GRAMMAR CLASS 3

1. Noun
A noun is a word used for naming some person or thing
Kata benda adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menamai seseorang atau sesuatu

2. Pronoun
A pronounce is a word used instead of a noun or noun equivalent
Pengucapan adalah kata yang digunakan sebagai pengganti kata benda atau cara pengucapanya

3. Adjective
An adjective is a word used for qualifng a noun or pronoun
Kata sifat adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mengkualifikasikan kata benda atau kata ganti

4. Verb
A verb is a word used for saying something a person or thing (such as making a statement,
asking a question, or giving on order)
Kata kerja adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mengatakan sesuatu seseorang atau sesuatu (seperti
membuat pernyataan, mengajukan pertanyaan, atau memberi perintah)

5. Preposition
A preposition is word used for showing what a person or thing has to do with another person or
thing
Kata depan adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan seseorang atau sesuatu
dengan orang atau benda lain

6. Conjunction
A conjunction is a word used for joining one sentence to another sentence or one word to another
word of the ssame or similar part of speech
Konjungsi adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan satu kalimat dengan kalimat lain
atau satu kata dengan kata lain yang sejenis atau sejenis.

7. Adverb
An adverb is a word used for qualifing and kind of word except a noun or pronoun
Kata keterangan adalah kata yang digunakan untuk kualifikasi dan jenis kata kecuali kata benda
atau kata ganti

8. Interjection
An interjection is a word pu into sentence to epxprss a sudden of mind or emotion
Kata seru adalah kata yang dimasukkan ke dalam kalimat untuk mengungkapkan pikiran atau
emosi yang tiba-tiba

The pronoun cases dibagi menjadi 3 :-

1. Subjective case: pronouns used as subject. (kata ganti yang digunakan sebagai subjek.)
2. Objective case: pronouns used as objects of verbs or prepositions. (kata ganti yang digunakan
sebagai objek kata kerja atau kata depan.)
3. Possessive case: pronouns which express ownership. (kata ganti yang menyatakan

⬇️lesson 7 : the kinds of pronoun

The Seven Types of Pronouns

1. Personal pronouns

▪︎subjective personal
I, you, she, he, it, and they. For example: 

" *i* walked directly to the party."

" *You* showed up late; she was annoyed."

" *He* thought *you* had forgotten; we know *you* were just behind

▪︎objective personal
 me, you, her, him, it, us, and them. For example:

"The police officer told my brother and *me* to slow down."

"He pointed to the pedestrians and said to be careful of *them*."

"The police officer said there are a lot of speedy motorists like *us*"

▪︎possessive personal
mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, and theirs. For example:

"Is this book yours or *his*?"

"All the books are *mine*."

"Nobody's house has as many books as theirs, not even *ours*."

2. Demonstrative pronouns

*This* and *these* refer to things that are nearby in space or time,

while *that* and *those* refer to things that are farther away in space or further away in time.
( *this* dan *these* atau *ini* mengacu pada hal-hal yang dekat dalam ruang atau waktu,
sedangkan *that* dan *those* atau *itu* mengacu pada hal-hal yang lebih jauh dalam ruang
atau lebih jauh dalam waktu.) For example:

"*This* is the dress I will wear; *that* is the one I wore yesterday."

"*That* is not true."

"Please pay for *those*."

3. Interrogative pronouns

*who* and *whom* are used to refer to people, while *which* is used to refer to things and

animals. ( *who* dan *whom* digunakan untuk merujuk pada orang,
sedangkan *which* digunakan untuk merujuk pada benda dan hewan.)

For example:
"*Which* is the best restaurant?"
"*What* did he tell you?" 
"*Whom* should we invite?"

4. Relative pronouns
The compounds *whoever* , *whomever* and *whichever*

For example:
"*Whoever* added the bill made a mistake."

5. Indefinite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns refer to an identifiable, but not specified, person or thing. (Kata ganti tidak
tentu mengacu pada orang atau benda yang dapat diidentifikasi, tetapi tidak ditentukan.)

*all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, few, 
many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody, and someone* .
For example:
" *Everybody* got lost on the way there."
" *Somebody* forgot to bring the map."
"No wonder so *few* showed up."

6. Reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence. (Kata ganti refleksif
merujuk kembali ke subjek klausa atau kalimat.)

*myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.
For example:
"She baked a cake for *herself*."
"We decided to eat it *ourselves*."
"We heard her say, 'They should be ashamed of *themselves*.'"

7. Intensive pronouns

Intensive pronouns are used to emphasize their antecedent. Intensive pronouns are identical in
form to reflexive pronouns. (Kata ganti intensif digunakan untuk menekankan antesedennya.
Kata ganti intensif identik bentuknya dengan kata ganti refleksif.)
For example:
"I *myself * find pronouns fascinating."
"They *themselves* think everyone should know about pronouns."
"You *yourself* should tell everyone how great pronouns are."

lesson 8 : the kinds of adjectives

⬇️lesson 9 : degrees of comparison

1. THE POSITIVE : menunjukkan kualitas sederhana

2. THE COMPARATIVE : menunjukkan tingkat kualitas yang lebih tinggi

3. THE SUPERLATIVE : menunjukkan tingkat kualitas tertinggi

⬇️lesson 11 : the kinds of adverb
1. Adverbs of manner refer to the manner in which something is done or takes place. (mengacu
pada cara di mana sesuatu dilakukan atau terjadi.) Some adverbs commonly used to express this
are; “quickly,” “quietly,” “fast,” “slowly,” “immediately,” “simultaneously,” “loudly,” “angrily,”
“carefully,” “eagerly,” “easily,” “energetically,” “happily,” “slowly,” “wistfully,” etc.

Ex: As soon as the bell rang, she went to the door *immediately*.

2. Adverbs of degree describe the degree to which something is done. (menggambarkan sejauh

mana sesuatu dilakukan.)

These adverbs include “barely,” “completely,” “considerably,” “deeply,” “greatly,” “hardly,”

“highly,” “immensely,” “partly,” “rather,” “strongly,” and “utterly”.

Ex : He was drunk and could *hardly* get his hands on the keys

3. Adverbs of time are words which describe the time when something is done. (menggambarkan
waktu ketika sesuatu dilakukan.)

Examples of such words include: “always,” “currently,” “immediately,” “now,” “often,”

“recently,” “tomorrow,” “frequently,” “then,” “soon,” “today,” etc

Ex: She will visit *tomorrow*.

4. Adverbs of place are words which describe the location where the action of the verb takes
place. (kata-kata yang menggambarkan lokasi di mana tindakan kata kerja terjadi)

Examples of such words include: “there,” “here,” “anywhere,” “someplace,” “abroad”,

“upstairs,” “nearby,” “nowhere,” “below,” “in,” “out,” “forward,” etc.

Ex : He lives *nearby.*

5. Adverbs of probability describe the probability or likelihood of something to take place.

(menggambarkan kemungkinan atau kemungkinan sesuatu terjadi.) Words such as “impossibly,”
“surely,” “unlikely,” “probably,” “possibly,” “certainly,” etc 

Ex : She will *probably* listen to you.

6. Adverbs of Purpose these are mostly infinitive phrases. They express the reason or the need of
something being done (mengungkapkan alasan atau kebutuhan sesuatu yang sedang dilakukan)
Ex : I’m studying harder *to make good grades.*

7. Adverbs of Frequency tells the rate at which something is done

(Adverbs of Frequency memberitahu tingkat di mana sesuatu dilakukan)

Ex: We *rarely* eat lunch together

⬇️lesson 12 : the prepotition

Preposisi adalah kata yang digunakan dengan kata benda atau kata ganti untuk menunjukkan
hubungannya dengan beberapa kata lain dalam kalimat

Ex: i looked *through* the window