Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL…………..…………………………………………………........ i
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN..................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI……..…………………………………………………………….……... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR……………...……………………………………….…………. xv
ABSTRAK...................................................................................................................... xviii
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................... xix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN………………………………………………………... 1
ix
II.1.3 Penyakit dan Kelainan pada Kulit.............................................. 8
25
II.7 Gel……………………………………………………….….………... 25
x
II.7.4 Uraian Bahan pada Pembuatan Gel……………...…………..... 27
28
II.7.4.2 Carbopol........……………………………………….....
29
II.7.4.3 Propilenglikol........…………….……...…………….....
30
II.7.4.4 Metil paraben ……………………………………….....
31
II.7.4.5 TEA...............………………………………………......
II.10 Hipotesis……………………………………………………………. 37
III.1.1 Alat...………………………………………………………... 38
III.1.2 Bahan....…………………………………………………....... 38
III.1.3 Bakteri Uji……………………………………………….......
39
xi
41
xii
IV.10 Persiapan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri.......…...........……………….... 68
BAB V PENUTUP................................................................................................... 90
V.1 Simpulan………………………........................................................... 90
IV.2 Saran.........…....................................................................................... 91
DAFTAR PUSTAKA..................................................................................................... 92
LAMPIRAN.................................................................................................................... 98
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman
Tabel 1 Penggunaan Carbopol dalam Sediaan Farmasi.............................. 29
Tabel 5 Hasil Uji Skrining Fitokimia Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Sambal.. 60
Sambal............................................................................................ 70
Tabel 7 Hasil Uji Mikrobiologi Sediaan Gel Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk
Tabel 8 Hasil Uji Analisis Efektivitas Gel Minyak Atsiri Daun jeruk
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 1 Penampang Kulit................................................................ 7
S.epidermidis...............................................................................
Gambar 18 72
Hasil Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap P. acnes dan
S.epidermidis.................................................................................
Gambar 19 72
Hasil Uji Kontrol Negatif Terhadap P. acnes dan S. epidermidis
xv
Gambar 20 Hasil Uji Efektivitas Gel Terhadap P.acnes dan S.epidermidis Hari 72
ke-0.......................................................................................
S.epidermidis.................................................................................
Hari Ke-0...............................................................
Gambar 24 Hasil Uji Efektivitas Gel Terhadap P.acnes dan S.epidermidis Hari
79
ke-29.....................................................................................
85
xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
acnes.......................................................................................... 103
xvii
Lampiran 21 Hasil Uji Daya Sebar Sediaan Gel Minyak Atsiri..................... 134
Lampiran 22 Hasil Uji Daya Lekat Sediaan Gel Minyak Atsiri..................... 136
xviii