Chapter 3 Lecture

Basic Chemistry
Fourth Edition

Chapter 3 Matter and Energy

3.3 Temperature

Learning Goal Given a temperature,

calculate a corresponding value on
another temperature scale.

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 Temperature

Temperature
• is a measure of how hot or cold an object is
compared to another object
• is measured using a thermometer
• is measured and reported in Celsius (C) units
in science

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 Temperature Scales

Temperature scales
• are Fahrenheit, Celsius,
and Kelvin
• have reference points
for the boiling and
freezing points of water

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 Suhu mutlak
Suhu diukur pada skala Kelvin:
0 Kelvin = -273,15 derajat Celcius.

Temperatur absolut secara langsung berkaitan

dengan (kinetik) energi melalui persamaan
E = kB.T, di mana kB adalah milik konstanta
Boltzmann.
Jadi, suhu 0 K sesuai dengan nol energi

http://id.termwiki.com/ID:absolute_temperature_%E2%82%81
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 Suhu mutlak
suhu nol mutlak adalah suhu terendah yg mungkin terjadi/
derajat panas suatu benda yg didasarkan pada derajat
termometer kelvin (K) pada suhu nol mutlak molekul tidak dapat
bergerak.

atau pengertian lainnya Suhu nol mutlak adalah temperatur

terendah yang bisa dicapai oleh setiap atom di alam semesta ini.

Nol mutlak ada pada -273.15 derajat Celcius/0 derajat Kelvin,

dan tidak ada temperatur yang lebih rendah dari itu di alam
semesta ini, termasuk di luar angkasa. Karena pada temperatur
tersebut, gerakan atom terhadap atom lain akan berhenti.
http://brainly.co.id/tugas/28849

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 http://www.sridianti.com/pengertian-suhu-kelvin.html

Atom-atom dan molekul dalam suatu zat tidak selalu

bergerak dengan kecepatan yang sama.
Ini berarti bahwa ada berbagai energi (energi gerak) antara
molekul. Pada gas, misalnya, molekul bergerak dalam arah
acak pada berbagai kecepatan (ada yang cepat dan ada
yang lambat).
Suhu adalah ukuran panas rata-rata atau energi kalor dari
partikel dalam suatu zat. Karena pengukuran rata-rata,
tidak tergantung pada jumlah partikel dalam suatu benda.
Dalam arti bahwa ia tidak tergantung pada ukuran itu.
Sebagai contoh, suhu secangkir kecil air mendidih sama
dengan suhu panci besar air mendidih.
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 http://www.sridianti.com/pengertian-suhu-kelvin.html
Suhu adalah derajat panas atau dinginnya suatu benda.
Ketika kita berbicara tentang sesuatu yang dirasa panas
(seperti sup yang kita minum ketika sakit) atau dingin
(seperti salju, terutama jika Anda sedang tidak
mengenakan sarung tangan), saat itu kita berbicara tentang
suhu.
Suhu suatu benda, biasanya diukur dalam derajat
Fahrenheit atau-derajat-Celcius, yang memberitahu kita
berapa banyak panas, atau energi yang dimiliki benda.
Secangkir air yang mendidih memiliki molekul yang sangat
aktif bergerak sangat cepat dan menghasilkan panas yang
kita rasakan di tangan dan wajah kita. Benda dingin tidak
memiliki banyak energi. Molekul mereka jauh lebih kecil 7
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keaktifannya
 KONVERSI SUHU
• Celcius ke Fahrenheit = (9/5 x celcius) + 32

• Celcius ke Reamur = 4/5 x celcius

• Fahrenheit ke Celsius = 5/9 x (fahrenheit - 32)

• Fahrenheit ke Reamur = 4/9 x (fahrenheit - 32)

• Reamur ke Fahrenheit = (9/4 x reamur) + 32

• Reamur ke Celsius = 5/4 x reamur

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 KONVERSI SUHU
Skala yang
Formula Skala yang diinginkan Formula
diinginkan
Celsius °C = K − 273,15
kelvin K = °C + 273,15
°F = K × 1,8 −
Fahrenheit Fahrenheit °F = °C × 1,8 + 32
459,67
Rankine °Ra = K × 1,8 °Ra = 1,8 × (°C +
Rankine
491,67)

Skala yang
Formula
diinginkan Skala yang dinginkan Formula

kelvin K = °Ra / 1,8

kelvin K = (°F + 459,67) / 1,8
°C = °Ra / 1,8 +
Celsius
273,15
Celsius °C = (°F − 32) / 1,8

Fahrenheit °F = °Ra - 459,67 Rankine °Ra = °F + 459,67

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 Learning Check

A. What is the temperature of freezing water?

(1) 0 F (2) 0 C (3) 0 K

B. What is the temperature of boiling water?

(1) 100 F (2) 32 F (3) 373 K

C. How many Celsius units are between the

boiling and freezing points of water?
(1) 100 (2) 180 (3) 273

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 Solution

A. What is the temperature of freezing water?

(2) 0 C

B. What is the temperature of boiling water?

(3) 373 K

C. How many Celsius units are between the

boiling and freezing points of water?
(1) 100

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 Converting Between F and C

We can write equations that relate these two scales,

F to its corresponding C.
To obtain F from C:

To convert F to C:

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 Converting Between F and C

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 Converting Between F and C

A person with hypothermia has a body

temperature of 34.8 C. What is this
temperature in F?
Step 1 Given 34.8 C Need F
Step 2 Write a temperature equation.
TF = 1.8TC + 32

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 Converting Between F and C

A person with hypothermia has a body

temperature of 34.8 C. What is this
temperature in F?
Step 3 Substitute known and calculate.
TF = 1.8 (34.8 C) + 32
exact tenths
= 62.6 + 32
= 94.6 F
and to convert oF to oC
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 Learning Check

The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8 F.

What is that temperature on the Celsius scale?
A. 73.8 C
B. 58.8 C
C. 41.0 C

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 Solution

The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8 F.

What is that temperature on the Celsius scale?
C. 41.0 C

Step 1 Given 105.8 F Need C

Step 2 Write a temperature equation.

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 Solution

The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8 F.

What is that temperature on the Celsius scale?
C. 41.0 C

Step 3 Substitute known and calculate.

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 Learning Check

A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455 F. What

temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?
A. 423 C
B. 235 C
C. 221 C

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 Solution

A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455 F. What

temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?
B. 235 C

Step 1 Given 455 F

Need C
Step 2 Write a temperature equation.

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 Solution

A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455 F. What

temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?
B. 235 C

Step 3 Substitute known and calculate.

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 Learning Check

On a cold winter day, the temperature is –15 C.

What is that temperature in F?

A. 19 F
B. 59 F
C. 5 F

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 Solution

On a cold winter day, the temperature is

–15 C. What is that temperature in F?
C. 5 F
Step 1 Given –15 C Need F
Step 2 Write a temperature equation.
TF = 1.8(TC) + 32

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 Solution

On a cold winter day, the temperature is –15 C.

What is that temperature in F?
C. 5 F
Step 3 Substitute known and calculate.
TF = 1.8 (–15 C) + 32
= –27  + 32
= 5 F
Note: Be sure to use the change sign key on
your calculator to enter the minus – sign.
1.8 x 15  +/ – = –27 

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 Kelvin Temperature Scale

The Kelvin temperature scale

• has 100 units between freezing and boiling
points

• adds 273 to the Celsius temperature

TK = TC + 273
• is based on 0 K (absolute zero), the lowest
possible temperature
0 K = –273 C

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 Temperature Comparisons

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 Learning Check

o
What is normal body temperature of 37 C
in kelvins?
A. 236 K
B. 310 K
C. 342 K

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 Solution

o
What is normal body temperature of 37 C
in kelvins?
B. 310 K

Step 1 Given 37 oC Need K

Step 2 Write a temperature equation.
TK = TC + 273
Step 3 Substitute known and calculate.
TK = 37 + 273 = 310 K

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