BAB 5

FUNGSI, KOMPOSISI FUNGSI, DAN

FUNGSI INVERS

A. Fungsi

1. Definisi
Relasi khusus yang memasangkan setiap anggota daerah
asal(domain) dengan tepat satu anggota daerah kawan (ko­
domain).
Jika f merupakan suatu fungsi yang memetakan setiap ang­
gota himpunan A ke tepat satu anggota himpunan B, maka
dapat dinotasikan dengan:

f:A→B

2. Domain dan Range

Syarat domain agar fungsi terdefinisi:
• f (x) = p (x)

Syarat: p (x) ≥ 0

p (x)
• f (x) =
q (x)

Syarat: q (x) ≠ 0
q( x )
• f (x) = log p (x)

Syarat: q (x) > 0, q (x) ≠ 1, p (x) > 0

109
 B. Komposisi Fungsi

Komposisi merupakan penggabungan operasi dua buah fungsi

secara berurutan yang akan menghasilkan fungsi yang baru.
Fungsi f komposisi g dapat dinotasikan dengan (f  g)(x).

(f  g)(x) = f (g (x))

Sifat-sifat komposisi fungsi:

• (f  g)(x) ≠ (g  f )(x)
• ((f  g)  h)(x) = (f  (g  h))(x)

C. Fungsi Invers
Sifat-sifat fungsi invers:

( f  g ) ( x ) = ( g −1  f −1 ) ( x )
−1
•

( g  f ) ( x ) = ( f −1  g −1 ) ( x )
−1
•

−1 −1
• (f ) ( x ) = f ( x )
• ( f  f )( x ) = I ( x ) = x
−1

Invers berbagai bentuk fungsi antara lain:

Bentuk Fungsi Invers
x−b
f (x) = ax + b f −1 ( x ) =
a
ax + b −dx + b
f (x) = f −1 ( x ) =
cx + d cx − a

110
 −b ± 4ax + D
f (x) = ax 2 + bx + c f −1 ( x ) =
2a

( a
log x) ± q
f (x) = apx ±q f −1 ( x ) =
p

ax ± q
f (x) = a log (px ± q) f −1 ( x ) =
p

111
 LATIHAN SOAL

1. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2019
2x − 1 1
Diberikan fungsi f (x) =
x+1
. Nilai (f −1
 f −1 ) 
 2 
adalah ....
A. 1 C. 3 E. 5
B. 2 D. 4

2. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2019
Diberikan f (x) = x 2 + 1 dan g (x) = ax + 2 , dengan

a ≠ 0 . Jika (f  g−1 )(1) = 5 , maka 4a2 − 3 = ....

A. –3 C. –1 E. 2
B. –2 D. 1

3. SOAL
1. SIMAK UI 2019
x−2
Jika (g−1  f −1 )(x) = 3x − 1 dan f (x) = untuk
x+1
x ≠ 1 , maka g (a − 2) = ....

−a + 9 −( a + 5 ) −a + 5
A. C. E.
a−4 a−4 a−3

−( a + 8 ) − ( a + 6)
B. D.
a−1 a−3

4. SOAL
1. SIMAK UI 2019
Jika f (x) = 2x 2 − 3x + 1 , g (x) = ax + b dan

(g  f )(x − 1) = 4x 2 − 14x + 11 , maka ....

112
 1) a = 2 3) (f  g)(1) = 0
f (x)
2) b = –1 4) = x+1
g (x)

5. SOAL
1. UTBK 2019
 1  x
Jika f   = dan f −1 (a) = −1 , maka a = ….
 x  2 + 3x

A. –2 C. 1 E. 3
B. –1 D. 2

6. SOAL
1. UTBK 2019
Jika f (x) = ax + 3 dan (f  f )(x) = 4x − 3 maka nilai

f (a) = ....
A. 1 C. 5 E. 9
B. 3 D. 7

7. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2018
2x − 1
Jika f −1 adalah invers fungsi f dengan f −1 (1 − x) = ,
1−x
f(x − 2) − f −1 (x)
maka = ...
....
2
1 1
A. 2 C. +2 E. −2
x x
B. 1 D. –2

8. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2017
f ( x 2 − 1)
Jika f (x) = b x , b konstanta positif, maka = ....
f (1 − x 2 )

113
 A. f (1 − x 2 ) ⋅ f (1 − x 2 )

B. f (1 − x 2 ) ⋅ f (x 2 − 1)

C. f (x 2 − 1) ⋅ f (x 2 − 1)

D. f (1 − x 2 ) + f (1 − x 2 )

E. f (x 2 − 1) + f (x 2 − 1)

9. SOAL
1. SBMPTN 2017
x−2
= x 2 − 1 dan g(x) =
Jika f(x) , maka daerah
x+1
fungsi f ⋅ g adalah .…
A. {x | −∞ < x < ∞} D. {x | x < −1}
B. {x | x ≠ −1} E. {x | x ≥ 2}
C. {x | x ≠ 2}
10. SOAL
1. SBMPTN 2016
Jika tabel berikut menyatakan hasil fungsi f dan g.
X 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 3 1 -1
g(x) 2 0 1 2
Maka (fogof)(1) + (gofog)(2) =
....
A. –1 C. 2 E. 5
B. 1 D. 3

11. SOAL
1. SIMAK UI 2016
1
=
Jika f(x) x − 3 dan g(x) = x 3 , maka ....
8

114
 1 3
=
(1) (fog)(x) x −3
8
(2) (fog)(2) = −2

(3) (fog) −1=

(x) 3
8x + 24
(4) (fog) −1 (−2) =
2

12. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2016
x−5
= 2x − 6 dan g −1 (x) =
Jika f(x) , maka nilai
4
fog(2) = ....
A. 20 C. 15 E. –2
B. 16 D. 10

13. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2016
Diberikan fungsi f dan g dengan
f(x − 2) = 3x 2 − 16x + 26 dan g(x)
= ax − 1 .
Jika (f  g)(3) = 61 , maka nilai a yang memenuhi ada­
lah .…
9
A. –2 C. E. 4
8
8
B. D. 2
9

14. SOAL
1. SIMAK UI 2015
2 − x2
Misalkan g(x)= 4 − x 2 dan =
f(g(x)) ,x ≠ 0
4x 2
maka ....

115
 1 1 1 1  1  −1
(1) f   ⋅ f   = (3) f   − f   =
 4   2  80  4   2  105

1
f  
1  1  −47  2  45
(2) f   + f   = (4) =
 4   2  210  1  49
f  
 4 

15. SOAL
1. STANDAR UTBK 2019
ax + 1 7
f(x) = , g(x)= x − 2 , dan (g −1 of −1 )(2) =
3x − 1 2
maka a = ....
A. –4 C. 2 E. 4
B. –3 D. 3

116
 PEMBAHASAN

1. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
2x − 1
f (x) =
x+1
−x − 1
f −1 ( x ) =
x−2
1   1 
(f −1
 f −1 )  = f −1 f −1  
 2    2 
  1  
 −  − 1 
   
−1   2 
= f  
 1 
 − 2 
 2 

 3 
 − 
 
= f  2 
−1
 3 
 − 
2
= f −1 ( 1 )
−1 − 1
=
1−2
−2
= =2
−1
Jawaban: B

2. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
g (x) = ax + 2
x−2
g −1 ( x ) =
a

117
 ( f  g ) ( 1) = 5
−1

f (g (1)) = 5
−1

 1 − 2 
f  =5
 a 
 1
f −  = 5
 a 
2
 1 
−  + 1 = 5
 a 
1
+1 = 5
a2
1
=4
a2
1
a2 =
4
1
Jadi, 4a2 − 3 = 4   − 3 = 1 − 3 = −2 .
 4 
Jawaban: B

3. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
(g −1
 f −1 )(x) = 3x − 1
−1
(f  g) (x) = 3x − 1
x+1
((f  g) (x)) =
−1 −1

3
x+1
(f  g)(x) =
3
x+1
f (g (x)) =
3
g (x) − 2 x + 1
=
g (x) + 1 3
3 ( g ( x ) − 2 ) = ( x + 1) ( g ( x ) + 1 )
3g (x) − 6 = xg (x) + x + g (x) + 1
118
3g (x) − xg (x) − g (x) = x + 1 + 6
 ( ) 3
g (x) − 2 x + 1
=
g (x) + 1 3
3 ( g ( x ) − 2 ) = ( x + 1) ( g ( x ) + 1 )
3g (x) − 6 = xg (x) + x + g (x) + 1
3g (x) − xg (x) − g (x) = x + 1 + 6
2g (x) − xg (x) = x + 7
g (x)(2 − x) = x + 7
x+7
g ( x) =
2−x
( a − 2) + 7
g (a − 2) =
2 − ( a − 2)
a+5
=
4−a
−( a + 5 )
=
a−4
Jawaban: C

4. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
Diketahui f (x) = 2x 2 − 3x + 1 , g (x) = ax + b , dan

(g  f )(x − 1) = 4x 2 − 14x + 11
(g  f )(x − 1) = 4x 2 − 14x + 11
2
(g  f )(x − 1) = 4 (x − 1) − 6 (x − 1) + 1
(g  f )(a) = 4a2 − 6a + 1
(g  f )(x) = 4x 2 − 6x + 1
g (f (x)) = 4x 2 − 6x + 1
a (2x 2 − 3x + 1) + b = 4x 2 − 6x + 1
2ax 2 − 3ax + a + b = 4x 2 − 6x + 1
Diperoleh:
2a = 4 ⇒ a = 2

119
 a+b = 1
2+b = 1
b = −1
Maka, g (x) = 2x − 1
Dengan demikian:
(f  g)(1) = f (g (1))
= f ( 2 ( 1) − 1 )
= f ( 1)
2
= 2 ( 1) − 3 ( 1) + 1
= 2−3 + 1
=0
f (x) 2x 2 − 3x + 1 (2x − 1)(x − 1)
= = = x−1
g (x) 2x − 1 2x − 1
Pernyataan 1), 2), dan 3) benar.
Jawaban: A

5. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
1 x
Diketahui: f   = dan f −1 (a) = −1 ,
 x  2 + 3x

1 1
Misal: =y⇒x=
x y
Diperoleh:
1 1
y y 1 y 1
f (y) = = = ⋅ =
 1  2y + 3 y 2y + 3 2y +3
2 + 3  
 y  y

1
Maka: f (x) =
2x + 3

120
 Ingat-ingat!
ax + b −dx + b
f (x) = ⇒ f −1 ( x ) =
cx + d cx − a

1 −3x + 1
f (x) = ⇒ f −1 ( x ) =
2x + 3 2x
Sehingga:
−3a + 1
f −1 ( a ) =
2a
−3a + 1
−1 =
2a
−2a = −3a + 1
a=1
Jawaban: C

6. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
(f  f )(x) = 4x − 3
f (f (x)) = 4x − 3
f (ax + 3) = 4x − 3
Misal:
k = ax + 3
k −3
=x
a
Sehingga:
 k − 3 
f (k ) = 4  −3
 a 
4k − 12
f (k ) = −3
a
4x − 12
f (x) = −3
a
4x − 12
ax + 3 = −3
a 121
4x 12
ax + 3 = − −3
a a
 4k − 12
f (k ) = −3
a
4x − 12
f (x) = −3
a
4x − 12
ax + 3 = −3
a
4x 12
ax + 3 = − −3
a a
Berdasarkan persamaan di atas dapat disimpulkan:
4x 12
• ax = • 3 = − −3
a a
a2 x = 4x −12 − 3a
3=
a2 = 4 a
a = ±2 3a = − 12 − 3a
6a = −12
a = −2
Maka, nilai a yang memenuhi adalah a = –2.
Sehingga, f (x) = −2x + 3 .
Jadi nilai f(a) adalah
f (−2) = −2 (−2) + 3
= 4+3
=7
Jawaban: D

7. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
2x − 1
f −1 (1 − x) =
1−x
Misal: y = 1 − x maka x = 1 − y

2 (1 − y ) − 1
f −1 ( y ) =
1 − (1 − y )
2 − 2y − 1
=
1−1+ y
−2y + 1
=
y

122
 −2x + 1 1
f −1 (x) = maka f(x) =
x x+2
f ( x − 2 ) − f −1 ( x )
Selanjutnya akan dihitung nilai
2
1 (−2x + 1)
−
f ( x − 2) − f −1
(x) ( x − 2) + 2 x
=
2 2
1 (−2x + 1)
−
= x x
2
2x
= x
2
=1
Jawaban: B

8. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
f ( x 2 − 1) bx
2
−1
=
f (1 − x 2 )
2
b 1− x
(
x 2 −1 − 1 − x 2 )
=b
2
= b2x −2

( )
2 2
= bx −1

= f ( x 2 − 1) ⋅ f ( x 2 − 1)
Jawaban: C

123
 9. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
 x − 2 
f ⋅ g = (x 2 − 1)
 x + 1 
 x − 2 
= (x − 1)(x + 1) 
 x + 1 
= (x − 1)(x − 2)

Domain dari f ⋅ g = {x | −∞ < x < ∞} .

Jawaban: A

10. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
Diketahui:
x 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 3 1 –1
g(x) 2 0 1 2

• (fogof)(1) = f(g(f(1)))

= f(g(3))


= f(2)
=1
• (gofog)(2) = g(f(g(2)))

= g(f(1))
= g(3)
= 2
(fogof)(1) + (gofog)(2) =1 + 2 =3
Jawaban: D

124
11. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
1 3
(1) (f  g)(x) = f (g (x)) = x −3
8
1 3
(2) (f  g)(2) = ⋅ 2 − 3 = −2
8
1 3
(3) (f  g)(x) = x −3
8
11 3
yy =
= xx 3 − −3
3
8
8
1
yy +
+33= = 1 xx 33
8
8
3
8y + 24 =
8y + 24 = x 3x
xx =
= 33 8y 24
+ 24
8y +

−1
⇒ ( f  g) (x) = 3 8x + 24

−1
(4) (f  g) (−2) = 3 8 (−2) + 24 = 3 8 = 2
Diperoleh (1), (2), (3), dan (4) benar semua.
Jawaban: E

12. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
x−5
= 2x − 6 dan g −1 (x) =
f(x)
4
x−5
• g −1 (x) =
4
x−5
Misal: y =
4
4y= x − 5
4y + 5 =x
= 4x + 5
Maka: g(x)

125
 • g (2) = 4 ⋅ 2 + 5 = 13

• f (13) = 2 (13) − 6 = 20

• (f  g)(2) = f (g (2)) = f (13) = 20

Jawaban: A

13. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
• f(x − 2) = 3x 2 − 16x + 26
Misal: y= x − 2

y+2 =x
f(y) = 3(y + 2)2 − 16(y + 2) + 26

f(y)= 3(y 2 + 4y + 4) − 16y − 32 + 26

f(y) = 3y 2 − 4y + 6

f(x) = 3x 2 − 4x + 6
= ax − 1
• g(x)
= 3a − 1
g(3)

• (f  g)(3) = 61
f (g (3)) = 61
2
3 (3a − 1) − 4 (3a − 1) + 6 = 61
3 (9a2 − 6a + 1) − 12a + 4 + 6 = 61
27a2 − 30a − 48 = 0
9a2 − 10a − 16 = 0
(9a + 8)(a − 2) = 0

8
a= − atau a = 2
9
Jawaban: D

126
14. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
2 − x2
g(x)= 4 − x 2 dan=
f(g(x)) ,x ≠ 0
4x 2
2 − x2
f(4 − x 2 ) = 2
4x

Misal: y= 4 − x 2 maka=
x 4 − y diperoleh

( ) ( )
2 2
2− 4−y 2− 4−x
f(y) = sehingga f(x) =
( ) ( )
2 2
4 4−y 4 4−x

2
 1
2 −  4 −  2−
7
−
3
1  2  2 3
f   = = = 2 =−
 2   1
2
 7  14 28
4  4 −  4  
 2 
 2 
2
 1 
2 −  4 −  2−
15
−
7
1  4  4 = 4 =− 7
f   = =
 4   1 
2
 15  15 60
4  4 −  4  
 4 
 4 
Maka:
1 1 7  3  1
1) f   ⋅ f   = − ⋅ −  =
 4   2  60  28  80
1 1 7  3 
2) f   + f   = − + − 
 4   2  60  28 
−49 − 45
=
420
−94 −47
= =
420 210

127

1 1 7  3 
3) f   − f   = − − − 

 4  
 2  60  28 
−49 + 45
=
420
−4 −1
= =
420 105
1  3 
f   − 
   28 
4) 2 =
1 7
f   −
 4  60
3  60  45
=− ⋅ −  =
28  7  49
Pernyataan (1), (2), (3), dan (4) benar (semua benar).
Jawaban: E

15. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
ax + 1
• f(x) = , g(x)= x − 2
3x − 1
−1 −1 −1
• (g of )(x) = (fog) (x)

(fog)(x) = f(g(x))
a(x − 2) + 1
=
3(x − 2) − 1
ax − 2a + 1
=
3x − 7

128
 7
• (g −1 of −1 )(2) =
2
Trik Praktis:
f(a) = b
f −1 (b) = a

7
(fog) −1 (2) =
2
7
(fog)   = 2
2
7
a   − 2a + 1
2 =2
7
3  − 7
2
3
a+1
2 =2
7
2
3
a+1 =7
2
3
a=6
2
a=4
Jawaban: E

129
 Catatan

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1. Group Belajar UTBK GRATIS)
Via Telegram, Quis Setiap Hari, Drilling Soal Ribuan, Full
Pembahasan Gratis. Link Group: t.me/theking_utbk

2. Instagram Soal dan Info Tryout UTBK

@theking.education
@video.trik_tpa_tps
@pakarjurusan.ptn

3. DOWNLOAD BANK SOAL

www.edupower.id
www.theking-education.id

4. TOKO ONLINE ORIGINAL

SHOPEE, nama toko: forumedukasiocial

5. Katalog Buku
www.bukuedukasi.com

WA Layanan Pembaca:
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