TUGAS AKHIR

RANCANG BANGUN INTEGRASI FIRE & GAS TERHADAP EMERGENCY

SHUTDOWN SYSTEM BERBASIS PLC
(Diterapkan Pada Foxtrot Platform, ONWJ)

Diajukan guna melengkapi sebagian syarat

Dalam mencapai gelar Sarjana Strata Satu (S1)

Disusun Oleh :
Nama : Baharudin
NIM : 41414310058
Jurusan : Teknik Elektro

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK ELEKTRO

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MERCU BUANA
JAKARTA
2016

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
 ii

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
 iii

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
 PRAKATA

Puji syukur ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala rahmat dan anugerah-
Nya sehingga laporan Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “Rancang bangun integrasi fire &
gas terhadap emergency shutdown sistym berbasis PLC“ dapat terselesaikan dengan
baik. Laporan Tugas Akhir ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat dalam
menyelesaikan pendidikan Sarjana Strata Satu (S1) Teknik Elektro Fakultas
Teknologi Industri Universitas Mercu Buana.
Terselesaikannya laporan Tugas Akhir ini tidak terlepas dari bantuan berbagai
pihak, oleh karena itu saya sampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada:
1. Bapak Ir. Yudhi Gunardi,MT. selaku Ketua Program Studi Teknik Elektro
Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Mercu Buana;
2. Bapak Fadli Sirait, ST., MT. selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah
meluangkan waktu dan pikiran serta perhatiannya guna memberikan
bimbingan dan pengarahan demi terselesaikannya Tugas Akhir ini;
3. Dosen Penguji yang telah meluangkan waktu dan pikiran serta saran-sarannya
guna memberikan pengarahan demi terselesaikannya penulisan Tugas Akhir
ini;
4. Ibu Hanum, ST., MT. selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Teknik Elektro
5. Bapak Dr Arif Zulkifli selaku Dosen Metode Penelitian yang telah
memberikan saran-saran untuk penulisan Tugas Akhir ini.
6. Teman-teman angkatan ke-1 Teknik Elektro UMB Kranggan serta rekan-
rekan kerja PHE ONWJ yang telah banyak membantu dalam penelitian ini.
7. Sivitas Akademika Jurusan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Universitas Mercu Buana.

Semoga laporan Tugas Akhir ini dapat bermanfaat dalam mengembangkan ilmu
pengetahuan khususnya untuk disiplin ilmu Teknik Telekomunikasi, kritik dan saran
diharapkan terus mengalir untuk lebih menyempurnakan proyek akhir ini dan
diharapkan dapat dikembangkan untuk penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya.

Jakarta, February 2016

iv

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
 DAFTAR ISI

Hal.

HALAMAN JUDUL............................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ............................................................................... ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... iii

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ iv

PRAKATA ..............................................................................................................v

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ..................................................................................... xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................1

1.1. Latar Belakang ...............................................................................1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ..........................................................................2

1.3. Batasan Masalah ............................................................................3

1.4. Tujuan Penelitian ...........................................................................4

1.5. Metodologi Penelitian ....................................................................4

1.5.1. Studi Literatur ......................................................................4

1.5.2. Observasi awal .....................................................................4

1.5.3. Perancangan dan pembuatan alat lunak ...............................5

1.5.4. Pembuatan Program .............................................................5

1.5.5. Uji sistem .............................................................................5

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
 1.5.6. Pengambilan data .................................................................5

1.5.7. Penulisan penelitian .............................................................5

1.6. Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................7

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .............................................................................9

2.1. Philosophy ESD .............................................................................9

2.2. Philosophy Fire & Gas ................................................................11

2.2.1.Fungsi sistem deteksi fire and gas .....................................13

2.2.2.Cara yang di lakukan untuk mendeteksi gas ......................13

2.2.3.Cara yang di lakukan untuk mendeteksi api .......................13

2.2.4. Hal yang di gunakan untuk mendeteksi api & gas............13

2.3. MQ-2 Smoke /LPG/Gas sensor ....................................................16

2.3.1. Prinsip Kerja MQ-2 Smoke Detektor ................................16

2.4. Flame Fire Detector .....................................................................18

2.5. Autocon /Pneumatic ESD Panel ..................................................20

2.6. ESD Valve ....................................................................................21

2.7. Definisi Sejarah PLC ...................................................................22

2.7.1. Bagian-bagian PLC ............................................................24

2.7.2. Fungsi PLC ........................................................................25

2.7.3. Keuntungan PLC ...............................................................26

2.8. PLC micro modul .........................................................................27

2.9. Electrical Solenoid valve .............................................................29

BAB III PERANCANGAN ALAT ....................................................................31

vi

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
 3.1. Kerangka Pemikiran.....................................................................31

3.2. Metode Pengumpulan Data ..........................................................32

3.2.1. Meeting dan wawancara ....................................................32

3.2.2. Site Survey ke lapangan ....................................................33

3.3. Perancangan Hardware ................................................................36

3.4. Perancangan Software ..................................................................39

3.4.1. Penjabaran Flowchart perancangan software ....................39

3.4.2. Software dan logic system FG & ESD ..............................41

3.4.3. Penjelasan Software logic ..................................................44

BAB IV ANALISA DAN PENGUJIAN ALAT ................................................46

4.1. Pengujian alat ...............................................................................46

4.1.1. Pengujian perbagian masing2 detektor ..............................46

4.1.2. Pengujian sistem fire and gas ............................................48

4.2. Analisa Alat..................................................................................51

4.2.1. Analisa hasil rancangan .....................................................52

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................54

5.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................54

5.2. Saran.............................................................................................54

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...........................................................................................56

vii

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
 DAFTAR GAMBAR
Hal.

Gambar 1.1 Flow chart Rancang bangun FG dan ESD integration ........................6

Gambar 2.1 Sebab akibat shutdown system ..........................................................10

Gambar 2.2 Batas atas dan batas bawah bahaya gas ..........................................12

Gambar 2.3 MQ-2 Smoke Detector .......................................................................17

Gambar 2.4 Ilustrasi dan pengukuran MQ-2 ........................................................18

Gambar 2.5 Spektrum Cahaya ..............................................................................19

Gambar 2.6 Infrared detektor ...............................................................................19

Gambar 2.7 Autocon Panel .................................................................................21

Gambar 2.8 SDV Valve ........................................................................................21

Gambar 2.9 PLC Micro .........................................................................................28

Gambar 2.10 Output PLC micro ...........................................................................28

Gambar 2.11 Input PLC micro ..............................................................................29

Gambar 2.12 Solenoid Valve ................................................................................30

Gambar 3.1 Flow Chart Rancang bangun FG & ESD Integration ........................33

Gambar 3.2 (a). Input Block Diagram Fire and Gas Existing ...............................34

Gambar 3.2 (b). Output Block Diagram Fire and Gas Existing ............................35

Gambar 3.3 Autocon Panel ...................................................................................36

Gambar 3.4 Fire and gas Blok diagram Sistem Lama dan Baru ...........................37

Gambar 3.5 Wiring Diagram Fire and gas ............................................................38

viii

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
Gambar 3.6 Flow Chart Perancangan Software ....................................................40

Gambar 3.7 (a) Software Rung 1 sampai Rung 4 .................................................41

Gambar 3.7 (b) Software Rung 4 sampai Rung 7 .................................................42

Gambar 3.7 (c) Alamat Pengkodean PLC micro ..................................................43

Gambar 3.8 (a) Penjelasan Logic Software...........................................................44

Gambar 3.8 (b) Penjelasan Logic Software ..........................................................45

Gambar 4.1 Rangkaian System Fire and Gas and ESD integration ......................49

ix

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
 DAFTAR TABEL

Hal.

Tabel 2.1 Data Sheet MQ-2 Gas Detektor ...........................................................17

Tabel 2.2 Data Sheet Flame Detector ...................................................................20

Tabel 4.1 Table Fire detektor ................................................................................47

Tabel 4.2 Tabel pengujian fire detector ................................................................47

Tabel 4.3 Table pengujian gas detector.................................................................48

Tabel 4.4.A Pengujian Sistem Fire and gas and ESD Integration .......................49

Tabel 4.4.B Pengujian Sistem Fire and gas and ESD Integration .......................50

Tabel 4.4.C Pengujian Sistem Fire and gas and ESD Integration .......................51

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
 DAFTAR SINGKATAN

Hal.

ONWJ : Offshore North west java .........................................................................1

BOPD : Barrel Oil perday ....................................................................................2

PLC : Progamable Logic Control ......................................................................3

ESD : Emergency Shutdown System ..................................................................3

AML : Approval Material List ............................................................................3

PIC : Programable interface controller .............................................................4

PSD : Prossess shutdown ..................................................................................9

USD : Unit Shutdown .........................................................................................9

PPM : Parts per millium ..................................................................................11

LEL : Low explosion limit ...............................................................................11

HEL : High explosion limit .............................................................................11

IR : Infrared .................................................................................................13

HSSD : High Sensitive smoke detector .............................................................15

LPG : Liquified natural gas ............................................................................16

CPU : Central Processing unit ........................................................................24

RAM : Random Acsses memory .......................................................................24

ROM : Ready only memory ..............................................................................25

I/O : Input / Output........................................................................................25

USB : Universal serial bus ..............................................................................27

SDV : Shutdown Valve .....................................................................................28

xi

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/
HMI : Human Machine Interface .......................................................................5

xii

http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/