Mata Kuliah : Lab.

Bahasa Inggris (TOEFL)

Kelas / Semester : D3B/ 2
Topik : Structure
Media : sim.unissula. google classroom, Whatsapp group

A. Deskripsi Mata Ajar

Mata ajar ini memberikan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan ketrampilan pengerjaan soal-
soal TOEFL untuk topik know and know how, would rather, so … that, comparatives, as
well, despite/in spite of, dan because/of.

B. Capaian Pembelajaran
Setelah mengikuti pembelajaran ini, mahasiswa mampu:
1. Menjelaskan ketentuan cara pengunaan (grammar) dari topik-topik yang dibahas.
2. Mengerjakan dengan benar soal-soal TOEFL terkait topik yang dibahas.

C. Materi Pembelajaran
1. Know vs. Know How
Perbedaan antara know and know how to adalah pada kata setelahnya. Jika kata setelah
know adalah kata benda (Noun), maka kita bisa mengatakan “know + (about) the noun
(s)”. Tapi jika kata setelahnya adalah kata kerja (Verb), maka harus memakai “know how to
+ verb”.
1. Does your new secretary shorthand?
(A) know to take (C) know how take
(B) know how to take (D) know how taking
2. We ______ about Mary’s engagement to James.
(A) know to (C) know
(B) know how to (D) knew how to
3. He doesn’t _______, but he tries.
(A) know to dance (C) know how to dance
(B) know dance (D) know how to dancing

2. Would rather
Mempunyai arti “lebih suka (prefer)”. Jika kalimat nya positive, susunannya akan menjadi
seperti ini:
 S+ would rather + verb_1 atau
 S + would rather + have + Verb_3 (jika ada keterangan waktu
lampau seperti yesterday, last night, etc).
Namun jika kalimatnya dalam bentuk negative, susunannya akan menjadi seperti ini
  S+ would rather + NOT + Verb_1 atau
 S + would rather + NOT + have + Verb_3.

Selain susunan yang seperti di atas, would rather juga bisa menjadi seperti dibawah ini,
bedanya dengan yang diatas adalah didalam kalimatnya ada dua subject, perhatikan subject
nya:
 S+ would rather that + S2 + Verb_1 atau
 S + would rather that+ S2 + Verb_2 atau
 S + would rather that+ S2 + Past Perfect (V3)

1. I’d to Jakarta than Bandung today.

(A) rather go (C) rather going
(B) rather have gone (D) rather to stay
2. We would home yesterday.
(A) rather stay (C) rather staying
(B) rather have stayed (D) rather to stay
3. I’d the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.
(A) rather not have (C) rather not to have
(B) not rather had (D) rather not having

3. Purpose and Result, and Cause and Effect

“So that” disini berarti sehingga atau agar.
Susunan “so that” bisa juga dipisah menjadi “so + adjective + that” yang mungkin bermakna
“sangat + ........ + sehingga / agar”.

Susunannya bisa seperti berikut ini:

“…..Such + a + adjective + singular count noun + (that….)” Atau
“…..So + adjective + a + singular count noun + that…….”

1. The one in the window was expensive that I couldn’t afford it.
(A) so (B) too (C) too much (D) very
2. It is day that travel advisories have been issued for most of the major highways.
(A) such snowy (B) so snowy (C) such a snowy (D) such snowy a
3. I don’t understand how John could have made in judgment.
(A) such big mistake (C) so a big mistake
(B) such a big mistake (D) so big mistake

4. Comparatives
Bentuk-bentuk yang paling umum dari comparison adalah:
…………. as soon as + Subject + verb
 ………….. the same as …………
…………. different from ……….
………… equal to ……………..
The more ....…., the more ………..
The …… adjective + er, the adjective + er

Unequal Comparison
Tambah “–er” untuk kata sifat (adjectives) yang memiliki satu atau 2 syllable.
Misal: smart – smarter, thick – thicker, cold – colder, dll.
Tambah “more” untuk kata sifat (adjectives) yang memiliki 3 syllable.
Misal: modern – more modern, different – more different, boring – more boring.
Untuk comparison yang kata sifatnya ditambah dengan –er atau more… biasanya diikuti
dengan “than” yang berarti daripada.

1. I will return your notes as soon as copying them.

(A) I will finish (B) I do finish (C) I finish (D) I be finished
2. the worse I seem to feel.
(A) When I take more medicine (C) Taking more of the medicine
(B) The more medicine I take (D) More medicine taken
3. We will have to be careful not to get our suitcases mixed up because yours is almost the
same mine.
(A) like (B) to (C) as (D) that
4. My new glasses cost me the last pair that I bought.
(A) times three (C) three times as much as
(B) three times more (D) as much three times as
5. Although she is very popular, she is not her sister.
(A) pretty as (B) as pretty (C) prettier than (D) more pratty than
6. We are going to Florida as soon as taking our final exams.
(A) we’re finish (B) we’ll finish (C) we’d finish (D) we finish
7. This new soap is not much the others that I have tried.
(A) different (B) different than (C) different from (D) different that
8. Ms. Jones isn’t as nice Ms. Smith.
(A) as (B) for (C) like (D) to
9. The rooms in Graduate Towers are Patterson Hall.
(A) larger than (B) larger than that of (C) larger than those in (D) larger than in
10. We’ll be there as soon as we a babysitter for our son.
(A) will find (B) found (C) find (D) are finding

5. As well as, in spite of, despite, but … also …

“as well as” bisa bermakna “also”.
 Perbedaan in spite of dan despite adalah kita tidak bisa menggatakan in spite,
melainkan “in spite of”. Dan untuk menggunakan “despite”, kita tidak butuh “in” atau
”of”.
“Both” selalu diikuti dengan “and”, tidak yang lain seperti from / of / with, dll.
Susunannya seperti ini: both ………..and …………

1. Both Mary and Ellen, Jane, are studying nursing at New York University.
(A) as well as (B) well (C) as well to (D) and well as
2. We had a disagreement the bus was late.
(A) because of (B) caused of (C) because (D) caused
3. the light rain, the baseball game will not be cancelled unless the other team
concedes.
(A) Despite of (B) Despite in (C) In spite (D) Despite
4. ________ his wealth, he is not spoiled.
(A) Despite of (B) In despite (C) In spite of (D) in spite
5. We were both pleased honored to be guests of the president.
(A) also (B) and (C) alike (D) as

6. Because dan Because of

Perbedaan antara “because” dan “because of” ditandai dengan kata yang digunakan
setelahnya. Jika kata yang digunakan adalah kata benda (Noun), maka harus menggunakan
“because of”. Namun jika kata yang digunakan setelahnya adalah Subject, maka harus
menggunakan “because”.
1. Betty moved from the dormitory the noise.
(A) because (B) cause (C) because of (D) caused from
2. We had a disagreement ____ the bus was late.
(A) because of (B) caused of (C) because (D) caused