NAMA : AHMAD SYAFAAT MULIAWAN

NIM : 2004411262
STRUCTURE
1. Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes _______ they both emit hot liquids
from below the Earth's surface.
(A) due to
(B) because
(C) in spite of
(D) regardless of
Kalimat ini seharusnya, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because
they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface." Olehnya Anda harus
memilih jawaban B.

2. During the early period of ocean navigation, ________ any need for sophisticated
instruments and techniques.
(A) so that hardly
(B) where there hardly was
(C) hardly was
(D) there was hardly
Kalimat ini seharusnya, "During the early period of ocean navigation, there was
hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques." Olehnya Anda harus
memilih jawaban D.

3. ________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.

a) Yesterday
b) In the morning
c) Traffic
d) Cars

Dari contoh di atas, terdapat sebuah kata kerja (was), tapi tidak terdapat subjek.
Maka jawaban yang paling tepat yaitu c) Traffic. Jawaban a), dan b) tidak termasuk
dalam kategori subjek. Ingat!!! Kata keterangan waktu seperti yesterday, in the
morning dll tidak boleh menjadi subjek. Sementara jawaban d) juga salah
karena cars berbentuk jamak sehingga tidak sesuai dengan kata kerja was (tunggal)

4. Engineers _____ for work on the new space program.

a) necessary
b) are needed
c) hopefully
d) next month

Kalimat di atas sudah mempunyai subjek (enggineer), hanya saja tidak mempunyai

kata kerja. Olehnya yang dibutuhkan untuk mengisi jawabannya yaitu sebuah kata
kerja. Dari ke empat jawaban yang tersedia hanya satu yang berbentuk kata kerja
 yaitu jawaban b) are needed.  Jadi jelaslah bahwa jawabannya adalah
b. Necessary (kata sifat), hopefully (kata keterangan/adverb), next month (kata
keterangan/adverb). 

5. __________ loom high above the northern and northeastern boundaries of the
expanding city of Tucson. 
(A) The Santa Catalina mountains 
(B) Because the Santa Catalina mountains 
(C) The Santa Catalina mountains are 
(D) That the Santa Catalina mountains 

(A) The Santa Catalina mountains

Pembahasan jawaban: Butuh subject. Verb nya adalah `loom`. 

6. Radioactive __________ provides a powerful way to measure geologic time. 

(A) it 
(B) dates 
(C) dating 
(D) can 

(C) dating 

 Butuh subject. `Radioactive` merupakan adjective, jadi belum ada subject.

`Provides` merupakan kata kerja. 
 Adjective + Noun = Noun (N) atau Noun Phrase (NP)
 Di antara pilihan, pilihan B dan C yang bisa jadi Noun. Jika `dates` sebagai noun
(Pilihan B), maka verb mestinya `provide` (plural). 

7. __________ contained in the chromosomes, and they are thought of as the units of

heredity. 
(A) Genes which are 
(B) Genes are 
(C) When genes 
(D) Because of genes 

 (B) Genes are 

Butuh subject untuk clause pertama. Materi ini masuk di FANBOYS / Coordinate
Connectors. 

8. The benefit __________ the study is that it provides necessary information to

anyone who needs it. 
(A) of 
(B) which 
(C) that 
(D) because 

 (A) of 
  Ada 3 clause: (1) The benefit __________ the study is; (2) that it provides
necessary information to anyone; dan (3) who needs it. 
 Ada 2 connector u/ 3 clause, jadi sudah cukup, tidak butuh connector lagi. Jadi,
jelas jawaban B, C, dan D salah. 

9. The same symptoms that occur __________ occur with cocaine. 

(A) amphetamines can 
(B) with amphetamines can 
(C) so amphetamines 
(D) with amphetamines they

(B) with amphetamines can 

 Di soal, ada 2 verb (`occur` dan `occur`); jelas butuh 1 connector.

 Pola kalimat ini: S ______C/S V_______ V [Adjective clause]
 The same symptoms [that occur with amphetamines] can occur with cocaine

10. Many companies across the country have molded the concepts
__________ describes into an integrated strategy for preventing stress. 
(A) and Wolf 
(B) that Wolf 
(C) what Wolf 
(D) so Wolf 

(B) that Wolf 

 Di soal sudah ada 2 verb jadi minimal 1 connector. Di pilihan ternyata semua ada
1 connector.
 Pilihan A dan D memiliki FANBOYS/Coordinate Connector, yang berarti polanya
akan seperti: SV, CSV [ada koma]. Olehnya, pilihan A dan D salah.
 Connector `what` di pilihan C digunakan di Noun Clause, yang berarti posisinya
mesti setelah `Verb` atau `Preposition`, jika sebagai object. Olehnya, pilijam C
salah.
 Pilihan B akan membuat `that Wolf describes ....` menjadi adjective clause.

11. __________ in the first draft of the budget will not necessarily be in the final draft. 
(A) Although it appears 
(B) It appears 
(C) What appears 
(D) Despite its appearance 

(C) What appears 

  Kalimat ini butuh `subject` - Noun. Di antara pilihan hanya C yang bisa jadi
subject: noun clause.
 `Although` akan berpola: CSV, SV [adverb clause]
 Pilihan B jelas salah; double verb. 
 Di pilihan D, `despite` merupakan preposition, jadi `its appearance` akan
menjadi object, bukan subject. 

12. If a food label indicates that a food is mostly carbohydrate, it does not mean
__________ is a good food to eat. 
(A) and it 
(B) and 
(C) that it 
(D) when 

(C) that it 

 Secara pola (umum), kalimat d atas berbentuk: CSV, SV. Clause pertama
sudah lengkap, jadi bisa dihapus - untuk menyederhanakan kalimat. 
 Maka yg tertinggal: It does not mean __________ is a good food to eat. 
 Olehnya, minimal kita membutuhkan 1 connector. Jika, kita memilih D maka
polanya mestinya SV CSV [adverb clause]. Jadi, pilihan D salah dan hal ini juga
berlaku u/ pilihan B.
 Kata `mean` membutuhkan object. Maka kita membutuhkan Noun Clause.
Jadi, pilihan tepat adalah C. 

13. A need for space law to include commercial concerns has __________ been
recognized inasmuch been expanding drastically in recent years. 
(A) the commercial launch industry 
(B) the commercial launch industry has 
(C) as has the commercial launch industry 
(D) as the commercial launch industry has 

(D) as the commercial launch industry has 

 `Inasmuch as` merupakan connector `Adverb Clause`. 

 Adverb clause berpola: CSV.
 Olehnya, pilihan tepat adalah D. 

14. The report on the nuclear power plant indicated that when the plant had gone on
line __________ unsafe. 
(A) and it had been 
(B) it had been 
(C) had been 
(D) that it had been
 (B) it had been 

 Frasa `indicated that` menandahkan bahwa pola kalimat ini secara umum: SV
CSV [Noun clause].
 Maka SVC bisa dieliminasi, untuk memulai kalimat baru.
 Sisa kalimat: when the plant had gone on line __________ unsafe. 
 Nampak kita tidak butuh lagi connector, kita hanya butuh Subject & Verb.
 Pilihan tepat adalah B.

15. Dolphins form extremely complicated allegiances and __________ continually

change. 
(A) enmities that 
(B) that are enmities
(C) enmities that are 
(D) that enmities 

(A) enmities that 

 Kata `and` menghubungkan `allegiances` dan `enmities`. 

 Di soal ada 2 verb: Form dan Change, olehnya butuh 1 connector `that`. Olehnya,
pilihan B dan C salah karena ada `are` -double verb.

16. Scientists are now beginning to conduct experiments on __________ trigger

different sorts of health risks. 
(A) noise pollution can 
(B) that noise pollution 
(C) how noise pollution 
(D) how noise pollution can 

(D) how noise pollution can 

 Di soal, ada dua Verb `are beginning` dan `trigger`. Minimal butuh 1 connector.
Pilihan A sudah pasti salah.
 Secara umum prep tidak mungkin ketemu dengan connector `that`, maka pilihan
B bisa dieliminasi.
 Pilihan C salah karena jika `noise pollution` sebagai subject maka mestinya
`triggers` (singular)

17. The Apollo 11 astronauts __________ of the Earth's inhabitants witnessed on the
famous first moonwalk on July 20, 1969, were Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. 
(A) whom 
(B) whom millions 
 (C) were some 
(D) whom some were

(B) whom millions 

 Pola soal di atas: Subject ___________________ Verb. Di tengah diisi dengan

adjective clause (CSV atau C/SV).
 Di soal sudah ada dua Verb `witnessed` dan `were`, minimal butuh 1 con.
Maka C sudah pasti salah.
 Pilihan D juga pasti salah karena clause di tengah akan jad double verb. 
 Rumus Whom adalah CSV, olehnya kita butuh `million` (Pilihan B) sebagai
subject.

18. At the end of the nineteenth century, Alfred Binet developed a test for measuring
intelligence __________ served as the basis of modern IQ tests. 
(A) has 
(B) it has 
(C) and 
(D) which has 

(D) which has 

 Pilihan A dan B pasti salah karena akan jadi double verb `developed` dan
`served`.
 Secara pola, pilihan C dan D memungkinkan. Jika pilih C, maka `and` seakan-
akan mengubungkan antara `developed` (V2) dan `served` (V2).
 Sementara, jika memilih D maka `which has served ...` akan menjadi adjective
clause menjelaskan `a test for measuring intelligence`.
 Cara pertama -dan paling gampang- untuk memilih pilihan C dan D adalah dg
pendekatan `makna`. Jika kita pilih C, maka seakan2 Alfred Binet berperan
sebagai dasar dari tes IQ. Jika pilih D, maka yang menjadi dasar tes IQ adalah
`a test`, maka jelas paling tepat adalah D.
 Cara lain frasa `modern IQ tests` menandakan waktu present, olehnya tidak
bisa `served` (V2/past) sebagai verb. Di pilihan D, verb nya adalah `has
served` (present).

19. __________ have at least four hours of hazardous materials response training is

mandated by federal law. 
(A) All police officers 
(B) All police officers must 
(C) That all police officers 
(D) For all police officers

(C) That all police officers 

 Pola soal di atas: Subject ___________________ Verb. Di tengah diisi dengan

adjective clause (CSV atau C/SV).
  Di soal, kita memiliki 2 verb `have` dan `is mandated`, maka jelas butuh 1
connector. 

20. A cloud's reservoir of negative charge extends upward from the altitude at
__________ the freezing point. 
(A) temperatures hit 
(B) hit temperatures 
(C) which temperatures hit 
(D) which hit temperatures 

C) which temperatures hit 

 Kalimat ini pasti ada dua clause. Di soal ada kata kerja `extends`, dan di pilihan
jawaban ada `hit`. Olehnya butuh 1 connector. Pilihan A dan B sudah pasti salah.
 `At which` sebagaimana `prep + which/whom`, dia pasti berpola C S V. Maka
jawabannya adalah C.

21. In a 1988 advanced officers' training program, Sampson developed a plan to

incorporate police in enforcing environmental protection laws whenever
__________ feasible. 
(A) it is 
(B) is 
(C) has 
(D) it has 

A) it is 

 Setelah connector `whenever`, kita butuh SV. Maka pilihan B dan C jelas salah.
 `Feasible` merupakan adjective, jadi jawabannya adalah `it is`. 
 It is beautiful. Bukan it has beautiful. 
 Materi ini materi adverb clause. 

22. __________ will be carried in the next space shuttle payload has not yet been
announced to the public. 
(A) It 
(B) What 
(C) When 
(D) That

(B) What 

 Di soal ada dua verb: `will be carried` dan `has not yet been announced`, olehnya
butuh 1 connector. Pilihan A sudah pasti salah.
 Jika `that` di awal kalimat maka dia pasti berpola C S V (Noun Clause), olehnya
pilihan D pasti salah.
  Kata `when` di awal biasanya menandakan Adverb Clause yang berpola: C S V.
Olehnya, besar kemungkinan pilihan C salah.
 Cara memastikan dengan jelas salahnya C adalah dengan memaknai. What
(Apa) / When (kapan) yang dibawa di pesawat luar angkasa belum diumumkan.
Jelas mestinya what bukan when. Masuk di materi Noun Clause.
 Pola [C/SV] V. Noun clause sebagai subject.

23. During free fall, __________ up to a full minute, a skydiver will fall at a constant
speed of 120 m.p.h. 
(A) it is 
(B) which is 
(C) being 
(D) is 

(B) which is 

 Di soal ada 1 verb `will fall`,  maka pilihan A dan C pasti salah karena akan jadi 2
verb tanpa connector.
 Pilihan B adalah bentuk adjective clause menjelskan `free fall`. 

24. The fact __________ the most important ratings period is about to begin has caused
all the networks to shore up their schedules. 
(A) is that 
(B) of 
(C) that 
(D) what

(C) that 

 Di soal ada 2 verb: `is` dan `has caused`, jadi minimal 1 connector. 
 Pola: Subject ________CSV__________ Verb. Pola ini menandakan pola adjective
clause.
 `What` tidak digunakan di adjective clause. Olehnya, pilihan tepat adalah `that`.
 `The fact that` juga termasuk frasa yang sangat umum digunakan, bukan `the fact
what`.

25. With his friends _____ found the movie theater.

a) has
b) he
c) later
d) when

Pada kalimat di atas terdapat kata kerja (found). Sementara subjek tidak terdapat.
Olehnya yang kita perlukan dalam pilihan jawaban yaitu subjek. Kata friend dalam
kalimat di atas bukanlah subjek dari kalimat karena friend adalah objek
 dari preposition with. Dari ke empat pilihan di atas hanya pilihan b) he yang bisa
dijadikan sebagai subjek. Olehnya jawaban dari kalimat di atas yaitu b) he. Has
(verb), later (adverb), dan when (conjunction). 

26. _____, George, is attending the lecture.

a) Right now
b) Happily
c) Because of the time
d) My friend

Penggunaan koma di atas memberitahu kita bahwa George bukanlah merupakan

subjek dari kalimat. George merupakan appositive. Olehnya jawaban yang kita
butuhkan yaitu sebuah subjek untuk melengkapi kalimat di atas. Right now
(adverb), happily (adverb), dan because of the time (adverb) tidaklah bisa menjadi
subjek. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat yaitu bagian d) My friend.

27. _____, Sarah rarely misses her basketball shots.

a) An excellent basketball player
b) An excellent basket player is
c) Sarah is an excellent basket player
d) Her excellent basket player

Pada kata Sarah tidak terdapat koma setelahnya. Ini menandakan

bahwa Sarah merupakan subjek dari kalimat. Kalimat ini juga menjadi contoh bahwa
posisi appositive tidak selalu terletak setelah subjek kalimat. Jadi yang kita butuhkan
dalam kalimat diatas yaitu sebuah appositive yang sama dengan Sarah. Pada
jawaban b) dan c) terdapat kata keja is sehingga bukanlah bentuk appositive. Pada
jawaban d) merupakan bentuk appositive hanya saja play (permainan)
bukanlah appositive untuk Sarah (player). Jadi jawaban yang benar yaitu a) An
excellent basketball player.

28. The child _____ playing in the yard is my son.

a) now
b) is
c) he
d) was

Pada kalimat di atas kita bisa melihat bahwa kalimat tersebut sudah mempunyai
subjek (the child) dan verb (is). Jadi kata present participle playing merupakan
sebuah adjective sehingga tidak butuh be sebelumnya. Olehnya jawaban b) is dan d)
was tidak dibutuhkan oleh kalimat di atas (jawaban salah). Kalimat di atas sudah
sempurna karena sudah mempunyai subjek dan verb sehingga tidak butuh lagi kata
kerja (is/was) atau subjek (he) sehingga c) he juga salah. Jadi jawaban paling tepat
yaitu a) now (adverb).
29. The packages _____ mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.
a) have
b) were
c) them
d) just

Jika di lihat sekilas atau hanya awal kalimatnya saja bisa-bisa kita terkecoh dengan
menganggap mailed  itu sebagai verb dari kalimat padahal kalau kita lihat
kalimatnya selengkapnya maka kita lihat ada verb di sana yaitu will arrive. Jadi dapat
kita ketahui bahwa mailed itu bukanlah bagian dari verb melainkan
sebagai adjective. Olehnya jawaban a) havedan d) were tidak dibutuhkan oleh
mailed -yang berfungsi sebagai adjective. Jawaban c) them (objek tidaklah
dibutuhkan. Jadi jawaban paling tepat yaitu d) just (adverb).

30. A power failure occured, _____ the lamps went out.

a) then
b) so
c) later
d) next

Dari kalimat di atas dapat kita ketahui bahwa kalimat tersebut mempunyai dua
klausa 'a power failure occured' dan 'the lamps went out'. Jadi kalimat tersebut
butuh sebuah coordinate connector untuk menghubungkan ke dua klausa tersebut.
Dari pilihan jawaban yang ada hanya 1 bentuk connector yaitu so. Jadi jawaban
paling tepat yaitu b) so.

31. _____ was late, I missed the appointment.

a) I
b) Because
c) The train
d) Since he

Dari kalimat di atas dapat kita ketahui bahwa kalimat tersebut mempunyai kata
kerja was yang membutuhkan subjek. Juga terdapat klausa yang lain I missed the
appointment. Jika memilih jawaban a) I atau c) The train maka jawaban Anda tidak
tepat karena hanya menyediakan subjek untuk kata
kerja was sementara connector untuk ke dua klausa tersebut Anda abaikan. Untuk
jawaban b) because hanya menyediakan connector jadi juga jawaban yang tidak
tepat. Jawaban paling memungkinkan yaitu d) Since he (karena dia). He sebagai
subjek dari verb was: he was late dan since sebagai connector menghubungkan dua
klausa he was late dan I miss the appointment.

32. You will get a good grade on the exam provided _____.
a) studying
b) study
c) to study
d) you study
 Dari kalimat di atas dapat kita ketahui bahwa kalimat adverb connector nya
yaitu provided yang berada di tengah kalimat. Maka yang kita butuhkan yaitu satu
klausa yang lain. Ingat bahwa klausa merupakan kumpulan kalimat yang mempunyai
satu kombinasi subjek dan verb. Dari pilihan yang ada hanya pilihan bagian jawaban
d) yang mempunyai subjek dan verb. Olehnya pilihan yang tepat yaitu d) you study.

33. _______ was late cused many problems.

a) That he
b) The driver
c) There
d) Because

Dapat segera diketahui bahwa kalimat di atas mempunyai 2 verb (was dan caused)

dan setiap verb butuh subjek. Sementara dari kalimat di atas tidak nampak satupun
subjek. Jadi kita butuh 2 subjek. Jawaban d) Because jelas salah karena bukan
subjek. c) dan b) hanya punya 1 subjek. Jadi pilihan jawaban paling tepat yaitu:
a) That he. He merupakan subjek dari was. Sementara that menjadi connector yang
mejadikan status he was late menajadi subjek dari verb caused. 

34. ____ was on television made me angry

A. It
B. The story
C. What
D. When
Dapat segera diketahui bahwa kalimat di atas mempunyai 2 verb (was dan made)
dan setiap verb butuh subjek. Jawaban A dan B karena subjek 'It' dan 'the story' tidak
bisa menjadi subjek dari 2 verb (was dan made) sekaligus. Jawaban D jelas salah
karena when bukanlah sebuah subjek. Pada jawaban C kata what berfungsi sebagai
subjek dari was dan juga sebagai connector ke dua klausa di atas.; noun clause 'what
was on television' merupakan subjek dari verb 'made.' Olehnya jawaban terbaik
yaitu C. What.

35. The gift ______ selected for the bride was rather expensive.
A. because
B. was
C. since
D. which we

Dapat segera diketahui bahwa kalimat di atas mempunyai 2 clause:gift merupakan

subjek dari kata kerja was, dan kata kerja 'selected' membutuhkan sebuah subjek.
Karena ada dua 2 klausa maka dibutuhkan sebuah connector. Jawaban A dan C
terdapat connector tapi tidak ada subjek. Jadi, bukan jawaban tepat. Jawaban B
mengubah selected menjadi passsive. Jika memilih jawaban ini maka
subjek 'gift' akan mempunyai dua subjek: was selected dan was. Jawaban ini tidak
 benar karena terdapat dua verb tapi tidak ada connector untuk menyambung ke
duanya. Dari segi makna sangat jelas salahnya. Jadi jawaban yang benar yaitu
D. The gift

36. _________ is on the table belongs to John.

(A) The notebook
(B) The notebook which
(C) Because the notebook
(D) Because in the notebook 

The notebook which is on the table belongs to John.

Di soal, ada 2 verb yang berarti minimal butuh 1 connector. Ini berarti pilihan A
sudah past salah. Untuk pilihan C dan D, connector `because` itu adalah u/ adverb
clause yang berpola `CSV, SV`. Olehnya, jawaban yang benar adalah B.

37. Andy Warhol was ____ in the Pop Art movement who was known for his multi-image
silk-screen paintings.
(A) that one of a leading figure
(B) a leading figure 
(C) leading figures
(D) who leads figures

Pembahasan Jawaban: Andy Warhol merupakan seorang figur terkenal (a leading

figure).
Tips: Di soal kita bisa identifikasi ada 2 clause:
1. Andy Warhol was —— in the Pop Art movement
2. who was known for his multi-image silk-screen paintings.
Clauseke dua kita lihat sudah lengkap (terdiri dari subjek dan kata kerja) jadi sudah
tidak ada masalah. Clause pertama kita lihat terdapat subjek dan kata kerja yang
belum lengkap. Dari pilihan yang ada ada dua kemungkinan jawaban yang benar
sesuai structure: jawaban B dan jawaban C. Leading berfungsi sebagai kata sifat
bukan kata kerja jadi sangat jelas jawabannya ialah B. Soal ini juga mudah dijawab
dengan menggunakan sistem pemaknaan.

38. Even with vast research, there is still a great deal that is ____ known about the
workings of the human brain.
(A) neither
(B) none
(C) no
(D) not
Pembahasan Jawaban: not + verb.

39. ____ the United States consists of many different immigrant groups, many
sociologists believe there is a distinct national character.
(A) In spite of
(B) Despite
 (C) Even though 
(D) Whether

Pembahasan Jawaban: yang kita butuhkan ialah connector kalimat (pilihan jawaban

C).
Tips: Di soal terdapat dua clause:
1. ___ the United States consists of many different immigrant groups,
2. many sociologists believe there is a distinct national character.
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang lengkap (terdiri dari subject dan verb). Jadi yang
kita butuhkan hanyalah konektor untuk menghubungkan ke dua clause di ata.
Prinsip: Jika dua clause maka kita butuh 1 connector untuk menghubungkannya: jika
3 clause maka kita butuh 2 connector dan begitu seterusnya. 
Dari pilihan jawaban hanya pilihan D dan C yang merupakan connector. Sementara
pilhan A dan B merupakan preposition. Dari segi makna sangat jelas pilihan
jawabannya ialah C.
40. Typically ____ in meadows or damp woods and bloom in the spring.
(A) wild violets grow
(B) wild violets growth
(C) growing wild violets
(D) the growth of wild violets
Prinsip: Setiap kalimat mesti mempunyai minimal 1 kombinasi subject dan verb. 
Pembahasan Jawaban: Di soal di atas tidak terdapata subject dan verb. Jadi kita
butuhkan subject dan verb. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya pilihan jawaban A yang
mempunyai subject (wild violets) dan verb (grows).

READING
In past centuries, Native Americans living in the arid areas of what is now the southwestern
United States relied on a variety of strategies to ensure the success of their agriculture. First
and foremost, water was the critical factor. The soil was rich because there was little rain to
leach out the minerals, but the low precipitation caused its own problems. Long periods of
drought could have made agriculture impossible; on the other hand, a sudden flood could
just as easily have destroyed a crop.

Several techniques were developed to solve the water problem. The simplest was to plant
crops in the floodplains and wait for the annual floods to water the young crops. A less
dangerous technique was to build dikes or dams to control the flooding. These dikes both
protected the plants against excessive flooding and prevented the water from escaping too
quickly once it had arrived. The Hopi people designed their fields in a checkerboard pattern,
with many small dikes, each enclosing only one or two stalks of maize (corn), while other
groups built a series of dams to control the floods. A third technique was to dig irrigation
ditches to bring water from the rivers. Water was sometimes carried to the fields in jars,
particularly if the season was dry. Some crops were planted where they could be watered
directly by the runoff from cliff walls.

Another strategy Native Americans used to ensure a continuous food supply was to plant
their crops in more than one place, hoping that if one crop failed, another would survive.
However, since the soil was rich and not easily exhausted, the same patch of ground could
be cultivated year after year whereas in the woodlands of the eastern United States it was
necessary to abandon a plot of ground after a few years of farming. In the Southwest, often
two successive crops were planted each year.

It was a common southwestern practice to grow enough food so that some could be dried
and stored for emergencies. If emergency supplies ran low the people turned to the local
wild plants. If these failed, they moved up into the mountains to gather the wild plants that
might have survived in the cooler atmosphere.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Agricultural methods of Native Americans
(B) Irrigation techniques used by the Hopi
(C) Soil quality in the American Southwest
(D) Native American methods of storing emergency food supplies

(A) Agricultural methods of Native Americans

Kalimat pertama setiap paragraf:

In past centuries, Native Americans living in the arid areas of what is now the

southwestern United States relied on a variety of strategies to ensure the success of
their agriculture.
Several techniques were developed to solve the water problem. The simplest was to
plant crops in the floodplains and wait for the annual floods to water the young
crops.

Another strategy Native Americans used to ensure a continuous food supply was to

plant their crops in more than one place, hoping that if one crop failed, another
would survive.
It was a common southwestern practice to grow enough food so that some could be
dried and stored for emergencies.

 since the soil was rich and not easily exhausted, the same patch of ground
could be cultivated year after year, whereas in the woodlands of
the eastern United States it was necessary to abandon a plot of ground after
a few years of farming. In the Southwest, often two successive crops were
planted each year. [line 19-22]
  di southwestern US (the southwest) tanahnya subur dan mineralnya tidak
mudah hilang (not easily exhasuted), dan ini dibandingkan (dg
connector whereas) dengan eastern. Hal ini berarti di eastern itu mineral
tanahnya mudah hilang (tidak subur). Karena tidak suburnya, mereka harus
meninggalkan (abandon) lahan mereka secara berkala (periodically).

2. The word “solve” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) advance toward
(B) protect from
(C) keep in
(D) deal with

(D) deal with

Solve artinya menemukan solusi atau menyelesaikan (masalah), hal ini mirip dengan
makna kata deal with yang bermakna melakukan sesuatu untuk menyelesaikan
sebuat masalah.

3. Planting in the floodplains was not ideal because

(A) the amount of water could not be controlled
(B) the crops could be eaten by wild animals
(C) the floodplains were too remote to be cultivated frequently
(D) corn grows better at high elevations

(A) the amount of water could not be controlled

The simplest was to plant crops in the floodplains and wait for the annual
floods to water the young crops. A less dangerous technique was to build
dikes or dams to control the flooding. These dikes both protected the plants
against excessive flooding and prevented the water from escaping too
quickly once it had arrived. [line 7-11]

4. The word “enclosing” in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) defending
(B) measuring
(C) surrounding
(D) extending

  (C) surrounding

The Hopi people designed their fields in a checkerboard pattern, with many
small dikes, each enclosing only one or two stalks of maize (corn), while
other groups built a series of dams to control the floods.Kata enclosing dalam
konteks ini bermakna mengelilingi.

5. The word “they” in line 16 refers to

(A) fields
(B) jars
 (C) crops
(D) walls

(C) crops

Some crops were planted where they could be watered directly by the runoff

from cliff walls. They (crops) could be watered.

6. Why did farmers in the Southwest plant crops in several places at the same time?
(A) They moved frequently from one place to another.
(B) They feared that one of the crops might fail.
(C) The size of each field was quite limited.
(D) They wanted to avoid overusing the soil.

(B) They feared that one of the crops might fail.

Another strategy Native Americans used to ensure a continuous food supply

was to plant their crops in more than one place, hoping that if one crop
failed, another would survive.

7. The word “patch” in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) type
(B) level
(C) group
(D) piece

(D) piece

since the soil was rich and not easily exhausted, the same patch of ground
could be cultivated year after year, [line 19-20] 

the same patch = the same piece

since the soil was rich ... , the same patch of ground could be cultivated year
after year, (karena tanahnya subur, lahan/area yang sama bisa
diolah/ditanami dari tahun ke tahun.)

8. Why did farmers in the eastern woodlands periodically abandon their fields?

(A) Seasonal flooding made agriculture impossible.
(B) They experienced water shortages.
(C) They wanted a longer growing season.
(D) The minerals in the soil were exhausted.

(D) The minerals in the soil were exhausted.

9. What did farmers in the Southwest do when a crop failed?

(A) They planted in the eastern woodlands.
(B) They gathered food from wild plants.
 (C) They moved away from the mountains.
(D) They redesigned their fields for the next season.

(B) They gathered food from wild plants.

10. Farmers in the Southwest would have benefited most from which of the following?
(A) Steeper cliff walls
(B) More sunshine
(C) Regular rain
(D) Smaller dikes

(C) Regular rain

Untuk nomor 10, jawabannya bisa dikatakan dibahas di semua paragraf. Dari awal
sudah dibahasakan bahwa mereka hidup di daerah kering sehingga harus mencari
strategi dalam bercocok-tanam untuk bertahan hidup.

Misalkan: living in the arid areas [line 1], water was the critical factor [line 3], Long
periods of drought could have made agriculture impossible [line 5], a
sudden flood could just as easily have destroyed a crop [line 6], dan seterusnya.

Marianne Moore (1887–1972) once said that her writing could be called poetry only
because there was no other name for it. Indeed her poems appear to be extremely
compressed essays that happen to be printed in jagged lines on the page. Her subjects were
varied: animals, laborers, artists, and the craft of poetry. From her general reading came
quotations that she found striking or insightful. She included these in her poems,
scrupulously enclosed in quotation marks, and sometimes identified in footnotes. Of this
practice, she wrote, “‘Why the many quotation marks?’ l am asked . . .When a thing has
been said so well that it could not be said better, why paraphrase it? Hence my writing is, if
not a cabinet of fossils, a kind of collection of flies in amber.” Close observation and
concentration on detail are the methods of her poetry.

Marianne Moore grew up in Kirkwood, Missouri, near St. Louis. After graduation from Bryn
Mawr College in 1909, she taught commercial subjects at the Indian School in Carlisle,
Pennsylvania. Later she became a librarian in New York City. During the 1920s she was
editor of The Dial, an important literary magazine of the period. She lived quietly all her life,
mostly in Brooklyn, New York. She spent a lot of time at the Bronx Zoo, fascinated by
animals. Her admiration of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team—before the team moved to
Los Angeles— was widely known.

Her first book of poems was published in London in 1921 by a group of friends associated
with the Imagist movement. From that time on her poetry has been read with interest by
succeeding generations of poets and readers. In 1952 she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for
her Collected Poems. She wrote that she did not write poetry “for money or fame. To earn a
living is needful, but it can be done in routine ways. One writes because one has a burning
desire to objectify what it is indispensable to one’s happiness to express.”

11. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) The influence of the Imagists on Marianne Moore
(B) Essayists and poets of the 1920s
(C) The use of quotations in poetry
(D) Marianne Moore’s life and work

(D) Marianne Moore’s life and work

Semua paragraf membahas tentang kehidupan pribadi dan pekerjaan si Marianne

Moore. Pilihan lain disebutkan tapi tidak didiskusikan di seluruh paragraf.

12. Which of the following can be inferred about Moore’s poems?

(A) They are better known in Europe than the United States.
(B) They do not use traditional verse forms.
(C) They were all published in The Dial.
(D) They tend to be abstract.

(B) They do not use traditional verse forms.

Marianne Moore (1887–1972) once said that her writing could be called poetry only
because there was no other name for it. 
(Terjemahan: Marianne Moore (1887–1972) pernah berkata bahwa tulisannya bisa
disebut puisi hanya karena tidak ada nama lain untuk itu.)

Di kalimat pertama paragraf 1 disebutkan bagaimana tulisan dari Marianne itu

dianggap sebagai puisi, karena tidak ada istilah lain untuk jenis tulisannya.

13. According to the passage, Moore wrote about all of the following EXCEPT
(A) artists
(B) animals
(C) fossils
(D) workers

(C) fossils

Her subjects were varied: animals, laborers [workers], artists, and the craft of
poetry. [paragraph 1]

Jelas tidak disebutkan fossil. 

14. What does Moore refer to as “flies in amber” (line 8)?

(A) A common image in her poetry
 (B) Poetry in the twentieth century
(C) Concentration on detail
(D) Quotations within her poetry

(D) Quotations within her poetry

Perkataan Marianne flies in amber, sebagai analogi dari kutipan (quotation) di

dalam tulisanya. Quotation dalm tulisannya dan flies dalam amber sama-
sama tidak ada perubahan, atau sama-sama mempertahankan bentuk
original dari quotation/flies. 

15. The author mentions all of the following as jobs held by Moore EXCEPT
(A) commercial artist
(B) teacher
(C) magazine editor
(D) librarian

(A) commercial artist

Marianne Moore grew up in Kirkwood, Missouri, near St. Louis. After graduation
from Bryn Mawr College in 1909, she taught commercial subjects at the Indian
School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Later she became a librarian in New York City.
During the 1920s she was editor of The Dial, an important literary magazine of the
period. [paragraph 2]

16. The word “period” in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) movement
(B) school
(C) region
(D) time

(D) time

Selain bisa dipahami dari konteks, secara umum time memang diartikan period.

17. Where did Moore spend most of her adult life?

(A) In Kirkwood
(B) In Brooklyn
(C) In Los Angeles
(D) In Carlisle

(B) In Brooklyn

She lived quietly all her life, mostly in Brooklyn, New York. [paragraph 2]

18. The word “succeeding” in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) inheriting
 (B) prospering
(C) diverse
(D) later

(D) later

From that time on her poetry has been read with interest by succeeding generations
of poets and readers.

Di kalimat ini, succeeding generations berarti generasi selanjutnya/ke

depan/berikutnya.

19. The word “it” in line 21 refers to

(A) writing poetry
(B) becoming famous
(C) earning a living
(D) attracting readers

(C) earning a living

To earn a living is needful, but it can be done in routine ways.

Tips dalam menjawab soal pronoun seperti ini, selain dari segi makna juga bisa
dilihat dari posisi. Biasanya pronoun it kembali ke subject dari clause sebelumnya.
Dalam konteks ini, subject dari clause sebelumnya adalah to earn a living (mencari
nafkah/uang/penghasilan).

20. It can be inferred from the passage that Moore wrote because she
(A) wanted to win awards
(B) was dissatisfied with what others
(C) felt a need to express herself
(D) wanted to raise money for the Bronx Zoo

(C) felt a need to express herself

Jawaban untuk nomor 10 ada di kalimat terakhir dari bacaan di atas. 

One writes because one has a burning desire to objectify what it is indispensable to
one’s happiness to express.”
(Terjemahan: Seseorang menulis karena ia memiliki hasrat yang membara untuk
mewujudkan apa yang sangat diperlukan untuk diungkapkan oleh
kebahagiaannya.”)
Most roaming predators display “jack-form” swimming (technically, “carangiform,” after the
Carangidae family, which includes jacks, scads, and pompanos). Although there is some
variation, in general they have certain features in common: a head like the nose of an
aircraft, often sloping down on the top, and a tapered posterior that ends in a forked tail.
That portion of the body that connects with the forked tail is narrowed. A jack, like other
carangiform swimmers, is adapted for acceleration. It thrusts its rather stiff body from side
to side, creating propulsion without much waving of the body, encountering less resistance
than eel-form undulations produce. The forked pattern of the tail reduces drag; the
narrowed portion of the body connected to the tail minimizes recoil, and thus helps keep
the body still. Jack-form fish are efficient swimmers, as they must be to catch their prey. 

The least efficient swimmers are those that move trunkfish style (technically, “ostraciform,”
after the family Ostraciidae, which includes trunkfishes and cowfishes). Like the jacks, they
use their tails for propulsion, but in so inept and clumsy a manner as to make it clear that
speed is not their objective. Puffer fish and porcupine fish swim in trunkfish style. Lacking
speed, they must depend on body armor or the secretion of toxic substances for protection.

21. The word “suggests” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) implies
(B) demands
(C) describes
(D) compares

(A) implies: menyatakan secara tidak langsung

suggest: menyatakan secara tidak langsung

22. The word “it” in line 10 refers to

(A) tail
(B) thrust
(C) body
(D) water

(C) body

Letak jawaban: These undulating motions generate a backward thrust of the body
against the water, thereby driving it forward
Terjemahan: Gerakan bergelombang ini menghasilkan dorongan ke belakang tubuh
terhadap air, sehingga mendorongnya [tubuh] ke depan

23. Which of the following does the author mention as the cause of the eel’s inefficient
swimming style?
(A) The increased drag produced by the movement of the body
(B) The eel’s habit of usually swimming near the bottom of the water
(C) The simple structure of the eel’s body
(D) The weakness of the backward thrust of the eel’s tail
 (A) The increased drag produced by the movement of the body

Eel-form swimming is effective but not particularly efficient because the undulations

increase the drag, or resistance in the water. 
Berenang bentuk belut (eel-form) efektif tetapi tidak begitu efisien karena undulasi
(gerakan atas bawah) meningkatkan tarikan, atau hambatan di dalam air.

24. The word “employed” in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) used
(B) occupied
(C) developed
(D) provided

(A) used
use = employ = utilize = exercise (menggunakan)
Kosakata di atas, sinonim dari `use`,

25. It can be inferred from the passage that blennies (line 13) are
(A) bottom dwellers
(B) sharks
(C) predators
(D) a type of eel

(A) bottom dwellers

It is employed, therefore, mostly by bottom dwellers that do not move quickly or

efficiently. Not only eels but also blennies swim this way, as do flounders, which
undulate vertically, top to bottom, rather than horizontally, and certain slow-moving
sharks, such as the nurse and wobbegong shark. 

26. The word “minimizes” in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) prevents
(B) reduces
(C) determines
(D) repeats

(A) prevents: menghindari

(B) reduces: mengurangi
(C) determines: menentukan
(D) repeats: mengulangi

27. What does the author mention about fish that are “jack-form” swimmers?
(A) They usually prey on bottomdwelling fish.
 (B) Their swimming style lets them catch prey effectively.
(C) They have tails similar to those of eels.
(D) Their highly flexible skeletal structure allows them to swim efficiently.

(B) Their swimming style lets them catch prey effectively.

Letak kunci jawaban: Jack-form fish are efficient swimmers, as they must be to catch
their prey. 

28. The word “objective” in line 30 is closest in meaning to

(A) ability
(B) preference
(C) purpose
(D) method

(C) purpose: tujuan

Objective/aim/goal: tujuan

29. Which of the following fish would most likely emit a poisonous substance?
(A) A nurse shark
(B) A jack
(C) A pompano
(D) A puffer fish

(D) A puffer fish

Puffer fish and porcupine fish swim in trunkfish style. Lacking speed, they must
depend on body armor or the secretion of toxic substances for protection.

30. Which of the following statements does the passage support?

(A) A scientist today would use a system of classification for fish locomotion similar
to that used in the 1920s.
(B) Scientists today still do not understand the mechanics of fish locomotion.
(C) Mathematical analysis of fish locomotion has remained largely unaltered since
the 1920s.
(D) The classification of fish locomotion has been simplified since it was devised in
the 1920s

(A) A scientist today would use a system of classification for fish locomotion similar
to that used in the 1920s.

Jawaban dari soal ini dibahas di paragraf pertama:

Beginning in the 1920s, careful efforts have been made to classify and measure these
various means of locomotion. Although the nomenclature and mathematics used to
describe fish locomotion have become quite complex, the basic classification system
is still largely the same as it was first outlined. 
If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place.
Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes
that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the
ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner,
the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of
course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.

The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the
ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in
areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus, salinity
may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation or decreased by the addition
of freshwater by precipitation or runoff.

Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat
higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation.
Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in
other oceanic areas.

A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and
melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this
manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did
before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity
of the surrounding water.

In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of
this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and
is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.

31. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The elements of salt
(B) The bodies of water of the world
(C) The many forms of ocean life
(D) The salinity of ocean water

(D) The salinity of ocean water

`Salinity` sangat jelas disebutkan secara explicit di kalimat pertama di awal paragraf.
Pilihan A, B, dan C tidak dibahas di kalimat pertama paragraf manapun.

32. The word “this” in line 5 refers to

(A) ocean
(B) evaporation
(C) salinity
(D) crystals

(B) evaporation
33. According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in
(A) coastal areas
(B) tropical areas
(C) rainy areas
(D) turbulent areas

(B) tropical areas

Jawabannya di `Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean
salinity is somewhat higher …`.
 
34. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT
(A) evaporation
(B) precipitation
(C) runoff
(D) melting

(A) evaporation
Jawabannya di `salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by
evaporation`. (Paragraph 2)

35. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body of water can best be
inferred from the passage?
(A) The temperature of the water is the most important factor.
(B) The speed with which water moves is directly related to the amount of salt.
(C) Ocean salinity has little effect on sea life.
(D) Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.

(D) Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.
Semua paragraph membahas tentang proses2/penyebab2 perbedaan kandungan
garam dan air (salinity): subtraction, precipitation, & formation/melting of sea ice.
 

36. The word “altered” in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) determined
(B) changed
(C) accumulated
(D) needed

(B) changed
Kata `alter` -bermakna mengubah- termasuk biasa digunakan, wajib dihafal.
 
37. The word “it” in line 19 refers to
(A) sea ice
(B) salinity
(C) seawater
(D) manner
 (C) seawater

38. Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea?

(A) To show that this body of water has salinity variations
(B) To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters
(C) To give an example of increased salinity due to freezing
(D) To point out the location of deep waters

(C) To give an example of increased salinity due to freezing

Letak jawaban ada di `… this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold
water`.

39. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?
(A) The salt remains in the water.
(B) The surrounding water sinks.
(C) Water salinity decreases.
(D) The water becomes denser.

(C) Water salinity decreases.

Posisi jawabannya juga sama dengan nomor sebelumnya `… this freezing process,
which increases the salinity of cold water`.

40. What can be inferred about the water near the bottom of oceans?
(A) It is relatively warm.
(B) Its salinity is relatively high.
(C) It does not move.
(D) It evaporates quickly.

(B) Its salinity is relatively high.

Kunci jawaban bisa ditemui di `freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold
water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of
the world.

As many as a thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North
America were building with adobe—sun-baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes
looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and
contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and
other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction
easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later
Spanish explorers must have realized, since they called them pueblos, which is Spanish for
towns.

The people of the pueblos raised what are called the three sisters—corn, beans, and squash.
They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold
water. The Southwest has always been a dry country where water is scarce. The Hopi and
Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches.
Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion.

The way of life of less-settled groups was simpler. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute
wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific
Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as rabbits and snakes. In the Far
North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They lived
right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When
summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou.

The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the
grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison,
commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was
used to make their clothing and the covering of their tents and tepees.

41. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The architecture of early American Indian buildings
(B) The movement of American Indians across North America
(C) Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians
(D) The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America

(D) The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America

Pembahasan jawaban:

·       Tips mudah menjawab ide pokok ialah dengan melihat keyword2 di kalimat
pertama setiap paragraf
·       Kata `architecture` tidak disebutkan sama sekali di kalimat pertama tiap paragraph,
maka bisa dipastikan pilihan A pasti salah. Hal ini juga berlaku u/ `ceremonies and
rituals`, maka pilihan C juga salah.
·       `Movement` juga tidak secara eksplisit dijelaskan, di Paragraf 1 dibahas terkiat
bahan utama (adobe) dari rumah Hopi & Zuni. Paragraf 2 membahas terkait
makanan pokok, ke 3 juga di paragraph 1 tidak sama sekali, kecuali Ketika kita
membaca kalima ke 2 (tidak disarankan dibaca u/ ide pokok, kecuali konteks
tertentu).
·       Jadi, jelas jawabannya adalah D. Untuk mudahnya, lihat saja keyword `Indians` (P1
& 4) dan `North America` (P1), dan `new way of life` (P3.)

42. According to the passage, the Hopi and Zuni typically built their homes
(A) in valleys
(B) next to streams
(C) on open plains
(D) against cliffs

(D) against cliffs

 Jawabannya di kalimat ` These buildings were usually put up against cliffs`

43. The word “They” in line 6 refers to

(A) goods
(B) buildings
(C) cliffs
(D) enemies

(B) buildings

44. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were
(A) very small
(B) highly advanced
(C) difficult to defend
(D) quickly constructed

(B) highly advanced

Jawaban nomor 4 di Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses.
Some were four stories high

45. The author uses the phrase “the three sisters” in line 8 to refer to
(A) Hopi women
(B) family members
(C) important crops
(D) rain ceremonies

(C) important crops

46. The word “scarce” in line 10 is closest in meaning to

(A) limited
(B) hidden
(C) pure
(D) necessary

(A) limited
`Scarce` artinya terbatas/sedikit/kurang. Kata ini wajib diketahui karena termasuk
sering digunakan.
 
47. Which of the following is true of the Shoshone and Ute?
(A) They were not as settled as the  Hopi and Zuni.
(B) They hunted caribou.
(C) They built their homes with adobe.
(D) They did not have many religious ceremonies

(A) They were not as settled as the Hopi and Zuni.

Jawabannya di kalimat 1 paragraf 3 ` The way of life of less-settled groups was
simpler`
48. According to the passage, which of the following groups lived in the grasslands?
(A) The Shoshone and Ute
(B) The Cheyenne and Sioux
(C) The Hopi and Zuni
(D) The Pawnee and Inuit

(B) The Cheyenne and Sioux

Di kalimat pertama paragraph akhir ` The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes,
known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands`

49. Which of the following animals was most important to the Plains Indians?
(A) The salmon
(B) The caribou
(C) The seal
(D) The bison

(D) The bison

Di kalimat `They hunted bison`. Hewan lain tidak disebutkan.

50. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a dwelling place of early
North Americans?
(A) Log cabins
(B) Adobe houses
(C) Tepees
(D) Igloos

(A) Log cabins

·       Adobe u/ Hopi & Zuni Indians (P1)

·       Igloos u/ Small tribes (e.g., Shoshone & Ute) (P3)
·       Tepees u/ Plains Indians (P4)
LISTENING
Exercise 2
1. (A) The final exam was harder than the others.
(B) There were two exams rather than one.
(C) He thought the exam would be easier.
(D) The exam was not very difficult.

2. (A) He’s not feeling very well.

(B) He’s rather sick of working.
(C) He’s feeling better today than yesterday.
(D) He’d really rather not answer the question.

3. (A) The company was founded about a year ago.

(B) It was just established that he could go into business.
(C) The family is well-established.
(D) The business only lasted a year.

4. (A) He did not look at the right schedule.

(B) The plane landed in the right place.
(C) The plane arrived on time.
(D) He had to wait for the plane to land.

5. (A) She’d rather go running.

(B) She doesn’t want to go into the pool.
(C) She’ll change clothes quickly and go swimming.
(D) She needs a sweat suit to go running.

6. (A) The firefighters saved the homes for last.

(B) A firefighter saved the hillside last night.
 (C) The homes on the hillside were burned.
(D) The houses weren’t destroyed.

7. (A) There’s enough soup.

(B) The spices are adequate.
(C) She thinks the soup’s too salty.
(D) The man should add more salt and pepper.

8. (A) He was lucky to receive a grant for his studies.

(B) He used his fortune to pay his fees.
(C) He is a scholar at a college with low fees.
(D) He paid to get a scholarship.

9. (A) It profited from previous mistakes.

(B) It earned a lot of money.
(C) This was the last year that it would make a profit.
(D) It was not so successful.

10. (A) Chuck’s bank account has too much money in it.
(B) He thinks Chuck has the wrong kind of bank account.
(C) He thinks that Chuck is on his way home from the bank.
(D) There isn’t enough money in Chuck’s account.
Exercise 3
11. (A) She has to wait for some cash
(B) The waiter is bringing a glass of water
(C) The lawn is too dry
(D) She needs to watch out for a crash
12. (A) The sweater's the wrong size
(B) The man's feet aren't sweating
(C) The sweater makes the man seem fat
(D) The sweet girl doesn't feel right

13. (A) He has been regularly using a computer

(B) He communicates with a Boston Company
(C) He regularly goes to communities around Boston
(D) He has been traveling back and forth to Boston

14. (A) He thought the lesson didn't matter.

(B) He couldn't learn the lesson
(C) He learned a massive number of details
(D) He didn't like most of the lesson

15. (A) Some animals started the first fire

(B) Animals are killed by forest fires
(C) In the first frost, animals die
(D) Frost can kill animals

16. (A) Twenty pairs of shoes are on sale

(B) The shoe salesclerk spent twenty dollars on papers
(C) The shoes cost twenty dollars
(D) The shoes could be repaired for twenty dollars

17. (A) Tom shoes cost twenty dollars.

(B) Attendance wasn't necessary at biology lab
(C) Tom went to biology lab
(D) There was a tendency to require biology class
18. (A) The meal will be served at noon
(B) The males should be driven there by noon
(C) He's expecting the ice to meals
(D) The letters ought to be delivered at 12:00

19. (A) The weather will probably get worse

(B) The newspaper headlines described a bad weather
(C) There was news about a head string man
(D) He has a new bed.

20. (A) If he could do the grocery shopping.

(B) If she prefers cooked vegetables or salad.
(C) If she could help prepare the salad.
(D) if she minds shopping for vegetables.
Exercise skill 1-3
21. A. He would like some coffee.
B. He wants to stop drinking coffee.
C. A drink seems like a good idea.
D. He needs to drink something to stop his coughing.

22. A. She would prefer a sunny day.

B. The park is too crowded.
C. She would like a place that is not so loud.
D. She cannot walk because she is too old.

23. A. He should open an account.

B. He should take a ride on a ship.
C. He should try to keep the cost cheap.
D. He should try something monotonous to get to sleep.

24. A. The department is not changing the requirements.

B. He hasn’t heard anything about the change.
 C. The changes are available.
D. What has happened is incredible to him.

25. A. The wait has taken close to an hour.

B. They were stranded in their car.
C. Most of the people have been in line for hours.
D. They made a line in the sand.

26. A. The instructor is selecting several passages.

B. The conductor is fair to the passengers.
C. The stamp collector is conducting his business.
D. The riders are paying for the train trip.

27. A. The managers will take the train to the program.

B. A program to develop new managers will commence soon.
C. The new management program is very weak.
D. The program will be maintained to the letter.

28. A. The fire started to attack the building.

B. The firefighter stared at the attacker.
C. The fire probably began at the top of the building.
D. The firefighter started to attack the fire.

29. A. He assured the woman that he knew the truth.

B. He is sure that it isn’t new.
C. He thought that the woman was aware of what happened.
D. He soon will know the truth.

30. A. The art professor is not one of his fans.

B. His drawings were amazing.
C. The catches that he made were fantastic.
D. The sketches showed a fantasy world.

Exercise 4
31. (A) In the photography studio.
(B) In a biology laboratory.
(C)In an office.
(D)In the library.

32. (A) He’s a pilot.

(B) He’s a flight attendant.
(C)He’s a member of the grounds crew.
 (D)He works clearing land.

33. (A) Wash the dishes immediately.

(B) Use as many dishes as possible.
(C)Wash   the   dishes   for   as   long   as possible.
(D)Wait until later to clean up.

34. (A) In a bank.

(B) In a restaurant.
(C)At a service station.
(D)In a beautiful salon.

35. (A) A salesclerk in a shoe store.

(B) A shoe repair person.
(C)A party caterer.
(D)A salesclerk in a fixtures department.

36. (A) On a playground.

(B) In a parking lot.
(C)At a zoo.
(D)In a photo studio.

37. (A) Respond to the mail.

(B) Put the letters in a file.
(C)It depends on where the files is.
(D)File the answers she received to the letters.

38. (A) In an airplane.

(B) In a police car.
(C)In a theater.
(D)At a fireworks exhibit.

39. (A) Take care of Bob.

(B) Invite Bob to dinner.
(C)Let Bob know that they accept his invitation.
(D)Respond to the woman’s question.

40. (A) A pharmacist.

(B) A dentist.
(C)A teacher.
(D)A business manager.

Exercise 5
41. (A) If the restaurant is on the corner
 (B) If the man would like to go to the restaurant
(C) If the vegetables are fresh
(D) If vegetarian food can be obtained.

42. (A) He admitted that he wanted to go to law school in the fall

(B) The law school accepted him as a student
(C) The law professor admitted that he would be a student in the fall semester
(D) He would be admitted to law school after the fall

43. (A) Mark's plants were cared for his absence

(B) Mark's plan was to be out of town
(C) Mark was careful about his plans for the out of town trip
(D) She was careful while Mark was gone

44. (A) The lights in the trees were destroyed in the storm
(B) The storm damaged the trees
(C) The falling trees destroyed a store
(D) In the light the destruction of the storm could be seen

45. (A) She was broke from skiing

(B) She went skiing in spite of her accident
(C) Her leg was hurt on skiing trip
(D) Her skis were broken in the mountains

46. (A) The road the horses took was long and hard
(B) It was hard to find the hidden houses
(C) The riders worked the horses too much
(D) It was hard for people to ride the horses for long

47. (A) He didn't want the coffee that the woman ordered
(B) He wasn't sure if the woman wanted coffee
(C) He assumed the woman had ordered coffee
(D) He was unaware that coffee had already been ordered

48. (A) The car was in the left parking lot a the airport
(B) The friends parked their car at the airport
(C) The airport couldn't hold a lot of cars
(D) There were a lot of cars to the left of the parking lot

49. (A) The students pointed at Mac.

(B) Mac was present when the other students made the appointent.
(C) The class representative suggested Mac to the other students.
(D) Mac was chosen by his classmates to represent them
50. (A) After the earthquake, the insurance company came out to inspect the damage
(B) The insurance company insisted that the building be repaired to meet earthquake
safety standards.
(C) The inhabitants paid their premium after the earthquake
(D) The insurance company paid for the earthquake damage