Passive Voice

LENDRA KERTA PUTRA, S.S., M.M.

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana

subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti
(receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.
Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan
bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif,
namun hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.
Pengertian Transitive dan Intransitive Verb

Transitive verb adalah kata kerja yang diikuti direct object untuk menerima aksi (contoh:
hit, touch, buy) dari subject. Sebaliknya,
Intransitive verb adalah kata kerja yang tidak diikuti oleh direct object sebagai penerima
aksi (contoh: arrive, go, cry) karena memang aksi yang dilakukan tidak melibatkan direct
object.

Contoh Kalimat Transitive Verb :

Contoh Kalimat Transitive Verb Pertanyaan

After practicing for an hour, the player could hit the
tennis ball over the net.
(Setelah berlatih selama satujam, pemain tersebut
dapat memukul bola tenis melewati net.)
He met his child’s teacher this morning.
(Dia menemui guru anaknya pagi ini.)
What could the player hit over the net? The tennis
ball.
(Apa yang dapat pemain tersebut pukul melewati net?
Bola tenis.)
Whom did he meet this morning? His child’s teacher.
(Siapa yang dia temui pagi ini? Guru anaknya.)
Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs
Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat
dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack,
look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan.
Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.
Contoh:
• I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great
new idea is had by me.
• The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan:
Aspartame is contained by the snack.
Direct Object (DO)

Direct object adalah noun, pronoun, atau noun subsitute  pada suatu kalimat yang

menerima aksi atau merupakan sasaran dari verb.

Direct object menjawab pertanyaan “whom” atau “what” setelah action verb.
Adapun kata kerja yang digunakan adalah transitive verb, yaitu kata kerja yang
harus diikuti oleh direct object untuk menjadikan makna kalimatnya lengkap atau
“make sense”.
Contoh Kalimat Direct Object :

Rezky taught math. –> taught what?

1.
(Rezky mengajar matematika. –> mengajar apa?)

I have read the journal. —> have read what?

2.
(Saya telah membaca jurnal. –> telah membaca apa?)

She called her mother. –> called whom?

3.
(Dia menelepon ibunya. –> menelepon siapa?)
Contoh Kalimat Direct Object :

Rezky taught math. –> taught what?

1.
(Rezky mengajar matematika. –> mengajar apa?)

I have read the journal. —> have read what?

2.
(Saya telah membaca jurnal. –> telah membaca apa?)

She called her mother. –> called whom?

3.
(Dia menelepon ibunya. –> menelepon siapa?)
Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini :

Catatan:
Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was,
were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being,
was/were being, has/have been) atau antara primary dan 
modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been); sedangkan past participle
yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.
 Ciri Kalimat

Pasive Voice
•to be + V3  dan kata by (kata ini bukan merupakan syarat yang harus ada
dalam kalimat pasif )
•Yang dapat dijadikan kalimat passive adalah Verbal Sentence (kalimat yang
predikatnya kata kerja/V)
•Verbal sentence yang dapat dirubah ke Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah
kalimat yang memiliki objek penderita.
Perubahan aktif ke pasif atau sebaliknya tidak merubah makna kalimat.
Perubahan iti terjadi hanya pada struktur kalimatnya saja.
Pola passive voice pada  tensis
Ada pola yang terbentuk pada penggunaan Active voice dan Pasive voice, yaitu sebagai berikut:

1. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau
2. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah
(has/have) been + being.
3. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had
been + being.
4. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be +
being.
5. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah would be + being.
6. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah will have been + being.
7. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah would have been + being
Pola passive voice pada tensis
Ada pola yang terbentuk pada penggunaan Active voice dan Pasive voice, yaitu sebagai berikut:

8. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
9. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
10. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
11. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
12. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
13. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’
14. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau
are) + 
15. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were)
+ being.
 Contoh Kalimat
Pasive voice
Passive  : They are met by him everyday ( Mereka bertemu dengannya setiap hari).
Passive  : This plant is watered by her every two days ( Tanaman ini disiram oleh dia setiap dua hari)
Passive  : They were met by him yesterday ( Mereka bertemu dengan dia kemarin)
Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning (Tanaman ini itu disiram oleh pagi ini)
Passive  : They have been met by him (Mereka telah  bertemu dengannya)
Passive  : This plant has been watered by her for 10 minutes (Tanaman ini telah telah disiram oleh dia selama  10
menit).
Passive  : They had been met by him before I came (Mereka telah terpenuhi oleh dia sebelum aku datang)
Passive  : This plant had been watered by her for 10 minutes when I got here  (Tanaman ini telah telah disiram oleh
dia selama 10 menit ketika aku di sini)
Passive  : They will be met by him tomorrow (Mereka akan bertemu dengannya besok).
Passive  : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon (Tanaman ini akan disiram oleh nya sore ini)
Passive  : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week (Tanaman akan dipanen oleh petani
minggu depan)
Passive  : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow (Mereka akan telah dipenuhi oleh dia
sebelum aku sampai di sana besok)
Passive  : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon ( Tanaman ini akan telah
disiram oleh dia sebelum mendapatkan di sini sore ini)
Passive  : They would have been met by him (Mereka akan telahbertemu dengannya)
Passive  : This plant would have been watered by her (Tanaman ini akan telah disiram olehnya)
Contoh:
• She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive).
• He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)
Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara
regular atau irregular.
Contoh:
• play (base form) —> played (past participle)
• sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject be PP
I am paid in dollars.
I am paid
(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)

The red velvet recipe is used by many people.

the red velvet recipe is used
(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)

All of my shoes are washed every month.

all of my shoes are washed
(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)

Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by

large amounts of many people in the countries.
are consumed
meat and milk (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh
banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)

The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.

the book was edited
(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.

the books were edited
(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
REVIEW
 When a sentence is in passive voice, the subject is being
acted on by the verb and the subject typically comes
after the action.
For example:
• Swimming is something I do. Here, the action is
swimming. The subject is I. The sentence is in passive
voice, since the person doing the action (I) is not
mentioned until after the action
Tips to Recognize the Passive Voice
Sometimes a sentence in passive voice does not necessarily sound "wrong" or
wordy. However, it is still best to write in active voice when possible.
In order to recognize that a sentence is in passive voice, watch out for these
keywords:
 Be

 Is

 Are

 A

 Was

 Were

 Has been

 Have been

 Will be

 Being
PRACTICE CHANGING PASSIVE TO ACTIVE VOICE

Correct the following five sentences to practice changing passive to active

voice. The answers are below:
 The jar is filled with sand.

 Reading is enjoyed by Mary.

 The town was destroyed by fire.

 The room will be cleaned by John every Saturday.

 Cheese was eaten by Sara.

Answers to Practice Sentences

 Sand filled the jar. (Sand is the subject, filled is the action)

 Mary enjoys reading. (Mary is the subject, enjoys is the action)

 Fire destroyed the town. (Fire is the subject, destroyed is the action)

 John will clean the room every Saturday. (John is the subject, clean is the
action)
 Sara ate the cheese. (Sara is the subject, ate is the action)
Contoh Kalimat
Dibawah ini adalah contoh dari kalimat Pasive voice, yaitu:
Pasive voice
Passive  : They are met by him everyday ( Mereka bertemu dengannya setiap hari).
Passive  : This plant is watered by her every two days ( Tanaman ini disiram oleh dia setiap dua hari)
Passive  : They were met by him yesterday ( Mereka bertemu dengan dia kemarin)
Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning (Tanaman ini itu disiram oleh pagi ini)
Passive  : They have been met by him (Mereka telah  bertemu dengannya)
Passive  : This plant has been watered by her for 10 minutes (Tanaman ini telah telah disiram oleh dia selama  10
menit).
Passive  : They had been met by him before I came (Mereka telah terpenuhi oleh dia sebelum aku datang)
Passive  : This plant had been watered by her for 10 minutes when I got here  (Tanaman ini telah telah disiram oleh
dia selama 10 menit ketika aku di sini)
Passive  : They will be met by him tomorrow (Mereka akan bertemu dengannya besok).
Passive  : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon (Tanaman ini akan disiram oleh nya sore ini)
Passive  : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week (Tanaman akan dipanen oleh petani
minggu depan)
Passive  : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow (Mereka akan telah dipenuhi oleh dia
sebelum aku sampai di sana besok)
Passive  : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon ( Tanaman ini akan telah
disiram oleh dia sebelum mendapatkan di sini sore ini)
Passive  : They would have been met by him (Mereka akan telahbertemu dengannya)
Passive  : This plant would have been watered by her (Tanaman ini akan telah disiram olehnya)
PASSIVE VOICE

1. Potatoes, black beans and chesnuts … raw.

a. were rarely consumed
b. are rarely consumed
2. Fio … by one of the waitress now.
c. is being served
d. is served
3. The new member enjoys … into our support group.
e. being received
f. be received
4. You … if you meet the minimum requirements for this job.
g. would be contacted
h. will be contacted
5. Nothing … except his credit card.
i. has been stolen
j. has stolen
PASSIVE VOICE

6. The buildings … of marble and granite.

a. were made
b. was made
7. A negative anonymous letter … on my car this morning.
a. was left
b. is left
8. … with all my stories?
a. did you bored
b. were you bored
9. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia … by the Committee for Examination
of Indonesian Independence and the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence.
a. were written
b. was written
10. I want to know why a woman prefers … by a man.
a. to managed
b. to be managed
PASSIVE VOICE a. were made
1. Potatoes, black beans and chesnuts … raw. b. was made
a. were rarely consumed 6. A negative anonymous letter … on my car this
b. are rarely consumed morning.
2. Fio … by one of the waitress now. a. was left
a. is being served b. is left
b. is served
3. The new member enjoys … into our support
group. 7. … with all my stories?
a. being received a. did you bored
b. be received b. were you bored
4. You … if you meet the minimum requirements 8. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of
for this job. Indonesia … by the Committee for
a. would be contacted Examination of Indonesian Independence and
b. will be contacted the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian
5. Nothing … except his credit card. Independence.
a. has been stolen a. were written
b. has stolen b. was written
6. The buildings … of marble and granite. 9. I want to know why a woman prefers … by a
man.
a. to managed
b. to be managed