Degree of Comparision dan Adjective Clauses

DEGREE OF COMPARISON
Degree of Comparision adalah Tingkat Perbandingan LEBIH (Comparative) dan
Tingkat Perbandingan PALING (Superlative)

Tingkat Perbandingan LEBIH (COMPARATIVE) bisa memakai : .....er than atau

more ....... than.
Sedangkan tingkat perbandingan PALING (SUPERLATIVE) bisa memakai :
the...est atau the most....

Yg perlu diperhatikan : Comparative HARUS memakai THAN dan Superlative

HARUS memakai THE.

Perhatikan keterangan berikut ini :

1. Jika kata sifat itu terdiri dari SATU SUKU KATA (long, smart, tall,
big, fat, high short, dll.), maka kita harus memakai ...er than (untuk
Comparative) dan the....est (untuk Superlative)
Contoh : She is tall
(Comparative) : She is taller than me

(Superlative) : She is the tallest in her family.

2. Jika kata sifat itu terdiri dari TIGA SUKU KATA KEATAS (expensive,
beautiful, difficult, comfortable, sophisticated, dll), maka kita harus
memkai more....than (untuk Comparative) dan the most..... (untuk
superlative)

Contoh : The book is expensive

(C) : The book is more expensive than the novel.
(S) ; The book is the most expensive.

3. Jika kata sifat itu terdiri dari DUA SUKU KATA, ada 2 cara :
1. Jika dia berakhiran dengan Y (pretty, crazy, easy, lazy,dll) + simple
dan clever, maka kita harus memakai ...er than (untuk Comparative)
dan the....est (untuk Superlative)

Contoh : She is pretty

(C) : She is prettier than me
 (S) ; She is the prettiest in this class

4. Jika dia tidak berakhiran denga Y (careful, patient, silent, dll), maka
kita harus memakai more....than (untuk Comparative) dan the most.....
(untuk superlative)

Contoh : Andrew is patient

(C) : Andrew is patient than John
(D) : Andrew is the most patient at home

5. TOEFL kadang2 juga menggunakan Perbandingan : THE SAME

….AS dan AS ……AS.

Contoh : 1. The tree is as high as the building

2. The tree is the same height as the building

Bagaimana TOEFL menjebak kita didalam soal nya?

1. TOEFL menjebak dg menggunakan jumlah suku kata

Contoh : In the compatition, we are more smart than any other
students.
A B C D
Yang salah B, harusnya smarter krn smart memiliki satu suku kata.

2. TOEFL tidak memberi THAN padahal disitu ada comparative atau tdk
memberi Comparative padahal disitu ada THAN.
Contoh :
Foods of animal origin generally supply greatest amounts of iron to the
A B C D
diet than do foods of plant origin.
Yang salah B, harusnya greater karena ada THAN disana.

3. TOEFL tidak memberi THE padahal disitu ada Superlative atau tdk
memberi Superlativeative padahal disitu ada THE.
Contoh :
The appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2,020 miles from Maine
A B
to Georgia, is the long marked footpath in the world.
C D
Yang salah C, harus nya longest krn ada THE.
 4. TOEFL menjebak kita dengan memberi Double Comparative atau
Double Superlatuive.

Contoh : Tina is more beautifuler than her four sisters.

A B C D
Yang salah B, hrusnya more beautiful.

5. TOEFL menjebak kita dg menggunakan Double Comparative.

Formula nya : The + Comparative, the + Comparative.

Contoh : The more beautiful a girl is, the happier she is.

Contoh Soal : The cheaper the price is, the most excited the people are.
A B C D
Yang salah C, harusnya the more.

Additional Exercise :

1. According to Bernoulli’s principle, the higher the speed of a fluid gas

………………………. the pressure.
A. it will be lower
B. lower than the
C. the lower
D. lower it is

2. For many children, nothings seems as exciting ______ their first airplane ride.

(A) so does (C) than (B)as (D) on

3. Sirius, the Dog star, is the most brightest star in the sky with an absolute
A B
magnitude about twenty-three times that of the Sun.
C D

4. The harder he tried, the worst he danced before the large audience.
A B C D
5. During the 1700s, Philadelphia developed into wealthiest city in the
A B C D
American colonies.

6. Climate, soil type, and availability of water are more critical factors
A B
the selection of the best type of grass for lawn.
C D
 COMPOUND SENTENCES & COMPLEX SENTENCES

Didalam Compound dan Complex Sentences ini, TOEFL memfocuskan

pada : Adjective Clauses, Adverbial Clauses, dan Noun Clauses BUKAN
Compound dan Complex Sentences nya.

Mari kita bahas tentang mereka satu per satu :

Adjective Clauses
Perhatikan Kalimat (Simple Sentence) di bawah ini, yg sdh dibahas di pertemuan
pertama :

Mr.Taufiq teaches TOEFL

Mr.Taufiq (Subject), teaches (Predicate), TOEFL (Object) >> Kallimat tersebut tdk
ada Adjective Clause nya. Bahkan kalimat2 berikut ini tdk ada Adjectice clauses
nya :

1. Mr.Taufiq teaches TOEFL in the afternoon and in the evening

2. Mr.Taufiq teaches TOEFL diligently in the afternoon and in the evening
together wit his friends
Sepanjang apapun kalimat itu atau sebanyak apapun kata2 di kalimat itu, jika tdk
ada Relative Pronoun di kalimat itu, maka kalimat itu tdk akan ada Adjective
Clause nya KARENA semua Adjective Clause harus menggunakan Relative
Pronoun.Berikut ini adalah Relative Pronoun2 :

__ Who dan Whom (arti : Yang) dipakai utk menggantikan manusia (humans)

__ Which (arti : Yang) dipakai utk menggantikan binatang dan benda mati

__ Whose (arti:Yang memiliki) dipakai utk menggantikan manusia dan hewan

__ Where (arti : Dimana) dipakai utk menggantikan tempat

__ When (arti : Ketika) dipakai utk menggantikan waktu

__ Why (arti : Kenapa) dipakai utk menggantikan alasan

Perhatikan contoh2 di bawah ini :

1. Mr.Taufiq, who teaches TOEFL, is cute.

Mr.Taufiq (subject), is (Predicate), dan who teaches TOEFL (Adjective
Clause krn ada Relative Pronoun, Who, disana,

2. Mr.Taufiq teaches TOEFL which is very difficult.

Mr.Taufiq (subject), teaches (Predicate), TOEFL (Object) , dan which is
very difficult (Adjective Clause krn ada Relative Pronoun, Which, disana,

3. Mr.Taufiq, whom we met yesterday, teaches TOEFL >> Manakah

Adjective Clause nya ?

4. Mr.Taufiq, whose wife is beautiful,, teaches TOEFL >> Manakah

Adjective Clause nya ?

5. We know the city where Mr.Taufiq teaches TOEFL >> Manakah

Adjective Clause nya ?

6. I want to know the dates when Mr.Taufiq teaches TOEFL >> Manakah
Adjective Clause nya ?

7. I don’t know the reason why Mr.Taufiq teaches TOEFL every day >>
Manakah Adjective Clause nya ?

Ingat : Relative Pronoun WHO, WHOM, dan WHICH dapat diganti THAT
>>> Mr.Taufiq, that teaches TOEFL, is cute
>>> Mr.Taufiq, that we met yesterday, teaches TOEFL
>>> Mr.Taufiq teaches TOEFL that is very difficult

Sekarang, bagaimana TOEFL menjebak kita di dalam test nya?

1. TOEFL memberi Relative Pronoun yg salah

Contoh : They visit their uncle which lives in the U.S.A.
A B C D
Yg salah B, hrsnya WHO krn uncle manusia.
2. TOEFL menjebak kita dg menggunakan WHO dan WHOM.
Kita hrs tahu bhw WHO sll diikuti Predicate dan WHOM sll
diikuti Subject.
# The lady whom studies in London is our aunt.
A B C D
Yg salah B, hrsnya WHO krn diikuti Predicate studies

# The lady who we like very much is our aunt.

A B C D
Yg salah B, hrsnya WHOM krn diikuti Subject we.

3. TOEFL menyandingkan Relative Pronoun dg Preposition.

Ingat, hnya Relative Pronoun WHO dan WHICH yg bisa
disandingkan dg Preposition.
Contoh : The student with who my sister is talking will study
A B C D
in Jakarta.
Yg salah B, hrsnya with whom krn hnya WHOM dan WHICH yg
blh disandingkan dg preposition.

Contoh : The house in where we live is very big.

A B C D
Yg salah B, hrsnya in which krn hnya WHOM dan WHICH yg
blh disandingkan dg preposition.

Soal :

1. After the police had tried unsuccessfully to determine to who the car
A B C
belonged, they towed it into the station.
D
2. The Chinese hibiscus grows throughout the tropic and

A
subtropics, in where the locals call them China
B C D
rose and shoe flower.
4. TOEFL tdk memberi Relative Pronoun di soal nya, tapi
sebenarnya Relative Pronoun itu dibutuhkan. Ciri ciri : ada 2
predicates di kalimat itu.
Contoh :
The students got scholarhips to study abroad are from UNDIP
A B C D
Yang salah B, harusnya who got krn ada ada 2 predicate : got dan
are. Lihat : The students got scholarships to study abroab.Tdk
memakai Relative Pronoun krn hnya ada 1 predicate : got.

5. TOEFL menuntut kita untuk mencari sendiri Adjective Clause nya.

Contoh 1 : The gold seekers ............................ were trapped in the cave.

A. searched for gold C. which searched for gold
B. searching for gold D. who searched for gold
Jawaban yg benar D.

Contoh 2 : The mechanic repaired the car ........................ last week.

A. who crashed the tree C. which crashed the tree

B. whom crashed D. crashed the tree
Jawaban yg benar C