added. C. additive.
D. additives.
E. additional.

28) DEPENDENT CLAUSE (ANAK KALIMAT) (Lanjutan)

148. What is pediatrician ? Oh, its a doctor..specialization is treating children.
A. whom.
B. which. C. who.
D. that.
E. whose.
149. The lady .this letter is addressed had move to another city.
A. who.
B. to which.
C. to whom.
D. whom.
E. which.
150. What is the most worrying effect of the economic crisis ? ..children are deprived
of nutritious food necessary for their physical and intellectual development.
A. Why.
B. That.
C. What.
D. Which.
E. When.
151. All the members of the Parliament applauded .the president was walking to his seat.
A. so that.
B. although.
C. even if.
D. as soon as.
E. while.
Sdm 5/29/2005 1:01:32 AM

152. three people have died of cholera, the old people of the village refused to get
an injection against it.
A. Although. B. However.
C. In spite of.
D. Since. E. Despite.
153. Hows the new restaurant ? The food is good but ..
A. atmosphere of the restaurant is very easy.
B. it can be easily reached.
C. the service needs to be improved.
D. it is cheaper than any other restaurant.
154. The hotel provides good facilities, yet
A. the occupancy rate is very low.
B. foreign tourists like to stay there.
C. it is located on a beautiful beach.
D. on the job training is provided for the
E. it is advertised in the yellow pages.
employees.
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155. The experienced treatment had been well researched ; however ..

A. it cursed the patient effectively.
B. it could comfort the patient.
C. it wasnt very effective.
D. it made the patient feel well.
156. Did I tell you about the girl I met during the student demonstration last week ?
A. who.
B. whose. C. whom. D. of which.
E. with whom.
157. The book on this shelf,.are about child education, belong to my sister in law.
A. which of most. B. most of which. C. in which.
D. of which. E. that of which.
158. Whom did you invite to this meeting ? The managers ..reports you read this morning.
A. whom.
B. of whom.
C. which. D. whose. E. of which.
159. Have you ever heard of this village ? Of course, it is the village
A. where I was born.
B. I was born there.
C. when I was born.
D. I was born.
E. which I was born.
160. Sydney, .is more than three and a half million, is Australias largest city.
A. whom the population.
B. that the population. C. whether the population
D. the population of it.
E. of which the population.
161. Who won the Ford Foundation Scholarship ? The high school student the City Council
had chosen as the best student.
A. he who. B. whose. C. whom .
D. which.
E. of which.
162. My sister put their money in the bank . I work.
A. whom.
B. which. C. what. D. who.
E. where.
163. I visited the university of California last year. Thats the place my brother is studying
now.
A. which.
B. when. C. whose. D. whom. E. where.
164. Yanto was a young writer novel won the first prize in the national competition.
A. when.
B. which. C. whom. D. who.
E. whose.
165. Teenager delinquency, ..people are now complaining, has become a popular topic
discussed among psychologists.
A. whom that.
B. in which.
C. whom. D. about which. E. which.
166. The students are collecting money, food and clothes for the people ..houses were
destroyed in the fire last week.
A. who.
B. whom. C. whose. D. that.
E. which.
167. What did Bill Jones say to you ? .he would join us at the restaurant after this
meeting.
A. When.
B. Whether.
C. Why. D. Where. E. That.
168. is a beautiful island rich in culture has been confirmed by tourists from around the world
A. Bali.
B. Whether Bali. C. If Bali. D. That Bali.
E. How Bali.
169. Have you already been told.?
A. if the jazz festival takes places. B. when the jazz festival takes place.
C. whether the jazz festival takes place. D. why does the jazz festival take place.
170. What do the reporters usually ask the authorities nowadays ? Indonesia will soon
be able to overcome the economic problems very soon.
A. Whether. B. In case. C. Where. D. Why. E. That.
171. .is a long holiday after passing your exam .
A. You need. B. Why you needed. C. Its needed.
D. What you need. E. Whether.
172. What does the announcement say ? ..get their money back.
A. Depositors of the liquidated bank.
B. Will the depositors of the liquidated bank.
E. About depositors of the liquidated bank. D. that the depositors of the liquidated bank will
173. Do you know when Ali will be leaving for Australia ? Oh, he told me..his plan has
been cancelled.
A. why.
B. how.
C. when. D. that.
E. whether.
174. Doctors agreepatients should try to reduce taking medicine for slight headache.
A. whether. B. which.
C. that.
D. how.
E. what.
Sdm 5/29/2005 1:03 AM

175. Since the tourist had a map, he knew..

A. where was the bus terminal.
C. whether the bus terminal was there.
C. where the bus terminal was.
D. the bus terminal was where.
176. I hear your son is going hiking again. Oh, yes; I dont understand .so much.
A. why he likes it. B. he likes it.
C. that he likes it.D. why does he like it.
177. Vera has been recently promoted to a top position in her company, although ..
A. she has a masters degree in business. B. she is relatively new in the company.
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C. she has proved herself to be a good manager. D. she has many years of experience.
178. People like to live in a peaceful world; nevertheless, ..
A. every conflict and disagreement should be avoided.
B. they try very hard to live in harmony.
C. Coordination and cooperation are being conducted.
D. They come together to solve global problems.
E. There are still wars among many nations.
179. The tourist bus came to our school thirty minutes late.we had repeatedly told to the
driver to be on time.
A. even though. B. so that. C. because. D. provided that. E. in order that.
180. My uncle doesnt earn much ; .., he can send his children to college.
A. however. B. and.
C. therefore.
D. so.
E. hence.

29) T E N S E S ( MASA DARI BENTUK KATA KERJA) (Lanjutan)

181. When did the guest come yesterday ? When she .cooking.
A. had just finished.
B. is finishing.
C. was finishing. D. has finished. E.
finishes.
182. We allowed the children to watch their favorite TV program yesterday, only after they
.doing their school assignments.
A. were finishing.
B. have finished.
C. finish.
D. would finish.
E. had finished.
183. So you have finished typing those letters! When did you do it ? When you ..the
meeting.
A. were attending. B. attend. C. have attended. D. attended.
E. had attended.
184. I wonder Seto is absent. He might be sick. He isnt. I saw him when I ..for the bus.
A. Wait.
B. was waiting. C. had waited. D. is waiting.
E. have waited.
185. Several hotel in this region are closing down. Thats because tourism itself since last
year.
A. is declining.
B. declined.
C. has been declining.
D. was declining.
E. has declined.
186. Where is Tanti ? I dont know. In fact I .any of our friends since I arrived.
A. didnt see.
B. wasnt seeing.
C. havent seen.
D. dont see.
E. had not seen.
187. The anthropologist has been studying that tribe for the last five years.
A. has finished . B. studied. C. was studying. D. had studied. .E. is still studying.
188. Where is my dictionary ? It was on my desk. Perhaps somebody it.
A. takes.
B. has taken.
C. is taking.
D. had taken.
E. would take
189. Since when hasnt she been feeling well ? Since she .from Singapore.
A. returned. B. has returned. C. was returning. D. had returned.
190. When are you going to tell your sister the good news ? When she .from her business
trip
A. will be returning.
B. is going to return.
C. returns.
D. was returning.
E. had returned
191. Dont you think the bus driver is speeding ? Yes, Im afraid he the lives of the passengers
A. endangered. B. will endanger. C. would have endangered. D. endangers.
192. Could you please book me on the next flight to Mexico city ? Im sorry, Sir. Our airline
to. .Mexico city.
A. will not fly.
B. hasnt been flying. C. didnt fly.
D. wasnt able to fly. E.
doesnt fly.
193. Seto started learning to play chess when he was only five years old and won his first
national chess competition when he was ten.
A. had learned.
B. was learning.
C. will have learned.
D. would learn.
E. has learned
194. You look so unhappy, Ali. Whats the matter ? My father .his jobs.
A. has just lost.
B. has been losing.
C. was losing. D. is losing.
E. loses.
195. When did you take the academy writing course ? Last year, after I ...Composition it.
A. completing.
B. complete.
C. to complete.
D. have completed.
E. had completed.

196. The book that I in the classroom was found by Ali.

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A. had left. B. was leaving. C. had been leaving. D. have left. E. would have left.
197. Anwar was promoted president of your company last week, wasnt he ? Im glad, he was,
he ..in this company for years.
A. had worked.
B. has been working. C. was working. D. would work. E. worked.
198. She .the shoes for five minutes when one of the heels came off.
A. am wearing. B. was only wearing. C. had only been wearing. D. have been wearing.
199. What are you looking for ? My wallet. I dont know where I .it.
A. have been putting. B. am putting. C. had put. D. was putting. E. have put.
200. Did you get seats at the show last night ? Not really, we came when the show .
A. to start already. B. was already starting.
C. had already started. D. already started.
201. When did you realize you had lost your purse ? When I ..money to pay the bus fare.
A. was needing. B. need. C. needed. D. have needed. E. had needed.
202. Could you tell your brother to meet me at the library tomorrow ? Sure, I him.
A. am telling.
B. will tell. C. be telling.
D. will be telling.E. would have told.
203. I can lend you the book by the time I . Reading it.
A..will be finishing.
B. have finished.
C. am finishing.
D. will have finished.
E. would finish
30) SENTENCE CONNECTORS. (PENGHUBUNG KALIMAT)
1. Connectors adalah kata kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata kata atau kalimat
yang mengikuti susunan yang logis atau urutan peristiwa atau tindakan.
2. Connectors yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata kata atau kalimat yang mengikuti
susunan yang logis disebut logical connectors.
3. Logical connectors termasuk kata kata berikut :
Logical Connectors
Therefore
As a result
Consequently
Besides

Examples of Usage
Seto enjoys painting.
Therefore he has decided to become an artist.
The boy cheated in the examination.
As a result, he was disqualified.
Ali was always late for work.
Consequently, he was sacked.
Besides having good ventilation, the house has a quiet
surrounding.

4. Connectors digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata kata atau kalimat yang mengikuti suatu
urutan peristiwa disebut sequence connectors.
5. Sequence connector termasuk kata kata berikut :
Sequence
First
Then
After
Later
Finally

Connectors
Next
Before
Until
Afterwards
After that

Examples of Usage
* First get the application form.
Then fill in youre your particulars
* Ali swept the floor. Later he washed his clothes.
* Close all the windows before you go to sleep.
* Nina tried again and again. Finally, she succeeded.

204. My brother moved the lawn. .he watered.

A. Firstly.
B. Then.
C. Consequently. D. There.
205. The police searched the room. ..,they found the stolen jewelry. They, then arrested the
Culprit.
A. Therefore.
B. Finally.
C. Next.
D. Secondly.
206. You can come to my house first. .we can proceed to Amats house.
A. Later.
B. Secondly.
C. As a result.
D. Consequently.
207. Susi scolded the hawker. .she apologized to him.
A. Finally.
B. Next.
C. There.
D. Later.
208. Let me complete my homework first. we can go out.
A. Then.
B. Next.
C. Finally.
D. Therefore.
209. Swimming is prohibited here. , fishing is allowed.
A. Besides.
B. However.
C. As a result.
D. Finally.

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210. The salesman talked to Nina for two hours.,Nina agreed to buy the water filter in
installment.
A. Secondly.
B. Finally.
C. Next.
D. Later.
211.Mr Namridus left his watch on the table. ..he found it missing. He couldnt find it
though he searched for it everywhere.
A. Next.
B. Then.
C. Later.
D. Finally.
212. Mother went to three different shops...she found the right blender. She went home
tired but satisfied.
A. therefore.
B. next.
C. until.
D. as a result.
(28) REQUESTS, IMPERATIVES, COMMANDS AND RESPONSES.
REQUEST.
1. Bila melakukan permintaan yang sopan, kita menggunakan kata kata seperti :
Please, Would, Could & Do you mind.
E g. * Would you help me, please?
* Could you post this letter for me?
* Please listen carefully.
* Do you mind passing me the newspaper?
2. Perhatikan bhw verba yg mengikuti Do you mind adalah dlm bentuk continuous (bentuk
ing) & verba yang mengikuti Would / Could adalah dalam bentuk present tense.
IMPERATIVES AND COMMANDS
1. Kita menggunakan suatu imperative untuk memulai suatu perintah.
E g. * Keep quiet.
* Close the door.
* Listen carefully.
2. Perhatikan bahwa suatu imperative mulai segera dg sebuah verba.
E g. * Walk in single line.
* Clean the classroom now. * Get out of my room.
3. Suatu perintah diberikan dalam suatu cara/gaya yang tegas berakhir dg suatu tanda seru (!)
E g. * Keep quiet now!
* Stop makin noise!
* Go away!
4. Bila suatu perintah adalah suatu larangan, kita memulai kalimat dengan : Dont or Do not.
E g. * Dont make noise here! * Dont burn rubbish in the garden! * Dont litter here!
RESPONSES.
Jawaban pada suatu permohonan atau undangan boleh dalam bentuk positif atau negatif.
E g. * Would you like to join us? (request) Yes, Id love to. (positive)).
No, Im afraid I cant. (negative)
* Would you like to go for a swim? Yes, Id like to very much. (positive)
Im afraid I cant go.
* Would you mind lending me a dollar? I dont mind. (positive)
Im afraid I cant. (negative)
213. ..cleaning the classroom now ?
A. Would you.
B. Could you.
C. Do you mind.
214. .hurry up. Its already dark.
` A. Do you mind.
B. Please.
C. Would you.
215. .like a cold drink ?
A. Please.
B. Do you mind. C. Could you.
216. explaining it to me again ?
A. Do you mind.
B. Please.
C. Could you.
217. ..put back all the chairs in the hall.
A. Do you mind.
B. Please.
C. Could you.
Typed by Sudirman SPd

June 29, 2003

D. Please.
D. Could you.
D. Would you.
D. Would you.
D. Would you.

9:54:41 PM

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31) ADJECTIVES, ADJECTIVAL PHRASES AND ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES.

ADJECTIVES.
1. Adjectives (kata sifat) adalah kata kata yang menggambarkan nouns (kata benda).
Mereka biasanya digunakan didepan nouns.
2. Descriptive adjectives menceriterkan kita tentang kwalitas seseorang atau benda.
Eg. * Zaleha is a pretty girl. * That is a big house.
* She is a kind mother.
3. Quantitave adjectives menceriterakan kita ttg bilangan atau jumlah barang / benda.
Eg. * Sally has two pens.
* The club has many members.
* Id like to have some water.
4. Demonstrative adjectives menunjukkan / menjelaskan nouns.
Eg. * This plate is not clean. * That car belongs to my uncle.
* Those boys are not from our school.
5. Interrogative adjectives digunakan untuk menanyakan pertanyaan.
Eg. * Which bicycle is yours? * What book do you like to read?
* Whose dog was killed in an accident?
6. Possessive adjectives digunakan untuk menunjukan kepemilikan.
Eg. * The cat is looking for its owner.
* That is our house.
* Where is your
uncle?
7. Distributive adjectives menunjukkan bahwa orang atau benda dihitung secara kolektif.
Eg. * Each pupil has to pay one ringgit. * My father goes for a walk every morning.
8. Adjectives juga digunakan setelah verba (kata kerja).
Eg. * The weather is cold today.
* The boy looks pale.
* After working for nineteen years in East Timor, Mr. Sudirman became rich.
9. Adjectives dpt dibentuk dari kata kerja atau kata benda. Pelajari contoh contoh berikut
Verbs
Adj ect Ives
Nouns
Adjec tIves
Enjoy
Enjoyable
Beauty
Beautiful
Boast
Boastful
Hunger
Hungry
Help
Helpful
Oil
Oily
Study
Studious
Boy
Boyish
Play
Playful
Pain
Painful
Forget
Forgetful
Tear
Tearful
Choose
Choosy
Care
Careful
Hurt
Hurtful
Fright
Frightful
Pay
Payable
Advice
Advisable
Notice
Noticeable
Interest
Interesting.
ADJECTIVAL PHRASES
1. A phrase / frasa adalah sekumpulan kata kata tanpa suatu kata kerja (verba)
2. Suatu adjectival phrase digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu noun. Digunakan
dibelakang noun.
3. Digunakan untuk menggambarkan subject suatu kalimat.
Eg. * The man in uniform is Peters father.
2. The man with a loud voice is my uncle.
4. Suatu adjectival phrases juga digunakan untuk menggambarkan object sebuah kalimat.
Eg. * I took the knife with a wooden handle.
* Janet booked a house with a swimming pool
* Peter saw a man with a broken nose.
ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES.
1. Suatu clause / klausa adalah sekumpulan kata kata yang mempunyai sebuah verba.
2. Suatu adjective clause digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu noun. Digunakan
dibelakang kata benda (noun)

1. Do you know the

2. That is the

Noun
Office
car

Adjectival Clause
Where Azman works?
Which I sold last week?

Sdm 5/29/2005 1:21:59 AM

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3. Adjectival clause biasanya diperkenalkan dengan relative pronouns seperti who, whom,
whose, which, that.
Eg. * This is the man whom we saw yesterday.
* The camera, which I bought yesterday, has been stolen.
* The burglar, who broke into Mats house, was arrested.
EXERCISE 43. Join each pair of the following sentences by using an adjectival phrase.
Eg. * Ahmad bought a house. A house has a swimming pool.
Ahmad bought a house with a swimming pool.
1. The boy waved to us. He was in a scouts uniform.
The boy in a scouts uniform waved to us.
2. The shop belong to Mat. It is beside the market.
The shop beside the market belongs to Mat.
3. The girl visits the library everyday. She carries a red umbrella.
The girl with a red umbrella visits the library everyday.
4. The lady is my sister. She wears a white dress.
The lady in a white dress is my sister.
5. We befriended the girl. She has a pleasant smile.
We befriended (menolong, berlaku spt sahabat) the girl with a pleasant smile.
6. Mother has bought a dress. It is made of silk.
Mother bought a dress made of silk.
7. The policeman pointed to a house. It has an awning.(tenda rumah, kere)
The policeman pointed to the house with an awning.
8. The patient cried in pain. She had a broken leg.
The patient with a broken leg cried in pain.
9. The man has a moustache (kumis). He is my uncle.
The man with a moustache is my uncle.
10. Jane showed us a picture. It has a black frame
Jane showed us a picture with a black frame.
EXERCISE 44. Join each pair of sentences by using an adjectival clause.
Eg. * That is the racket. Father bought it for me.
That is the racket that father bought for me.
1. I met a policeman. He wanted to enquire (menyelidiki) about the school.
I met a policeman who wanted to enquire about the school.
2. The hockey stick is broken. Din used it yesterday.
The hockey stick which Din used yesterday is broken.
3. That is the boy. His mother passed away recently.
Thats the boy whose mother passed away recently.
4. Can you introduce the girl? She was talking to you a while ago.
Can you introduce the girl who was talking to you a while ago?
5. The man has met with an accident. He usually delivers newspapers to us.
The man who usually delivers newspapers to us has met with an accident.
6. James is my neighbor. He is a good singer.
James, who is my neighbor, is a good singer.
7. John lives in Klaten. He works in a private firm.
John, who lives in Klaten, works in a private work.
8. They are repairing the house. It was damaged by a storm.
They are repairing the house which was damaged by a storm.
9. The road is very winding. It leads to Tawangmangu.
The road which leads to Tawangmangu is very winding.
10. Mariams brother is a doctor. We saw him at the clinic.
Mariams brother whom we saw at the clinic is a doctor.
11. The couple has gone to overseas. They got married recently.
The couple who got married recently has gone to overseas.

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12. The bicycle has a flat tire. It belongs to Zul.

The bicycle which belongs to Zul has a flat tire.
13. We caught a burglar. He broke into Toms house.
We caught the burglar who broke into Toms house.
14. I have cut down the tree. I planted it ten years ago.
I have cut down the tree which I planted ten years ago.
15. My brother visits me often. He is an engineer.
My brother who is an engineer visits me often.
16. Did you notice the boy? He has a swollen (bengkak, gembung) face.
Did you notice the boy who had a swollen face?
17. Ill tell you a story. It has a happy ending.
Ill tell you a story which has a happy ending.
18. Bill is a good cook. He works in the Tasty Restaurant.
Bill, who works in the Tasty Restaurant is a good cook.
19. They bought a bungalow. It is situated by the seaside.
They bought a bungalow which is situated by the seaside.
20. I lost my camera. It was given to me by my uncle.
I lost the camera which was given to me by my uncle.
32) NOUNS, NOUN PHRASES AND NOUN CLAUSES.
NOUNS.
1. Suatu kata benda (noun) adalah sebuah kata yang digunakan sebagai nama seseorang,
tempat atau benda.
2. Suatu common noun adalah suatu nama yang diberikan bersama pada orang atau
benda yang sama kelompok atau jenisnya.
Eg. Boy. Boat. Country. Fish. Ball. Apple.
Car. Town.
Mosque.
Church.
3. Suatu proper noun (Kb nama diri) adalah nama khususnya orang atau benda. Kata
benda tsb selalu mulai dengan sebuah huruf besar didepan.
Eg. James.
Indonesia.
Queen Elisabeth. Merdeka Stadium. Jakarta.
Hilton Hotel.
Shakespeare.
Sultan Hamengkubuwono. Sudirman Road.
4. Suatu collective noun adalah nama sejumlah orang, binatang atau benda dipakai
bersama sebagai suatu keseluruhan.
Eg. Fleet (armada, konvoi, tangkas, cepat).
Swarm (kawan, sekawanan, mengerumuni, berkerumun)
Choir (paduan suara).
Flock (kawan, jemaah, berkumpul)
Team (regu, rombongan, sepasangan, to team up =bekerja sama)
Class (golongan, pelajaran, kelas, menggolongkan)
Crowd (orang banyak/ramai, banyak penonton, berdesak desakan)
Committe (panitia, komite, komisi)
Group (grup, kelompok, golongan, menggolongkan, berkumpul, mengelompok)
Herd (kumpulan, kawanan, mengumpulkan, menggembalakan)
5. Suatu abstract noun adalah nama suatu kwalitas, perbuatan atau keadaan.
Eg. Beauty. Goodness. Darkness Wisdom. Laughter. Kindness. Childhood.
Health.
Hardship (kesukaran, kesulitan). Theft (pencurian, kemalingan).
6. Suatu noun dapat dibentuk dari sebuah verba atau adjective (kata sifat).
Verbs
Act.
Apply
Assist.
Attract
Begin
Believe
Choose
Know
Laugh

Nouns
Action
Application
Assistance
Attraction
Beginning
Belief
Choice
Knowledge
Laughter

Adjectives
Brave
Able
Accurate
Lazy
Long
Great
Kind
Beautiful
Strong

Nouns
Bravery
Ability
Accuracy
Laziness
Length
Greatness
Kindness
Beauty
Strength
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Judge

Judgment

Fee

Freedom

NOUN PHRASES
1. Suatu noun phrase (frasa noun) digunakan sebagai object sebuah verba. Frasa noun tsb
menjawab pertanyaan What?
Eg. * Jimmy is learning (What?) Jimmy is learning to drive a car.
2. Suatu noun phrase of manner (frasa noun sikap/gaya/cara/tatakrama) dapat diperkenalkan
dengan kata How. Hal tsb menggambarkan bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan.
Eg. * We should learn how to use the computer. * Tell us how to solve the puzzle.
* Please show us how to dance.
3. Suatu noun phrase of time (frasa noun keterangan waktu) dapat diperkenalkan dengan
kata When. Hal tsb menceriterakan tentang waktu.
Eg. * Tell him when to call Fatimah?
* Remind John when to come.
* Two workers know when to stop work.
4. Suatu noun phrase of place (suatu frasa noun keterangan tempat) dapat diperkenalkan
dengan kata where. Hal tsb menceriterakan tentang tempat.
Eg. * Tell her where to keep the camera.
* Show the visitors where to wait.
Does he know where to park the car?
NOUN CLAUSES
1. Suatu noun clause dapat digunakan sebagai suatu object sebuah verba.
Eg. * Simon told us that he would be coming.
* The teacher said that he would give us a test.
* Maya reminded Susan that the match would start soon.
2. Suatu noun clause dapat digunakan sebagai complement (pelengkap) verba to be.
Eg. * I seems that Andi is not coming.
* This is what he told me.
* The truth is Ann is not interested in her studies.
3. Suatu noun clause dapat digunakan sebagai subject sebuah verba.
Eg. * What he does is not our business.
* Why Seroja was absent no one knows.

Where Siti has gone is indeed a mystery.

4. Suatu noun clause dapat digunakan sebagai object sebuah preposisi.
Eg. * Zaleha is proud of what she has done. * We will soon find out why we failed.
* The police wanted to find out why the accident occurred.
5. Suatu noun clause dapat digunakan dalam keterangan tambahan pada sebuah noun.
Eg. * The report that Martha was kidnapped is not true.
* The news that Susan has married is true.
EXERCISE 45. Underline the noun phrases in the following sentences.
Eg. * Esther knows how to swim. Esther knows how to swim.
1. Yuli wants to know how to operate the machine.
2. You must tell us where to meet you.
3. Do you know when to pay the fees?
4. Show the guests where to sit.
5. Teach the boy how to fly the kite.
6. Remind Ali when to come.
7. Show the children how to do the trick.
8. The stranger asked us where he can find lodging.
9. Azman taught us how to play chess.
10. Please tell the pupils to stop making noise.
EXERCISE 46. Underline the noun clauses in the following sentences.
Eg. * Michael was proud of what he had done. Michael was proud of what he had done.
1. The teacher wants to know how we fared.
2. Show the guests where they should sit.
3. The lady informed the police that she was robbed.
4. Where Rita has gone no one knows.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Bill has forgotten that he had to attend a meeting.

The police wanted to find out why the building collapsed.
The doctor showed us what we could do in an emergency.
We wondered how the magician performed the tricks.
The news that Anne has gone to London is not true.

EXERCISE 47. Complete each of the following statements by providing a noun clause.
Eg. * I have not decided . I have not decided what course I should take.
1. Majid wants to know(how) how to operate this machine.
2. Tell the tourists(where) where to go.
3. Please remind Rosita(that) that she has to go to the boutique shop.
4. The report ..is not true. (that) that received this morning is not true.
5. ..is a mystery. (where) where she kept my purse is a mystery.
6. They still do not know .(what) what to do.
7. Please inform the players(when) when the game begins.
8. The stranger wants to know.(how) how to reach the museum.
9. The boy was ashamed of (what) what he had done.
10. Our teacher said (that) that he would give us a test.
11.
COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES / ADVERBS.
A. COMPARATIVE = LEBIH DARI

B. SUPERLATIVE = YANG TER / PALING

1. TERDIRI SATU SUKU KATA ER & EST

E g. big , tall , short , young.

COMPARATIVE
RUMUS : ADJECTIVE + ER + THAN
o Fadli is taller than Seto.
* Jakarta is hotter than Bandung.
(Fadli lebih tinggi daripada Seto).
(Jakarta lebih panas dari pada Bdg)
o An elephant is bigger than a deer.
(Seekor gajah lebih besar dari pada seekor rusa)

SUPERLATIVE
RUMUS : THE + ADJECTIVE + EST
* Nina is the fattest girl in our family. ( Nina adalah gadis paling gemuk di Jawa)
* Jakarta is the biggest city in Java. (Jakarta adalah kota yg paling besar di Jawa).
2. TERDIRI TIGA SUKU KATA ATAU LEBIH MORE & MOST
E g. beautiful , delicious , diligent.
COMPARATIVE
RUMUS : MORE + ADJECTIVE + THAN
Nina is more beautiful than Ira. ( Nina lebih cantik dari pada Ira ).
Seto is more diligent than Joni. ( Seto lebih rajin dari pada Joni )
SUPERLATIVE
RUMUS : THE MOST + ADJECTIVE
Bandung is the most beautiful city in East Java.
(Bandung adalah kota paling cantik di Jawa Barat).
Ari is the most diligent student in our class.
( Ari adalah siswa yang paling rajin di kelas kita).
3. TERDIRI DARI DUA SUKU KATA
a. Jika berakhir dengan huruf : y , ly , on , ow , le , er
( happy , friendly , common , narrow, simple )
Rumus : ER & EST
happy happier
happiest narrow
narrower narrowest
friendly
friendlier friendliest simple
simpler
simplest
common
commoner commonest
b. Jika berakhir dng : ful , re (careful , helpful , obscure) Rumus : MORE & MOST
careful
more careful
most careful
obscure more obscure most obscure
helpful
more helpful
most helpful
4. Jika ada kata yang terdiri dari 2 suku kata dan tdk termasuk kedalam peraturan diatas
(3 a, 3 b, diatas, maka kita perhatikan pada tekanan suaranya (stress) :
a. Jika tekanan suara terdapat pada suku kata kedua, maka rumusnya : ER & EST
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Eg. Polite politer

politest.
b. Jika tekanan suara jatuh pada suku kata pertama, maka rumus : MORE & MOST
Eg. Foolish
more foolish
most foolish.

II. BENTUK LAIN COMPARISONS.

1. ADVERB OF MANNER yaitu kata sifat yang menerangkan kata kerja (predikat)
a. Jika bentuk adverb dan adjective sama. Eg. Fast, early, high, hard, late.
Fast
faster
fastest. Early earlier
earliest. High higher highest
b. Jika terdiri dari dua suku kata atau lebih
Eg. Careful
carefully more careful
the most careful
Slow
slowly
more slowly
the most slowly
2. MOST bukan THE MOST
Menunjukkan sifat yang lebih menonjoldari sifat lainnya didalam diri seseorang.
Eg. Most lucky , most patient , most diligent.
She is most lucky. ( Dia sangat beruntung )
She is most patient. ( Dia paling sabar )
NOTE : Most = very = sangat , tidak ditambah The atau Est.
3..Jika terdapat bentuk Kurang .dari pakai less dan yg paling kurang pakai the less
Eg. busy
less busy the least busy
noisy less noisy the least noisy
Nina is less busy than Fadli. ( Nina kurang sibuk dari Fadli )
Of the three boys, Seto is the least busy.
( Dari ketiga anak laki laki itu, Seto paling kurang sibuk).
4. Makin lama makin.
E g. * The singer becomes more and more popular.
( Penyanyi itu berangsur angsur menjadi terkenal ).
The more letters you write, the more pen friends you have. (Bersamaan)
5. As as = sama
E g. * Jakarta is as hot as Medan. ( Jakarta sama panasnya dengan Medan).
Bandung is not so hot as Surabaya. ( Bandung tidak sepanas Surabaya).
6. THE SAME AS, DIFFERENT FROM, LIKE, THE SAMEAS.
6.1. Perhatikan penggunaan the same as dan different from
My pencil and your pencil are the same. There is no different.
My pencil is the same as your.
* Alis coat is large and brown. Setos coat is small and grey.
Aliss coat is different from Setos.
Ket : The same as dan different from digunakan untuk membandingkan 2 orang, benda,
tempat, binatang dsb.
6.2. Perhatikan penggunaan the same ..as dan as .as.
Pola terdahulu : My pencil is the same as yours.
Pola baru : My pencil is the same length as yours. The same ...as dg noun
My pencil is as long as yours. As .as digunakan dg adjective
EXERCISE 49. Buatlah kalimat dengan menggunakan the same as atau different from
Soal : * My shoes are brown and size ten and yours are too. There is no difference.
Jawab : My shoes are the same as your.
Soal : * This book is red. Its very small. That one is black. Its big.
Jawab : This book is different from that one.
1. This is a grammar book. That book is too. There is no difference.
2. This radio is small, but that one is large.
3. Four times three is twelve and three times four is, too.
4. Setos pen is blue. Ninas pen is green.
5. John is short. Hes always happy. Paul is tall and hes seldom happy.
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6. Two times three is six and three times two is, too.
7. Marys address is 804 Sudirman street, Nancy lives there, too.
8. Johns address is 909 Sudiro street, Bobs address is 910 Main street.

EXERCISE 50. Buatlah kalimat dengan like (= almost the same or similar)
Soal : * Johns coat is similar to Pauls.
Jawab
: Johns coat is like Pauls.
Soal : * Johns new car looks almost the same as Pauls.
Jawab
: Johns new car looks like Pauls
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

John is very similar to his father.

Pauls eyes are almost the same as his mothers.
John looks similar to his father.
John works very hard and a horse does too.
Paul eats a lot and a horse does too.
Mary eats very little and a bird does too.

EXERCISE 51. Ungkapan / pernyataan as .as dapat juga digunakan dengan

pernyataan jumlah (much, many, little, few) dan diikuti oleh kata benda.
Soal : * Bob bought five books, and George did too.
Jawab
: Bob bought as many books as George.( Bob bought as many as George)
Soal : * Bob had two cups of coffee, and George did too.
Jawab
: Bob had as much coffee as George ( Bob had as much as George)
Bob had as many cups of coffee as George.
1. Ali has two cats, and Seto does too.
2. Fadli drank two glasses of milk, and Seto did too.
3. Nina ate three sandwiches and Supiati did too.
4. Mr Namridus drinks a glass of milk everyday, and Fadli does too.
5. Seto bought two shirts, and Ali did too.
6. Bob talked to two students, and George did too.
Pengecualian.
Good
Well
Far

Better
Better
Farther
Further
Older
Elder
More handsome
Handsomer
Cleverer

The best
Adjective
The best
Adv of manner
The farthest
(jarak) lebih jauh
The furthest
lebih lanjut
Old
The oldest
umum
The eldest
keluarga
Handsome
The most handsome
The handsomest
boleh keduanya
Clever
The most clever
The cleverest
boleh keduanya.
35) REFLEXIVE / EMPHATIC PRONOUN.
1. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN . jika subjek & objek menunjuk pada orang yang sama.
E g. * I saw myself in the mirror. * I bought a book for myself. (Indirect o).
She bought herself a book. (direct object )
2. EMPHATIC PRONOUN . Penekanannya membuat subjek / objek menjadi penting
bukan orang lain. Letaknya dalam kalimat bias sesudah subjek atau diakhir kalimat.
I myself made the cake. * I made the cake myself.
Meet the manager himself.
3. ALONE = BY .SELF = tanpa bantuan orang lain.
I made the cake by myself.
* She cleaned the room by herself.
They painted the room by themselves.
4. MEMPUNYAI ARTI JUGA
Most people in my neighbourhood went out, we went there ourselves. (kami juga pergi)

EXERCISE 52. Fill in the blanks with suitable reflexive pronouns.

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Nail clippers = gunting kuku.

1. I didnt ask him myself.
2. I didnt hand the letter to the manager himself.
3. The book itself .fell of the table.
4. They themselves .received the telegram.
5. He himself typed all the correspondence.

6. She cannot do the work herself.

7. We solved the problems ourselves.
8. The boys defended themselves with stick only.
9. There had always been good understanding between his employers and h
10. We offered to nail the cases ourselves.
11. She is very fond of talking about herself.
12. The teacher expects us to behave ourselves.
13. My father cut himself while shaving.
14. The President himself will open the exhibition.
36) RELATIVE PRONOUNS ( Lanjutan)..
Relative pronoun (Kata ganti penghubung) bukan saja menunjuk kpd suatu kt benda yg
mendahului, ttp juga menghubungkan dua buah kalimat menjadi sebuah kalimat. Oleh karena
itu, kata ganti penghubung boleh juga disebut Conjunctive pronoun.
Dlm bhs Indonesia 2 buah kalimat dpt digabungkan menjadi satu kalimat, dg memakai
yang, kalau pokok kalimat yg 1 dan pokok kalimat yg ke 2 tediri atas orang yg sama atau benda
yg sama.
Contoh. Orang itu kakak saya. Orang itu dating dari Jkt. Orang yg dating dari Jkt itu
adalah sdr saya. The man who comes from Jkt is my brother.
Kalau dlm b Indonesia hanya menggunakan yang, ttp dlm b Inggris menggunakan who,
which, that, whom, whose, dan what.
1. Who = yang. Who digunakan utk menerangkan orang.
Eg. * The girl who always plays in front of my house is very beautiful.
Gadis yg selalu bermain di depan rumahku itu sangat cantik.
The man who was here yesterday has gone to Manila.
Pria yg berada disini kemarin telah pergi ke malina.
The woman who came yesterday is my teacher.
Wanita yg datang kemarin adalah guru saya.
2. Which = yang. Which digunakan utk menrangkan benda, hewan atau tumbuh tumbuhan
dsb.
Eg. * The ground which we dig will bear a fine crop.
Tanah yg kita gali akan menghasilkan panen yg bagus.
This is the fish which I fish last night. Inilah ikan yg kupancing tadi malam
The flower which he bought is lotus. Bunga yg dibelinya adalah teratai.
3. That = yang. That digunakan utk menerangkan orang, hewan atau benda. Kata that
sering dipakai utk who, whom, atau which, ttp tdk pernah utk whose.
Eg. * The man that (whom) we were looking for has come
Pria yg kita cari telah datang.
That is the bird (which) he caught yesterday.
Itulah burung yg ditangkapnya kemarin.
This is the book that (which) I bought last month.
Inilah buku yg kubeli bulan lalu.
4. Whom = yang. Whom hanya dipakai utk menerangkan orang, ttp berfungsi sbg o
Eg. * They are the painters whom he admires.
Mereka adalah pelukis pelukis yg dikaguminya.
That is the woman whom I saw yesterday. Itulah wnt yg kulihat kemarin
He ia a man whom I know you can trust.
Ia seorang pria yg kukenal yg dpt anda percaya.
5. Whose = yang ..nya. Whose digunakan utk menyatakan kepunyaan.
Eg. * The man whose wife died yesterday is my uncle.
Pria yg istrinya wafat kemarin adalah paman saya.
That is the girl whose brother lives in London.
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Itulah gadis yg sdr laki lakinya tinggal di London.

He is the writer whose book you are reading.
Dialah pengarang yg bukunya sedang kau baca
6. What = apa yg; yg. Kata ganti penghubung what boleh dipakai secara demikian,
sehingga antecedent (kt atau bagian kalimat yg mendahului kata pengganti) termasuk
didalamnya atau dimengerti.
Eg. * I cannot tell you now what (the things which) happened.
Saya tak dpt menceriterakan kpdmu sekarang apa yg terjadi.

I dont understand what you mean.

Saya tdk dpt mengerti apa yg kau maksudkan
This is what she likes. Itulah yg disukainya.
Catatan.
Dlm b Inggris percakapan (spoken English) yg modern, kata kata ganti penghubung that,
which atau whom sering dihilangkan.
Eg. * He has something (that) I want. Ia memp sst yg saya butuhkan.
* I saw everything (that) she did. Saya melihat sgl sst yg dilakukannya.
* I know all (that) she said. Saya tahu semua yg dikatakannya.
* This is the book (which) I bought last month. Inilah buku yg kubeli bln yl.
* Thats the tiger (which) he caught yesterday. Itulah harimau yg ditangkapnya kemarin.
* Thats the woman (whom) I saw yesterday. Itulah wanit ayg kulihat kemarin.
* Hes the painter (whom) I admire. Dialah pelukis yg kukagumi.
EXERCISE 53. Susunlah tiap tiap pasang kalimat ini, memakai anak kalimat dan
tambahkan who, whom untuk orang dan that utk benda.
1. Where is the woman ? She won first prize.
2. The car runs well. It belongs to my father.
3. The flowers are very pretty. You bought them yesterday.
4. The man comes from Medan. I spoke to him last night.
5. Show me the watch. You found it this morning.
6. The woman is a good cook. She is cooking the dinner.
7. The parcel is at the Post Office. Hes waiting for it.
8. He lives in the house. It has a lot of windows.
9. She sold the records. She was tired of them.
10. The girl is my sister. You can hear her.
EXERCISE 54. Susunlah satu kalimat dari tiap tiap kalimat ini dengan memakai anak
kalimat yang dimulai dengan whose.
1. We have a professor. His lectures are always excellent.
2. I spoke to the doctors. Their cars are outside.
3. The friend has a red car. His sheep won first prize.
4. Nina is the girl. Her brother always forgets something.
5. The man is ill. His wife plays tennis with us.
6. The child is crying. His clothes are torn.
7. Thats the passenger. His ticket hasnt arrived.
8. Are you the woman ? Your son plays chess well.
9. The girl is Mrs Supiati. Her mother is in Palembang.
10. Is that the student ? His motor scooter was damaged.
11. This is the girl. I borrowed her library book.
12. He knows the speaker. We listened to his talk.
13. This isnt the man. I go sailing with his son.
This isnt the man whom I go sailing with.
14. The woman is very pleased. She found her gloves.
15. Do you know the teacher ? She went to his house.
16. I cant find the driver. We came in his car.
17. The man is still in Bali. We met his wife yesterday.
18. Is that the cook ? You eat in his restaurant.
19. The teacher is on holidays. We took his photo.
20. This is the woman. Her children played in the garden.
EXERCISE 55. Susunlah tiap tiap pasang kalimat in menjadi satu kalimat dengan
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

memakai anak kalimat yang dimulai dengan who atau that.

This is the doctor. He looked after Seto.
The people are very busy. They work in this office .
Have you seen the boy ? He owns this bike.
The girl is my sister. She is wearing a green dress.
He played with the children. They live next door.
The man was good looking. He was on the grey horse.
Pass me the book. It is on the shelf.
The shoes belongs to me. They are in the cupboard.

9. Is that the bus ? It goes to Bandung.

10. The bottle is broken. It fell on the floor.
11. The car was damaged. It crashed into the kerb
12. He worked for a firm. It sells second hand cars.
EXERCISE 56. Susunlah satu kalimat dari tiap tiap pasang kalimat in dengan memakai
anak kalimat . Hilangkan kata gantinya.
1. The man is my boss. You can see him.
2. The exercises were easy. We did them.
3. The shoes are brown. I bought them yesterday.
4. The student was very intelligent. I met him last night.
5. The bus was late. I caught it. The bus that I caught was late.
6. The letter hasnt arrived yet. He posted it last week.
7. She cant find the dress. She wants it.
8. The doctor didnt know the answer. They asked him.
9. The guests arrived early. We invited them.
10. Tell me about the film. You saw it.
11. The man is Ali. You played chess with him.
12. The library is near the school. We borrow from it.
13. Ive lost the piece of paper. I wrote her address on it.
IThe woman is Mrs Supiati. He bumped into her.
TheThe pen-friend lives in Adelaide. Hilman writes to him.
14. The book is too expensive. Im interested in it.
15. The man is my friend. Im waiting for him.
16. The house is too small. She looked at it.
17. The broadcast was very interesting. We listened to it.
18. The people live in Mdn. Ali stayed with them.
EXERCISE 57. Susunlah sati kalimat dari tiap tiap pasang kalimat ini, tambahkan kata
gantinya kalau perlu. Pakai who, whose untuk orang & that utk benda.
1. The book is very interesting. Hes reading it.
2. The teacher has sent us a letter. He went to England.
TThe boy is my cousin. His essay was the best.
3. Is that the train ? It goes to Bandung.
4. The photographs won first prize. She took them.
The The dentist is on holidays. We go to him.
5. The sisters didnt know the man. He waved to them.
The Is that the man ? Fadli stayed on his farm.
6. The telegram cost thirty shillings. Yati sent it.
TWe climbed the hill. It was near the river. We
Bump = menabrak, menubruk, benjol, menggeser dan mengambil tempat orang lain.

36) WH-QUESTION
WH-WORDS menampilkan WH-QUESTIONS.
Kata kata WH- dapat digunakan sendiri atau dalam suatu kalimat.
Kata keterangan dalam jawaban, bukan yes / no belaka, melainkan sesuatu yang anda
tidak tahu sebelumnya.
Pertanyaan WH biasanya diucapkan dengan intonasi turun.
Contoh pertanyaan dengan kata kata WH :
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1) WHO (pronoun), yakni anda hendak mengetahui seseorang / beberapa orang.

E g. * Who is that ? Its my father.
Note : WHOM bentuk objek pronoun dari WHO, tetapi itu resmi dan agak jarang.
E g. * To whom did you give the ticket ? (resmi)
2) WHOSE [pewatas (modifier) posesif atau pronoun] yakni anda ingin mengetahui milik
siapa sesuatu.
Eg. * Whose is this bucket (ember)? Its mine.
* Whose baby is this ? It belongs to Ani. / Its my sisters.

3) WHAT (pewatas) yakni anda hendak mengetahui banyak tentang seseorang/sesuatu.

Eg. * What are you reading ? A book on sport.
What (pewatas) yaitu apa yang ingin diketahui tentang orang atau benda.
Eg. * What magazine are reading ? The Tempo magazine.
4) WHICH (pronoun) gunakan ini sbg alih alih WHO (utk orang), atau WHAT (utk benda)
bila menyangkut rangkaian kemungkinan yang terbatas sbg sumber pilihan.
Eg. * Which of Shakespeares plays have you seen ? Hamlet and Othello.
WHICH (pewatas) gunakan ini sebagai alih alih WHAT bila menyangkut rangkaian
kemungkinan yg terbatas sbg sumber pilihan.
Eg. * Which coat do you like best ? The green, the red or the blue ?
I like the blue one best.
Adakalanya terdapat perbedaan kecil antara Which dan Who atau Which dan What.
Eg. * Which/Who is your favorite actress ? * Which/What magazines do you read?
5) WHEN (adverb) yakni anda hendak mengetahui saat terjadinya sesuatu Kapan.
Eg. * When did you go to Swiss ? Two years ago.
6) WHERE (adverb) yakni anda hendak mengetahui tempat apa dimana
Eg. * Where are you staying ? At the camp site.
Note : Penggunaan Where juga utk bertanya ttg gerakan ke atau dari suatu tempat.
Eg. * Where have you been (to) ? Ive been to the races.
* Where do they come from ? From France.
7) HOW (adverb), yakni anda hendak mengetahui cara sesuatu terjadi / dilakukan.
* How did the accident happen? The driver of the truck didnt notice the traffic lights.
Catatan : Untuk bertanya tentang alat, kita dapat mengatakan What () with ? ataupun :
How ? Eg. What shall I write with ? You can use this pen.
7a. HOW LONG? Yakni anda hendak bertanya tentang jangka waktu berapa lama
Eg. * How long are you staying here at the hotel ? Until next Sunday.
7b. HOW OFTEN? Yakni anda hendak bertanya tentang kekerapan.
Eg. * How often do they clean the windows ? Every month.
7c. HOW (adverb) + adjective, yakni anda hendak bertanya tingkat berapa
Eg. * How old is your daughter ? Shes nearly 18.
Catatan : How ? + adverb juga bertanya tentang tingkat.
E g. * How well does she speak German ? Very well-just like a native, in fact.
7d. HOW ?(adverb) + Many / Much bertanya tentang jumlah berapa
Eg. * How many people are coming to the party ? About 20.
* How much do I owe you ? Exactly 50 dollars.
8. WHY? (adverb) yakni anda hendak mengetahui reason/cause. Jawab : Because
Eg. * Why did the plants die ? Because they didnt get enough water.
Catatan : Why dapat pula bertanya tentang Purpose (yakni reason atas suatu action).
Dalam penggunaan ini kita dapat menggantikan Why? dengan What for ?
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Eg. * What are you singing for ? Im feeling happy.

9. Cara Pembentukan Pertanyaan WH.
(a) Tempatkan kata WH bersangkutan didepan kalimat, bersama sama dengan sembarang
kata dalam frasa yang sama.
Eg. Why.? Who? Which hat..? What size..? How fast?
(b) Jika kata WH bersangkutan adalah (bagian dari) subjek, tidak perlu dilakukan
perubahan atas word order yang biasa dari suatu pernyataan.
Eg. * Who
lives here ? Nina lives here.
* Which hat is yours ? This hat is mine.

(c) Tetapi jika kata WH bersangkutan bukan (bagian dari) subjek, tempatkanlah auxiliary
verb (kt bantu kk) atau be didepan subjek. Ini adalah pembalikan.
Eg. * How fast can they run ? They can run fast.
* Where is Seto ? Seto is at home.
(d) Jika pola tidak dapat dilakukan karena tidak ada verba bantu, gunakan kata bantu
kosong do.
Eg. * How fast did they run ? They ran fast.
* Where does Seto live ? Seto lives in Klaten.
* How do you like it ?
I like it very much
9a. Bandingkan kata WH sebagai subjek dan sebagai non subjek.
SUBJECT

PERNYATAAN
PERTANYAAN

Fadli
Who

VERBS

drinks
drinks
KT BANTU

OBJECT

ADVERBIAL
Regularly
Regularly

Tea
Tea

PERTANYAAN

OBJECT
What

PERTANYAAN

ADVERBIAL KT BANTU SUBJECT

How often
does
Fadli

does

SUBJECT
Fadli

VERBS

drink

ADVERBIAL

(usually) ?

VERBS OBJECT
drink
Tea ?

Sekarang bandingkan : Subject + Verb ..

Eg. * How many accidents happen of bad roads? * How much money was stolen?(pas
Dengan : Object + kata bantu + subject + verb
Eg. * How many accidents have you had?
* How much money do you have ?
Note : (a) sekarang bandingkan pertanyaan WH langsung dengan Indirect question.
Eg. * What do you want?
* Tell me what you want.
* Who are you looking for ? * She wants to know who you are looking for.
Pertanyaan langsung tsb tidak mempunyai pembalikan subject dan auxiliary atau be.
Note : (a) Bila kata WH bersangkutan merupakan bagian dari suatufrasa berpreposisi kita
mempunyai pilihan dalam b Inggris (resmi) antara penempatan preposisi pada akhir
pertanyaan atau pemindahan seluruh frasa berpreposisi itu ke depan.
Eg. * Im staying at a hotel Ambarukmo. Oh, Which hotel are you staying at ?
At which hotel are you staying ? (resmi)
10. Jenis jenis khusus pertanyaan WH
10a. Pertanyaan WH singkat.
Jika anda membutuhkannya, anda dapat membuat suatu pertanyaan yang sangat singkat
mengandung Wh. Eg. * Its time you were in bed, Tom. Why?
* Id like to have a talk with you. O.k. When?
* We mustnt stay any longer. Why not ?
10b. Beberapa pertanyaan singkat berakhir dengan suatu preposisi
Eg. * It sounds as if the boss is angry. * Who with ? * What for? * What about ?
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Catatan : (i.) Pertanyaan dengan lebih dari satu kata Wh.

Eg. *Who does what ? Ill do the shopping and you can cook the dinner.
Catatan (ii) : Pertanyaan yang menyangkut benda /orang dlm klausa subordinatif.
Eg. * Who did they want her to marry ? (They wanted to marry) an army officer.
* How much money do you think he earns ?
Catatan (iii) : Pertanyaan yang meminta orang lain mengulang kata kata yang tidak dapat
anda tangkap (kata kata yang anda tidak percaya).
Eg. * His grandmother is 95 years old. How old is She ?
* It cost $ 100. How much did it cost ?
* We keep a pet crocodile in the bath. * What do you keep in the bath ?

WH-WORDS- kata Wh.

1. Kata Wh adalah nama yang diberikan kepada 10 kata berikut yang masing masing dapat
dilihat dalam lema tersendiri (who/whose berada dalam satu lema) :
Who, whom. What, which, whose pewatas pronomina.
How* , why, where, when, whether adverb konjungsi subordinatif.
*How disebut wh sekalipun ejaannya tidak wh.
Catatan : Ada juga kata kata wh yang berakhir ever, seperti whatever.
2. Penggunaan kata Wh.
2a. Semua kata Wh kecuali Whether dapat menampilkan Wh question.
Eg. * Whats the time ?
2b. Semua kata wh (termasuk whether) dapat menampilkan indirect question.
Eg. * He asked me what time was. * Can you tell me what time is, please ?
WHAT (pronomina atau pewatas)

What adalah Wh-word yang digunakan untuk mengacu ke benda

What digunakan untuk membentuk pertanyaan.
What tidak mengalami perubahan bentuk.

1) What mengacu ke hal / benda.

What bertanya tentang sesuatu. Eg. What are you looking for? Im looking for a pen.
Who bertanya ttg sesorang.Eg. Who are you looking for? Im looking for the manager
Note : Anda dapat menggunakan what untuk bertanya tentang pekerjaan seseorang.
Eg. * What was her first husband ? He was a lawyer.
* Who was her first husband ? He was John Forbes, the son of the famous writer.
What bertanya tentang pekerjaan seseorang. Who betanya tentang orang bersangkutan
selaku pribadi.
2) What menampilkan pertanyaan Wh.
2a) What sebagai pronomina dapat menjadi subject, object atau complement.
Subject
: Eg . * What happened ?
Object
: Eg. * What are you doing ?
Complement
: Eg. * What is your name ?
Contoh lain
:
* What would you like to drink ? An orange juice, please.
* What is her job ?
She is a nurse.
2b) What sebagai pewatas muncul didepan nomina : What + nomina.
Eg.
* What time is it ? Its ten past five.
* What color is her hair ? Its black.
* What job does he do ? He is an electrician.
* What year were you born (in) ? In 1956.
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Note : Selaku pewatas, What dapat bertanya tentang orang maupun hal / benda.
Artinya keras . What kind of.
Eg. * What (kind) of painters do you admire most?
* What (kind) of people visit this restaurant?
3. What menampilkan klausa Wh- (klausa subordinatif)
3a. What sebagai pronomina.
Eg. * We asked her what she wanted. * I dont know what you mean. (Indirect)
Berbicara tentang suatu liburan * What I enjoyed most was swimming.
* Did you ? Well, the food was what I enjoyed most.

3b. What sebagai pewatas : What + nomina.

Eg. * Can you tell me what size this dress is ? (Indirect question )
* I dont care what difficulties we face. (indirect question)
* They stole what (little) money we had.
* What (few) supporters he had soon left him.
(Disini What money & what supporters menyiratkan jumlah ybs kecil)
What size + nomina berguna saat anda berbicara tentang busana.
Eg. * What size/dress do you take ? Size 10.
4. What (a/an) menampilkan seruan
4a. What (a/an) + (...) nomina dapat dihitung mufrad (lihat countable Uncountable noun)
4b. What + () nomina jamak/dapat dihitung.
Eg. * What strange neighbors you have ! * What luck ! (=good luck or bad luck)
WHATEVER (pronomina /pewatas)
Whatever adalah wh-ever word yang betalian makna dengan what, artinya (apa) saja/pun
yang Eg. * Ill eat whatever (food) you have to offer .
Whatever juga menyangatkan suatu kata ingkar/ suatu kata any (=at all /sama sekali)
Eg. * The crash had nothing whatever to do with me.
* We havent mentioned the matter to anyone whatever.
WHEN (adverb / konjungsi)

When adalah suatu wh-word yang menampilkan pertanyaan menyangkut Time.

When juga merupakan conjunction subordinatif; ia menampilkan adverbial clause yang
berkenaan dengan Time.
1. When (adverb) dalam pertanyaan berarti kapan / bilamana
Eg. * When did you leave? On the third of July.
* Do you know when theyre coming? Yes, tomorrow. (Indirect question)
* Summer is the season when the farmers are busiest.(Dlm klausa wh lain)
* Next Monday is when we return to school.
2. When (konjungsi) berarti ketika / tatkala
2a. Dalam klausa when, gunakan verba Present untuk mengacu ke waktu yad.
Eg. * Phone me when you get back.
* When the tv star arrives, there will be a big crowd.
2b. Gunakan verba Present prfect dalam klausa When.
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a) Untuk memberikan sesuatu dalam waktu lampau dari sudut pandang yad.
Eg. * I feel much happier when I have finished.
b) Untuk memberikan sesuatu dalam waktulampau bilamana klausa utama
mengandung suatu verba Present untuk memberikan suatu kebiasaan.
Eg. * They cut the corn when it has ripened.
2c. Dalam pernyataan tentang kebiasaan, When = if / whenever.
Eg. * People dont like making speeches when (=if) theyve never spoken in
public before. * When (whenever) water boils, it changes into steam.
2d. Dengan suatu bentuk Progressive, when = while /as.
We saw a strange animal when (=while) we were driving through the forest.
8/17/2005 10:24:19 AM

WHENEVER (adverb / konjungsi)

Whenever adalah wh-ever word yang bertalian makna dengan When.
1. Whenever (adverb waktu) berarti kapan saja / kapapun
Eg. * (At whatever time you arrive ..)
* When would you like to meet ? Whenever you like.
2. Whenever (konjungsi waktu) berarti setiap kali / saban waktu.
Eg. * Whenever there is a rail strike, the passengers have to travel by road.
* I visit my sister whenever I go to London.
WHERE ((adverb atau konjungsi)
Where adalah wh word yang menampilkan pertanyaan menyangkut tempat. (place)
Where juga merupakan conjunction subordinatif . ia menampilkan adverbial clause
menyangkut tempat/motion or movement.
1. Where (adverb). Where dalam pertanyaan wh berarti (di) mana
Eg. * Wheres my raincoat ? I cant find it. * Where are you going (to)?
* Where do you come from ?
Dalam klausa wh :
Eg. * I dont know where she lives. ( Indirect question)
* This is the place where I first met my wife. (where = at place) (klausa pengacu)
* Youve to go back to where you started. (where = the place at which) (r.clause)
Note : Ada pertanyaan singkat : Where to ? dan Where from?
E g. * The plane has just arrived. Where from ? From Nairobi.
* Sopir taksi : Where to ? Penumpang : To Victoria station, please.
2. Where (konjungsi)
Where dalam contoh berikut berarti : dimana/kemana.
E g. * Young people have to go where they can find jobs.
* Where I come from, the summer is very dry and hot.
WHEREVER (Adverb / konjungsi)
Wherever adalah wh-ever question yang bertalian makna dengan where
1. Adverb (= it doesnt matter where dimanapun/tidak soal dimana)
Eg. * Come here, Janet, wherever you are.
2. Konjungsi (=in /to every place di/kemana pun)
Eg. * His dog follows after him wherever he goes.
* I try to save money wherever and whenever I can.
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WHETHER (konjungsi subordinatif)

Whether senantiasa mengawali klausa subordinatif
Whether senantiasa menampilkan suatu pilihan diantara beberapa alternatif.
1. Whether menampilkan pertanyaan yes / no tidak langsung.
E g. * Are you hungry ? (Ya / tidak). She asked whether I was hungry.
* Have you seen my sister ? (ya /tidak). He asked whether I had seen his sister.
1a. Pertanyaan bisa saja tidak diucapkan, hanya dalam pikiran/benak.
E g. * Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow ? That depends on whether its fine day.
* I wonder whether /if the journey will last a long time.
Kita umumnya menggunakan Present tense untuk mengacu waktu yang akan datang
setelah whether. If biaanya dapat menggantikan whether didepan suatu pertanyaan
tidak langsung.

2. Whether X atau Y. Idiom ini menampilkan dua pilihan yang setara, X atau Y
2a. Pertanyaan tidak langsung alternatif.
* They have a baby, but I cant remember whether its a boy or a girl. (X= Its a girl).
* I dont know whether she agrees or disagrees with us.
* ( X = She agrees with us;. Y = She disagrees with us)
2b. Kondisi alternatif.
Contoh diatas adalah pertanyaan tidak langsung. Whether or juga digunakan
dalam Conditional clause menyatakan kondisi alternatif.
Eg. * Whether you are young or old, you can still enjoy sport.
( X = If you are young; Y = Even if you are old).
* The races will take place whether its raining or its sunny.
3. Whether or not.
Cara sederhana untuk membentuk suatu klausa dengan dua alternatif ialah menambahkan
or not. Kita dapat menambahkan or not kessemua contoh tentang whether dalam 1a dan
1b diatas. Penambahan tsb mempertegas kalimat.
Eg. * She asked me whether it was hungry or not.
* That depends on whether its fine day or not.
* You have pay taxes whether you want to or not.
3a. Cara lain mengatakan hal yg sama menambahkan or not langsung setelah whether.
Eg. * She asked me whether or not I was hungry.
* That depends on whether or not its a fine day.
WHICH (pronomina / pewatas)
Which adalah Wh-word.
Which digunakan untuk membentuk pertanyaan Wh question atau Wh clause.
Which adalah juga pronomina relatif yang mengacu ke sesuatu (yakni bukanseorang).
1. Kapan mengunakan which alih alih what atau who.
Which sebagai pronomina penanya dapat mengacu ke orang maupun benda/hal. Ia
berbeda dengan Who dan What karena ia menanyakan pilihan dari serangkaian
kemungkinan yang tentu dan terbatas.
Eg. * What are you buying ? (I cant see what it is) * Which are you buying ?
(I can see 5 dresses I dont know which one you are buying)
* Who do you want to speak to ? ( It could be anyone)
* I have two daughters. Which do you want to speak to ?
3. Which menampilkan pertanyaan Wh.
2a. Which sebagai pronomina penanya dapat menjadi subjek atau objek. Ia kerap diikuti
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oleh suatu frasa of. Which + of + pronomina atau frasa nomina jamak.
Eg. * Which of these chocolates would you like ?
Which meminta anda membuat pilihan dari serangkaiankemungkinan yang terbatas.
Frasa of memberikan rangkaian ini.
2b. Which sebagai pewatas penanya.
Which (pewatas) muncul didepan nomina, which + nomina.
Lagi pilihan dari suatu rangkaian yang tentu dan terbatas.
Eg. * Which party do you support ? the Democratics or the Republicans ?
* Which children have won prizes ? Mary, Raymond and Wendy.
* Which bus are you waiting for ? Im waiting for the 101.
What dapat pula digunakan disini artinya What kind of .?
Eg. * What bus are you waiting for ?
What dalam artian Which banyak digunakan dalam b Inggris (informal).

4. Which menampilkan klausa Wh.

3a. Which sebagai pronomina atau pewatas menampilkan pertanyaan tidak langsung.
Eg. * There are so many beautiful clothes. I dont know which (of them) to buy.
* I asked Judy which program she wanted to watch. She answered that she didnt
mind which.
3b. Which (=whichever) sebagai pronomina/pewatas dalam klausa pengacu.
3c. Which (=that) sebagai pronomina relatif mempunyai arti yang berbeda dengan which
dalam penggunaan lain.
Contoh kalimat dg menggunakan Which :
a) Which play did you prefer ? Sandiwara yg mana yang lebih kau sukai ?
b) Which way is the station ? Jurusan/jalan yg mana menuju ke stasion ?
c) Which one ? Yang mana ? Which ones do you want? Yg mana yg sdr sukai?
d) Look which way you wish. Lihatlah cara mana yang anda sukai.
e) Which is your car ? Yang mana mobilmu?
f) Which of you wants to go along ? Siapa diantara kamu yang ingin ikut?
WHICHEVER (pronomina / pewatas)
Eg. * I have several umbrellas. You can borrow which / whichever one you like.
WHILE (konjungsi subordinatif atau nomina).
While menampilkan adverbial clause Time.
While berarti ketika X (X adlah suatu perbuatan atau keadaan yang berlangsung selama
suatu jangka waktu). Jangka waktu tsb bisa panjang / singkat.
While kerap diikuti oleh bentu Progressive verba ybs.
1. Klausa while dapat muncul didepan atau dibelakang klausa utama.
Eg. * While they were dancing, someone took a photograph.
* We arrived while Seto Was (talking) on the phone.
* While you cutting the grass, Ill make a cup of tea.
1a. Kedua klausa dapat mempunyai bentuk Progressive verba.
Eg. * While he was making a speech, the TV camera crew were fliming.
Catatan (i.): Klausa pendek dengan while melesapkan subject dan verba be. While +
verb + ing.
Eg. * Nina wrote her first novel while (she was) working for a newspaper.
While + complement / adverbial.
Eg. * While (he was) a student, Sam had to borrow money.
* While (she was) in the hospital she was visited everyday by her family.
Catatan: (ii) Sebagai nomina, while berarti saat/waktu (singkat).
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Im going out for a while. Well, dont too long, dinner will be ready in a while (soon)
5. While (konjungsi subordinatif) tidak selalu mengacu ke waktu. Ia juga digunakan untuk
menghubungkan dua gagasan yang satu sama lain bertentangan, berarti sementara,
sedangkan. Eg. * While I like mussels, I hate cysters.
WHO / WHOM / WHOSE (pronomina)
Who adalah kata wh-, digunakan untuk mengacu ke orang.
Who digunakan untuk membentuk wh-questions dan wh-clause.
Who adalah juga pronominarelatif.
Whom adalah bentuk object pronoun dari who. Itu agak jarang.
Whose adalah bentuk posesif dari who.
1. Penggunaan who dalam pertanyaan.
(A) Subject : * Who live in that house ? A farmer , Mr Namridus.
(B) Object : * Who do you teach (resmi)? I teach medical students.
(C) Complement : Who are her parents? They are Mr. And Mrs. Sudirman.
(D) Dg prep di ujung : Who were you speaking to? To a friend of my sisters.

Whom (jarang) dibanding dengan who. Itu (resmi) dan dianggap lebih betul daripada
who. Tetapi dalam <percakapan> kita jarang mendengar whom.
1a. Whom dapat digunakan dalam kedudukan berikut ini :
(B) Object : Whom do you teach ? <resmi>
(E) Dibelakang prep : To whom were you speaking ? <resmi>
2. Memandingkan who, whom, whose.
Pronomina
subject
<tidak resmi>
<resmi>

Who

Pronomina
object
Who
Whom

Posesif
Pewatas pronomina
Whose

2a. Untuk menggambarkan who, whom & whose berikut adalah :

A REPORT ON A BICYCLE ACCIDENT

Who was riding the bicycle ?

Who(m) did he hit ?
Whose shopping basket was upset ?
Whose was the bicycle ?
{To whom was the accident reported ?
{ Who was the accident reported to ?

Bill Jones.
Barry Mann.
Mrs. Mann.
Paula Hall.
The Police Constable.
Woods.

3. Who, whom, dan whose dalam klausa wh-.

Dalamklausa wh, who, whom dan whose berfungsi sebagaimana mereka berfungsi
dalam pertanyaan wh-langsung.
3a. Who, whom & whose dalam Indirect questions :
Eg. * The policewoman asked who was riding the bicycle.
* I dont remember who(m) we met at the party.
* I recognize the bicycle, but I dont know whose it is.
* Can you tell us to{ whom you wish to speak ? (resmi)
{ who you want to speak to? (informal)
3b. Who, whom & whose dalam klausa relatif.
Who, whom & whose (pewatas) digunakan dalam klausa relatif yang bersifat
membatasi dan yang bersifat tidak membatasi.
Eg. * Everyone who lives here has to share in the housework.
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* Our daughter, Nina, who(m) you met last year, is getting married on 5th Ocktober
WHOM (pronomina)
Whom adalah bentuk object pronoun dari who. Bentuk ini agak jarang dalam percakapan,
tetapi masih digunakan dalam tulisan.
WHOSE (pewatas posesif dan pronomina)
1. Whose adalah kata wh; bentuk posesif dari who. Whose digunakan dalam wh-question
yang langsung dan tidak langsung.
Eg. * Whose book is this ? * Ive found a book. I wonder whose it is.
2. Whose (pewatas) menampilkan Relative Clause.
Eg. * I know Mrs. Short, whose daughter lives near you. Ini artinya sama dng :
I know Mrs. Short. Her daughter lives near you.
WHY (adverb wh-)
Why senantiasa menanyakan suatu pertanyaan.
Why senantiasa berarti For What Reason ? Mengapa ? Apa sebab/Apa pasal?
Pertanyaan Why ? dapat dijawab dengan because (memberi alasan)
Why muncul pada awal klausa utama.

Why dapat pula menjadi pertanyaan satu kata yang berdiri sendiri.
1. Eg. * Why didnt you come to work this morning ? Because I have got a bad cold.
* Did he say why he didnt come to work ? Well, yes.
* Go to bed! Why ? Because I want some peace and quiet, and anyway its late.
2. Pertanyaan khusus dengan Why
2a. Why dont you/we mengawali suatu suggestion /saran /nasehat.
Eg. * Why dont you sell you car by advertising it in the paper ?
* Why dont we have a drink ? Good idea !
2b. Why + verb ..dan Why + not + verba adalah pola pertanyaan khusus tanpa suatu
subject, untuk memberi nasihat /mengemukakan saran.
Eg. * Why cause difficulties for yourself ? * I dont know what to say to them.
Why not tell the truth ?
RINGKASAN WH- QUESTION/QUESTION WORDS :
1. WHAT(apa) digunakan untuk menanyakan benda dan orang.
Eg. * What did you do in the office yesterday ?
* I typed a letter.
(Apa yg kau lakukan/kerjakan di kantor kemarin? (Saya mengetik sebuah surat.)
2. WHO (siapa) digunakan untuk menanyakan orang (sebagai subjek (pokok kalimat)
Eg. * Who did not pass up the work ?
* Sheila didnt pass up the work.
(Siapa yg tidak dapat menyelesaikan pekerjaan tsb?) ( Sheila tidak dapat
menyelesaikan pekerjaan tsb)
3..WHO (kpd/untuk) siapa : digunakan untuk menanyakanorang (sbg objek suatu KK)
Eg. * To whom did you speak ? (pada siapa anda berbicara ?)
* I spoke to Seto. (saya berbicara pada Seto)
4. WHOSE (milik siapa) digunakan untuk menanyakan orang (kepemilikan)
Eg. * Whose bicycle is this ? (Sepeda milik siapa ini ?)
Its Ninas. (ini sepeda milik Nina
5..WHICH (yang mana) digunakan untuk menanyakan benda/orang (jumlahnya terbatas)
Eg. * Which is your house ? (yang mana rumah milikmu?)
Its the last one. (ini yang terakhir)
Which of these boys is reliable ? (yg mana diantara anak laki laki yg dpt dipercaya?)
Seto is reliable. (Seto yg dapat dipercaya)
6..WHEN (kapan/bilamana) digunakan untuk mengetahui waktu, tgl atau tahun
Eg. * When do you go to work ? (kapan anda pergi bekerja?)
* I go to work at eight oclock. (saya pergi bekerja pada jam 8 pagi)
7..WHERE (dimana/kemana) digunakan untuk mengetahui arah atau tempat.
Eg. * Where does Seto live ? (dimana Seto bertempat tinggal ?)
* He lives in Wedi. (dia tinggal di Wedi.)
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8..HOW (bagaimana) digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkah laku, keadaan atau situasi
seseorang atau suatu kegiatan atau benda.
Eg. * How did you come to school ? (Bagaimana anda datang ke sekolah?)
* I came to school by cycle. (saya datang ke sekolah dengan bersepeda)
9..WHY (mengapa) digunakan untuk mengetahui alasan atau sebab.
Eg. * Why did Lia look so sad? ( mengapa Lia kelihatan begitu sedih?)
* She failed her math test. (dia gagal/tidak lulus ujian matematikanya)
EXERCISE 57. Fill in the blanks with what, who, whom, whose or which.
1.
2.
3.
4.

did you see at the bus station?

. ..are you holding in your hand?
is the cheaper of the two?
To ..are you sending this card?
5. This isnt Peters bicycle. ?
6. ..will volunteer to help the fire
victims?
7. .did you do with the old dress?
8. .. boy gave you the most problems?

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

With ...are you going to the b?

..house wasnt affected by the flood?
.has a ten cent coin, please?
..have you decided to do?
.class is the cleanest?
did you think was the thief?
.father came to see the headmaster this
morning?

Sdm 8/17/2005 10:41:04 AM

EXERCISE 58. Fill in the blanks with when, where, how or why.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

.. will everyone be home?

are you feeling now?
..will the results be released?
..is the prize giving ceremony?
....did you keep the atlas?
..can I buy a racket?
..did she leave early in the morning?
is Tommy so angry today?

9. ......are you going to solve the problem?

10. . could the man be so cruel?
11. .will you father retire?
12. .. were you born?
13. ......has Honey gone?
14. ...... ..do I get to the library?
15. .. was the football match postponed?

EXERCISE 59.Change the following statements into questions by using the words given
1. That is my house. (Which).
2. Nina met Ani at the P O.(Whom)
3. That man is my uncle.(Who)
4. Shes bought a new oven.(What)
5. Mats house was broken into.(Whose)
6. This bus will take you to town (Which)
1. TOO + ADJECTIVE + V 1 ;
2. SO ..THAT ;

7. You should see the form teacher, An.

(Whom)
8. The team captain will mark the attendance.
(Who)
9. The price of the shirt is Rp 9.000,- (What)
10. Seto won the first prize. (Who)
ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH + V 1
SUCH ( A ) ..THAT

1. Too + Adjective + Verbs dasar : dipakai untuk menggabung dua kalimat.

E g. * The coffee is very hot. I cant drink it. The coffee is too hot to drink.
He was very busy. He couldnt play tennis. He was too busy to play tennis.
2. Adjective + Enough + Verbs dasar.
Eg. * They are rich. They can spend their holiday abroad.
* They are rich enough to spend their holiday abroad.
Joni is twenty years old. He can drive a car. Joni is old enough to drive a car.
Kadang kadang didepan verbs dasar dapat ditambahkan objek seperti : for me, for Nina, for the
students untuk menyatakan pelaku dari apa yang disebut verbs dasar.
Eg. * The shoes are too small for me to wear.
The task is easy enough for Seto to do it in half an hour.
3. So.that.
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Eg. * There were so many members absent that the meeting was put off.
I had so much to do that I forgot my appointment.
4. Such ( a ) that
Eg. * It was a very good film. I saw it three times.
It was such a good film that I saw it three times
* They are very nice people. Everyone likes them.
They are such nice people that everyone like them.
EXERCISE 60. Gabungkanlah kalimat dibawah ini dengan too + adjective + Verb dasar
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The old man was weak. He couldnt walk.

These shoes are very expensive. I cant buy them.
The suitcase was very heavy. Fadli couldnt carry it.
She is very fat. She cant wear that dress.
He was very nervous. He couldnt answer the teachers questions.
The boy is ill. He couldnt walk to school.
Sdm 8/17/2005 10:59:05 AM

EXERCISE 61. Gabungkanlah kalimat dibawah ini dengan Adjective + enough + Verb dasar
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

It is quiet here. You can take a rest.

He is strong. He can lift a heavy object.
He is lucky. He has a good job.
The land is fertile. The farmers can cultivate it.
I felt well. I could walk to school.
The meeting is important. The teacher should attend it.

EXERCISE 63. Gabungkanlah kalimat ini dengan so ..that..

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

There are many new places to visit. She has no time to write letters.
The secretary had a lot of letters to type. She couldnt leave the office until five.
He had very little money. He couldnt buy a drink.
We had a lot of guests. We had to borrow chairs from our neighbours.
She had very few friends. She seldom had visitors.
There was a lot of news in the paper. I spent two hours reading it.
Ayu is very attractive. All the boys fall in love with her.
This book is very boring. I have read only for the first chapter.
The teacher is very angry. She couldnt speak for a few minutes.

EXERCISE 64. Gabungkanlah kalimat ini dengan such (a) ..that

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Ali is a very efficient worker. The other workers admire him.

They serve very nice food in that restaurant. People like to eat there.
Ria has a very bad headache. She has gone to bed.
The boy asked a very silly question. The teacher didnt answer it.
She is a very kind woman. She would give away her last rupiah. .
She is a very good singer. You could listen to her all evening.
It was a very funny remark. Everybody in the room laughing.
He was a very good actor. Everybody was sorry when he died.

NOT ONLY..BUT ALSO DAN BUT

Kita menggunakan bentuk kalimat not only but also untuk menggabungkan dua
idea/gagasan/pikiran yang sedikit agak berhubungan.
Eg. * We were introduced not only to Ina, but we also met her parents.
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They not only came late, but they also forgot the sandwiches.
Not only was he ill, but his whole family was also ill.
Not only were they tired, but they were also hungry.
Not only did the thief take my money, but he also took my watch.
The children werent only given free drinks, but they were also given an ice cream each.
Ahmad not only watered the plants, but he also trimmed the hedge. (memangkas p t tnm)
Catatan : bentuk not only . but also digunakan dalam dua cara, bisa digunakan pada
permulaan kalimat, atau bisa ditengah bagian pertama kalimat.
Penggunaan but.
E g. * John is a student.( + )
John is a student, but
* Mr. Hill isnt a student. ( + )
Mr. Hill isnt a student, but

Mr. Hill isnt a student. ( - )

Mr. Hill isnt.
John is a student. ( - )
John is.

Keterangan : Bentuk diatas , but digunakan untuk menghubungkan 2 pernyataan/statemen yang

mempunyai predikat sama kecuali yang satu predikat adalah afirmatif dan satu yang lain adalah
negatif. Pada predikat kedua kalimat seperti tsb, hanya auxiliary/kata Bantu kk yang
dicatakan/diungkapkan. Bentuk sederhana daripada be diperlakukan seperti auxiliary verb.
Catatan : but juga digunakan untuk menghubungkan pernyataan lain yang berlawanan.
E g. * John will go to Detroit, but Lucy isnt.
* Helen likes chocolate ice cream, but Alice prefers vanilla .
* Mary cant play piano, but John can.
* Bill went, but Susi didnt.

Exercise 75 :
Join the two sentences with but, omit part of the second predicate as shown in the example.
Eg. * John is tired. George isnt tired. John is tired, but George isnt.
Fadli wont go. Nina will go. Fadli wont go, but Nina will.
Seto wasnt here. Ali was here. Seto wasnt here, but Ali was.
1. Supiati lives in the city. Nani doesnt live in the city.
2. Marno wasnt happy yesterday. Lani was happy yesterday.
3. Tuti isnt going to have a cup of coffee. Tono is going to have a cup of coffee.
4. He bought a new radio. Mother didnt buy a new radio.
5. My uncle didnt know the answer. She knew the answer.
6. Mother watched television last night. My brother didnt watch television last night
7. Father should eat more for breakfast. Mother shouldnt eat more for breakfast.
8. Joni doesnt like sandwich. I like sandwich.
9. Dani always comes late. Dina doesnt always come late.
10. The students havent finished their homework. Tini has finished her homework.
11. She will have written two letters by ten oclock. I will not have finished two letters by ten
oclock

A bench of magistrates
Bangku hakim.
A board of directions.
Papan arah.
A team of footballers
Regu sepakbola.
A school / class of pupils
Murid sekolah.
A team of players
Regu pemain.
A mob a gangsters
Gelombolan penjahat.
A party of friends

A band of musicians
Sekumpulan para pemain musik
A tribe of natives
Serumpun orang pribumi.
A bevy of girls / ladies
Rombongan gadis gadis.
A band of pilgrims
Rombongan haji/peziarah.
A posse of policemen
Sekelompok pembantu polisi.
A congregation of worshippers
Jemaah ibadah.
A staff of teacher

A company of actors
Serombongan artis/actor.
A gang of thieves
Segerombolan pencuri.
A host of angels
Sekelompok bidadari.
A gang of laborers
Seregu pekerja.
A troupe of dancers
Rombongan penari.
A staff of servants
Staf pelayan.
A horde of savages.
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Pesta teman.
A crew of sailors
Awak kapal.

A flock of sheep
Kawanan domba.
A gaggle of geese
Kawanan angsa.
A herd of cattle
Kawanan lembu/sapi.
A pack of wolves
Sekumpulan serigala.
A brood of chicken
Seperanakan ayam.
A stud of horses
Seperanakan kuda.
A herd of elephants
Sekawanan gajah.

Staf guru.
A choir of singers
Paduan suara penyanyi.
A crowd of spectators
Banyak/kelompok penonton
ANIMALS
A nest of rabbits
Sekumpulan/sarang kelinci.
A swarm /plague of insects
Sekawanan/gangguan serangga.
A flock of goats
Sekawanan kambing.
A litter of kittens
Seperindukan anak kucing.
A flight of swallows
Burung layang layang terbang
A nest of mice
Sarang tikus.
A school of whales
Sekolah ikan paus.
.

A flight of steps/aeroplanes
Tangga pesawat terbang
A collection of stamps
Kumpulan perangko.
A cluster of diamonds
Sekumpulan intan
A bunch/comb of bananas
Setandan / sesisir pisang
A bunch of grapes
Setandan buah anggur.
A chest of drawers
Lemari berlaci.
A cluster of stars
Sekumpulan bintang.
A clutch of eggs
Sesarang telur.
A library of books
Seperpustakaan buku.

A bale of cotton.
Sebal kapas.
A group of islands
Sekumpulan pulau.
A volley of bullets
Berondongan peluru/pelor
A crate of fruit
Sekotak buah.

THINGS
A pack of cards
Sepak kartu.
A tuft of grass
Lempeng rumput.
A set of china
Perlengkapan pecah belah
A stack of hay
Tumpukan jerami/rumput kr
A set / kit of tools
Sekotak perlengkapan/alat
A fleet of motorcars
Konvoi/iring iringan mobil.
A packet of cigarettes
Sepak rokok.
A quiver of arrows
Setempat anak panah.
A suit of clothes
Sesetel pakaian.

A string of beads
Seuntai tasbih/manik manik
A fleet of ships
Konvoi/iring iringan kapal
A clump of trees
Serumpun pohon pohon.
A collection of pictures
Koleksi/kumpulan gambar

Gelombolan orang biadab.

An army of soldiers
Lasykar prajurit/serdadu.

A swarm of bees
Kawanan lebah.
A troop of lions
Kawanan singa.
A flock of birds
Kawanan burung.
A troop of monkeys
Kawanan kera.
A team of oxen
Sekumpulan lembu jantan.
A shoal of fish
Kawanan ikan.
A litter of pups
Seperindukan anak anjing
A plague of locusts
Gangguan infeksi

A bouquet of flowers
Karangan/buket bunga.
A batch of bread
Setumpuk roti.
A hedge of bushes
Sepagar semak semak.
A suite of furniture
Sesetel perlengkapan rt
A string of pearls
Seuntai mutiara.
A bundle of rags
Sebuntel/seikat kain lap
A peal of bells
Bunyi bel/lonceng.
A heap / pile of stones
Tumpukan/ gundukan batu

A bundle of sticks
Seikat tongkat.
A sheaf of corn
Seikat jagung.
A library of books
Seperpustakaan buku.
A fleet of cars
Iring iringan mobil.

93

94

SINGULA
R
Accident
Actor
Adventure
Advice
Ally
Artist
Athlete
Author
Baby
Baggage
Balloon
Belief
Boy
Box
Branch
Brother
Brother in
law
Buffalo
Building
Bush
Calf
Cat
Cause
Change
Chief
Child
City
-Country
Cow
Coward
Crime
Critic
Cry
Custom
Danger
Day
Deer
Disaster
Dog
Donkey
Dress
Dwarf
Enemy

PLURAL

MEANINGS

SINGULAR

PLURAL

MEANINGS

Accidents
Actors
Adventures
-Allies
Artist
Athletes
Authors
Babies
-Balloons
Beliefs
Boys
Boxes
Branches
Brothers
Brothers in
law
Buffaloes
Buildings
Bushes
Calves
Cats
Causes
Changes
Chiefs
Children
Cities
Clothes
Countries
Cows
Cowards
Crimes
Critics
Cries
Customs
Dangers
Days
Deer
Disasters
Dogs
Donkeys
Dresses
Dwarfs
Enemies

Kecelakaan,kebetula
Actor/pemain pria.
Petualangan.
Nasehat, berita.
Sekutu
Seniman, artis.
Atlit, olahragawan/ti
Pengarang, penulis.
Bayi, orok.
Bagasi, kopor kopor.
Balon, pelembungan.
Kepercayaan
Anak laki laki
Kotak, peti.
Dahan, cabang
Kakak laki laki
Kakak/adik ipar laki
laki
Banteng, kerbau
Gedung
Semak semak
Anak sapi, betis.
Kucing.
Sebab, alasan.
Perubahan/pergantia
Kepala, ketua.
Anak anak.
Kota.
Pakaian.
Negara, dusun.
Lembu, sapi.
Penakut, pengecut
Kejahatan, salah
Pengecam, pengupas
Teriakan, pekik
Adapt, kebiasaan
Bahaya.
Hari.
Rusa
Bencana,mala petaka
Anjing
Keleday
Rok, gaun, pakaian
Orang kerdil, katai
Musuh.

Error
Faith
Father
Favor
Fire
Fish
Fly
Fool
Foot
Fortune
Fox
Friend
Furniture
Gas
Girl
Glass
Goose
Half
Headmaster
Hero
Hope
Hoof
Host
Information
Intention
-Key
King
Kiss
Knife
Knowledge
Lady
Leaf
Life
Limb
Limit
Line
Loaf
Lock
Louse
Luggage
Man
Mango
Mark
--

Errors
Faiths
Fathers
Favors
Fires
Fish
Flies
Fools
Feet
Fortunes
Foxes
Friends
-Gases
Girls
Glasses
Geese
Halves
H.masters
Heroes
Hopes
Hooves
Hosts
-Intentions
Jeans
Keys
Kings
Kisses
Knives
-Ladies
Leaves
Lives
Limbs
Limits
Lines
Loaves
Locks
Lice
-Men
Mangoes
Marks
Materials

Kesalahan
Agama, kepercay
Ayah
Hadiah/tanda mata
Api, kebakaran
Ikan
Lalat, mata pancing
Tolol, orang gila
Kaki, suku.
Untung, kekayaan
Rubah
Teman, kawan
Perabot rumah tang
Gas,bensin, minyak
Gadis
Gelas, kaca, cermin
Angsa
Separuh, babak
Kepala sekolah
Pahlawan
Harapan,
Kuku binatang
Tuan rumah
Informasi, berita
Maksud, pamrih
Celana jin
Kunci
Raja
Ciuman
Pisau
Ilmu pengetahuan
Wanita.
Daun, daun meja
Hidup, kehidupan
Dahan, cabang
Batas
Garis, barisan
Papan roti
Kunci, pintu air.
Kutu, tuma, caplak
Bagasi, barang 2
Orang laki laki
Mangga
Angka, nilai, bekas
Bahan, alat alat

SINGULAR
Match
Mercy
Mile
Mischief
Mistake
Model
Monkey
-Mosquito
Mountain
Mouse

PLURAL
Matches
Mercies
Miles
Mischief
Mistakes
Models
Monkeys
Morals
Mosquitoes
Mountains
Mice

MEANINGS
K.a, pertandingan
Murah hati
Mil
Kejahatan
Kesalahan
Peragawati,model
Kera
Moral
Nyamuk
Gunung
Tikus

SINGULAR
Shade
Self
Sheep
Shoe
-Side
Sister
Situation
Sketch
Skill
Snare

PLURAL
Shades
Selves
Sheep
Shoes
Shorts
Sites
Sisters
Situations
Sketches
Skills
Snares

MEANINGS
Naungan, tirai
Diri
Domba, biri biri
Sepatu
Celana pendek/dlm
Pinggang
Adik/kakak pr
Situasi, keadaan
Bag, uraian ringkas
Kecakapan, ketram
Jerat, perangkap
94

95

Mousetrap
Movement
Mystery
Myth
Nation
Nephew
Nest
News
Night
Norm
Notice
Occupation
Office
Order
Ox
Passer by
-Photo
Piano
Poet
Point
-Potato
--Quarrel
-Quantity
Radio
Reason
Reef
River
Roof
Rubbish
Safe
---

Mousetraps
Movements
Mysteries
Myths
Nations
Nephews
Nests
-Nights
Norms
Notices
Occupations
Offices
Orders
Oxen
Passers by
People
Photos
Pianos
Poets
Points
Police
Potatoes
Premises
Pajamas
Quarrels
Quarters
Quantities
Radios
Reasons
Reefs
Rivers
Roofs
-Safes
Scenery
Scissors

Perangkap tikus
Gerak gerik, bab
Kegaiban, misteri
Dongeng
Bangsa
Kemenakan laki 2
Sarang, petaranga
Berita
Malam,
Norma
Pengumuman
Pekerjaan, jabata
Kantor, jabatan
Pesanan, perintah
Lembu jantan
Orang yg lewat
Orang orang
Foto
Piano
Penyair
Ujung, titik, biji
Polisi
Kentang
Dasar pikiran, als
Piyama
Perselisihan
Perempat, 3 bln
Kwalitas
Radio
Alasan.
Batu,, gosong kr
Sungai
Atap, langit langit
Sampah
Peti besi, aman
Pemandangan,dk
Gunting

Son
Son in law
Sorrow
Source
-Splash
Stadium
-State
-Step son
Story
Storm
Study
Success
-Tart
Teacher
Team
Thief
Thought
Tiger
Tomato
Tool
Tooth
Trap
Trick
Triumph
-Uncle
Utility
Valley
Wave
Way
Wife
Wolf
Woman

Sons
Sons in law
Sorrows
Sources
Spectacles
Splashes
Stadiums
Staff
States
Statistics
Step sons
Stories
Storms
Studies
Successes
Surrounding
Tarts
Teachers
Teams
Thieves
Thoughts
Tigers
Tomatoes
Tools
Teeth
Traps
Tricks
Triumphs
Trousers
Uncles
Utilizes
Valleys
Waves
Ways
Wives
Wolves
Women

Anak laki laki

Menantu laki laki
Duka cita, penderit
Sumber, mata air
Kaca mata, tontona
Cemplungan
Stadion, gelanggan
Staf
Negara bag, Negara
Statistic
Anak tiri laki laki
Ceritera, riwayat
Badai, angina topan
Pelajaran, penyelidi
Sukses, kberhasilan
Keadaan sekeliling
Kue tarcis
Guru
Regu, rombongan
Pencurian, kemalin
Fikiran, gagasan
Harimau
Tomat
Alat, peralatan
Gigi
Perangkap, lekukan
Akal, muslihat
Kemenangan, hasil
Celana panjang
Paman
Keperluan, kegunaa
Lembah
Keriting, gelomban
Jalan, cara
Isteri
Serigala, buaya lk
Wanita

Sdm 5/30/2005 2:32:18 AM

POSITIVE
Acceptable
Attractive
Bad
Beautiful
Big
Careful
Choosy
Clever
Comfortable
Cold
Courageous
Dangerous

3. COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
MEANINGS
More
Most acceptable
Dapat diterima, pantas, cocok.
More
Most attractive
Menarik, cantik, molek
Worse
Worst
Buruk, jelek, susah, tdk enak, busuk
More
Most beautiful
Indah, cantik, elok, bagus.
Bigger
Biggest
Besar, dewasa, terkenal
More
Most careful
Berhati hati.
More
Most choosy
Cerewet, rewel.
More
Most clever
Pantai, pintar, cakap, cekatan.
More
Most comfortable Menyenangkan, senang, enak
Colder
Coldest
Dingin, masuk angina, jauh, pinsan.
More
Most courageous Berani.
More
Most dangerous
Berbahaya, membahayakan.
95

96

Dark
Disastrous
Distant
Easy
Energetic
Enjoyable
Famous
Far (d /thing)
Far (distance)
Favorable
Forgetful
Fortunate
Friendly
Gentle
Glorious
Good
Harmful
Healthy
Helpful
Hot
Interesting
Kind
Large
Little
Long
Loveable
Luxuries
Many/much
Marvelous
Mischievous
Natural
Noisy
Obedient
Old (p/thing)
Old (people)
Patient
Pleasant
Pretty
Proud
Reasonable
Rich
Sensible

Darker
More
More
Easier
More
More
More
Further
Farther
More
More
More
More
Gentler
More
Better
More
More
More
Hotter
More interesting
Kinder
Larger
Less
Longer
More
More
More
More
More
More
More
More
Older
Elder
More
More pleasant
Prettier
Prouder
More reasonable
Richer
More sensible

Darkest
Most disastrous
Most distant
Easiest
Most energetic
Most enjoyable
Most famous
Furthest
Farthest
Most favorable
Most forgetful
Most fortunate
Most friendly
Gentlest
Most glorious
Best
Most harmful
Most healthy
Most helpful
Hottest
Most interesting
Kindest
Largest
Least
Longest
Most loveable
Most luxurious
Most
Most marvelous
Most mischievous
Most natural
Most noisy
Most obedient
Oldest
Eldest
Most patient.
Most pleasant
Prettiest
Proudest
Most reasonable
Richest
Most sensible

Kegelapan, tua seram, gelap.

Yg mendatangkan mala petaka.
Jauh, tidak ramah.
Mudah, gampang, empuk, murah.
Giat, penuh semangat bekerja/kerja.
Yg menyenangkan, nikmat.
Terkenal, termasyhur, tersohor.
Jauh, luas.
Jauh.
Baik, menyenangkan, menguntungk
Pelupa.
Untung.
Ramah.
Lemah lembut, jinak, sepoi sepoi.
Mulia, agung, meriah, gl gemilang
Kebaikan, baik, enak, sedap, pintar.
Berbahaya.
Sehat
Suka menolong,berguna, bermanfaat
Panas, hebat, pedas
Menarik hati.
Macam, baik hati, sayang, peramah
Besar, luas, besar besaran.
Sedikit, kecil.
Panjang, lama.
Yg menimbulkan sayang, memikat.
Kemewahan, barang mewah.
Banyak.
Bagus sekali, yg mengagumkan.
Nakal, merecok, jahat.
Wajar, alamiah, dasar, kebiasaan.
Rebut, gaduh, sangat ramai.
Patuh, taat, penurut.
Dahulu kala, tua, lama, kuno.
Lebih tua, senior.
Sabar, panjang usus.
Menyenangkan, sedap.
Cantik, motek , manis.
Bangga, angkuh, membanggakan ht
Layak, pantas, masuk akal.
Kaya, subur, menggemukan, penuh.
Berfikiran sehat, bijaksana, pantas.

Sdm 30 May 2005 3:01:17 AM

POSITIVE
Shady
Small
Strong
Studios
Successful
Talkative
Tall
Thoughtful
United
Useful
Valuable
Wise
Young

COMPARATIVE
Shadier
Smaller
Stronger
More studios
More successful
More talkative
Taller
More thoughtful
More united
More useful
More valuable
Wiser
Younger

SUPERLATIVE
Shadiest
Smallest
Strongest
Most studious
Most successful
Most talkative
Tallest
Most thoughtful
Most united
Most useful
Most valuable
Wisest
Youngest

MEANINGS
Teduh, rindang.
Kecil, ringan, remeh, picik.
Kuat, keras, yakin, bersemangat, hitam pk
Studio, sanggar.
Berhasil.
Suka berbicara, banyak bicara.
Jangkung, tinggi.
Tenggang hati, bijaksana, berfikir.
Bersatu
Berguna, bermanfaat, berfaedah.
Berharga
Cara, bijaksana.
Muda, anak, masih baru.
96

97

MASCULINE
Actor
Author
Bachelor
Barman
Bear
Billy goat
Boar
Boy
Bridegroom
Brother
Buck
Bull / ox
Bullock
Cob / swan
Cock
Colt
Conductor
Count
Czar
Dog
Drake
Drone
Duke
Emperor
Father
Fianc
Fox
Nephew
Peacock
Peregrine
Poet
Priest
Prince
Prophet
Proprietor
Ram
Shepherd
Sir
Son

4. G E N D E R
MEANINGS
FEMININE
Pemain, pelaku pria film/sdw
Pengarang, penulis.
Sarjana muda, jejaka, bujanga
Pelayan laki laki bar
Beruang jantan
Bandot, kambing jantan.
Babi, boar wild = babi hutan.
Anak laki laki.
Pengantin laki laki.
Kakak/adik laki laki.
Rusa jantan.
Sapi/lembu jantan.
Banteng / sapi jantan.
Angsa jantan
Ayam jantan
Anak kuda jantan
Pemimpin orkes laki laki.
Pangeran.
Kaisar, raja.
Anjing
Bebek / itik jantan.
Lebah
Pria bangsawan
Kaisar
Ayah
Tunangan laki laki.
Rubah jantan
Kemenakan laki laki.
Merak jantan
Burung elang jantan.
Penyair, penyajak.
Kyai, imam, pendeta.
Pangeran
Nabi / Rosul
Pemilik
Biri biri jantan.
Penggembala
Tuan
Anak laki laki.

Actress
Authoress
Spinster
Barmaid
She bear
Nanny goat
Sow
Girl
Bride
Sister
Doe
Cow
Heifer
Pen
Hen
Filly
Conductress
Countess
Czarina
Bitch
Duck
Bee
Duchess
Empress
Mother
Fiance
Vixen
Niece
Peahen
Falcon
Poetess
Priestess
Princess
Prophetess
Proprietress
Ewe
Shepherdess
Madam
Daughter

MEANINGS
Pemain, pelaku wnt film
Pengarang/penulis wanita.
Perawan / gadis tua.
Pelayan bar wanita.
Beruang betina
Kambing betina.
Babi betina
Gadis
Pengantin perempuan.
Adik/kakak perempuan
Rusa baetina
Sapi betina
Sapi yg tak punya tanduk
Angsa betina
Ayam betina
Anak kuda betina
Pemimpin orkes perempuan
Pangeran wanita.
Kaisar wanita
Anjing betina
Bebek betina
Lebah betina
Wanita bangsawan.
Kaisar wnt, istri/janda kaisar
Ibu
Tunangan perrempuan
Rubah betina
Kemenakan perempuan
Merak betina
Burung elang betina
Penyair wanita
Pendeta wanita
Puteri
Nabi / Rosul (wanita)
Pemilik (wanita)
Biri biri betina
Penggembala (wanita)
Nyonya, nona.
Anak perempuan.

Sdm Monday, May 30, 2005 3:38:12 AM

MACULINE
Gander
Gentleman
god
Hawk
He goat
Headmaster
Heir
Hero
Horse
Host
Husband
Instructor
Jack ass

MEANINGS
Angsa jantan
Tuan, saudara, orang pria.
Dewa
Burung elang jantan
Kambing jantan
Kepala sekolah pria
Ahli waris.
Pahlawan
Kuda jantan
Tuan rumah
Suami
Instruktur, guru, pelatih.
Keledai jantan, orang bodoh

FEMININE
Goose
Lady
goddess
Bowes
She goat
Headmistress
Heiress
Heroine
Mare
Hostess
Wife
Instructress
Jenny ass

MEANINGS
Angsa betina
Wanita, nyonya.
Dewi
Burung elang betina
Kambing betina
Kepala sekolah wanita.
Ahli waris wanita
Pahlawati
Kuda baetina
Nyonya rumah
Isteri
Guru/pelatih wanita
Keledai betina
97

98

King
Lad
Landlord
Lion
Lord
Male
Man
Manager
Master
Mayor
Milkman
Millionaire
Monk
Murderer
Stallion
Stag
Steward
Sultan
Tiger
Tom cat
Uncle
Waiter
Widower
Wizard
Wolf

Raja
Pemuda
Tuan tanah, pemilik pondokan
Singa
Bangsawan
Jantan, pria. Orang laki laki.
Orang laki laki
Manager,pimpinan usaha/persh
Tuan rumah, pemilik
Walikota
Tukang/pengantar susu
Jutawan
Rahib, biarawan
Pembunuh
Kuda jantan
Rusa jantan
Pelayan, pramugara
Sultan
Harimau
Kucing jantan
Paman
Pelayan
Duda
Ahli sihir, jagoan.
Serigala

Queen
Lass
Landlady
Lioness
Lady
Female
Woman
Manageress
Mistress
Mayoress
Milkmaid
Millionaires
Nun
Murderess
Mare
Hind
Stewardess
Sultana
Tigress
Tabby cat
Aunt
Waitress
Widow
Witch
She wolf

Ratu
Pemudi
Wanita pemilik penginapan
Singa betina
Wanita, nyonya.
Wanita, perempuan
Wanita
Wanita pimpinan usaha
Nyonya rumah
Istri walikota
Pemerah/pengantar susu.
Jutawati
Biarawati
Wanita pembunuh
Kuda betina
Rusa betina
Pramugari
Istri sultan
Harimau betina
Kucing betina
Bibi
Wanita pelayan
Janda
Wanita ahli sihir
Serigala betina.

Able
Above
Abroad
Absent
Abstract
Abundance
Accept
Active
Accurate
Acquit
Admiration
Admit
Adult
Advance
Advantage
Adversity
Afraid

5. A n t o n y m s
Dapat, bisa, cakap, sanggup
Unable
Atas.diatas.
Below
Luar negeri, tersiar, tersebar.
Home
Tak hadir,, pelupa, mengelamun
Present
Abstrak, mujarab
Concrete
Kelimpahan, berlimpah limpah
Scarcity
Menerima,menyetujui,mengabulk Refuse/decline
Aktif, gesit, giat, bersemangat
Passive
Teliti, cermat, seksama, tepat.
Inaccurate
Membebaskan, bertingkah laku.
Convict
Kekaguman, takjub, kebanggaan Contempt
Mengakui, mengaku, menerima
Deny
Dewasa, akil balikh.
Child
Kemajuan, kenaikan, persekot.
Retreat
Keuntungan, mempergunakan ks Disadvantage
Kesengsaraan, kemalangan.
Good fortune
Takut, ketakutan, kuatir.
Brave

Against
Agree
Alert
Alike

Pada, untuk, terhadap.

Setuju, akur, sependapat.
Sinyal, tajam, perhatian, waspada
Sama, serupa, mirip

Alive
All
Alleviate
Allow
Alone
Always
Amateur
Ancestor
Ancient

Hidup, riang, gembira, lincah

Semua
Mengurangi, meredakan.
Mengijinkan, memenuhi
Sendiri
Selalu
Amatir,pek sso yg tdk begt baik
Nenek moyang, datuk, leluhur.
Kuno, purbakala.

For
Disagree
Asleep
Different/
dissimilar
Dead
None
Aggravate
Disallow
Together
Never
Professional
Descendant
Modern

Tak dapat / sanggup

Dibawah.
Rumah, kampong halaman
Hadir
Kongkrit.
Kekurangan, kejarangan food
Menolak, tdk menuruti.
Pasif, tidak giat.
Tidak saksama, tidak teliti.
Menghukum, narapidana.
Jijik.
Menyangkal, meniadakan
Anak
Mundur, tempat pengasingan
Kerugian, tdk menguntungka
Nasib baik, untung.
Berani,

Untuk, bagi, selama, ke, karena

Tdk cocok, membantah, berselisih
Tidur, semutan, tdk sadar, macet
Tidak sama, berbeda, berlainan
Tidak sama, tidak cocok, berbeda
Mati, meninggal, padam, putus
Tak seorangpun/satupun
Menjengkelkan, menyakiti hati.
Menolak
Bersama sama
Tak pernah
Ahli, pemain bayaran, berdskan jbt
Keturunan, anak cucu.
Modern
98

99

Appoint
Appear
Appreciate
Approach
Approve
Arm
Arrest
Arrive
Artificial
Ascend
Ask
Assemble
Assist
Attach
Attack
Aware
Awful
Baby
Bad
Bare
Barren
Beautiful
Before
Begin
Behave
Behind
Believe
Below
Beneficial
Bend
Better
Best
Birth
Black
Bitter
Bless
Blunt
Boil
Bold
Bore
Borrow
Bravely
Bright
Broad
Brother

Build
Burn
Busy
Calm
Capture
Care
Catch
Cautious
Celebrated
Certain
Chaos
Cheap

Mengangkat,menunjuk.menentuk Discharge
Kelihatan, menghadap, muncul
Disappear
/vanish
Menghargai, menilai, mengerti
depreciate
Pendekatan,mendekatnya,tibanya Retreat
Menyetujui, setuju.
Disapprove
Lengan, tangan, memperlengkapi Disarm
Penangkapan,menahan,menawan Release
Tiba di, datang, mencapai
Depart
Bikinan, tiruan
Genuine
Naik, mendaki
Descend
Menanyakan kpd, meminta
Answer
Memasang, berkumpul
Disperse
Bantuan, membantu, menolong.
Hinder
Melampirkan, memberikan
Detach
Serangan,menyerang, memecahk Retreat
Tahu, sadar (akan), mengetahui
Unaware
Mengerikan, dahsyat, hebat
Terrific
Bayi, orok, bermuka seperti bayi Adult
Jahat, buruk, busuk, tdk enak
Good
Gundul, kosong, nyata, terang, tlj Occupied
Tandus, gundul, mandul.
Fertile
Indah,cantik, motek.
Ugly
Sebelum, lebih dhl, duluan
After
Memulai, mulai, pertama tama.
End/cease
Berkelakuan, berjalan
Misbehave
Pantat, di/ke belakang, ketinggal In front
Percaya
Disbelieve
Di / ke bawah
Above
Bermanfaat
Harmful
Belokan, berliku, menekuk
Straight
Lebih baik
Worse
Paling baik, terbaik, paling enak. Worst
Kelahiran, timbulnya
Death
O hitam, hitam, menyedihkan
White
Pahit, tdk enak, sengit, dingin.
Sweet
Menyenangkan, berkah, untung
Curse
Tumpul, kasar, berterus terang
Sharp
Bisul, borok, mendidih, panas skl Freeze
Berani, tegas, hebat.
Timid
Jemu, bosan, o yg membosankan Interest
Meminjam
Lend
Dg berani
Cowardly
Cemerlang, cerdas, gembira
Dull/
dark
Lebar, luas, besar, kasar.
Narrow
Kakak/adik laki laki
Sister

Membangun, mendirikan
Luka terbakar, membkr,hangus
Sibuk,ramai,bicara,menyibukan
Reda, tenang, menenangkan
Pe/menangkap(an), merebut
Perawatan, perhatian, asuhan
Pegangan, kaitan, menangkap
Berhati hati
Ternama, terkenal, kenamaan
Pasti, tentu, memang, beberapa
Kekacau balauan, kalang kabut
Murah, rendah, malu

Destroy
Extinguish
Idle
Rough
Release
Neglect
Throw
Reckless
Unknown
Uncertain
Order
Dear/

Pemecatan, penembakan, kotoran

Hilang, menghilang
Lenyap, menghilang.
Menurun/jatuh harganya.
Mundurnya(of troop), mundur
Mencela, tdk menyetujui.
Melucuti senjata
Pembebasan,melepaskan, srt bebas
Meninggal,berangkat,menyimpang
Sejati, asli, tulen, ikhlas, sungguh2
Turun,merendahkan diri
Jawaban, sahutan, menjawab
Membubarkan,bubar,mengedarkan
Menghalangi, menganggu,
Menyobek, melepaskan (gerobak)
Mundurnya, mundur
Tak sadar, tak menyadari akan.
Hebat, dahsyat, amat menakutkan
Dewasa, akil balikh
Kebaikan, kebajikan, baik, pintar
Menempati, sibuk, mengisi (wkt lg
Subur, yg dibuahi.
Jelek, buruk, parah, tak pantas
Kemudian,ssd itu, sama dg, seperti
Akhir, ujung, tujuan, berhenti.
Berbuat jahat, berlaku tak pantas
Dimuka, didepan, dihadapan
Tak percaya
Yg pantas, tsb diatas, diatas, sulit
Berbahaya, membahayakan
Lurus, jujur, langsung, terus
Lebih/bertambah buruk/jelek/jahat
Yg pl buruk/jahat, yg terburuk
Kematian, ajal, maut
Putih, menjadi pucat
Manis, gula gula, enak, baik hati
Kutukan, sumpah, mengutuk
Tajam, cerdik, runcing, mancung
Pembekuan,penyetopan, membeku
Takut takut, malu malu, takut
Perhatian/minat,bunga,kepentingan
Meminjamkan,meminjami,memberi
Secara pengecut
Tumpul, sepi, pudar, menjemukan
Kegelapan, gelap, tua, suram
Sempit, terbatas, seksama, tipis
Saudara /adik/kakak perempuan

Memusnakan, menghancurkan
Memadamkan, mematikan
Ber malas2an, tdk jln, nganggur
Kasar, kesat, buruk, berat
Pembebasan, membebaskan
Kelalaian, mengabaikan
Lemparan,melemparkan,kain pnt
Nekat,berani,ugal2an, sembrono
Tdk tahu/mengenal, tak dikenal
Tak tentu/pasti.
Perintah, pesanan, tt tertib, acara
Kekasih, sayang, berharga, mahal
99

100

expensive
Riang, gembira, menyenangkan Cheerless
Cheerful
Bersih, halal, membersihkan
Dirty
Clean
Terang, cerah, jelas, bersih, ks
Vague
Clear
Pandai, cakap, cekatan, pintar
Foolish
Clever
Puncak,menjadi pc kegembiraa
Anticlimax
Climax
Janggal, kikuk, kagok
Graceful
Clumsy
Mendung, suram, kabur, keruh
Clear
Cloudy
Kasar, kesat, mentah
Fine
Coarse
Membujuk, bujukan
Force
Coax
Dingin, pilek, masuk angina
Hot
Cold
Mengumpulkan, menampung
Disperse
Collect
Warna, corak, rona, mewarnai
Colorless
Color
Kesenangan, btuan, menghibur
Discomfort
Comfort
Menyenangkan, senang, enak
Uncomfortable
Comfortable Pelawak, komik,yg bersif gemb Tragic
Comic
Memulai
Stop/end
Commence Biasa, lazim, umum, kasar
Uncommon
Common
Lengkap, menyelesaikan, m isi
Incomplete
Complete
Pujian,salam,mengucapkan slm Criticize
Compliment Wajib, diwajibkan
Voluntary
Compulsory Perht, keprihatian, menyangkut
Unconcern
Concern
Menghubungkan, memasang
Disconnect
Connect
Menyembuyikan (pistol)
Reveal
Conceal
Rahasia. C report laporan rhs
Open
Confidential Kebingungan, kekacauan.
Order
Confusion
Menaklukan, membasmi
Surrender
Conquer
Sadar, disengaja.
Unconscious
Conscious
Mempertimbangkan,memikirkan Disregard
Consider
Baik budi, penuh perhatian
Thoughtless
Considerate Isi, daya muat, kadar, muatan
Discontent
Content
Meneruskan, berjalan terus
Discontinue
Continue
Negara, pedalaman, tanah air
City
Country
Kesejukan, dingin, tipis
Warm
Cool
Benar, tepat, membetulkan
Incorrect
Correct
Tutup, penutup,sampul, meliputi Reveal
Cover
Kejam, bengis, lalim
Kind
Cruel
Teriakan,jeritan,pekik, menangis Laugh
Cry
Dpt menyembuhkan penyakit
Incurable
Curable
Kriting, berombak
Straight
Curly
Harian, tiap hari, sehari hari
Nightly
Daily
Gas, kabut, lembah, basah
Dry
Damp
Bahaya
Safety
Danger
Berbahaya, membahayakan
Safe
Dangerous
Kegelapan, gelap, tua, suram
Bright
Dark
Subuh, fajar, menyingsing
Dusk
Dawn
Kks, terhormat, berharga, mahal Cheap
Dear
Mati, padam, berkeras hati
Alive
Dead
SDM 6/4/2005 9:50:05 PM

Mahal.
Sedih, tanpa kegembiraan, suram
Kotor, dekil, busuk, serong
Tdk jelas, samara samara
Bodoh, nekat, tolol
Antiklimak
Lemah gemulai, anggun
Terang, cerah,encer, bersih,kosong
Denda, bagus, runcing, halus, baik
Keuatan, tenaga, gaya, memaksa
Panas,hebat,pedas,sulit, enak,muju
Membubarkan,bubar,mengedarkan
Tanpa warna, tak menarik
Kegelisahan, ketidak senangan
Merasa tak enak
Tragis
Setopan, berhenti, berakhir, akhir
Luar biasa
Tidak lengkap/sempurna.
Mencela, mengecam, mengupas
Sukarela, sengaja, fakultatif
Lega hati, tak peduli, tak ambil ps
Melepaskan,mencopot,memutuskan
Menyatakan,membuka,menampakn
Luar, terbuka, buka, lepas, bebas
Perintah, pesanan, urutan, tt tertib
Penyerahan, menyerah, melepaskan
Bawah sadar, pinsan, tak sadarkan
Sk acuh tak acuh,tdk menghiraukan
Tak dipikirkan
Perasaan tak senang, ketdk puasan
Menghentikan, memutuskan
Kota (besar)
Panas, hangat, peramah, dekat
Tdk benar/tepat, salah.
Menyatakan, mengungkapkan
Macam,baik ht, manis, sy, peramah
Tertawa, gelak, tertawaan
Tdk dpt disembuhkan, tak tersembk
Lurus, jujur, terus, langsung
Tiap malam
Kr, membosankan, haus, mengusap
Keselamatan, keamanan
Peti besi, aman, selamat, kuat, hati2
Cerdas, ceml, ringan,terang,bijaksn
Petang, menjelang malam
Murah, rendah, malu
Riang, gembira, lincah, penuh, aktif

Debtor
Decent
Decisive
Deep
Demand
Dense
Dependent
Deposit
Depth
Destroy
Different

Orang yg memberi pinjaman

Tidak senonoh.
Bimbang,tdk tegas/pasti,ragu
Teguk, burung ly ly, menelan
Tawaran, saran, menawari
Tipis, lemah, encer,kurus, jrg
Merdeka, sendiri, bebas.
Pengambilan kembali
Tinggi, puncak.
Menciptakan, menimbulkan
Serupa, mirip,dg cr yg sama

Orang yg berdosa/berhutang
Sopan, patut, layak, baik, pantas
Menentukan, tegas
Dlm, mendlm, tinggi, jauh
Permintaan, meminta, menuntut
Tebal,padat, bodoh, sesak, penuh
Tanggungan, bergantung
Deposito,setoran,mendepositokan
Dlm, kedlman, lebar, tengah2
Memusnakan, menghancurkan
Tidak sama, berlainan

Creditor
Indecent
Indecisive
Swallow
Offer
Thin
Independent
Withdrawal
Height
Create
Similar

100

101

Difficult
Diligent
Dim
Direct
Dirty
Disciplined
Disgrace
Distant
Distinct
Divide
Do
Doubtful
Down
Drain
Drink
Drop
Drunk
Dry
Dwarf
Early
Earth
East
Ebb
Edge
Effect
Efficient
Elementary
Emerge
Employ
Employer
Empty
Emigrant
Encourage
Enemy
Engage
Equal
Equality
Everywhere
Excess
Exclude
Excuse
Expel
Extend
Exterior
Exit
Expand
Expensive
Experience

Sukar, sulit, payah

Rajin, tekun
Suram,mengurangkan, mengedim
Langsung, mengatur,menunjukan
Kotor, dekil, kotor, cabul, busuk
Disiplin, ketertiban, menertibkan
Tdk setuju/cocok, membantah
Jauh, tidak ramah
Terang jelas, nyata, berbeda
Pembagi, membagi, bercabang
Mengerjakan, lari, menempuh
Sangsi, ragu ragu.
Isi btl,(yg) turun, datang, murung
Saluran, pipa, mengeringkan.
Minuman, minum
Tetes, penurunan, menjatuhkan
Mabuk, pemabuk
Kering, haus, mengeringkan
Kecil, menyebabkan menjd kecil
Lekas, muda, pagi pagi
Tanah, dunia, bumi
Timur
Air surut, surut, berkurang.
Tepi, tebing , memberi pinggir
Pengaruh, akibat, menyebabkan
Tepatguna, berdaya guna, efisien
Dasar. E school = sekolah dasar
Muncul, timbul
Memperkerjakan, memakai
Majikan, induk semang.
Kosong, hampa, menuangkan
Emigrant
Membesarkan hati, mendorong.
Musuh, lawan
Memesan, menyewa, mengajak
Sama (dng), sederajat, menyamai
Persamaan (hak)
Dimana mana
Kelebihan, kewalahan.
Mengeluarkan, melarang masuk
Memaafkan,pernyataan menyesal
Mengeluarkan, memaksa keluar
Memperpanjang, memperluas
Bag luar, lahirnya, luar.
Ada, hidup
Memperluas,meluas,mengembang
Mahal
(Ber)pengalaman, mengalami

Easy
Lazy
Bright
Indirect
Clean
Undisciplined
Honor
Near
Vague
Multiply
Undo
Doubtless
Up
Fill
Eat
Rise
Sober
Wet
Giant
Late
Sea
West
Flow
Centre
Cause
Inefficient
Advanced
Submerge
Dismiss
Employee
Full
Immigrant
Discourage
Friend
Dismiss
Unequal
Inequality
Nowhere
Shortage
Include
Blame
Admit
Shorten
Interior
Entrance
Contract
Inexpensive
Inexperience

Mudah, enteng, empuk

Malas
Cemerlang, cerdas, terang
Tidak langsung
Bersih, halal, membersihkan
Tidak disiplin
Kehormatan, menghormati
Dekat, mendekati, menjelang
Samar samara, tidak jelas
Mengalikan, membiak
Melepaskan, terlepas, mbuka
Pasti, yakin.
Jujur, ikhlas, naik, keatas
Mengisi, memenuhi, terisi
Makan, makanan, merusak
Kenaikan, naik, tanjakan
Seadanya, waras, tak mabuk
Kebasahan, basah, membasai
Raksasa,tokoh bsr,besar skl
Terlambat, almarhum, bekas
Laut
Barat, bag barat
Aliran, arus, iring iringan
Pusat
Sebab, penyebab, alasan
Tdk tepatguna, tak cakap
Kemajuan, kenaikan, dimuka
Menyelam, merendamkan
Membebaskan,membubarkan
Pegawai, pekerja, karyawan
Penuh, lengkap, kenyang
Imigran, pendatang
Mengecilkan hati.
Teman, sahabat, kawan
Membebaskan,membubarkan
Sama, sederajat, menyamai
Ketidaksamaan
Tidak dimanapun juga
Kekurangan, ketekoran
Memasukan
Kesalahan, menyalahkan
Mengakui, menerima,berlaku
Memendekan, penyusutan
Bag dlm, pedalaman, dalam
Pintu masuk, penerimaan
Kontrak, menyingkatkan
Tidak mahal
Kurang pengalaman

Sdm 5/30/2005 2:13:53 PM

Explode
External
Extravagance
Fail
Failure
Fair
False
Familiar
Famine
Famous

Meledakan, meledak, marah skl

Luar, luar negeri
Pemborosan, yg ber lebih2an
Gagal/jatuh dlm, lalai, lupa
Kegagalan, kerusakan,gangguan
Terang, adil, cukup,wajar,cantik
Palsu, bohong, tdk benar
Terkenal, dikenal, akrab.
Kelaparan
Terkenal, termashur, kenamaan

Implode
Internal
Thrift
Pass/succeed
Success
Unfair/dark
True
Strange
Glut
Unknown

Runtuh dg hebat
Bagian dalam, dalam
Hemat,penghematan,berhemat
Lulus,melewati/ menggantikan
Sukses,hasil baik, keberhasilan
Curang, secara tak wjr, suram
Benar, betul, sejati, setia, pas
Aneh, ganjil, yg tak dikenal
Persediaan yg melimpah limpah
Tak dikenal
101

102

Far
Fast
Fat
Fearful
Feeble
Few
Fierce
Find
Finish
First
Flat
Float
Floor
Fold
Folly
Foolish
Forbid
Foreign
Forget
Former
Forward
Fresh
Friendly
Funny
Futile
Gain
Gather
Generous
Gentle
Giant
Give
Glad
Graceful
Grateful
Great
Great
Greedy
Grow
Guilty
Halt
Hard
Harmful
Harvest
Hatred
Haughty
Healthy
Heavy
Heed
Height
Help
Helpful

Hide
High
Hill
Hold
Hollow
Home
Honest
Hope
Hopeful

Jauh, luas
(Ber)puasa, cepat, teguh, karib
Gemuk, banyak, besar, lemak
Takut, menakutkan
Lemah, sayup, suram, remang2
Sedikit, beberapa
Sengit, hebat, dahsyat, galak
Penemuan, menemukan, melihat
Akhir, penghabisan, selesai
Hadiah/yg pertama, dulu(an)
Datar, rata, ceper, kempis, tepat
Pelampung,terapung,mengapung
Lantai, tingkat, dasar, melantai
Lipatan, melipat, membungkus
Kebodohan, ketololan
Bodoh, nekat, tolol
Melarang, yang terlarang
Ln, asing, yg datang dari luar
Lupa, melupakan
Yg terlebih dhl, yg tadi, bekas
Muka, depan, lancang, maju kdp
Segar, hangat, baru
Ramah (tamah)
Lucu
Gagal
Keuntungan, tambahan, dapat
Mmungut,mengumpulkan,mmlk
Bmurah ht, dermawan,bnyak skl
Lemah lembut, jinak, ramah
Besar sekali,tokoh besar,raksasa
Memberi, menyumbangkan
Senang hati, gembira
Lemah gemulai, anggun
Berterima kasih
Jago,besar,agung, hebat, tinggi
Terkenal, termasyhur, baik
Tamak, loba, rakus, lahap
Menanam, memelihara, tumbuh
Bersalah
Perhentian,penghentian,berhenti
Keras, sukar, susah, lebat, dlm2
Berbahaya, membahayakan
Panen, memungut hasil panen
Kebencian, rasa benci
Sombong, angkuh, tinggi hati
Sehat.
Berat, padat, tebal, keras, kasar
Perhatian, memperhatikan
Tinggi, puncak
Pertolongan, menolong, bantuan
Suka menolong, bermanfaat

Menyembunyikan, bersembunyi
Tinggi, top
Bukit
Memegang, menarik,mengendon
Lembah, berlubang
Rumah, kampong halaman, panti
Jujur, lurus hati
Harapan, berharap, mengharap
Penuh harapan

Near
Slow
Thin/lean
Fearless
Strong
Many
Tame
Lose
Start
Last
Curved
Sink
Ceiling
Unfold
Wisdom
Wise
Permit
Local
Remember
Latter
Backward
Stale
Unfriendly
Staid
Worthwhile
Lose
Scatter
Selfish
Rough
Dwarf
Take
Sorry
Clumsy
Ungrateful
Small
Unknown
Generous
Stunted
Innocent
Proceed
Soft
Harmless
Sow
Love
Humble
Unhealthy
Light
Ignore
Depth
Hinder
Helpless

Show
Low
Valley
Release
Solid
Abroad
Dishonest
Despair
Hopeless

Dekat, mendekati, menjelang

Lambat,lemah,lamban, terlambat
Kurus, menyandarkan, lemah
Tidak takut/gentar
Kuat, keras, bersemangat, yakin
Banyak, mabuk, persegi banyak
Jinak, lemah, menjinakan
Kehilangan, kalah,hilang,yg sia2
Awal, permulaan, kesempatan
Penghabisan, terakhir, bertahan
Tikungan, liku, garis, membelok
Bak cuci(piring), tenggelam
Langit2, plafon, bts/gaji tertinggi
Membuka, terhampar,terbentang
Kebijaksanaan, kearifan
Cara, bijaksana, arif
Surat izin, mengizinkan
Setempat, local, daerah
Mengingat,menyampaikan salam
Akhir, yg belakangan/terakhir
Terbelakang, miskin, terbalik
Basi,apak,pengap,membosankan
Tak (pe)ramah
Tenang dan serius
Berfaedah, berguna, bermanfaat
Kehilangan, hilang, kalah, menjd
Menyebar, menabur, ter-pencar2
Egois, mementingkan diri sendir
Kasar, berat, buruk, secara kasar
Kecil, menyebabkan menjd kecil
Mengambil, menerima, menuruti
Menyesal, menyedihkan, maaf
Janggal, kagok, kikuk
Tak berterima kasih (for atas)
Kecil, ringan, remeh, sederhana
Tak dikenal
Bermurah hati, dermawan
Terbantut, terhalang,pertunjukan
Tak bersalah/berdosa
Hasil,maju,meneruskan,memulai
Lembek, lunak, lemah, empuk
Tak berbahaya
Menaburkan, menyebarkan
Cinta,asmara,mencintai, cinta pd
Sederhana, rendah hati
Tak sehat
Cahaya, lampu, api, menyalakan
Mengabaikan, tdk ambil peduli
Dlm, kedlman, lebah, tengah 2
Menghalangi, menganggu
Tanpa pertolongan/bantuan

Pameran, tontonan, menunjukan

Rendah, murah, sedikit, dasar
Lembah
Plepasan, melepaskan,menyiark
Padat,kokoh,mendlm,keras, kuat
Luar negeri, dg luas, tersebar
Tidak jujur
Keputusasaan, hilang harapan
Tdk ada harapan, putus asa, sia2
102

103

Tuan rumah, rombongan besar

Guest
Sangat besar, sangat banyak
Small
Manusia, bersifat manusia.
Inhuman
Sederhana, rendah hati.
Proud
Lapar
Full
Pemburu, penggemar
Hunted
Buru 2,bergegas,mempercepat
Loiter
Sakit, penyakit, tdk enak badan
Well
Menerangi, mnyinari, memperjls Darken
Khayalan, imajiner
Real
Memberi, menanamkan (ilmu p) Withhold
Mendatangkan br dari luar negeri Export
Memperbaiki, bertambah baik
Worsen
Memasukan.
Exclude
Penghasilan, pendapatan
Expenditure
Kenaikan, meningkat, naik
Decrease
Tdk tertarik, biasa saja, acuh
Interested
Yg berhub dg industri
Agricultural
Bag dlm, pedalaman, dalam
Superior
Memompa(ban), membumbung
Deflate
Memberitahukan, melaporkan
Conceal
Menghirup(asap), menarik nafas Exhale
Tdk bersalah, tdk berdosa
Guilty
Menanyakan,bertanya, menyelidi Reply
Bag dlm, dlm, kedlm, dibag dlm Outside
Cerdas, pandai, pintar
Stupid
Disengaja.
Accidental
Ruwet,berbelit belit, berseluk bel Simple
Yang menarik (hati)
Dull
Perasaan, keinginan, kesibukan
Even
Ikut serta dg, berhubungan, mml Separate
Keriangan, kesenangan, keriaan
Sorrow
Muda, pelajar kls rendah di SMA Senior
Adil,pantas,baru sj, persis, hanya Unjust
Keadilan, peradilan.
Injustice
Tajam, tekun,giat, dg/secara teliti Uninterested
Menjaga, memelihara,menyimpa Throw/
Membuat ctt, turut, menunjukan
discard
Macam, baik ht, manis, peramah Unkind
Kind
(Ilmu) pengetahuan, kekuasaan
Ignorance
Knowledge Kenal (pd), tahu, mengetahui
Unknown
Known
Besar, besar besaran, luas
Small
Large
Abadi, kekal
Short lived
Lasting
Lemah, longgar, lalai
Strict
Lax
Malas
Industrious
Lazy
Mempelajar, mendengar, belajar
Illiterate
Learned
Yg paling sedikit, paling kurang
Most
Least
Menurut/ttg undang undang, sah Illegal
Legal
Dapat dibaca
Eligible
Legible
Waktu terluang
Work
Leisure
Meminjamkan, meminjami
Borrow
Lend
Panjang, lamanya, jauhnya, jarak Breadth
Length
Sdm 5/30/2005 3:17:49 PM

Tamu
Kecil, ringan, remeh, sederhana
Kejam,bengis melampui sif mns
(Dg)bangga,membanggakan hati
Penuh, lengkap, lebar, kenyang
Pemburuan
Bergelandangan, berkeliaran
Sumur, mata air, perigi, sehat
Menggelapkan, mulai gelap
Yg nyata, riil, sejati, benar benar
Menyembunyikan, tdk memberi
Mengekspor
Menjadi/membuat lebih buruk
Mengeluarkan, melarang masuk
Pengeluaran, belanja
Potongan, mengurangi (price)
Yg berkepentingan.
Pertanian
O atasan, pemimpin, tinggi
Mengempiskan (tire), menurunk
Menyebunyikan(pistol,ksedihan
Mengeluarkan/menghembuskan
Bersalah.
Jawaban, sahutan, menjawab
Sebelah luar, diluar, keluar
Bodoh, dungu, tolol
Kebetulan
Sederhana, bersahaja, biasa
Tumpul,sepi,pudar,menjemukan
Rata, datar, tetap, meratakan
Salinan, terpisah,tersendiri,putus
Dukacita,penderitaan, berdukact
O yg lebih tua/tinggi, pel klas 3
Tak adil
Ketidak adilan, hal yg tdk adil
Tak tertarik (in pada)
Lemparan, melemparkan,membr
Br br yg dibuang, membuang
Tdk enak, kasar, kejam
Ketidak tahuan, kebodohan
Tidak dikenal/diketahui
Kecil, ringan, remeh, sederhana
Hidup singkat/pendek
Keras, sempurna, tepat, teliti
Industri, rajin, getol, tekun
Buta huruf
Sbg terbesar,yg terbanyak,paling
Yg merupakan pelanggaran, liar
Dpt dipilih, memenuhi sarat
Pekerjaan, karya, mengerjakan
Meminjam
Luas, lebar, kelebaran (of a table

Lenient
Let
Level
Life
Limp
Liquid
Literate
Lively

Keras, sempurna, tepat, teliti

Menghalangi,mencegah,menjg
Curam,tinggi,merendam dl ap
Kematian,ajal,maut, spt mayat
Mayat, kku, keras, brt,kencang
B padat, kokoh, keras, kuat
Buta huruf
Tak bernyawa

Host
Huge
Human
Humble
Hungry
Hunter
Hurry
Ill
Illuminate
Imaginary
Impart
Import
Improve
Include
Income
Increase
Indifferent
Industrial
Interior
Inflate
Inform
Inhale
Innocent
Inquire
Inside
Intelligent
Intentional
Intricate
Interesting
Jagged
Join
Joy
Junior
Just
Justice
Keen
Keep

Toleran, lemah lembut, lunak

Membiarkan, mari, memperkirak
Tingkat, mutu, rata, datar,derajat
Hdp, kehdpan, jiwa, emangat
Pincang, timpang, lemas, lemah
Cairan,zat cair,yg bertng gas cair
Melek huruf, terpelajar
Lincah, baik, sibuk giat, hidup

Strict
Prevent
Steep
Death
Stiff
Solid
Illiterate
Lifeless

103

104

Load
Lock
Logical
Lonely
Loss
Love
Lovely
Loyal
Lucky
Mad
Majority
Male
Manhood
Manual
Marry
Masculine
Master
Mature
Melt
Merge
Military
Minute
Miser
Mix
Modern
Modest
Monarch
Moral
More
Mortal
Moveable
Moving
Naked
Native
Natural
Neat
Necessary
Negative
Nervous
Net
Neutral
Next
Nice
Noise
Noisy
None
North
Nutritious
Obey

Beban,muatan, memuati,mengisi
Kunci, pt air,mengunci,seikat rb
Logis
Sepi, sunyi, lenggang
Kerugian, kehilangan, korban jw
Cinta, asmara, pacar, mencintai
Bagus, menyenangkan skl, elok2
Setia (to pada)
Mujur, untung
Marah, gemar skl, gila, edan
Mayoritas, dewasa, sbg besar
Jantan, laki laki, pria
Keberanian, kedewasaan
Buku pdm, ppn tuts,kasar,tangan
Kawin,mengawini,mengawinkan
Laki laki, jantan, kelaki lakian
Tuan rumah, pemilik, menguasai
Masak, (menjadi)dewasa,
matang
Melarutkan, melebur,mencairkan
Menggabungkan, bergabung
Tentara,militer,ketentaraan ment
Orang kikir/pelit
Membuat
adonan,mencampurkan
Modern
Rendah ht,sederhana,sopan,Raja
Moral, akhlak, moril
Buahlagi,lagi,lebih,lebih banyak
Makhluk hdp, besar skl
Dpt digerakan,dpt digerakgeraka
Perpindahan
Telanjang, yg sbnnya, terhunus
Penduduk asli, asli, ibu,alam,asal
Kebiasaan,alam,dasar,wajar, asli
Rapi, murni
Kebutuhan, perlu, penting
Negative
Gelisah, gugup, takut
Jala, rajut rambut, neto, bersih
Orang/negeri yg netral, netral
Yg berikutnya, lain, disamping
Baik, enak, senang, bagus, halus
Gaduh, riuh, bunyi, menyiarkan
Rebut, gaduh, sangat ramai
Tak seorangpun/satupun
Utara
Bergizi
Mematuhi, mentaati, taat, penuh

Unload
Unlock
Illogical
Crowded
Profit/gain
Hate
Plain
Disloyal
Unlucky
Sane
Minority
Female
Childhood
Mechanical
Divorce
Feminine
Servant
Immature
Solidity
Separate
Civilian
Enormous
Spendthrift
Separate
Ancient
Vain
Subject
Immoral
Less
Immortal
Immovable
Stationary
Clothed
Foreigner
Artificial
Untidy
Unnecessary
Positive
Calm
Gross
Biased
Preceding
Nasty
Silence
Quiet
All
South
Unwholesome
Rebel
/disobey

Membongkar (mt), mencurahk

Membuka kunci, tdk dikunci
Tdk logis/masuk akal.
O banyak/ramai, b penonton
Keuntungan, tambahan, dapat
Rasa benci, membenci, td suka
Dataran,tanah datar,biasa,jelas
Tidak setia/patuh
Malang, sial, celaka, tdk mujur
Sehat ingatan, bijaksana
Minoritas, golongan kecil
Wanita, perempuan, betina
Masa kanak kanak/kecil
Spt mesin, yg berhub dg mesin
Penceraian, talak,menceraikan
Dari/yg berhub dg gadis/wnt
Bujang, pelayan, abdi
Blm matang/dewasa, masih hij
Kepadatan, kerasnya
Salinan, terpisah, memisahkan
Orang sipil/preman
Sangat besar, hebat
Pemboros
Salinan, terpisah, berpisah
Kuno, purbakala, purba
Sombong (person), sia sia
Pokok,persoalan,mtpelj/kuliah
Tdk sopan, jahat, tunasulila
Tak sebanyak,kurang,lebihsdk
Abadi
Tdk dpt dipindahkan
Tak dpt bergerak, tak berubah
Membeli sandang, berpakaian
Orang asing
Buatan, bikinan, tiruan, palsu
Tak teratur/rapi, berantakan
Tak perlu. Tak ada gunanya
Positif, tegas, pasti
Ktenangan,reda,tenang,mereda
Lusin, gros, kotor, besar, bruto
Prasangka, berat sebelah
Yg terdahulu, mendahului
Buruk,sangat tdk menyenangk
Kesunyian, mendiamkan
Ketenangan,sepi, diam, tenang
Semua
Selatan
Tak sehat (attitude, climate)
Pemberontak, pendurhaka
Tdkmematuhiperintah/peraturan

SDM 5/30/2005 3:36:10 PM

Object
Obstacle
Occasional
Odd
Often
Opaque

Benda, objek,tujuan, sasaran

Rintangan,halangan,penghambat
Sekali2, kadang kadang, berkala
Aneh,gasal,ekstra,lebihdr,terasing
Sering, kerap kali, acapkali
Tambus cahaya, buram

Approve
Aid
Frequent
Even
Seldom
Transparent

Menyetujui, setuju
Membantu , pertolongan
Sering, ber-kali2, seringkali
Rata, datar, ttp, mantap,lunas
Jarang
Jernih, tembus cahaya, jelas
104

105

Shut/close
Support
Pessimistic
Disorder
/chaos
Biasa
Extraordinary
Ordinary
/Outstanding
Pemandangan kebwh, pangling
Notice
Overlook
Kpunyaan sdr,memiliki,mngakui
Disown
Own
Prs sakit, kesakitan,menyakitkan
Pleasure
Pain
Memanjakan. Pampered = manja
Deprive
Pamper
Pasangan, jodoh, kompanyon
Competitor
Partner
Dpt diseberangi, agak/cukup baik
Impassable
Passable
Masa lalu, bekas, lewat, lalu
Future
Past
Sabar, pasien, panjang usus
Impatient
Patient
Perdamaian
War
Peace
(Mcapai)puncak,ujung,bumbungan Bottom
Peak
Sempurna, sepenuhnya, lengkap
Imperfect
Perfect
Permanent, (secara) tetap, kekal
Temporary
Permanent Srt izin,mengizinkan,membolehka
Prohibit
Permit
Membujuk, mengajak,meyakinkan Dissuade
Persuade
Picik, remeh, rendah, bawahan
Important
Petty
Tidak memuaskan, menyedihkan
Pitiless
Pitiful
Sandiwara,lakon,giliran,(ber)main2 Work
Play
Kesenangan, suka, suka pelesir
Displeasure
Pleasure
Berlimpah limpah
Scarce
Plentiful
Jamak
Singular
Plural
Sopan santun
Impolite/rude
Polite
O melarat, miskin,malang, tdk baik Rich
Poor
Terkenal, murah, bersif umum
Unpopular
Popular
Mungkin, tepat, barangkali
Impossible
Possible
Sangat kuat
Weak
Powerful
Kemiskinan, kemelaratan
Wealth
Poverty
Pujian, memuji muji
Blame
Praise
Kehadiran
Absence
Presence
Cagrm memelihara, melindungi
Spoil
Preserve
Cantik, molek, manis, agak.
Ugly
Pretty
Soal, masalah, persoalan
Solution
Problem
Terkemuka, menonjol, menyolok
Obscure
Prominent Masyarakat umum, rakyat
Private
Public
Membersihkan, menyucikan (hati) Adulterate
Purify
Menaruh,menanamkan,mengajukan Take
Put
Membatalkan. To q an indictment
Uphold
Quash
Ptanyaan, soal, keraguan, mananyai Answer
Question
Daging dibawah kuku, cepat, lekas Slow
Quick
Ketenangan,sepi,diam,tenang,aman Noisy
Quiet
Jarang, aneh, masak, luar biasa
Common
Rare
Mentah,lecet, merah, buruk, biadab Cooked
Raw
Yg nyata, sejati, riil, benar benar
Imaginary
Real
Layak, pantas, masuk akal, agak
Unreasonable
Reasonable Sembrono,nekat,berani,ugal ugalan Cautious
Reckless
Menyegarkan
Tire
Refresh
Langganan ttp, biasa, tetap, teratur Occasional
Regular
Bersangkut paut, relevan
Irrelevant
Relevant
Open
Oppose
Optimistic
Order

Luar, terbkuka, bebas,buka, lepas

Menentang
Optimistic, berharapan baik
Perintah, pesanan, tt tertib, acara

Menutup, tertutup, akir, tutup

Bantuan,tiang,sandaran,cagak
Pesimis
Kkacauan,keadaan tdkteratur
Kekacaubalauan,kalangkabut
Luar biasa, secara luar biasa
Terkemuka, menonjol
Pengumuman, perhatian
Tdk mengakui, memungkiri
Kesenangan, suka ber-foya2
Mencabut, menghilangkan
Saingan
Tidak dapat dilalui
Bakal, ms depan, yg akan dtg
Tidak sabar
Perang, berperang, pprangan
Datar,pantat,kpl,palingbawah
Tidak sempurna
Sementara. T appointment.
Melarang, menghalangi
Mmt spy tdk mengerjakan sst
Penting. I. reason alasan ptg
Kejam, bengis
Pekerjaan,mengerjakan,karya
Perasaan tersinggung/tdksng
Jarang, langka
Tunggal
Tdk sopan, kasar, tidak sopan
Kaya, subur, berharga, penuh
Tdk disukai/disenangi, pop
Tidak mungkin, mustahil
Lemah, rendah, encer (of tea)
Kekayaan
Kesalahan, menyalahkan
Ketidakhadiran, kekurangan
Memanjakan, merusak,busuk
Jelek, buruk, parah, bersahaja
Cara,pemecahan/penyelesaian
Tak jelas/dikenal, mengaburk
Tamtama, pribadi, swasta
Mencampuri, memalsukan
Mengambil,menerima,mbawa
Menegakan, menguatkan
Jawaban, menjawab, mmnuhi
Lambat, lamban, lamabat
Rebut, gaduh, sangat ramai
Biasa, umum, dangkal, kasar
Masak
Khayal, imajiner
Rewel,keterlauan, tak ms akal
Berhati hati.
Menjadiletih,meletihkan,letih
Sekali2, kadang2, bekala
Menyimpang,tdkberhubungan

Sdm 5/30/2005 4:12:23 PM

Reluctant
Remove
Removable
Repair
Resist

Segan (hati), enggan

Mengangkat, melepaskan (sptu)
Dpt dipindahkan/dikeluarkan
Memperbaiki, membetulkan
Menentang, melawan, menahan

Willing
Replace
Irremovable
Damage
Submit

Mau, sudi
Menggantikan,menaruh kembali
Tidak dapat dipindahkan
Kerusakan,kerugian,mendpt cdr
Mengajukan,menyerahkan,tunduk
105

106

Respect
Respective
Responsible
Restful
Rigid
Rise
Rough
Round
Rude
Ruin
Rural
Safe
Sale
Same
Sane
Satisfied
Save
Scrap
Seal
Seen
Selfish
Sensible
Separate
Serious
Sever
Sharp
Shine
Short
Shorten
Shout
Silence
Simple
Sincere
Slender
Smart
Smile
Special
Spend
Spread
Start
Steady
Straight
Strange
Strong
Subtract
Sufficient
Suitable
Summer
Tail
Talk
Tame
Teach
Temporary
Tenant
Tender

Rasa hormat, menghormati, resp

Masing masing
Bertanggung jawb
Penuh istirahat, menenangkan
Kaku, keras, berat, sukar, kejur
Kenaikan, tanjakan, naik
Berat, kasar, buruk, dlm grs bsr
Ronde,ronda,rentetan, anak tang
Tdk sopan, kasar, bersahaja
Kejatuhan, puing, merusak
Pedesaan, pedalaman,pedusunan
Peti besi, aman, selamat, hati2
Penjualan, obral
Sama, serupa, itu juga, yg dulu
Sehat ingatan, bijaksana (of sp
Memuaskan,puas,menyenangkan
Menabung, penghematan
Sisa, potongan, mengesampingk
mengesahkan, segel, menyegel
melihat, menjumpai, membaca
egois, mementingkan diri sendiri
berfikiran sehat,
bijaksana,pantas
salinan, terpisah, memisahkan
sungguh2, hebat, tekun, berat
memutuskan, memotong (a rope)
Tajam, cerdik, runcing, mancung
Kilauan, menyorotkan,menyemir
Pendek, celana pd/dlm, singkat
Memendekan, penyusutan
Sorak(an), teriak(an), berteriak
Kesunyian, mendiamkan
Sederhana, bersahaja, mudah
Tulus hati, bersungguh sungguh
Langsing, ramping, kecil, tipis
Cerdas,pintar,bijak, tampan,tepat
Senyum(an), tersenyum
Istimewa, khusus, luar biasa
Membelanjakan, menghabiskan
Penyebaran, olesan, pulasan
Awal, permulaan, kesempatan
Kokoh, tepat, mantap, kuat
Lurus,jujur, langsung, ber-sung2
Aneh,ganjil,asing, yg tak dikenal
Kuat, keras, bersemangat, silau
MengurangiCukup,secukupnya
Pantas, cocok, sesuai
Musim panas, bermusim panas
Ekor,buntut,bag bawah/belakang
Percakapan, ceramah, berbicara
Jinak, lemah, menjinakkan
Mengajar, mengajarkan
Sementara
Penyewa
Penawaran,tawaran,empuk/lunak

Disrespect
Irrespective
Irresponsible
Restless
Flexible
Fall
Smooth
Square
Courteous
Restore
Urban
Dangerous
Purchase
Different
Insane
Dissatisfied
Spend
Retain
Unseal
Unseen
Unselfish
Senseless
Join/unite
Frivolous
Join
Blunt
Tarnish
Tall
Lengthen
Whisper
Noise
Complicated
Insincere
Stout
Stupid
Frown
Ordinary
Save
Gather
Stop
Unsteady
Bent
Normal
Weak
Add
Insufficient
Unsuitable
Winter
Head
Listen
Wild
Learn
Permanent
Landlord
Tough

Sikap tidak sopan/hormat

Terlepas dari, dg mengabaikan
Tdk memp rasa tanggung jawab
Gelisah, resah
Lunak, lemas, mudah dilenturkan
Jatuh, runtuh, surut, turun, gugur
Halus, licin, lancer, tenang, sopan
Kwadrat, persegi4, alun alun
Sopan santun
Memperbaiki, mengembalikan
Yg berkaitan dengan kota
Berbahaya, membahayakan
Pembelian, membeli,memperoleh
Tdk sama, berbeda dr, berlainan
Gila, sakit pikiran
Tidak puas (with dengan)
Membelanjakan, menghabiskan
Menahan, memelihara, menyewa
Membuka segel
Tak kelihatan(error),takdpt dilihat
Tak mementingkan diri sendiri
Pinsan,tl, tdk berperikemanusiaan
Bersatu,mempersatukan,mengikat
Sembrono, tdk keruan
Menjadi anggota, berhub dengan
Tumpul,kasar,menjadikan tumpul
Noda, bercak, memudarkan
Jangkung, tinggi
Memperpanjang,menjadi panjang
Bisikan, berbisik, membisikan
Gaduh, riuh, bunyi, menyiarkan
Rumit (ssn), sulit, ruwet
Bermuka dua, tdk jujur, serong ht
Gemuk, banyakkuat, kokok, gigih
Bodoh, dungu, berbuat bodoh
Kerut (dahi), mengerutkan dahi
Biasa. Ordinarily = biasanya
Kecuali, menabung, menghemat
Mengumpulkan
Perhentian,berhenti,menghentikan
Goyah, mudah terombang ambing
Bakat, bungkuk, cenderung
Normal, biasa
Lemah,rendah,encer(of tea,coffee
Menjumlahkan, menyambung
Tidak cukup
Tak cocok/sesuai/serasi
Musim dingin, menghabiskan m d
Kepala, ujung kpl, bag depan/atas
Mendengarkan
Liar, gila, sembrono,sembarangan
Mempelajari, mendengar, belajar
Tetap, kekal, permanent
Tuan tnh,lelaki pemilik pondokan
Penjahat, keras, kuat, buruk, berat

Sdm 5/30/2005 4:31:59 PM

Thick
Thrifty
Throw
Tidy

Tebal,kental,serak,amat berlebihan
(Ber)hemat, cermat
Lemparan, melemparkan
Rapi, tratur,merapikan, memberesk

Thin
Extravagance
Catch
Untidy

Tipis,encer,lemah,kurus,jarang
Pemborosan, berlebih lebihan
Menangkap, jepitan, mengejar
Tidak rapi/teratur, berantakan
106

107

Tie
Tight
Today
Top
True
Truth
Ugly
Under
Up
Useful
Usual
Vacant
Variety
Vertical
Vex
Vice
Victory
Visible
Wake
War
Wasteful
Wax
Weep
Welcome
Well
West
Wild
Willing
Win
Work
Wrong
Wrap
Young
Zeal
Zest

Dasi, pertalian, mengikat,mengikat

Ketat, sempit, rapat, sukar, kuat2
Hari ini
Puncak, juara, kap, bumbungan, ttp
Benar, betul, sejati, setia, pas, sah
Kebenarn
Jelek, buruk, tak pantas, kasar
Bawah, di/ke bawah, menurut, dg
Jujur, ikhlas, keatas, naik, terbit
Berguna, bermanfaat, berfaedah
Biasa,lazim
Kosong, lowong, ngelamun,hampa
Macam, selingan, keseragaman
Tegak lurus, menurun, dari atas
Menyakitkan hati, menjengkelkan
Sifat buruk, perbuatan jahat
Kemenangan
Kelihatan, tampak
Membangunkan,bangun, air baling
Perang, peperangan
Pemboros, royal
Lilin, menggosok dg lilin, menjadi
Mencucurkan, menangis
Sambutan, selamat datang, boleh sj
Sumur, mata air, sehat, baik,peirigi
Barat, bagian/sebelah barat
Liar, rimba,rebut,bersimaharajalela
Mau,. Sudi
Kmenangan,memenangkan,menang
Pekerjaan, mengerjakan, mengolah
Kesalahan, salah, khilaf, melukai ht
Membungkus, membelitkan
Anak, muda, masih baru
Kegiatan, semangat
Semangat(for life),nafsu, rasa lezat

Loose
Untied
Yesterday
Bottom
False
Lie
Beautiful
Over
Bottom
Useless
Unusual
Occupied
Same
Horizontal
Soothe
Virtue
Defeat
Invisible
Sleep
Peace
Economical
Wane
Laugh
Unwelcome
Badly
East
Tame
Unwilling
Lose
Rest
Right
Unwrap
Old
Indifference
Torpor

Lepas,longgar, tak tepat/cocok

Membuka (tali), menguraikan
Kemarin
Dasar, pantat, paling bawah
Palsu, bohong, tdk benar
Dusta, bohong, berbohong
Indah, cantik, elok, bagus
Berakhir, di/ke atas, lebih, lagi
Dasar,pl bawah,menaruh tp dd
Tak berguna/bermanfaat, perc
Luar biasa
Menempati,mendiami,mengisi
Sama, serupa, yg duku,itu juga
Garis mendatar, mendatar
Mengentengkan,menenangkan
Kebaikan, kebajikan, sifat baik
Kekalahan, mengalahkan
Tak kelihatan, gaib, siluman
Tidur, memberi tempat tidur
Perdamaian
Hemat
Berkurang, menyusut, mundur
Tertawa(an), gelak, tertawa
Tak disukai/dikehendaki
Kurang senonoh, jelek
Timur
Jinak, lemah, menjinakkan
Segan, enggan/tak mau diajak
Kehilangan, kalah, hilang
Istirahat, tidur, sisa (food)
Kanan, hak, kebenaran, benar
Membuka
Dahulu kala, tua, lama, kuno
Pengabaian, ketidak acuhan
Kelambanan, ketumpuan

SDM May 30, 2005 4:58:19 PM

Abandon

6. S Y N O N Y M S
Membuang, meninggalkan
Leave

Cuti, meninggalkan, menunda

107

108

Abbreviate
Able
Abolish
Abroad
Abrupt
Abundant
Accident
Accommodatio
Accompany
Accomplish
Account
Accumulate
Accurate
Accuse
Acquire
Active
Act
Acute
Adequate
Adhere
Admission
Admire
Adore
Adorn
Affection
Aged
Aid
Alive
Alert
Allow
Ally
Almost
Alter
Alternative
Altitude
Ancient
Anger
Annually
Anticipate
Anxious
Applaud
Appreciate
Arrogant
Ascend
Assembly
Assistance
Astonishment
Attempt
Attire
Attract
Attractive
Austere
Authority
Awful
Ban

Meningkatkan,memendekan
Dapat, bisa, mampu, cakap
Menghapuskan, mengakhiri
Luar negeri, dg luas, tersebar
Kasar, tiba tiba, mendadak
Berlebih lebih,berlimpahlimp
Kecelakaan, kebetulan
Pertolongan, penyesuaian diri
Menemani, mengiringi
Menyelesaikan, mengerjakan
Laporan, catatan, rekening
Mengumpul(kan), bertumpuk
Teliti, cermat, tepat, seksama
Menuduh, menyalahkan
Memperoleh, mendptkan,belj
Aktif, gesit, giat,bersemangat
Perbuatan, babak,keputusan
Akut, hangat, tajam, halus
Cukup, memadai, mampu
Melekat, menempel,setia,taat
Hak/izinmasuk,kancis masuk
Mengagumi, memuji
Menyembah, mencintai, suka
Menghiasi, memperindah
Kesayangan, sayang, cinta
Tua sekali, jompo, lanjut usia
Bantuan, menolong,pertolong
Hidup, riang, peneuh energi
Menyiagakan,tajam, waspada
Membolehkan, mengizinkan
Sekutu, bersekutu dengan
Hampir
Merubah, mengubah,berubah
Pilihan, cadangan, jalan lain
Tinggi, ketinggian
Kuno, purbakala, purba
Marah, membuat marah
Tiap tiap/setiap tahun
Mengharapkan, merasakan
Khawatir, cemas, mencemask
Menghargai, bertepuk tangan
Menghargai menilai,mengerti
Sombong, congkak, angkuh
Naik, mendaki
Pertemuan, kumpulan, majlis
Bantuan, pertolongan
Keheranan
Percobaan, usaha, mencoba
Pakaian, berpakaian
Menarik
Menarik, cantik , molek
Keras, tengang, cermat
Wibawa, wewenang, sumber
Mengerikan, dahsat, hebat
Larangan

Shorten
Capable
Cancel
Overseas
Sudden
Plentiful
Mishap
Lodging
Escort
Achieve
Report
Collect/gather
Exact/correct
Blame
Get/obtain
Energetic
Deed
Sharp
Sufficient
Stick
Entry
Respect
Worship
Furnish
Love
Old
Help
Lively
Watchful
Permit
Friend
Nearly
Change
Choice
Height
Old
Fury
Yearly
Expect
Worried
Cheer
Grateful
Proud
Ascend
Gathering
Help
Surprise
Try
Clothes
Draw
Pretty
Severe
Power
Terrible
Prohibit/forbi

Memendekan, menyingkat wkt

Cakap, mampu, sanggup
Membatalkan, menghapuskan
Luar negeri, diluar negeri
Tiba tiba, mendadak
Berlimpah limpah
Kecelakaan
Pondok, menginap,penginapan
Pengantar, kawan, mengiringi
Mencapai
Laporan, letusan, melapor(kan
Mengumpulkan, menagih
Tepat, pesis, benar, baik, betul
Kesalahan, menyalahkan
Memperoleh, mendapat, mbeli
Giat, penuhsemangat (be)kerja
Perbuatan, akte, memindahkan
Tajam penglihan(nya), cerdik
Cukup
Tongkat, batang, menikam
Masukan,tempat masuk,peserta
Rasa khormat, menghormati
Sembahyang, menyembah
Mlengkapi dg perkakas,memberi
Mencintai, cinta, kasih, cinta pd
Dahulu kala, tua, lama, kuno
Bantuan, menolong, membantu
Lincah, bersemangat, baik, sibuk
Waspada
Surat izin, mengizinkan
Teman, kawan, berteman
Hampir
Perubahan, uang kembl,menukar
Pilihan, pemilihan, berharga
Tinggi, puncak
Tua, lama, dahulu kala, kuno
Kemarahan, kegeraman
Tahunan, sekali setahun
Mengharapkan, menyangka
Cemas, khawatir
Bersorak, bergembira,sorak sorai
Berterima kasih
Bangga, angkuh, membanngakan
Naik, mendaki
Kkumpulan orang,
Ptolongan,membantu,menuntun
Keheraran, mengagetkan
Usaha, mencoba, berusaha
Pakaian, baju
Tarikan, seri, mengambil,menutp
Cantik, molek, manis, agak
Keras,hebat(storm),berat,bersahaja
Kekuasaan,tenaga,daya,wewenang
Buruk skl, mengerikan, malas
Melarang, menghalangi,mencegah

SDM 5/30/2005 6:46:52 PM

Barren
Barrier
Base

Tandus, gundul, mandul

Rintangan, palang kereta api
Kaki, dasar, pangkalan, pokok

Sterile
Obstacle
Bottom

Steril, mandul, tandus, hampa

Rintangan, halangan
Dasar, pantat, paling bawah
108

109

Hit
Decorate
Implore
Start
Conduct
Trust
Surrounded
Drinks
Fasten
Empty
Explosion
Fire
Courageous
Short
Bright
Fragile
Wide
Construct
Explode
Industrious
Disaster
Quiet
Seize
Reason
Careful
Stop
Famous
Middle
Trick/
swindle
Kesempatan, mencoba,untung2an Opportunity
Chance
Kekacaubalauan, kalang kabut
Confusion
Chaos
Watak, karakete, peran, huruf
Nature
Character
Pengejaran, mengejar, memburu
Pursue
Chase
Cek, memeriksa, mengirimkan
Examine
Check
Kepala, ketua, utama
Principle
Chief
/main
Memilih, memutuskan
Select
Choose
Menjelaskan, menjernihkan
Explain
Clarify
Tak berdosa, terang, jelas, cerah
Distinct
Clear
/plain
Pandai,cakap, cekatan, pintar
Intelligent
Clever
/skillful
Akhir, menutup,berakhir,(di)tutup Near
Close
Janggal, kikuk, kagok
Awkward
Clumsy
Kasar, kesat, mentah
Rough
Coarse
Dingin, pilek, pinsan, tdk tertarik Unfriendly
Cold
/chilly
Mengumpulkan, menempuh
Gather
Collect
Bertubrukan, btabrakan,bentrokan Clash
Collide
Warna, corak, mewarnai
Hue
Color
Menggabungkan,bersatu,memiliki Join
Combine
Perdagangan, perniagaan
Begin
Commence Biasa, lazim, umum, dangkal
Usual/
Common
ordinary
Teman, kawan, rekan
Comrade
Companion Bandingan, memperbandingkan
Liken
Compare
Memaksa, mendorong
Force
Compel
Beat
Beautify
Beg
Begin
Behavior
Believe
Besieged
Beverages
Bind
Blank
Blast
Blaze
Brave
Brief
Brilliant
Brittle
Broad
Build
Burst
Busy
Calamity
Calm
Capture
Cause
Cautious
Cease
Celebrated
Centre
Cheat

Competition
Complete
Completely

Gerakan,denyutan,mengalahkan
Memperindah, mempercantik
Meminta, mengemis, ingin
Memulai, mulai
Kelakuan, tindak tanduk, jalan
Percaya
Mengepung, menyerbu
Minuman
Mengikat, membalut, menjilid
Formulir, kosong, blanko,perluru
Letusan,ledakan,menghancurkan
Lautan/nyala api, terbakar,terik
Yg berani, berani, menantang
Laporan(singkat),memberikan ps
Cemerlang, cerah, ulung, pandai
Rapuh
Gadis, wanita, lebar, luas, besar
Tubuh, membangun, mendirikan
Ledakan,meledak,membukakeras
Sibuk,ramai, bicara, menyibukan
Malapetaka,bencana,celaka besar
Ketenangan, reda, menenangkan
Penangkapan,merebut,menangkap
Sebab, alasan, menyebabkan
Berhati hati. Be very cautious
Berhenti. Cease fire gencatan sjt
Merayakan, ternama, terkenal
Pusat, bag tengah, menempatkan
Penipu, menipu,menjiplak

Persaingan, pertandingan
Lengkap,sempurna,melengkapi
Sama sekali

Contest
Finish
Totally

Pukulan, sukses, membentur

Menghiasi, memberi tanda jasa
Memohon dg sangat (kpd)
Awal, permulaan, kesempatan
Tingkah lk, kelakuan,memimpin
Kepercayaan, mempercayahi
Mengepung, dikelilingi
Minuman, minuman keras
Mengikatkan,mengaitk,mengunci
Kosong, hampa, mengosongkan
Letusan, ledakan, letupan
Kebakaran, memecat,api,meletus
Berani
Pendek, singkat, celana dalam
Cemerlang, cerdas, terang,ringan
Mudah/ gampang pecah
Lebar, luas,jauh, ber-macam2
Hahasan, konsepsi, membangun
Meledakan, meletuskan, meletus
Rajin, getol,tekun
Bencana,kemalangan,malapetaka
Ketenangan, sepi, diam, tenang
Ukuran, menganji, medempul
Sebab, alasan, dpt berfikir
Hati hati, berhati hati
Perhentian, setopan, berhenti
Terkenanl, termasyhur, tersohor
Pinggang, setengah, pertengahan
Akal, muslihat, permaian, cara
Penipuan, pengecohan, menipu
Kesempatan
Kebingungan, kekacauan
Sifat, alam raya, sifat dasar
Mengejar,mengikuti,meneruskan
Memeriksa(a patient),menguji
Asas, dasar, prinsip, pendirian
Pokok, utama, penuh, induk
Pilihan, memilih,yg terpilih
Menenangkan, menjelaskan
Terang, jelas, nyata, berbeda
Daratan, dtran, sederhana, terang
Cerdas, pandai
Mahir, cekatan, cakap
Dekat, mendekat, menjelang
Aneh, janggal, kikuk, buruk skl
Berat, kasar,buruk, dlm grs besar
Tak ramah
Dingin
Mengumpulkan, kumpulan
Perselisihan, bertentangan
Corak warna, warna warni
Ikut setia dg, berhubungan
Memulai,mulai, pertama tama
Biasa, lazim
Biasa
Kawan, sahabat, saudara
Mempersamakan, menyamakan
Kekuatan, tenaga,memaksa

Kontes, memperebutkan
Akhir, penutup,menyelesaik
Jml,berjml, mutlak, menjmlk
109

110

Comprehend
Conceal
Concern
Conclude
Condition
Confess
Confidential
Conflict
Consequence
Considerate
Constant
Contain
Content
Continue
Control
Convenient
Conversation
Cope (with)
Corrupt
Cost
Count
Counterfeit
Courageous
Courteous
Cunning
Curb
Cure
Curious
Custom
Crease
Cruel
Dangerous
Damage
Damp
Daring
Deadly
Dear
Deceive
Decorate
Decrease
Deduct
Defect
Demonstrat
Denounce
Desert
Deserve
Design
Desperate
Desire
Despise
Destiny
Deter
Detest
Develop
Devoted
Diligent
Disaster
Disclose

Disease
Disgrace

Memahami, mengerti
Menyembunyikan(ptl, kesediha
Perhatian keprihatian, urusan
Menutup, mengakhir,berpendpt
Keadaan, situasi,memelihara
Mengakui, mengaku
Yakin, pasti
Perselisihan, pertentangan
Akibat,kemuliaan,konsekwensi
Baikk budi, penuh perhatian
Terus menerus, tetap
Berisi,mengandung,mengetahui
Isi,daya muat,kandungan,kadar
Meneruskan,berjl terus,main trs
Pengawasan, membatasi
Baik skl, tepat, sesuai, tdk jauh
Percakapan, pembicaraan
Menaggulangi, menguasai
Korup, jahat, buruk, menyuap
Harga, korban, berharga
Perhitungan, jml, menghitung
Palsu, tiruan, memalsukan
Berani
Sopan santun
Kelicikan, kecerdikan, licik
Pingiran jalan, mengekang
Pengobatan, menyembuhkan p
Ingin tahu, aneh, heran
Adapt, kebiasaan, adapt istiadat
Lipatan (sterika), kusut
Kejam, bengis, lalim
Berbahaya, membahayakan
Kerusakan, merusakan
Gas, kabut, lembab, basah
Keberanian, berani, kenekatan
Yg membawa maut/mematikan
Berharga, mahal, kekasih
Menipu, mencurangi
Menghiasi, memberi tanda jasa
Potongan (harga), mengurangi
Mengurangi, memotong
Menemukan, mendptkan
Mempetunjukan, mendemostrasi
Mencela, melaporkan, mengaduk
Padang pasir, membelot
Berhak mendpt, pantas, patut
Potongan, bentuk, merencanakan
Putusasa,yg sangat menyedihkan
Hasrat, keinginan, menginginkan
Memandang rendah thd
Naib, takdir, untung
Menghalangi
Benci, jijik
Memperkembangkan,menghasil
Saying akan,setia pada
Rajin, tekun
Bencana, mala petaka
Menyingkap, memperlihatkan

Penyakit. d. carrier penyebar p

Aib, malu, mencemarkan

Understand
Hide
Interest
End
State
Admit
Secret
Struggle
Outcome
Thoughtful
Unchanging
Hold
Satisfied
Persist
Rule
Suitable
Talk
Manage
Dishonest
Price
Calculate
Fake
Brave
Polite
Sly
Control
Rmedy/heal
Inquisitive
Habit
Fold
Unkind
Risky
Harm
Wet/moist
Brave
Fatal
Expensive
Cheat
Adorn
Reduce
Subtract
Fault
Show
Condemn
Forsake
Merit
Plan
Hopeless
Wish
Scorn
Fate
Discourage
Hate
Grow
Attached
Hardworkin
Calamity
Reveal

Sickness
Shame

Mengerti,paham,mengetahui
Bersembunyi,menyembunyik
Bunga, perhatian, minat
Akhir, tamat, ujung, menutup
Neg, keadaan, kebesaran
Mengakui, menerima, memuat
Yg berhub dg rahasia, rahasia
Perjuangan, meronta ronta
Hasil, akibat
Tenggang hati, bijak, berfikir
Tak berubah ubah
Memegang,mengendong
Memuaskan,puas,menyenangk
Tetap melakukan, berlangsung
Peraturan, kaidah, memerintah
Pantas, cocok, sesuai
Percakapan, ceramah,berbicara
Mengurus, mengatur,mengelol
Tidak jujur
Harga, hadiah,memberi harga
Menghitung,memperhitungkan
Penipu, palsu, memalsukan
Berani,memberanikan diri thd
Sopan santun, sopan
Lihai, licik, pintar busuk
Pengawasan, mengatur
Memperbaiki/menyembuhkan
Ingin tahu
Kebiasaan, pakaian
Lipatan,melipat,tutup,gulungtk
Tdk enak, kasar,kejam
Berbahaya,yg mengandung rsk
Kerugian, kerusakan, melukai
Kebasahan, membasahi, basah
Berani,yg memberanikandr thd
Yg menimbulkankematian/bcn
Mahal
Maincurang,menipu,menjiplak
Menghiasi
Mengurangi, menurunkan
Mengurangi
Kesalahan, salah,menyalahkan
Pameran, pilem, memperlihatk
Menghukum, menyalahkan
Meninggalkan, mengabaikan
Kebaikan, jasa, pantas,manfaat
Rencana, merencanakan
Tdk ada harapan, sia sia
Khendak,mengharapkan,ingin
Caci maki, cemooan, menolak
Naib, takdir
Mengecilkan hati
R.benci, kebencian, membenti
Menanam,memelihara,tumbuh
Dempet, melampirkan,melekat
Kerja keras
Malapetaka,bencana, clk besar
Menyatakan, mengungkapkan

Penyakit. air s. mabuk udara.

Rasa malu, memalukan.
110

111

Disorder
Display
Disregard
Distinguished
Doubtful
Downfall
Drift
Drowsy
Dubious
Dull
Duplicate
Durable
Dusk
Duty
Eager
Earning
Ebb
Edge
Edible
Educate
Elevate
Embrace
Eminent
Encircle
Endure
Enemy
Energetic
Enlist
Enough
Enormous
Entertainment
Envy
Escape
Essential
Evidence
Exaggerate
Excess
Exhibit
Expose
Extend
Exterior
Extra
Face
Fair
False
Famous
Far
Fashion
Fast
Fasten
Fatal
Fate
Fatigue
Fault
Fear
Feeble
Ferocious
Fertile

Kekacauan, tdk teratur, penyak

Pameran, memperlihatkan
Tdk menghiraukan,acuh tak ac
Terhormat, terkenal,terkemuka
Sangsi, ragu ragu
Keruntuhan, kejatuhan
Arus, arah,aliran, menimbun
Mengantuk
Yg meragukan, ragu ragu
Tumpul, pudar, menjemukan
Salinan, rangkap, menyalin
Dapat tahan lama
Petang, menjelang malam
Kewajiban, tugas, bea
Ingin skl, hasrat
Pendapatan, upah, penghasilan
Air surut, surut, berkurang
Tepi, tebing, memberi pinggir
Dapat dimakan
Mendidik
Menilai, menaksir
Pelukan, rangkulan,berpelukan
Ulung, unggul, terkenal
Mengelilingi, melingkari
Memikul, berlangsung terus
Musuh, lawan
Giat, penuh semangat (be)kerja
Mendaftarkan dir, memperoleh
Cukup
Sangat besar, hebat
Hiburan, pertunjukan
Cemburu, iri hati, mengirikan
Pelarian, lepas dr, melarikan dr
Esensiil, perlu sekali
Fakta,bukti, tanda,menunjukan
Mem-besar2 kan,ber-lebih2an
Kelebihan, perbuatan yg keterl
Pameran
Membuka, membongkar
Memperpanjang, memperluas
Bag luar, lahirnya, sebelah luar
Tambahan, istimewa, figuran
Muka,paras,menghadapkan mk
Pasar malam, terang,adil,wajar
Palsu, bohong, tdk benar
Terkenal, termashur, tersohor
Jauh, luas
Mode,cara,kebiasaan,basa basi
Puasa, berpuasa, cepat, erat,tgh
Mengikatkan, mengunci
Yg menimbulkan bencana/kmt
Nasib, takdir
Kelelahan, melelahkan
Kesalahan, salah, menyalahkan
Ketakutan, takut, kuatir
Lemah,sayup, suram, remang2
Ganas, buas, garang, galak
Subur, yg dibuahi.

Chaos
Exhibit
Ignore
Noted
Uncertain
Ruin
Float
Sleepy
Doubtful
Gloomy
Copy
Lasting
Twilight
Obligation
Keen
Income
Recede
Side
Eatable
Teach
Raise
Hug
Famous
Surround
Bear
Foe
Vigorous
Enroll
Sufficient
Huge
Amusement
Jealousy
Flee
Vital
Proof
Magnify
Surplus
Show
Uncover
Stretch
Outside
Addition
Countenance
Just
Untrue
Renown
Distant
Style
Quick
Bind
Deadly
Destiny
Weary
Error
Terror
Weak
Fierce
Fruitful

Kekacaubalauan, kalang kabut

Pameran, memamerkan
Mengabaikan, tdk peduli
Catatan, surat, memperhatikan
Ragu ragu, bimbang, taj jelas
Kehancuran, merusak, puing
Terapung, mengapung,tersebar
Mengantuk, sepi (town)
Sangsi, ragu ragu
Suram, murung, mendung
Salinan,tembusan, menyalin
Abadi, kekal
Senjakala
Kebajiban
Tajam, tekun, giat, keras,keras
Penghasilan, pendapatan
Surut, menyusut
Pinggang, pihak, sisi, pinggir
Dpt dimakan
Mengajar, mengajarkan, ajaran
Kenaikan,menaikan,mengangk
Pelukan, memeluk, merangkul
Terkenal, temashur, tersohor
Mengepung, mengelilingi
Memikul, tahan, melahirkan
Musuh, lawan
Giat, penuh semangat
Mendaftarkan, mengikuti
Cukup
Sangat besar, sangat banyak
Hiburan, kegirangan
Kecemburuan,perasaan iri hati
Melarikan diri, lari, hilang len
Hayati, hdp, sangat penting
Bukti, tulen, sanggup, tahan
Menambah, mem-besar2kan
Kelebihan
Pameran, menunjukan
Membongkar, membuka
Jangkauan, merentangkan
Seb luar, tipis, diluar, keluar
Penjumlahan, tambahan
Air/roman muka, menyetujui
Adil, pantas, baru saja, tepat
Takbenar/setia,bohong,khianat
Mendapat (kemashuran) sbg
Jauh, tdk ramah
Corak, model, gaya, gaya bhs
Cepat, lekas, daging dibwh kk
Terjepit, mengikat, membalut
Yg membawa maut/mematika
Nasib, takdir, untung
Capek, letih, bs,membosankan
Kesalahan, keliru tulis
Rasa ngeri, kengerian
Lemah, rendah, encer
Sengit, hangat, dahsat, galak
Berhasil, bermanfaat, subur

SDM 5/30/2005 7:36:02 PM

Fight

Perkelahian, berkelahi, berjuang

Battle

Peperangan,bertempur,berjng
111

112

Discover
Complete
Even/level
Drift
Like
Silly
Alien
Pardon
Previously
Predict
Base
Frail
Outspoken
/honest
Bbs,merdeka,gratis,membebaskan Release
Free
Kemerdekaan, kebebasan
Liberty
Freedom
Sering, seringkali
Often
Frequently Teman, sahabat, kawan
Comrade
Friend
Ramah
Amiable
Friendly
Takut
Scared
Frightened Hemat, cermaht, sederhana
Thrift
Frugal
Berhasil, bermanfaat, subur
Fertile
Fruitful
Menghalangi, mencegah
Foil
Frustrate
Sia sia, percuma
Useless
Futile
Keuntungan, tambahan, mendpt
Profit
Gain
Mengumpulkan
Collect
Gather
Periang, gembira, meriah
Cheerful
Gay
Tatapan, memandang, pandangan
Stare
Gaze
Bermurah hati, dermawan
Liberally
Generously Sejati, asli, tulen,sungguh2,ikhlas Real
Genuine
Senang, gembira
Happy
Glad
Pandangan/melihat sekilas
Glimpse
Glance
Pancaran cahaya, sekilas, bersinar Shining
Gleaming
Indah, permai
Splendid
Gorgeous
Memerintah, menguasai
Rule
Govern
Genggaman, merenggut, merebut
Clasp
Grasp
Terima kasih
Thankfulness
Gratitude
Kuburan
Serious
Grave
Dukacita, kesedihan, berdukacita
Sorrow
Grief
Meraba raba, mencari cari
Feel
Grope
Keluhan, omelan, menggerutu
Complain
Grumble
Bk pedoman, menuntun,pemandu Lead
Guide
Kebiasaan, pakaian
Custom
Habit
Phentian,memberhentikan,berhenti Stop
Halt
Gembira, senang, bahagia,suka
Joyful
Happy
Kerugian, kerusakan, melukai
Hurt/injure
Harm
Kegopohan, terburu buru
Hurry
Haste
Kebentian, tdk suka, membenci
Loathe
Hate
Sombong,angkuh,takabur,tinggi ht Proud
Haughty
Pertolongan, menolong,membantu Assist/aid
Help
Sengit, gagah berani
Brave
Heroic
Menyembunyikan, bersembunyi
Conceal
Hide
Menghalangi, mengganggu
Obstruct
Hinder
Parau, serak
Husky
Hoarse
Penghormatan
Respect
Homage
Rumah,tempat diam,kampung hlm Residence
Home
Jujur. Lurus hari.
Truthful
Honest
Harapan, mengharapkan, berharap Wish
Hope
Kengerian, ketakutan
Terror
Horror
Sdm 5/30/2005 9:28:45 PM
Find
Finish
Flat
Float
Fond
Foolish
Foreign
Forgive
Formerly
Foretell
Foundation
Fragile
Frank

Penemuan, mendpti, mengenai

Akhir, kesempurnaan,menyudahi
Bertingkat, kempis, rmh petak
Pelampung,terapung,mengapungk
Sangat cinta, saying, kasih
Bodoh, tolol, nekat
Luar neg, asing, keturunan asing
Memaafkan, mengampuni
Tadinya, dahulu
Meramalkan
Yayasan, fondasi,dasar,fondamen
Gampang/mudah pecah
Jujur, terus terang

Menemukan, mengetahui
Sempurna, menyempurnakan
Rata, datar,genap,sejajar,lurus
Penyimpangan, arus, aliran
Suka,senang, seperti, sepdpat
Pander, totol, lucu
Berbeda dari, o asing, asing
Ampun,grasi, mengampuni
Sebelum itu, sebelumnya
Meramalkan
Dasar, pangkalan, pokok
Lemah
Terang terangan, blak blakan
Jujur, lurus hati
Pembebasan, melepaskan
Kemerdekaan,libur,kebebasan
Sering, seringkali, acapkali
Kawan, sahabat, saudara
Ramah, ramah tamah
Takut, ciut hati
Hemat, penghematan, sifat hm
Subur, yang dibuahi
Kertas perak, menggagalkan
Sia sia, percuma, tak berguna
Untung, keuntungan,mendpt k
Mengumpulkan, berkumpul
Riang,gembira,menyenangkan
Tatapan, menatap,membelalak
Dengan bebas, bebas, banyak
Yg nyata, sejati, benar2, riil
Bahagia, senang, suka
Pandangan sekilas, melihat s.l
Terkemuka, istimewa
Baik sekali, enak, tampan
Peraturan, kaidah, memerintah
Jepitan, pegangan, mengunci
Rasa syukur
Sungguh2,hebat,menguatirkan
Dukacita, penderitaan
Rasa, sentuhan, meraba, piker
Mengeluh, mengadu
Memimpin,petunjuk,perananpt
Adat, kebiasaan, pabean
Berhenti,menghentikan,setopan
Bergembira
Luka, melukai, sakit
Tergesagesa, mempercepat
Benci akan
Bangga, membanggakan hati
Bantuan,membantu,pertolongan
Berani, menantang
Menyembunyikan (kesedihan)
Menghalangi, merintangi
Parau, serak, besar dan kuat.
Rasa hormat, menghormati
Tempat tinggal/kediaman
Jujur, menurut kenyataan
Keinginan,hasrat,menginginkan
Rasa ngeri, kengerian, teror

112

113

Hostile
Hot
Humorous
Hunger
Idea
Identical
Illegal
Imagine
Immediately
Immense
Imitate
Impartial
Impulsive
Incorrectly
Increase
Industrious
Inevitable
Infectious
Inquire
Insert
Insolent
Inspect
Instrument
Intention
Intentional
Interfere
Interior
Intoxicated
Invaluable
Invisible
Jealous
Join
Journey
Jovial
Judgment
Jump
Jungle
Just
Keep
Kind
King
Knowledge
Lean
Learn
Leave
Legible
Liberal
Limit
Limp
Listen
Lofty
Lone
Loud
Loving
Loyal
Lurk
Mad
Magnify
Main
Majestic

Bermusuhan, tak bersahabat

Panas, hebat, pedas, enak,mujur
Lucu, penuh kelucuan
Kelaparan, rasa lapar
Gagasan, pikiran, rencana, cita2
Sama, serupa
Pelanggaran, gelap, tak sah, liar
Membayangkan,mengkhayalkan
Dg segera, seekarang juga
Besar/luas sekali
Meniru, mencontoh,menuruti
Tdk memihak, sikap adil/jujur
Gerak hati.
Salah
Memperhalus,kenaikan,bertamb
Rajin, getol, tekun
Tak dapat dielakan / dihindari
Menular
Menanyakan (ttg), menyelidiki
Sisipan,memasukan,memasukan
Besar mulut, kurang ajar,biadap
Memeriksa (eye, a car, troops)
Alat, perkakas, alat musik
Bermaksud, pamrih, tujuan
Disengaja
Mencampuri, menganggu
Bag dlm, dalam, drh pedalaman
Mabuk
Tidak terhingga nilainya
Tak kelihatan, gaib, limunan
Iri hati,cemburu (ofpd,terhadap)
Menjadi anggota, mengikat
Mengadakan perjalanan, perjln
Periang, baik hati dan gembira
Pendpt,keputusan,pertimbangan
Loncatan, loncat, meloncat,naik
Hutan, rimba
Adil, pantas, baru saja, tepat
Pencarian, menjaga,menyimpan
Macam,baikhati,manis,peramah
Raja, berukuran besar,ukuran pj
(Ilmu) pengetahuan, kekuasaan
Kurus, miring, menyandarkan
Belajar,mempelajari,mendengar
Cuti, meninggalkan, berangkat
Dapat dibaca
Bebas, liberal, banyak, baik
Batas, perbatasan, membatasi
Pincang, timpang, lemah, lemas
Mendengarkan
Tinggi, agung, mulia, megah
Satu satunya, sendirian
Keras (suara, tangis), menyolok
Penuh kasih
Setia (to pd)
Bersembunyi
Marah,gemar skl, gila,edan
Mem-besar-kan, memperbesar
Pokok, utama, besar, induk
Penuh keagungan, megah sekali

Unfriendly
Warm
Funny
Starvation
Plan/thought
Alike/same
Unlawful
Think
Instantly
Vast/huge
Copy
Just
Rash
Wrongly
Enlarge
Hardworking
Unavoidable
Contagious
Ask
Include
Rude
Examine
Device/tool
Purpose
Deliberate
Meddle
Inside
Drunk
Priceless
Unseen
Envious
Unite
Voyage
Jolly
Verdict
Leap
Forest
Fair
Retain/hold
Thoughtful/
Charitable
Sovereign
Learning
Thin
Study
Go/depart
Readable
Generous
Boundary
Hobble
Hear
High
Solitary
Noisy
Affectionate
True/faithful
Prowl
Insane
Enlarge
Chief
Regal/stately

Tak peramah
Panas, hangat, peramah,hampir
Lucu, aneh, ganjil
Mati/menderita kelaparan
Rencana, fikiran, ggs,pemikiran
Sama, serupa, mirip, yg dulu
Tak sah
Pkir,kira,memikirkan,merenung
Dengan segera, serta merta
Luas, sangat banyak/besar
Menyalin, salinan, turuan, kopi
Adil, pantas, tepat, persis, masih
Terburu buru.gegabah, kr piker
Keliru, salah
Memperluas, memperbesar
Kerja keras
Tidak dapat dihindarkan
Menular, mudah menjalar
Menanyakan (kpd), meminta
Memasukan
Tidak sopan, kasar
Memeriksan menguji
Alat, perlengkapan, perkakas
Maksud, tujuan, kegunaan
(dg) sengaja,berunding,ber hati2
Mencampuri
Bagian dalam, di/ ke dalam
Pemabuk
Tak ternilai
Tak kelihatan, tak dpt dilihat
Cemburu, dengki, iri hati
Mempersatukan, bersatu
Mengadakanperjalanan,pelayaran
Gembira, riang, menghibur
Putusan
Lompatan, langkah, berjingkrak
Hutan, rimba
Pecan raya, terang, adil, wajar
Menahan, menggaji, memegang
Tenggang ht, bijaksana, berfikir
Murah hati, berhati lembut
Raja, berkuasa
Pengetahuan
Tipis, encer, lemah, kurus, jarang
Pelajaran, penyelidikan, belajar
Pergi, berangkat, meninggal
Dapat dibaca, menarik
Bermurah ht,dermawan,banyak s
Batas
Mengikat kk (kuda),berjl pincang
Mendengar, mendengarkan
Tinggi, puncak, mahal, mabuk
Sunyi terpencil
Rebut, gaduh, sangat ramai
Mengharukan,penuh kasihsayang
Benar, betul, setia, tepat, pas
Berkeliling mencari mangsa
Gila, sakit pikiran
Memperbesar, memperluas
Kepala, ketua, sep, utama
Agung, mulia, megah

SDM 5/30/2005 9:55:44 PM

113

114

Malicious
Mammoth
Many
Margin
Marvel
Maximum
Mean
Medium
Melancholy
Memorable
Mend
Method
Middle
Mighty
Minimum
Mischievous
Miserable
Mishap
Mistake
Modern
Moist
Motionless
Mute
Myth
Narrate
Nearly
Neat
Necessary
Necessity
Nimble
Noisy
Normal
Noted
Notorious
Novel
Nullify
Obey
Obscene
Obstacle
Obvious
Occasion
Occupation
Odd
Odor
Often
Old
Only
Operate
Opportunity
Oppose
Option
Oral
Order
Origin
Outside
Outspoken
Outward
Own

Dengki, jahat, dendam

Besar besaran, hebat
Banyak
Garis tepi, pinggiran, batas
Mengagumkan, kagum, heran
Maksimum
Bermaksud, berniat, berarti
Perantaraan, alat jalur, sedang
Kemurungan jiwa, sayu, sedih
Mengesankan,menjd kenang2an
Menambal, memperbaiki
Cara, metode
Pinggang, setengah, tengah
Kuat, hebat, sangat
Minimum, plg rendah, terendah
Nakal, merecok, jahat
Tdksenang,menyedihkan,miskin
Kecelakaan
Kesalahan, salah mengira
Modern.
Basah
Tak bergerak
Orang bisu, bisu, mati
Mitos, dongeng
Menceriterakan
Hampir
Rapi, murni
Kebutuhan, perlu, penting
Keperluan, kebutuhan
Cepat, cekatan,gesit
Sangat ramai, ribut, gaduh
Normal, biasa
Yang terkemuka
Terkenal karena nama buruk
Ceritera roman, baru (idea)
Menghapuskan, meniadakan
Mematuhi, mentaati,menurutkan
Cabul, carut
Rintangan, halangan
Jelas, nyata
Kesempatan, kejadian, peristiwa
Pekerjaan, jabatan, kesibukan
Aneh, ganjil, tak biasa, tak tetap
Bau busuk
Sering, seringkali, acapkali
Dahulu kala, lama, tua, kuno

Spiteful
Huge
Numerous
Edge/border
Wonder
Most
Stingy
Average
Sad
Unforgettable
Repair
Way
Centre
Strong
Least
Naughty
Wretched
Accident
Error
New
Damp
Still
Dumb
Fable
Tell
Almost
Tidy
Essential
Need
Agile
Rowdy
Usual
Well-known
Infamous
New
Annul
Submit
Indecent
Hindrance
Plain
Event
Job
Unusual
Smell
Frequently
Ancient/
elderly
Hanya, satu satunya, tunggal
Sole
Menjalankan, mengadakan
Perform
Kesempatan
Chance
Menentang, melawan
Resist
Kebebasan, pilihan, kehendak
Choice
Ujian lesan,lisan,mulut,lbng mlt Verbal
Pesanan, perintah, acara, tt tertib Command
Asal, asal usul/mula, sumber
Source
Diluar, seb luar, luar, tipis
Exterior
Terang terangan, blak blakan
Frank/vocal
Disebelah luar, keluar
External
Kepunyaan, memiliki, mengakui Possess

Pendengki, pendendam, irihati

Sangat besar, sangat banyak
Banyak
Tepi, pinggir, tebing, batas
Ingin th, mengherank, berfikir
Sbg besar, paling,yg terbanyak
Kikir, pelit, bakhil, ber-dikit 2
Pukul rata, rata rata, sedang
Sedih, menyedihkan
Tdk dapat dilupakan
Reparasi, memperbaiki
Jln, arah, jurusan, cara, hal
Pusat, bag tengah, tengah
Kuat, hebat,bersemangat,keras
Paling kurang/sedikit
Nakal
Tdk enak badan, pahit, sial skl
Kecelakaan, kebetulan
Salah, keliru tulis, kesalahan
Baru, yg baru.
Gas, kabut, lembab, basah
Tenang, keheningan, masih
Bisu, dungu, bebal, bodoh
Dongeng, bohong
Menceriterakan,memberitahuk
Hampir
Rapi, teratur, merapikan
Perlu, penting, sifat sifat dasar
Kebutuhan, memerlukan
Cerdas, tangkas
Kasar dan suka gaduh
Biasa, lazim
Terkenal, ternama
Bernama buruk/keji
Yg baru, baru
Membatalkan
Mengajukan, menyampaikan
Tidak senonoh
Halangan, rintangan,gangguan
Daratan, biasa, jelas,sederhana
Peristiwa, kejadian
Pekerjaan, tugas, kesusahan
Luar biasa
Bau (busuk), berbau, mencium
Sering, seringkali
Kuno, purbakala, purba
Tua
Ikan lidah,tapak kk/spt,tunggal
Main, menyelenggarakan
Kesempatan, mencoba
Menentang, melawan,menahan
Pilihan, pemilihan, berharga
Lisan, berkaitan dg kata kerja
Perintah, pesanan, pimpinan
Sumber, mata iar
Bag/sebelah luar, lahirnya
Jujur, terus terang, suara
Luar, luar negeri
Memiliki, mpunyai, kesurupan

SDM 2005-05-30 10:15:00 PM

114

115

Pacify
Pain
Pamper
Panic
Parcel
Patience
Pathetic
Peaceful
Peak
Peculiar
Penalty
Permanent
Perpetual
Persuade
Petty
Narrate
Pious
Plain
Pleasing
Plentiful
Plot
Plunge
Poisonous
Pollute
Poor
Popular
Port
Portray
Powerful
Praise
Precise
Prejudice
Preserve
Pretty
Price
Priceless
Principal
Probe
Profit
Prohibit
Prominent
Prompt
Proper
Protect
Pupil
Pure
Purpose
Quaint
Quantity
Quarrel
Queer
Quiet
Quit
Radiant
Rage
Raiment
Raise
Ramble
Rank

Menenangkan, mententeramk
Sakit,menyakitkan,menyedihk
Memanjakan
Kepanikan, menjadi panic/ggp
Bingkisan, paket, bungkusan
Pasien, sabar, panjang usus
Menyedihkan, sedih, pedih
Tenang, tenteram
Puncak, ujung, bumbungan
Ganjil, aneh, khas
Hukuman, pinalti
Permanent, tetap, kekal
Terus menerus,kekal , abadi
Membujuk,mengajak,mendesa
Picik,remeh,rendah,kecil kecil
Menceriterakan
Saleh, alim
Sederhana, biasa, terang, jelas
Menyenangkan
Berlimpah limpah
Isi ceritera,alur, merencanakan
Loncatan, terjun, menyelam
Beracun, berbisa
Mengotori, mencemari
Miskin,malang,remang2,tandus
Terkenal baik, murah, umum
Pelabuhan, sisi kiri, kiri
Melukiskan, memerankan
Sangat kuat
Pujian, memuji muji
Tepat, saksama
Prasangka, merugikan
Cagar, memelihara, menjaga
Cantik, molek, indah
Harga,mberi/menetapkan harga
Tak ternilai
Kepsek, uang pokok, utama
Penyelidikan, memeriksa
Mendpt keuntungan, untung
Melarang, menghalangi
Terkemuka,mnyolok,menonjol
Cepat, tepat, menganjurkan
Pantas, tepat, patut, sopan
Membela, melindungi,menjaga
Murid, siswa
Bersih, murni
Maksud, tujuan, kegunaan
Pelik, aneh
Kwantitas, banyaknya
Perselisihan, bertengkar
Aneh, ganjil, merusakan, mhilg
Ketenangan, sepi, tenang, diam
Berhenti, meninggalkan (room)
Berseri seri, bersinar sinar
Kemarahan,mengamuk,marah2
Pakaian
Kenaikan, menaikan,mengangk
Pengembaraan, ber-keliling2
Pangkal, barisan, menduduki

Appease
Ache
Spoil
Alarm
Bundle/package
Perseverance
Pitiful
Calm
Summit
Odd
Punishment
Lasting
Endless
Coax
Small/trivial
Tell
Devout
Simple
Agreeable
Abundant
Scheme
Dive
Toxic
Contaminate
Destitute
Well known
Harbor
Depict
Strong
Compliment
Exact
Bias
Keep
Beautiful
Cost
Invaluable
Main
Investigate
Gain
Forbid
Outstanding
Quick
Right
Defend/guard
Student
Clean
Aim
Odd
Amount
Dispute
Peculiar
Peaceful
Stop
Beaming
Fury
Clothes
Lift
Roam
Position

Menenangkan, meredakan
Sakit, rindu, ingin sekali
Memanjakan, mengganggu
Tanda bahaya,menakutkan
Buntelan, berkas,bungkus, pak
Ketekunan, kekerasan hati
Tdk memuaskan,menyedihkan
Ketenangan,reda,menenangkan
Puncak
Aneh,ganjil, sambilan, lebih dr
Hukuman,siksaan,perlakuan ks
Abadi, kekal
Tak ada habisnya, tak berujung
Membujuk, bujukan
Kecil, ringan, sepele,sederhana
Menceriterakan, mengatakan
Yg beriman, saleh, taat
Sederhana, mudah, biasa
Dapat disetujui
Berlebih lebih, ber-limpah2
Rencana, pola, rencana kotor
Tukikan,menyelam,terjun, msk
Mengandung racun
Mengotorkan, mencemarkan
Miskin, melarat
Terkenal, tersohor
Pelabuhan,memp, mengandung
Melukiskan, menggambarkan
Kuat,hebat, keras, bersemangat
Pujian, salam,mengucapkan slm
Tepat, persis, memeras,terperinci
Prasangka,miring,membuat br sb
Menjaga,menyimpan,memelihar
Indah, cantik, elok, bagus
Harga, korban, ongkos, harganya
Tak terhingga nilainya
Utama, besar, pokok, induk
Menyelidiki, meneliti,memeriksa
Keuntungan, memperoleh
Melarang
Terkemuka, tekenal
Cepat, lekas, daging dibw kuku
Kanan, hak, tepat, benar, baik
Membela, mpertahankan, menjg
Siswa, murid
Bersih, halal, membersihkan
Maksud, tujuan, mengarahkan
Aneh, gasal, ganjil, sambilan
Jumlah, kwantitas, banyak,penuh
Perselisihan, membantah
Ganjil, aneh, khas
Tenang, tenteram
Berhenti, setopan, menghentikan
Berseri seri (face)
Kemarahan, amuk, kedahsyatan
Pakaian, baju
Pengangkat, mengangkat
Menjelajahi, berkelana
Posisi, sikap (badan), jabatan,
menempatkan, mengatur posisi

SDM May. 30, 05 10:33:24 PM

115

116

Rapid
Rare
Rash
Reach
Recall

Aliran deras, cepat, laju

Jarang, aneh, masak, tipis
Ruam, sejml, terburu buru
Jangkauan, mencapai,sampai
Menarik kb,mengingat,ingatan

Quick
Scarce
Hasty/reckless
Arrive
Recollect/
Remember
Receive
Menerima, mengabulkan
Accept/take
Reception
Resepsi,penyambutan yhangat Welcome
Rectify
Meralat (a mistake)
Correct
Refuge
Tempat perlindungan
Shelter
Refuse
Sampah, menolak,tdkmenuruti Rubbish
Reinforce
Menguatkan, menebalkan
Strengthen
Relate
Menceriterakan,menghubungka Tell
Reliable
Dpt dipercaya/diandalkan
Dependable
Reluctant
Segan ht, enggan
Unwilling
Remedy
Memperbaiki, menolong, obat Cure
Remote
Bertempat tinggal, terletak
Far/distant
Reprimand
Penduduk, residen
Reprove
Rescue
Menyelamatkan, menolong
Save
Resemblance Kemiripan, persamaan
Similar
Reside
Bertempat tinggal, terletak
Stay
Resident
Penduduk, residen
Dwelling
Respect
Rasa hormat, menghormati
Esteem
Respond
Menjawab, membalas
Answer
Resolute
Pasti, tegas
Determined
Result
Hasil, akibat, mengakibatkan
Consequence
Reveal
Menyatakan, membuka
Show
Rich
Kaya, subur,berharga, penuh
Wealthy
Ridiculous
Menertawakan, menggelikan
Absurd
Roam
Menjelajahi
Wander
Rob
Merampok, merampas
Steal
Row
Jajaran, baris, mendayung
Quarrel
Rule
Peraturan, memerintah
Govern
Sad
Sedih, menyedihkan
Miserable
Safe
Aman, selamat, kuat, peti besi
Secure
Save
Menabung, menyelamatkan
Rescue
Say
Mengatakan, berkata, kira kira Utter
Scanty
Hanya sedikit
Sparse
Scatter
Menyebar, menghamburkan
Disperse
Scent
Mencium, wangi wangian
Smell/fragrance
Screen
Layer, tabir, melindungi, sekat Shield
Search
Pencarian, penyelidikan
Seek
Sequence
Rangkaian, urutan, rentetan
Order
Shake
Gelengan, gemetar, goncangan Tremble
Shatter
Menghancurkan, hancur, pecah Break
Short
Singkat, pendek, celana dalam Brief
Shortly
Segera, tak lama lagi, sesaat
Soon
Shout
Teriakan, bersorak,meneriakan Yell
Show
Mempertunjukan, pameran
Display
Shy
Malu, pemalu
Timid/bashful
Sight
Penglihatan, melihat, rupa
Vision
Significance Arti
Importance
Simple
Sederhana, mudah, biasa
Plain
Sin
Dosa, berdosa
Offense
Sincerely
Sungguh sungguh
Truly
Single
Bujang, satu, tunggal
One
Site
Tempat
Location
Sleek
Manis, sedap, halus, licin
Smooth
Sleep
Tidur, memberi tempat tidur
Slumber
Slender
Langsing,ramping,kecil,lembut Slim

Cepat, lekas
Jarang, langka
Ter-buru2, singkat,sembrono
Tiba,sampai,datang,mencapai
Mengingat (kembali)
Mengingat, menyampaikan sl
Menerima, mengambil
Sambutan, menyambut
Benar,tepat,baik,membetulkan
T perlindungan, menginap
Sampah, rongsoka, kotoran
Memperkuat
Menceriterakan, mengatakan
Dpt dipercaya/diandalkan
Segan, enggan diajak, tak mau
Perawatan, menyembuhkan
Jauh, luas, tidak ramah
Memarahi
Penyelamatan, menabung
Serupa, mirip
Tinggal, menyerah, menahan
Tempat tinggal/kediaman
Penghargaan, menghargai
Jawaban, menjawab, sahutan
Tekun
Akibat, kemuliaan
Pameran, mempertunjukan
Kaya
Mustahil, tak masuk akal
Mengeluyur, mengembara
Mencuri, membolos
Perselisihan, bertengkar
Memerintah, menguasahi
Tsenang,miskin,menyedihkan
Terjamin, aman, menjamin
Menyelamatkan, menolong
Memanjatkan , mengucapkan
Jarang, tipis
Membubarkan, membubarkan
Bau, mencium, keharuman
Perisai, melindungi,pelindung
Mencari,meminta,diketemukan
Perintah,pesanan,tt tertib,acara
Gemetar, menggigil, bergetar
Patah, memecahkan, istirahat
Singkat, memberi pen ringkas
Segera
Sorakan, teriakan, berteriak
Pameran, mengibarkan(a flag)
Takut2an, takut,malu2, segan
Penglihatan,pandangan,impian
Pentingnya, kepentingan
Dataran, sederhana, biasa,jelas
Sakithati,serangan,pelanggaran
Sungguh sungguh, betul betul
Satu, se,suatu, sso, orangnya
Tempat (a house), letaknya
Halus, licin, lancer, ramah
Tidur
Ramping, langsing,kecil,lemah
116

117

SDM 31 May 2005 11:02:15 AM

Small
Smell
Snare
Soar
Sorrow
Sorry
Sort
Souvenir
Spacious
Sparkle
Splendid
Squander
Stable
Startle
Starve
State
Stationary
Stay
Stern
Stiff
Still
Stop
Story
Steed
Strength
Stress
Strike
Strong
Stubborn
Stupid
Subject
Sufficient
Suitable
Summit
Summon
Superior
System
Surrender
Surround
Swift
Symbol
Sympathetic
Take care,
Talk
Tame
Temporary
Tested
Thief
Thin
Thrust
Topple
Tie
Tired
Total
Transparent
Trash
Trick

Kecil, ringan, remeh,sederhana

Bau, mencium, berbau
Jerat, perangkap, menjerat
Membbng tinggi, melonjak
Dukacita, penderitaan
Menyesal, menyedihkan, maaf
Orang, macam, rupa, menyortir
Tanda mata, oleh oleh
Luas, lapang
Kilau,ber- kilau,cahaya berkelip
Baik skl, enak, tampan
Menghabiskan dg sia sia
Kandang, stabil, seimbang,tetap
Mengejutkan, mengagetkan
Memaksa, mati kelaparan
Neg, keadaan, kebesaran
Tak bergerak/berubah
Tinggal, penundaan, ruji (pyng)
Buritan, keras, jahat, tegang,brk
Kaku, keras, kuat, kencang, brt
Tenang, masih, keheningan
Perhentian, berhenti, macet
Ceritera, kisah, riwayat
Kuda
Kekuatan,tenaga,daya,prosentase
Ketegangan,memberi tekanan pd
Serangan, melanggar, memukul
Kuat, keras, bersemangat, pekat
Keras kpl, bandel,susahdihilangk
Bodoh, tolol, dungu
Pokok, persoalan, mt pelajaran
Cukup
Pantas, cocok, sesuai
Puncak
Memanggil, memerintahkan
Ulung, unggul, tinggi,lebih besar
Cara, sistim, susunan, jaringan
Menyerah(kan), melepaskan
Mengepung, mengelilingi
Sejenis, cepat, laju, tangkas
Lambang, simbul, tanda
Simpatik
Berhati hati
Percakapan, berbicara, omongan
Jinak, lemah, menjinakan
Sementara
Diuji, dicoba
Pencuri, maling
Tipis, encer, lemah, kurus,jarang
Dorong, mendorong, berdesakan
Merobohkan,mjatuhkan,tumbang
Mengikat, tali, mengikatkan
Lelah, letih, payah
Jumlah, total, berjml, mutlak
Jernih,tembuh cahaya,nyata,jelas
Sampah, barang rongsokan
Akal,muslihat,permainan,menipu

Little
Scent
Trap
Rise
Grief
Remorseful
Kind
Moments
Vast
Glitter
Magnificent
Waste
Firm
Frighten
Famished
Condition
Still
Remain
Strict
Rigid
Motionless
End
Tale
Horse
Power
Emphasize
Hit
Powerful
Obstinate
Foolish
Topic
Enough
Appropriate
Top
Call
Higher
Method
Yield/submit
Encircle
Quick
Sign
Compassionate
Receive
Speak
Gentle
Short live
Tried
Burglar
Lean
Push
Fall
Fasten
Weary
Whole
Clear
Rubbish
Hoax

Sedikit, kecil
Bau, penciuman, mencium
Perangkap, menjerat, menjebak
Kenaikan, naiknya, tanjakan
Dukacita, kesedihan
P rasa penyesalan, menyesal skl
Macam, baik ht, manis, saying
Saat, sebentar, waktu, momen
Luas, sangat banyak
Kemegahan, gemerlapan
Bagus sekali (performance)
Pemborosan, memboroskan
Tetap, tegas, kokoh, kuat,keras
Menakuti, menderita takut
Sangat lapar
Keadaan, memelihara, kondisi
Keheningan, tenang, masih
Tinggal, tetap, sisa, bekas
Keras, sempurna, tepat, teliti
Kaku, keras, berat, sukar
Tak bergerak
Akhir, bag akhir, dasar, berakir
Hikayat, kisah,ceritera,dongeng
Kuda
Kekuasaan, tenaga, kekuatan
Menekankan, menegaskan
Pukulan, sukses, memukul
Sangat kuat
Keras kepala, bandel, kepala bt
Bodoh, tolol, nekat
Pokok(pembicaraan),buah bibir
Cukup
Tepat, cocok, menyediakan
Puncak, juara, bumbungan
Panggilan, teriak, memanggil
Lebih tinggi
Cara, metoda
Hasil, mengalah, menyerah
Mengelilingi, mengepung
Cepat, lekas,daging dibwh kuku
Tanda, jejak, menandatangani
Sangat merasa kasihan
Menerima, mendpt,menyambut
Mengatakan, berbicara, berpdto
Lemah lembut, jinak, sepoi2
Sementara, tidak kekal
Dicoba, mencoba
Pencuri, maling
Kurus, menyandarkan, miring
Dorongan, serangan,mendorong
Jatuh, runtuhnya, surut, turun
Mengikatkan, mengunci
Capek, letih, bosan,membosank
(Ke)seluruh(an),jumlah,lengkap
Terang,cerah,bersih,jelas,koson
Sampah, kotoran, rosokan
Crita bohong,memperdayakan

Sdm 11:16:45 AM
117

118

Trouble
True
Trust
Try
Tumult
Twinkle
Understand
Unique
Unknown
Usually
Unscrupulous
Uncommon
Urge
Urgent
Vacant
Vain
Valiant
Valid
Value
Vanquish
Variety
Victory
Vital
Vivid
Want
Watch
War
Weak
Wealthy
Weep
Weigh
Welcome
Withdraw
Wonder
Wrath
Wreath
Wretched
Yield
Youthful

Kesukaran, menyusahkan
Benar, betul, pas, sejati, sah
Kepercayaan, mempercayahi
Mencoba, berusaha, percobaan
Kegemparan,keributan,huruhara
Kelip, ber-kelip2. ber-sinar2
Mengerti, paham, mengetahui
Unik, khas, khusus
Hal yg tak dikenal/diketahui
Biasanya
Tak mengindahkan moral, jahat
Luar biasa
Keinginan, dorongan, mendesak
Mendesak, penting
Kosong, lowong, ngelamun
Sombong (person), sia sia
(gagah) berani
Sah, absah, benar, sahih
Nilai, menilai, menghargai
Menaklukan, mengalahkan
Macam, keseragaman, selingan
Kemenangan
Hdp,sangat ptg, amat diperlukan
Hdp, bersemangat, giat
Kebutuhan, ingin, mau,meminta
Jaga, memperhatikan, menjaga
Perang, peperangan, berperang
Lemah, rendah, encer
Kaya
Mencucurkan air mata,menangis
Menimbang,mempertimbangkan
Sambutan, selamat dating
Menarik diri, mengambil
Ingin tahu, mengira, keajaiban
Kegusaran, kemurkaan,kemurka
Rangkaian bunga berbtlingkaran
Celaka, malang, sial
Hasil, panenan, menghasilkan
Kelihatan muda

Distress
Genuine
Believe
Attempt
Commotion
Sparkle
Comprehend
Exceptional
Obscure
Generally
Ruthless
Unusual
Press
Pressing
Empty
Conceited
Brave
Sound
Worth
Conquer
Assortment
Triumph
Essential
Clear
Need
Look
Battle
Puny
Rich
Cry
Measure
Greet
Retire
Amazement
Anger
Ring
Miserable
Produce
Young.

Sukar,berbahaya,menyusahkan
Sejati,asli,tulen,iklas,sungguh2
Percaya, mempercayai
Percobaan, mencoba
Keributan, huruhara, kegempar
Ber-kilau2an, cahaya berkelip
Memahami, mengerti
Luar biasa, sangat, sekali
Tak jelas/dikenal, menggelapk
Umumnya, biasanya
Zalim, kejam, bengis
Luar biasa
Tekanan, menekan,mendesak
Sst untuk disetrika, mendesak
Kosong, hampa,mengosongkan
Kecongkaan, kesombongan
Berani, memberanikan dr thd
Bunyi, suara
Harga, bernilai, cukup baik
Menaklukan, mengatasi
Campuran, bermacam macam
Kemenangan,hasil,keberhasilan
Perlu, sifat dasar, perlu sekali
Terang, cerah,jelas,bersih,encer
Keperluan, perlu, memerlukan
Pandangan, paras, melihat
Peperangan,berjuang,bertempur
Lemah, kecil, remeh
Kaya, subur, berharga, penuh
Teriakan, pekik, menangis
Ukuran, mengukur, tindakan
Menyambut, salam
Memberhentikan, mundur
Keheranan, ketakjuban
Marah, membuat marah,amarah
Jaringan, lingkaran, memukul
Tdksenang,menyedihkan,miskin
Hasil, menghasilkan, membuat
Anak, muda,masih baru

Typed by Sudirman 5/31/2005 11:26:36 AM

KLAS X D TAHUN 2004

M. SETO SUDIRMAN CS
Typed by Sudirman 6/28/2005 9:30:44 PM
118

119

121

LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

( R : menunjukkan bahwa regular verbs juga terjadi )
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Verb1/
Present
1
Abide
Arise
Awake
Bear
Beat
Become
Befall
Begin
Behold
Bend
Bereave
Beseech
Bet
Bid
Bind
Bite
Bleed
Blend
Blow
Break
Breed
Bring
Build
Burn
Burst
Buy
Cast
Catch
Chide
Choose
Cleave
Cling
Come
Cost
Creep
Crow
Cut
Deal
Dig
Do

Past tense /
Verb2
2
Abode
Arose
Awoke
Bore
Beat
Became
Befell
Began
Beheld
Bent
Bereft
Besought
Bet
Bade
Bound
Bit
Bleed
Blent
Blew
Broke
Bred
Brought
Built
Burnt
Burst
Bought
Cast
Caught
Chide
Chose
Clove/cleft
Clung
Came
Cost
Crept
Crew
Cut
Dealt
Dug
Did

Verb3/ Past
Participle
3
Abode
Arisen
Awoke
Borne
Beaten
Become
Befallen
Begun
Beheld
Bent
Bereft
Besought
Bet
Bidden
Bound
Bitten
Bled
Blent
Blown
Broken
Bred
Brought
Built
Burnt
Burst
Bought
Cast
Caught
Chidden/chid
Chosen
Cloven /cleft
Clung
Come
Cost
Crept
Crowed
Cut
Dealt
Dug
Done

Verb1+ing/
Ing-form
4
Abiding
Arising
Awaking
Bearing
Beating
Becoming
Befalling
Beginning
Beholding
Bending
Bereaving
Beseeching
Betting
Biding
Binding
Biting
Bleeding
Blending
Blowing
Breaking
Breeding
Bringing
Building
Burning
Bursting
Buying
Casting
Catching
Chiding
Choosing
Cleaving
Clinging
Coming
Costing
Creeping
Crowing
Cutting
Dealing
Digging
Doing

Meaning / Arti kata

5
Ada, berdiam, tinggal
Timbul, bangun.
Bangun
Menanggung, melahirkan
memukul, mengalahkan
Menjadi
Menimpa
Memulai
Melihat
Membengkokkan
Kehilangan
Memohon
Taruhan, bertaruh
Tawaran, menawar
Terjepit, mengikat
Menggigit
Berdarah, berkorban
Campuran, mencampur
Meniup, membunyikan
Istirahat, mematahkan
Memelihara, membiakkan
Membawa, mengambilkan
Membangun
Membakar, pembakaran
Ledakan, meledak
Membeli
Melemparkan
Menangkap
Mencaci
Memilih, memutuskan
Membelah, memotong
Berpegang teguh
Datang, sampai
Ongkos, korban, berharga
Merangkak, bergerak
Kokok ayam, berkokok
Memotong, memangkas
Trans,membagi, memberi
Galian, menggali
Melakukan, berbuat

Sdm 3/23/04 7:04:11 PM

119

120

No

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
89
80
81
82
83
84

1/Verb1

Draw
Dream
Drink
Drive
Dwell
Eat
Fall
Feed
Feel
Fight
Find
Flee
Fling
Fly
Forbear
Forbid
Forget
Forgive
Forsake
Freeze
Get
Gird
Give
Go
Grind
Grow
Hang
Hear
Heave
Hew
Hide
Hit
Hold
Hurt
Keep
Kneel
Knit
Know
Lay
Lead
Lean
Leap
Learn
Leave

2 / Verb2

Drew
Dreamt
Drank
Drove
Dwelt
Ate
Fell
Fed
Felt
Fought
Found
Fled
Flung
Flew
Forbore
Forbade
Forgot
Forgave
Forsook
Froze
Got
Girt
Gave
Went
Ground
Grew
Hung
Heard
Hove
Hewed
Hid
Hit
Held
Hurt
Kept
Knelt
Knit
Knew
Laid
Led
Leant/lent

Leapt
Learnt
Left

3 / Verb3

Drawn
Dreamt
Drunk
Driven
Dwelt
Eaten
Fallen
Fed
Felt
Fought
Found
Fled
Flung
Flown
Forborne
Forbidden
Forgotten
Forgiven
Forsaken
Frozen
Got
Girt
Given
Gone
Ground
Grown
Hung
Heard
Hove
Hewn
Hidden
Hit
Held
Hurt
Kept
Knelt
Knit
Known
Laid
Led
Leant /lent
Leapt
Learnt
Left

4/ing-form

Drawing
Dreaming
Drinking
Driving
Dwelling
Eating
Falling
Feeding
Feeling
Fighting
Finding
Fleeing
Flinging
Flying
Forbearing
Forbidding
Forgetting
Forgiving
Forsaking
Freezing
Getting
Girding
Giving
Going
Grinding
Growing
Hanging
Hearing
Heaving
Hewing
Hiding
Hitting
Holding
Hurting
Keeping
Kneeling
Knitting
Knowing
Laying
Leading
Leaning
Leaping
Learning
Leaving

5 / Meaning

Tarikan, menggambar
Bermimpi, membayangkan
Minuman, minum
Mengendarai
Tinggal, mendiami
Makan
Jatuh, turun, musim gugur
Memberi makan, makanan
Rasa, merasa, sentuhan
Berkelahi
Menemukan, mengenai
Melarikan diri, menghilang
Melemparkan,menghempas
Menerbangkan, berkibar
Menahan diri, mengelak
Melarang, yang terlarang
Lupa, melupakan
Memaafkan, mengampuni
Meninggalkan,mengabaikan
Penyetopan, membeku
Memperoleh, mengambil
Bersiap siap
Memberi, menyumbang
Pergi, berangkat, berlalu
Menggerinda, menggiling
Tumbuh, menanami
Menggantungkan, melekatk
Mendengar
Membongkar, mengangkat
Memegang pada
Menyembunyikan,sembuny
Memukul, mengenai
Memegang, menggendong
Menyakiti, merugikan
Menyimpan, memelihara
Berlutut, bersujut
Merajut, bersatu kembali
Mengetahui, kenal pada
Meletakkan, bertelur
Memimpin, menjalani
Menyandarkan, condong
Melompati, berjingkrak
Mempelajari, mendengar
Meninggalkan, membiarkan

Sudirman SP.d 6/17/00 8:41:58 PM

120

121

No
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
89
80
81
82
83
84

1/Verb1
Draw
Dream
Drink
Drive
Dwell
Eat
Fall
Feed
Feel
Fight
Find
Flee
Fling
Fly
Forbear
Forbid
Forget
Forgive
Forsake
Freeze
Get
Gird
Give
Go
Grind
Grow
Hang
Hear
Heave
Hew
Hide
Hit
Hold
Hurt
Keep
Kneel
Knit
Know
Lay
Lead
Lean
Leap
Learn
Leave

2 / Verb2
Drew
Dreamt
Drank
Drove
Dwelt
Ate
Fell
Fed
Felt
Fought
Found
Fled
Flung
Flew
Forbore
Forbade
Forgot
Forgave
Forsook
Froze
Got
Girt
Gave
Went
Ground
Grew
Hung
Heard
Hove
Hewed
Hid
Hit
Held
Hurt
Kept
Knelt
Knit
Knew
Laid
Led
Leant/lent
Leapt
Learnt
Left

3 / Verb3
Drawn
Dreamt
Drunk
Driven
Dwelt
Eaten
Fallen
Fed
Felt
Fought
Found
Fled
Flung
Flown
Forborne
Forbidden
Forgotten
Forgiven
Forsaken
Frozen
Got
Girt
Given
Gone
Ground
Grown
Hung
Heard
Hove
Hewn
Hidden
Hit
Held
Hurt
Kept
Knelt
Knit
Known
Laid
Led
Leant /lent
Leapt
Learnt
Left

4/ing-form
Drawing
Dreaming
Drinking
Driving
Dwelling
Eating
Falling
Feeding
Feeling
Fighting
Finding
Fleeing
Flinging
Flying
Forbearing
Forbidding
Forgetting
Forgiving
Forsaking
Freezing
Getting
Girding
Giving
Going
Grinding
Growing
Hanging
Hearing
Heaving
Hewing
Hiding
Hitting
Holding
Hurting
Keeping
Kneeling
Knitting
Knowing
Laying
Leading
Leaning
Leaping
Learning
Leaving

5 / Meaning
Tarikan, menggambar
Bermimpi, membayangkan
Minuman, minum
Mengendarai
Tinggal, mendiami
Makan
Jatuh, turun, musim gugur
Memberi makan, makanan
Rasa, merasa, sentuhan
Berkelahi
Menemukan, mengenai
Melarikan diri, menghilang
Melemparkan,menghempas
Menerbangkan, berkibar
Menahan diri, mengelak
Melarang, yang terlarang
Lupa, melupakan
Memaafkan, mengampuni
Meninggalkan,mengabaikan
Penyetopan, membeku
Memperoleh, mengambil
Bersiap siap
Memberi, menyumbang
Pergi, berangkat, berlalu
Menggerinda, menggiling
Tumbuh, menanami
Menggantungkan, melekatk
Mendengar
Membongkar, mengangkat
Memegang pada
Menyembunyikan,sembuny
Memukul, mengenai
Memegang, menggendong
Menyakiti, merugikan
Menyimpan, memelihara
Berlutut, bersujut
Merajut, bersatu kembali
Mengetahui, kenal pada
Meletakkan, bertelur
Memimpin, menjalani
Menyandarkan, condong
Melompati, berjingkrak
Mempelajari, mendengar
Meninggalkan, membiarkan

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1 / Verb 1

2 / Verb 2

3 / Verb 3

4 / ing-form

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Smell
Smite
Sow
Speak
Speed
Spell
Spend
Spill
Spin
Spit
Split
Spoil
Spread
Spring
Stand
Steal
Stick
Sting
Stink
Strew
Stride
Strike
String
Strive
Swear
Sweat
Sweep
Swell
Swim
Swing
Take
Teach
Tear
Tell
Think
Thrive
Throw
Thrust
Tread
Understand
Wake
Wear
Weave
Weep
Win
Wind
Withdraw
Withhold
Withstand
Wring
Write

Smelt
Smote
Sowed
Spoke
Sped
Spelt
Spent
Spilt
Spun, span
Spat
Split
Spoilt
Spread
Sprang
Stood
Stole
Stuck
Stung
Stank,
stunk
Strewed
Strode
Struck
Strung
Strove
Swore
Sweat
Swept
Swelled
Swam
Swung
Took
Taught
Tore
Told
Thought
Throve
Threw
Thrust
Trod
Understood
Woke
Wore
Wove
Wept
Won
Wound
Withdrew
Withheld
Withstood
Wrung
Wrote

Smelt
Smitten
Sown
Spoken
Sped
Spelt
Spent
Spilt
Spun
Spat
Split
Spoilt
Spread
Sprung
Stood
Stolen
Stuck
Stung
Stunk
Strewn
Stridden
Struck
Strung
Striven
Sworn
Sweat
Swept
Swollen
Swum
swung
Taken
Taught
Torn
Told
Thought
Thriven
Thrown
Thrust
Trodden
Understood
Woke
Worn
Woven
Wept
Won
Wound
Withdrawn
Withheld
Withstood
Wrung
Written

Smelling
Smiting
Sowing
Speaking
Speeding
Spelling
Spending
Spilling
Spinning
Spiting
Splitting
Spoiling
Spreading
Springing
Standing
Stealing
Sticking
Stinging
Stinking
Strewing
Striding
Striking
Stringing
Striving
Swearing
Sweating
Sweeping
Swelling
Swimming
Swinging
Taking
Teaching
Tearing
Telling
Thinking
Thriving
Throwing
Thrusting
Treading
Understanding
Waking
Wearing
Weaving
Weeping
Winning
Winding
Withdrawing
Withholding
Withstanding
Wringing
Writing

5 / Meaning

Berbau, mencium
Memukul, cinta menc
Menaburkan, menyeb
Berbicara, berpidato
Mempercepat, perneli
Mengeja, menggantik
Menghabiskan
Jatuh (jb), meluap
Memutar, berputar
Air ludah, meludah
Membelah, membagi
Memanjakan, basi
Menyiarkan, memoles
Membocorkan, retak
Berdiri, menempatkan
Mencuri, membolos
Menusuk, memasuka
Menyengat, melukai
Berbau busuk/keras
Menaburkan, bertebar
Melangkah / I
Menabrak, menemuka
Mengintai, mengupas
Berusaha/bekerja kera
Mengucapkan, sumpa
Peluh, berkeringat
Menyapu, membujur
Menambah besar
Berenang
Mengayunkan
Mengambil, menerim
Mengajar
Merobek, mengoyaka
Menceriterakan
Piker, memikirkan
Tumbuh dg subur
Melemparkan
Memasukan, mendoro
Menempuh, menginja
Mengerti
Membangunkan
Memakai, melicinkan
Menenun, menyusun
Menangis, mencucurk
Memenangkan
Memutar, melilit
Menarik, mengambil
Menyembunyikan
Menahan, bertahan
Meremas remas, pijit
menulis
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SUPIATI SSiT, M.KES ANGGOTA SENAT POLTEKES SURAKARTA

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