Yang dimaksud dengan Coordinate Connector adalah AND, BUT, OR, or SO.

 
(English Version)

Banyak kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris yang terdiri dari dua klausa ( Klausa adalah kelompok
kata yang paling sedikit terdiri dari satu Subject dan satu Verb (Predikat). 

Ketika ada dua kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris, kita harus menggabungkannya dengan
benar. Saalahs atu cara untuk menggabungkan dua buah kalusa adalah dengan
menggunakan AND, BUT, OR, or SO.

Contoh:

1. The sun was shining and the sky was blue.

2. The sky was blue, but it was very cold.
3. It may rain tonight,  or it may be clear.
4. It was raining outside, so I took my umbrella.
Analisa:

 Keempat kalimat diatas terdiri dari dua klausa dan semuanya di hubungkan dengan
sebuah Coordinate Coonector dan sebuah Comma.
Contoh berikut ini akan menunjukan bagaimana Coordinate Connector di Tes di Structure
Questions pada TOEFL Test.

Contoh:

I forgot my coat, ____ I got very cold.

(A) then
(B) so
(C) later
(D) as a result

Analisa:

 Kalimat diatas memiliki dua  buah klausa:  I forgot my coat dan I got very cold. Untuk
menghubungkannya, kita harus menggunakan sebuah Coonector. Kata Then (A), later (C),
dan as a result (D) bukanlah Connector. Jadi jawaban terbaik adalah (B) karena so bisa
menghubungkan kedua klausa tersebut dengan benar.

EXERCISE 5:

Exercise 5 dibawah ini fokus pada permasalahan Coordinate Connector.  Baca kalimatnya
dan tentukan apakah jawabannya Correct (C) atau Incorrect (C).

1. The lawn needs water every day, or it will turn brown. (C)

    Analisa:
 Kedua Klausa diatas sudah benar, begitu juga dengan Coordinate Connectornya. 

2. The book was not long, it difficult to read. (I)

    Analisa:
 Klausa kedua tidak memiliki verb (is) dan  Connector.
 Kalimat yang benar adalah The book was not long, but  it is difficult to read.

3. It was raining, so decided not to go camping. (I)

    Analisa:
 Klausa/kalimat kedua tidak memiliki Subject. Tapi sudah memiliki connector, so.
 Kalimat yang benar seharusnya adalah It was raining, so  I  decided not to go camping.

4. The material has been cut, and the pieces have been sewn together.(C)

    Analisa:
 Kedua kalimat/klausa sudah benar begitu juga dengan connectornya

5. The patient took all the medicine, he did not feel much better.(I)

    Analisa:
 Kedua kalimat/klausa diatas sudah benar, tapi belum ada connectornya.
 Kalimat yang benar seharusnya adalah The patient took all the medicine,  but  he did not
feel much better.

6. The bill must be paid immediately, or the electricity will be turned off. (C)
    
    Analisa:
 Kedua kalimat/klausa diatas sudah benar, begitu juga dengan connector (so) nya.

7. The furnace broke so the house got quite cold. (I)

    Analisa:
 Kedua kalimat diatas sudah benar, begitu juga dengan connector (so) nya.
 Tapi tidak ada koma sebelum so sehingga kalimat diatas salah. Kalimat yang benar
seharusnya The furnace broke,  so the lounge got quite cold.

8. The dress did not cost too much, but the quality it seemed excellent. (I)

    Analisa:
 Kalimat.klausa kedua memiliki double subject, yaitu   the quality dan it. Salah satunya
harus di hapus untuk membuat kalimat tersebut benar.
 Connector (but) sudah benar.
 Kalimat yang benar seharusnya The dress did not cost too much, but the quality seemed
excellent 

9. The leaves kept falling off the trees, and the boys kept raking them up, but the yard
was still covered. (C)

    Analisa:
 Ketiga klausa/kalimat diatas sudah benar, begitu juga dengan connectornya (and, but)

10. The mail carrier has already delivered the mail, so the letter is not going to arrive today,
it probably will arrive tomorrow.

     Analisa:

 Ketiga klausa/kalimat diatas sudah benar, tapi connector so salah karena. Seharusnya
adalah but.
 Kalimat yang benar seharusnya The mail carrier has already delivered the mail,  but  the
letter is not going to arrive today, .......
 EXERCISE 6: Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline
the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the
sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1. After the plane circled the airport, it landed on the main runway. (C)

Analysis:
Both clauses have subject and verb.
The connector "when" is correct, too.

2. The registration process took many hours since the lines so long. (I)

Analysis:
The second clause has no verb. It should be the lines were so long.
The connector "since" is correct.

3. This type of medicine can be helpful, it can also have some bad side effects. (I)

Analysis:
Both clauses are correct but there is no connector.

4. The waves were amazingly high when the storm hit the coastal town. (C)

Analysis:
 Both clauses and connector are correct.

5. We need to get a new car whether is on sale or not. (I)

Analysis:
Second clause has no subject. It should be it is on sale or not
Connector "whether" is correct
6. Just (as) the bread came out of the oven, (while) a wonderful aroma filled the kitchen.
Answer : (I), extra connector (omit while)
7. Everyone has spent time unpacking boxes (since) the family moved into the new house.
Answer : (C)
8. (Although) the area is a desert many plants bloom there in the springtime.
Answer : (I), missing comma (should be desert, many plants)
9. The drivers on the freeway drove slowly and carefully (while) the rain was falling heavily
(because) they did not want to have an accident.
Answer : (C)
10. (If) you plan carefully (before) you take a trip, will have a much better time (because)
the small details will not cause problems.
Answer : (I), missing subject (could be you will have a much better time)

Berikut adalah pembahasan soal latihan untuk TOEFL Structure Skill 5 dan 6.

1. A spacecraft is freed from friction ____ launched into space.
(A) it
(B) it is
(C) after is
(D) after it is
Analisa: kita menemukan dua verbs (is freed dan launched), artinya kalimat ini harus memiliki
connector untuk menggabungkan dua klausa. Pada pilihan jawaban, hanya (C) dan (D) yang
menyediakan connector. Ingat, setelah connector harus ada subject dan verb. Maka, (D) after it
is adalah jawaban yang tepat di mana after sebagai connector, it sebagai subject,
dan is sebagai aux verb.
2. ____ with their surroundings, or they hide in crevices for protection.
(A) Lobsters
(B) Lobsters blend
(C) Lobsters blending
(D) Because lobsters blend
Analisa: Dalam kalimat ini, kita lihat ada dua klausa (ada tanda , dan or) tetapi klausa pertama
belum lengkap. Hanya ada object of preposition di akhir klausa (with their surroundings), maka
kita harus melengkapi klausa itu dengan subject dan verb. (B) Lobsters blend adalah jawaban
paling tepat karena Lobsters sebagai subject dan blend sebagai verb.
3. _____ a ball-and-socket joint, the elbow is a simple hinge joint.
(A) While the shoulder
(B) While the shoulder is
(C) The shoulder is
(D) The shoulder
Analisa: Dalam kalimat ini, kita menemukan tanda (,). Artinya, ada dua klausa dalam kalimat ini
yg perlu kita lengkapi dengan connector. Ingat! Jika (,) ada di awal klausa kedua, maka connector
ada di awal kalimat. Jawaban (A) dan (B) menyediakan connector. Jawaban (B) While the
shoulder is adalah jawaban yang tepat karena klausa pertama
perlu subject dan verb setelah connector ‘while’. The
shoulder adalah subject dan is sebagai verb.
4. A car has several sections with moving parts, _______ of those parts is essential.
(A) good lubrication
(B) well lubricated
(C) and good lubrication
(D) and well lubricated
Analisa: Kita menemukan tanda (,) pada kalimat ini, maka kita perlu connector untuk
menghubungkan dua klausa agar menjadi padu. Pilihan (C) dan (D) menawarkan connector
‘and’, tapi hanya jawaban (C) and good lubrication yang tepat karena klausa setelah (,) hanya
memerlukan subject untuk verb ‘is’. Good lubrication adalah noun phrase (good sebagai
adjective dan lubrication sebagai kata benda/noun) yang tepat untuk berdiri sebagai subject.
5. Bears cannot see well _____ small eyes.
(A) bears have
(B) because having
(C) because they have
(D) because of bears
Analisa: Klausa pertama (Bears cannot see well) telah lengkap. Kalimat yang rumpang bisa jadi
adalah connector, subject, dan verb karena ada noun (small eyes) di akhir kalimat yang tidak
mungkin berperan sebagai subject apa lagi verb. Maka kita lihat pilihan (B), (C) dan (D) yang
memiliki connector. Buang pilihan (D) karena setelah ‘because’ hanya ada preposition dan
object-nya. Pilihan (C) because they have adalah yang paling tepat karena memiliki subject
‘they’ dan verb ‘have’ setelah connector ‘because’.
6. _____ at the Isthmus of Panama, so animals were able to migrate between North and South
America.
(A) A land bridge existed
(B) When a land bridge existed
(C) A land bridge
(D) With a land bridge
Analisa: Terdapat connector ‘so’, maka kalimat ini memiliki dua klausa. Klausa kedua sudah
lengkap, ada subject (animals) dan verb (were). Klausa pertama terlihat rumpang, hanya ada
object of preposition di akhir klausa, maka kita memerlukan subject dan verb, tidak perlu
connector karena sudah ada di awal klausa kedua/setelah (,). Jawaban (A) A land bridge
existed adalah jawaban yang tepat, A land bridge sebagai subject dan existed sebagai verb.
7. ______ mostly made of granite, it also contains some human-made materials.
(A) The Empire State Building
(B) The Empire State Building is
(C) Although the Empire State Building is
(D) Although the Empire State Building is built
Analisa: Dalam kalimat ini, kita tidak menemukan connector setelah tanda (,). Maka kita perlu
melengkapi kalimat ini dengan connector di awal kalimat dan juga melengkapi klausa pertama
yang rumpang. Jawaban (C) Although the Empire State Building is adalah jawaban yang tepat
karena ada connector ‘Although’, subject ‘the Empire State Building’, dan aux verb ‘is’ untuk
melengkapi verb ‘made’.
8. Pressure differences make the eardrum vibrate _____ the ear.
(A) enters the sound waves
(B) as sound waves
(C) sound waves enter
(D) as sound waves enter
Analisa: Kalimat ini telah memiliki klausa yang lengkap, tetapi ternyata klausa itu bukan satu-
satunya klausa dalam kalimat ini karena ada kata benda (the ear) di akhir kalimat yang
merupakan object dari klausa kedua. Maka, kita memerlukan connector, subject, dan verb untuk
menyempurnakan kalimat itu. Jawaban (D) as sound waves enter adalah yang tepat karena
memiliki ‘as’ sebagai connector, ‘sound waves’ sebagai subject, dan ‘enter’ sebagai verb.
9. An optical microscope magnifies as much as 2,000 times, but an electron microscope _____ as
much as a million times.
(A) magnifying
(B) it magnifies
(C) can magnify
(D) magnify it
Analisa: Kita lihat dalam kalimat ini terdapat dua klausa yang dihubungkan dengan connector
‘but’ setelah tanda (,). Namun, klausa kedua masih rumpang dan perlu dilengkapi. Klausa kedua
telah memiliki subject ‘an electron microscope’, maka kita perlu verb yang tepat untuk
melengkapinya. Jawaban (C) can magnify adalah jawaban yang paling tepat karena verb
‘magnify’ adalah bentuk asli untuk melengkapi modal ‘can’. Selain itu, bentuk verb pada pilihan
jawaban lain kurang tepat.
10. If scientific estimates are accurate, ____ with the Earth about 20,000 years ago.
(A) the Canon Diablo meteorite collided
(B) the collision of the Canon Diablo meteorite
(C) the Canon Diablo meteorite colliding
(D) colliding the Canon Diablo meteorite
Analisa: Terdapat connector ‘if’ di awal kalimat, artinya kalimat ini memiliki dua klausa. Klausa
pertama terletak sebelum tanda (,) dan sudah lengkap. Klausa kedua terletak setelah tanda (,)
tapi masih rumpang di awal klausa. Setelah bagian yang rumpang, kita lihat ada preposition
‘with’, berarti dalam klausa itu belum ada subject dan verb. Jawaban  (A) the Canon Diablo
 meteorite collided adalah jawaban yang benar karena memiliki subject ‘the Canon Diablo
meteorite’ dan verb ‘collided’ yang tepat.
Perhatikan kalimat dibawah ini. Semua kalimat mengenai Noun clause connector. Tentukan
apakah kalimatnya benar (C) atau salah (Incorrect)

 1. It is unfortunate that the meal is not ready yet. (C)

     Analisa:
 Kalimat diatas benar karena kedua klausa (It is unfortunate ....dan the meal is not ready yet) 
masing masing memiliki Subject dan Verb.
 Connector 'that' juga sudah benar.
2. She told me when should pick up the children. (Incorrect)

    Analisa:
 Kalimat diatas salah karena kalimat ke dua (when should pick up the children) tidak memiliki
Subject. Kalimat yang benar seharusnya " .....when I should pick up the children".
3. The instructor explained where was the computer lab located. (I)

    Analisa:
 Klausa/kalimat ke dua (where was the computer lab located) salah. Seharusnya posisi verb/be
(was) setelah subject (the computer lab).
 Kalimat yang benar adalah ........where the computer lab  was located).
4. We could not believe what he did to us. (C)

     Analisa:
 Kedua klausa/kalimat sudah benar karena masing-masing sudah memiliki Subject dan Verb.
5. Do you want to know if it going to rain tomorrow? (I)

    Analisa:
 Kalimat/klausa ke-2 salah karena tidak memiliki tobe (is).
 Kalimat yang benar seharusnya "it is going to rain tomorrow".
6. We never know whether we will get paid or not. (C)

    Analisa:
 Kedua klausa/kalimat sudah memiliki subject dan verb.
7. This evening you can decide what do you want to do. (I)

    Analisa:
 Kalimat/klausa ke-2 (what do you want to do) salah. "do" setelah what seharusnya di hilangkan.
 Kalimat yang benar adalah "..........can decide what you want to do.'
8. The manager explained how wanted the work done. (I)

    Analisa:
 Kalimat/klausa ke-2 (how wanted the word done) salah karena tidak memiliki Subject.
 Kalimat yang benar seharusnya ".......how he wanted the work done.
9. The map showed where the party would be held. (C)

     Analisa:
 Kedua kalimat/klausa sudah benar.
10. Can you tell me why was the mail not delivered today? (I)

      Analisa:
 Kalimat/klausa ke-2 (why was the mail not delivered today?) salah karena posisi was seharusnya
setelah the mail).
 Kalimat yang benar adalah .................why the mail was not delivered today
Pada skill sebelumnya  (Skill 7) A noun clause connector (whom, what dan which) hanya
berfungsi sebagai connector.
(English Version)

Di skill 8 (Noun clause connector/subject), Noun Clause Connector tidak hanya berfungsi
sebagai Connector tapi pada saat yang bersamaan juga berfungsi sebagai Subject.  Perhatikan
kalimat di bawah ini:

Analisa:

Pada kalimat pertama terdapat dua kalimat/klausa: I know dan what happened yesterday. 

Kedua kalimat ini di hubungngakn oleh Connector what.

Pada kalimat ke dua (what happened yesterday) dari kedua contoh di atas. What juga berfungsi
sebagai Subject dari kalimat tersebut. Sedangkan happened berfungsi sebagai verb.

Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini.

The company was prepared for ________ happened with the economy.

(A) it
(B) the problem
(C) what
(D) when
 Analisa:
 Kalimat diatas memiliki dua buah klausa yaitu "The company was prepared for" dan " ...........
happened with the economy. 
 Klausa ke dua "................happened with the economy" kurang lengkap karena belum memiliki
subject sekaligus connector yang berfungsi menghubungkan kedua kalimat.
 Jawaban yang tepat adalah what (c) karena ini bisa berfungsi sebagai Subject dan connector.
Chart dibawah ini menunjukan bagaimana Noun clause connectors/subject di gunakan  dalam
kalimat.

EXERCISE 8: 

Perhatikan soal-soal dibawah ini dan tentukan apakah kalimatnya benar (Correct) atau salah
(Incorrect).

1. The teacher heard who answered the question. (C)

    Analisa:
  Kalimat pertama "The teacher heard" benar karena The teacher subject and heard verbnya.
Kalimat kedua "Who answered the phoned" juga benar karena who berfungsi sebagai subject
and answered sebagai verbnya. Pada saat yang bersamaan Who juga berfungsi sebagai
connetor.
 Jadi kalimat di atas sudah benar.

2. I do not understand it went wrong. (I)

    Analysis:
 Kalimat pertama "I do not understand" sudah benar karena I subject dan do not understand
verb. Kalimat kedua "it went wrong" salah karena tidak ada connector sekaligus subject.
 Kalimat yang benar seharusnya: I do not understand what went wrong.What berfungsi sebagai
subject dan juga connector, sementara went nya sebagai verb,

3. Of the three movies, I can’t decide which is the best. (C)

    Analisa:
 Di kalimat pertama, I sebagai Subject dan can't decide sebagai verb. Di kalimat kedua, which
sebagai connector sekaligus subject dan is sebagai verb,

4. She did not remember who in her class. (I)

     Analisa
 Di kalimat pertama, She sebagai subject dan did not remember sebagai verb. Dikalimat kedua,
who sebagai connector dan juga subject tapi tidak ada verbnya,
 Kalimat ayng benar seharusnya .................who was in her class.

5. No one is sure what did it happen in front of the building. (I)

    Analisa:
 Kalimat pertama sudah benar karena No one adalah subject dan is adalah verb, tapi kalimat
kedua salah karena ada did dan it. Did dan it seharusnay di hapus dan verb "happen" menjadi
bentuk lampau "happened".
 Jadi kalimat yang benar seharusnya: .......what happened  in front of the building.

6. We found out which was her favorite type of candy. (C)

     Analisa:
 Di kalimat pertama, We sebagai Subject dan found out sebagai verb. Di kalimat kedua which
sebagai connector sekaligus sebagai subject sementara verbnya adalah was.

7. Do you know what caused the plants to die? (C)

    Analisa:
 Di kalimat pertama you sebagai subject dan know sebagai verb. Di kalimat kedua, what sebagai
connector sekaligus sebagai subject sementara verbnya adalah cause.

8. I am not sure which it is the most important course in the program. (I)

    Analisa:
 Kalimat kedua salah karena double subject: which dan it. It nya di hilangkan sehingga which
berfungsi sebagai subject sekaligus connector.

 Kalimat yang benar seharusnya which is the most important course in the program.

9. We thought about who would be the best vice president.(C)

    Analisa:
 Di kalimat pertama, We sebagai subject dan thought about sebagai verb. Dikalimat kedua Who
sebgaai connector sekaligus sebagai subject sedangkan verbnya adalah would be.

10. She saw what in the box in the closet. (I)

     Analisa:
 Kalimat pertama "She saw" sudah benar. Kalimat kedua what sebagai connector sekaligus
sebagai subject, tapi verbnya tidak ada. Jadi kalimat di atas salah.
 Kalimat yang benar seharusnya: what is in the box in the closet.
Perhatikan soal di bawah ini. Masing masing kalimat memiliki lebih dari satu clause. Perharikan
Subject dan verb dari tiap-tiap clause dan juga connectornya. Check apakah kalimat di bawah ini
benar atau salah.

1. I did not believe the story that he told me. (Correct)

Analysis:

First Clause : I did not believe the story

Second Clause : He told me
Adjective clause connector : that

2. Ms. Brown, whom did you recommend for the job, will start work tomorrow.(Incorrect)

Analysis:

First clause : Ms. Brown will start work tomorrow

Second clause : Did you recommend for the job (incorrect)
It should be you recommended for the job
Adjective clause connector : whom

The correct sentence is Ms. Brown, who you recommended for the job, will start work
tomorrow.

3. The lecture notes which lent me were not clearly written.(I)

Analysis:

First clause : The lecture notes were not clearly written

Second clause : lent me (incorrect)
It should be I lent
Adjective clause connector : which

The correct sentence is the lecture notes which I lent were not clearly written

4. Sally has an appointment with the hairdresser whom you recommended. (C)

Analysis:

First clause : Sally has an appointment with the hairdresser

Second clause : you recommended
Adjective clause connector : whom

5. The phone number that you gave me.

Analysis:

First clause : The phone number (incorrect: no verb)

Second clause : you gave me
Adjective clause connector : that
The correct sentence is The phone number that you gave me was wrong
Di Skill 9 dijelaskan bahwa Adjective Clause Connector (whom, which, that) hanya digunakan
sebagai connector. In skill 10, Adjective clause connector (who, which, that) tidak hanya
berfungsi sebagai connector tapi pada saat bersamaan juga berfungsi sebagai subject.

Perhatikan dua contoh kalimat di bawah ini:

.

Di contoh pertama, ada dua buah klausa/kalimat:

• We are looking at the house. We merupakan subject untuk Verb are looking for, dan that yang
merupakan subject untuk verb is. Kedua kalimat.klausa ini juga di hubungkan dengan sebuah
connector yaitu that. Berarti bahwa THAT mempunyai dua fungsi sebagai subject dan connector.
Pada contoh kedua, juga ada dua buah kalimat/klausa:
• The house yang merupakan subject untuk verb Seems, dan that yang merupakan subject
untuk verb is. That mempunyai dua fungsi, sebagai Subject untuk verb is dan connector yang
menghubungkan kedua klausa tersebut.
Berikut ini adalah contoh penggunaan Adjective clause connector/subject dalam soal TOEFL
Test.

______ just dropped off a package for you is my sister.

(A) The woman

(B) The woman who
(C) Because the woman
(D) With the woman

Analisa:
• Kalimat di atas memiliki dua Verb; dropped dan is, tapi belum memiliki subject.
• Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (B) The woman who. Woman merupakan subject untuk verb
is dan who merupakan subject untuk verb dropped. Who also function as connector yang
menghubungkan kedua klause/kalimat tsb.
Chart dibawah ini menunjukan bagaimana menggunakan adjective clause connector/subject.
EXERCISE 10:

Read the following sentences and check if they are correct or incorrect
1. The children that were vaccinated did not get sick. (Correct)

2. I did not vote for the politician who he just won the election. (Incorrect)
•Correct Answer: I didn't vote for the politician who just won the election
3. The dog that barking belongs to my neighbor. (Incorrect)
•Correct answer: The dog that is barking belongs to my neighbor.
4. I took two of the blue pills, which were very effective. (Correct)
5. We rented an apartment from the landlord who does he own the buildings on Maple Street.
(Incorrect)
• We rented an apartment from the landlord who owns the building on Maple Street.
6. She forgot to attend the meeting which it began at 11:00. (Incorrect)
•Correct Answer: She forgot to attend the meeting which began at 11:00
7. Any student who does not turn in the paper by Friday will fail the class. (Correct)

8. The people which came in late had to sit at the back. (Incorrect)
•The people who came in late had to sit at the back.
9. The courses that satisfy the graduation requirements they are difficult. (Incorrect)
•Correct Answer: The courses that satisfy the graduation are difficult.
10. After dinner she went to visit her parents, who were living down the street. (Correct)

Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.

1. _____ is famous as the home of the U.S. Naval Academy.

    (A) Annapolis
    (B) Because of Annapolis
    (C) Why Annapolis
    (D) Because Annapolis

2. Some scientists think _____ be a planet but a moon of Neptune.

    (A) that Pluto does not seem.
    (B) not Pluto
    (C) Pluto that might not
     (D) that Pluto might not

3. With _____ of sophisticated oil lamps, elaborate tools were made to cut the wicks.
     (A) appeared
     (B) the appearance
     (C) the appearance was
     (D) it appeared
4. Fort Union was the site of what ____ principal fur-trading post on the upper Missouri River.
    (A) the
    (B) being the
     (C) was the
    (D) it was the

5. Since _____ commercial risk, it has to appeal to a large audience to justify its cost.
    (A) the face of the movie
    (B) moving faces
     (C) a movie faces
    (D) to face a movie

6. A current of water known as the Gulf Stream comes up from the Gulf of Mexico, and then
____ the North Atlantic toward Europe.
     (A) it crosses
    (B) crossing
    (C) with its crosses
    (D) crosses it

7. Systems ____ the two symbols 0 and 1 are called binary number systems.
    (A) use
    (B) they use
    (C) uses
     (D) using

8. Genes, _____ the blueprints for cell construction, exist in tightly organized packages called
chromosomes.
     (A) are
     (B) they are
     (C) which
      (D) which are

9. The Earth’s atmosphere consists of gases _____ in place around the Earth by the gravitational
pull of the planet.
    (A) held
    (B) hold
    (C) it holds
    (D) the hold

10. Oscar Hammerstein II collaborated with a number of composers including Jerome Kern,
whom _____ in writing the musical Show Boat.
      (A) joined
      (B) was joined
       (C) he joined
      (D) joining
Skill 11: AGREEMENT AFTER PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Subject/verb agreement is simple: if the subject of a sentence is singular, then the verb must be
singular; if the subject of the sentence is plural, then the verb must be plural. An -s  on a verb
usually indicates that a verb is singular, while an -s  on a noun usually indicates that the noun is
plural. (Do not forget irregular plurals of nouns, such as women, children, and people.)
The dog barks at night.
The dogs bark at night.
In the first example, the singular subject dog  requires a singular verb, barks.  In the second
example, the plural subject dogs  requires a plural verb, bark.
Sometimes prepositional phrases can come between the subject and the verb on the TOEFL test,
and this can cause confusion.’If the object of the preposition is singular and the subject is plural,
or if the object of the preposition is plural and the subject is singular, there can be a problem in
making the subject and verb agree.
The door (to the rooms) are* locked.
singular                      plural
 
The doors (to the room) is* locked.
plural                       singular
(* indicates an error)
In the first example, you might think that rooms  is the subject because it comes directly in front
of the verb are.  However, rooms  is not the subject because it is the object of the
preposition to.  The subject of the sentence is door,  so the verb should be is.  In the second
example, you might think that room is the subject because it comes directly in front of the
verb is.
You should recognize in this example that room  is not the subject because it is the object of the
preposition to.  Because the subject of the sentence is doors,  the verb should be are.
The following chart outlines the key information that you should understand about subject/verb
agreement with prepositional phrases.

SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT WITH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

S (prepositional phrase) V

When a prepositional phrase  comes between the subject  and the verb,  be sure

that the verb  agrees with the subject

EXERCISE: Each of the following sentences has one or more prepositional phrases between the
subject and verb. Put parentheses around the prepositional phrases. Underline the subjects
once and the verbs twice. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1. The subject (of the lectures) was quite interesting.
Answer : (C)
2. The supplies (for the camping trip) needs to be packed.
Answer : (I), needs  should be need
3. The chairs (under the table in the dining room) is quite comfortable.
Answer : (I), is should be are
4. The players (on the winning team in the competition) put forth a lot of effort.
Answer : (C)
5. The food (for the guests at the party) are on the long tables.
Answer : (I), are should be is
6. The cost (of the clothes) was higher than I had expected.
Answer : (C)
7. The rugs (in the front rooms of the house) are going to be washed today.
Answer : (C)
8. The waiters and waitresses (in this restaurant) always serves the food efficiently.
Answer : (I), serves should be serve
9. The lights (in the corner of the room) need to be kept on all night.
Answer : (C)
10. The meeting (of the members of the council) begins at 3:00 in the afternoon.
Answer : (C)
EXERCISE 12: Each of the following sentences has a quantity expression as the subject. Underline
the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the objects that the verbs agree with. Then indicate
if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1. Half of the students in the class arrive early. (C)

   Analysis:

 Object is Students (plural) and Verb is arrive (plural Verb), so the sentence is correct
2. Some of the fruit are rotten. (I)

    Analysis:

 Fruit and are (Verb) are not match. It should be ".....fruit is ...
3. All of the next chapter contains very important information. (C)

    Analysis:

 The next chapter (singular noun) and contains (singular verb) are match. (correct)
4. Most of the people in the room is paying attention.(I)

    Analysis:

 The people (plural noun) and is (singular verb) are not match. It should be".....of the people
......are ..."
 5. Part of the soup is left on the stove. (C)

    Analysis:

 The soup (uncountable noun) and is (singular verb) are match.

6. Some of the movie were just too violent for me.  (I)

    Analysis:

 The movie (singular noun) and were (plural verb) are not match. It should be "....the movie
was ...."
7. All of the details in the report needs to be checked. (I)

    Analysis:

 The details (plural noun) are needs are not match. It should be "....the details ........need...."
8. Most of the money is needed to pay the bills. (C)

    Analysis:

 The money (uncountable noun) and is are match.

9. The first half of the class consists of lecture and note taking. (C)

    Analysis:

 The class (singular noun) and consists (singular verb) are match.
10. Some of the questions on-the test was impossible to answer. (I)

     Analysis:

 The questions (plural noun) and was (singular verb) are not match. It should be '....the
questions ......were....."
Previous Problem/Skill  ---> Skill 12: Agreement after expression of quantity

Certain words in English are always grammatically singular, even though they might have plural
meanings.

Everybody in the theater are watching* the film attentively.

Even though we understand from this example that a lot of people are watching the
film, Everybody is singular and requires a singular verb. The plural verb are watching should be
changed to the singular verb is watching.

The following chart lists the grammatically singular words that have plural meanings.
 Exercise 13.

Each of the following sentences contains one of the words that are grammatically singular but
they have a plural meaning.
1. Anybody are welcome at the party. (I)

    Analysis:
 Anybody is singular, so the verb is not "are" but "is".
2. No one here is afraid of skysiving. (C)

    Analysis:
 No one is singular and Verb "is" is singular, too. So the sentence is correct.
3.  Everyone in the world needs love and respect. (C)

     Analysis:
 Everyone is singular and Verb " Needs" is singular verb, too. So the sentence is correct.
4. Someone have to clean up the house. (I)

    Analysis:
 Someone is singular, but verb "have to" is plural verb. So it is incorrect.
5. Each plant in the garden appear healthy and strong. (I)

    Analysis:
 Each plant is singular, but verb "appear" is plural verb. So it is incorrect. 
 Appear should be appears.
 6. You should understand that anything is possible. (C)

    Analysis:
 Anything is singular and IS is singular verb, too. So It is correct.
7. Everything in the salad are good for you. (I)

   Analysis:
 Everything is singular, but verb "ARE" is plural. So it is incorrect
 It should be "Everything ..........is ....."
8. Nobody in the class have completed the assignment on time. (I)

    Analysis:
 Nobody is singular, but subject "have" is plural. So, it is incorrect.
 It should be 'Nobody........has  ......"
9. I am sure that every detail have been considered. (I)

    Analysis:
 Every detail is singular, but verb "have" is plural. So, it is incorrect.
 It should be ".....every detail has been ...."
10. Everybody know the rules, but somebody is not following them. (I)

     Analysis:
 Everybody is singular, but verb "know" is plural. So, it is incorrect.
 It should be "Everybody knows....